Telescopic cutter device for automatically compensating abrasion loss of cutter

Abstract

The invention relates to a telescopic cutter device for automatically compensating the abrasion loss of a cutter, which is applied to equipment processing and comprises a cutter sleeve, a grinding cutter and a telescopic spring for dynamically adjusting the extension amount of the grinding cutter in the processing process, the telescopic spring is arranged in the cutter sleeve, and one end of the grinding cutter is inserted into the cutter sleeve; two ends of the telescopic spring are respectively connected with the cutter sleeve and the grinding cutter. According to the invention, the processing efficiency and the processing yield can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a telescopic tool device for automatically compensating for tool wear, and belongs to the field of equipment automated processing. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of advanced equipment manufacturing industries such as aerospace, automobiles, and ships, the requirements for the quality and accuracy of precision machined parts are becoming increasingly higher. However, in the process of machine tool processing such as grinding and polishing, tool wear is inevitable, which has an important impact on the processing process. For example, during the grinding process, as the tool continues to wear, the contact distance between the workpiece surface and the tool surface gradually decreases, that is, the effective chip cutting edge length of the tool decreases, which will lead to problems such as excessive flatness and uneven thickness of the workpiece, and increase the surface roughness of the workpiece. Therefore, tool wear during the processing process will directly affect the efficiency, quality and cost of the processing. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a telescopic tool device for automatically compensating tool wear, aiming to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a telescopic tool device for automatically compensating tool wear, which can improve processing efficiency and processing yield.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention relates to a telescopic tool device, which is applied to equipment processing and includes:

[0005] A tool sleeve, a grinding tool and a telescopic spring for dynamically adjusting the extension amount of the grinding tool during processing, wherein the telescopic spring is arranged in the tool sleeve, one end of the grinding tool is inserted into the tool sleeve, and both ends of the telescopic spring are respectively connected to the tool sleeve and the grinding tool.

[0006] Furthermore, the tool sleeve is provided with a sleeve and an adjusting rod for adjusting the compression amount of the grinding tool, the adjusting rod is movably connected to one end of the sleeve, and the adjusting rod is connected to the telescopic spring.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjusting rod is threadedly connected to one end of the sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the adjusting rod is a screw plug push rod.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a limit rod and a limit slot for limiting the displacement of the grinding tool, the limit slot is arranged on the tool sleeve; the limit rod passes through the limit slot to be connected with the grinding tool.

[0010] Furthermore, the limiting rod is a limiting bolt, and the limiting bolt is threadedly connected to the grinding tool.

[0011] Furthermore, the screw head of the limiting bolt is arranged in the limiting through groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the grinding tool is a flat-bottomed tool or a round-nose tool.

[0013] Another aspect of the technical solution of the present invention relates to a method for processing equipment that automatically compensates for tool wear, using the telescopic tool device of the above embodiment; wherein the telescopic tool device is installed on a processing spindle of the equipment; the method for processing the equipment comprises the following steps:

[0014] S100, obtaining the elastic system of the telescopic spring and the expected cutting force required for workpiece processing to calculate and determine the compression displacement of the processing spindle;

[0015] S200, moving the machining spindle so that the grinding tool contacts the machining plane of the workpiece, and moving the grinding tool toward the workpiece according to the compressed displacement to compress the telescopic spring;

[0016] S300, after determining according to the detection feedback that the initial compression amount of the telescopic spring reaches the set value, move the processing spindle to process the workpiece.

[0017] Furthermore, the processing plane of the workpiece is an inner concave surface.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0019] The telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention is used in grinding and polishing processes of machine tools. It connects the tool sleeve and the grinding tool through a telescopic spring. Utilizing the characteristic that the telescopic compression amount of the telescopic spring is proportional to the pressure it is subjected to, the telescopic spring is used to dynamically adjust the extension amount of the grinding tool during the machine tool processing according to the change in the tool grinding amount or the unevenness of the plane, so that the grinding tool remains attached to the processing surface of the workpiece for grinding, thereby improving the processing efficiency and processing yield.

[0020] An adjusting rod is provided, and the insertion depth of the adjusting rod in the inner cavity of the sleeve is adjusted by adjusting the position of the adjusting rod in the sleeve, and the size of the space in the sleeve for accommodating the telescopic spring is adjusted, so that the adjustable range of the compression amount of the telescopic spring can be adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a telescopic tool device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic tool device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the movement direction of the telescopic tool device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 2 is a perspective view of the internal structure of a telescopic tool device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic flow chart of a processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 3 is a schematic diagram of a state of a telescopic tool device to be processed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 1 is a schematic diagram of the state of the telescopic tool device during processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 100, telescopic tool device; 110, tool sleeve; 111, sleeve; 112, adjustment rod; 113, limit slot; 120, grinding tool; 130, telescopic spring; 140, limit rod;

[0031] 200. Processing spindle;

[0032] 300, workpiece; 310, concave plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the embodiments and drawings to clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention, so as to fully understand the purpose, scheme and effect of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly fixed or connected to the other feature, or it may be indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. In addition, the descriptions of up, down, left, right, top, bottom, etc. used in the present invention are only relative to the relative positional relationship of the components of the present invention in the drawings.

[0035] In addition, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The terms used in this specification are only for describing specific embodiments, not for limiting the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any combination of one or more related listed items.

[0036] It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements in the present disclosure, these elements should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish elements of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element may also be referred to as the second element, and similarly, the second element may also be referred to as the first element.

[0037] See also Figures 1 to 7 The telescopic tool device for automatically compensating tool wear according to the technical solution of the present invention comprises a tool sleeve 110, a grinding tool 120, and a telescopic spring 130 for dynamically adjusting the extension amount of the grinding tool 120 during processing, and the two ends of the telescopic spring 130 are respectively connected to the tool sleeve 110 and the grinding tool 120. Specifically, the telescopic spring 130 is arranged in the inner cavity of the tool sleeve 110, one end of the grinding tool 120 is inserted into the tool sleeve 110, and the two ends of the telescopic spring 130 are respectively connected to the tool sleeve 110 and the grinding tool 120.

[0038] See also Figure 6 to Figure 7 , one end of the grinding tool 120 away from the telescopic spring 130 is used for processing. When the telescopic tool device is installed on the processing spindle 200 of the equipment and the processing end of the grinding tool 120 contacts the workpiece 300, the other end of the grinding tool 120 compresses the telescopic spring 130. During the processing, when the grinding tool 120 is worn, the grinding amount of the workpiece 300 is slowly reduced. According to Hu Ke's law, that is, the elongation and compression of the telescopic spring 130 is proportional to the force received, the telescopic spring 130 will generate a reverse force and push the grinding tool 120 to extend, so as to realize dynamic and automatic compensation of tool wear during the processing, which is beneficial to maintain the contact distance between the surface of the workpiece 300 and the grinding tool 120, so that the plane of the workpiece 300 is not prone to flatness tolerance or uneven thickness problems, thereby improving the processing effect and product yield, and reducing the dependence on the intelligent prediction and real-time monitoring of tool wear functions of the CNC system.

[0039] Furthermore, when the telescopic tool device is used to polish and grind the uneven plane of the workpiece 300, when the distance between the machining spindle 200 and the plane of the workpiece 300 remains unchanged, when the grinding tool 120 contacts the convex surface, the compression amount of the telescopic spring 130 increases, and at this time, the reaction force of the telescopic spring 130 also increases, that is, the pushing force of the telescopic spring 130 on the grinding tool 120 increases, thereby increasing the force of the grinding tool 120 on the workpiece 300. Conversely, when the grinding tool 120 contacts the concave surface, the compression amount of the telescopic spring 130 decreases, and at this time, the reaction force of the telescopic spring 130 also decreases, that is, the pushing force of the telescopic spring 130 on the grinding tool 120 decreases, thereby reducing the force of the grinding tool 120 on the workpiece 300. Therefore, during the machining process, the tool extension amount is dynamically adjusted according to the concave and convex conditions of the plane, and then the pressure of the wear tool 120 on the workpiece surface is automatically and flexibly adjusted according to the concave and convex degree of the workpiece, so that the surface flatness of the workpiece 300 is uniform, which can improve the machining effect.

[0040] The telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention is used in grinding and polishing processes of machine tools. It connects the tool sleeve 110 and the grinding tool 120 through the telescopic spring 130. The telescopic compression amount of the telescopic spring 130 is proportional to the pressure it is subjected to. The telescopic spring 130 is used to dynamically adjust the extension amount of the grinding tool 120 during the machine tool processing according to the change of the tool grinding amount or the unevenness of the plane. The grinding tool 120 is kept close to the processing surface of the workpiece 300 for grinding, thereby improving the processing efficiency and processing yield.

[0041] It should be noted that the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to grinding or polishing of the concave plane 310. It is understandable that in the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention, the grinding tool 120 can be a flat bottom tool or a round nose tool, or a grinding rod.

[0042] See also Figures 1 to 7 The equipment processing method for automatically compensating tool wear of the technical solution of the present invention adopts the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention; wherein the telescopic tool device is installed on the processing spindle 200 of the equipment; the equipment processing method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S100, obtaining the elastic system of the telescopic spring 130 and the expected cutting force required for machining the workpiece 300, so as to calculate and determine the compression displacement of the machining spindle 200;

[0044] S200, the machining spindle 200 is moved so that the grinding tool 120 contacts the machining plane of the workpiece 300, and the grinding tool 120 is moved toward the workpiece 300 according to the compressed displacement to compress the telescopic spring 130;

[0045] S300 , after determining that the initial compression amount of the telescopic spring 130 reaches the set value according to the detection feedback, the workpiece 300 is processed by the processing spindle 200 .

[0046] Specifically, first set the relevant parameters of the machining spindle 200 in the Z-axis displacement, for example, set: feed rate 350-550mm / min, cutting amount 0.005-0.01mm, spindle speed 3500-4500rpm, and then when the grinding tool 120 contacts the machining plane, continue to move the machining spindle 200 toward the workpiece 300, so that the grinding tool 120 is retracted into the tool sleeve 110, thereby compressing the telescopic spring 130. When the retraction amount of the grinding tool 120 (that is, the compression amount of the telescopic spring 130) reaches the set value, the machining spindle 200 processes the plane of the workpiece 300 through the grinding tool 120, and after completing the plane machining, perform the tool lifting operation to make the grinding tool 120 leave the machining plane.

[0047] It should be noted that the mathematical expression of Hooke's law is: F = -kΔx, where F is the reaction force (restoring force) of the spring, k is the elastic coefficient of the spring, Δx is the displacement of the spring from the equilibrium position, and the symbol - indicates that the direction of the force is opposite to the direction of the displacement. According to the above formula, when the spring reaction force F is equal to the cutting force, the initial compression of the spring (i.e., the initial value of Δx) can be calculated based on the expected cutting force and the elastic coefficient k. During the processing, as the grinding tool 120 wears, the telescopic spring 130 will push the grinding tool 120 to extend. At this time, the compression of the telescopic spring 130 is also reduced, that is, the value of Δx is also reduced. Under the condition that the elastic system k is constant, the spring reaction force F is also reduced, which leads to a reduction in cutting force. Here, the above-mentioned reduction in cutting force is recorded as the first reduction, and the reduction in cutting force caused by tool wear in the traditional existing tool device without telescopic function is recorded as the second reduction. The reaction force of the telescopic spring 130 in the embodiment of the present invention can offset part of the reduction in cutting force to a certain extent, that is, under the same tool wear state, the value of the first reduction mentioned above will be smaller than the value of the second reduction, so that when the cutting amount error threshold is required to be the same, the telescopic tool device in the embodiment of the present invention is used, because the reaction force of the telescopic spring 130 can offset part of the reduction in cutting force, that is, reduce the speed of cutting force reduction, thereby reducing the frequency of the numerical control system adjusting the cutting amount, and even in some processing conditions, such as when the compression of the telescopic spring 130 is large enough relative to the cutting amount error threshold, the entire processing process does not require the system to adjust the cutting amount. In addition, in the telescopic tool device in the embodiment of the present invention, the extension amount of the grinding tool 120 changes with the change of the force at the contact point, and sensitive elastic adjustment can be achieved, which is conducive to improving the processing effect.

[0048] In some embodiments, in the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention, the tool sleeve 110 is provided with a sleeve 111 and an adjustment rod 112 for adjusting the compression amount of the grinding tool 120, the adjustment rod 112 is movably connected to one end of the sleeve 111, and the adjustment rod 112 is connected to the telescopic spring 130. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The telescopic spring 130 is arranged in the inner cavity of the sleeve 111, a grinding tool 120 is inserted into one end of the inner cavity of the sleeve 111, and the other end of the inner cavity of the sleeve 111 is movably connected to the adjusting rod 112, and the two ends of the telescopic spring 130 are respectively connected to the grinding tool 120 and the adjusting rod 112. By adjusting the position of the adjusting rod 112 in the sleeve 111, adjusting the insertion depth of the telescopic spring 130 in the inner cavity of the sleeve 111, and adjusting the size of the space in the sleeve 111 for accommodating the telescopic spring 130, the adjustable range of the compression amount of the telescopic spring 130 can be adjusted.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, the adjusting rod 112 of the embodiment of the present invention is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 111. Further, the adjusting rod 112 is a screw plug push rod. Figure 1 The inner cavity of the sleeve 111 includes a first channel and a second channel, the first channel is wider than the second channel, and the width of the second channel is slightly larger than the diameter of the grinding tool 120. One end of the grinding tool 120 enters one end of the first channel through the second channel and is connected to the adjusting rod 112, and the other end of the first channel is threadedly connected to the adjusting rod 112. When the adjusting rod 112 is rotated, the adjusting rod 112 moves toward the grinding tool 120, and the space between the adjusting rod 112 and the grinding tool 120 for accommodating the telescopic spring 130 is reduced. When the adjusting rod 112 is rotated in the opposite direction, the adjusting rod 112 moves away from the grinding tool 120, and the space between the adjusting rod 112 and the grinding tool 120 for accommodating the telescopic spring 130 is increased. Therefore, the adjustable range of the compression amount of the grinding tool 120 and the telescopic spring 130 can be adjusted by the adjusting rod 112 according to the size and type of the tool and the processing requirements, and then the compression force of the grinding tool 120 during the processing is adjusted, so that the telescopic tool device can meet the cutting force required for the processing of the workpiece 300.

[0050] In some embodiments, the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a limit rod 140 and a limit slot 113 for limiting the displacement of the grinding tool 120. The limit slot 113 is provided on the tool sleeve 110; the limit rod 140 is passed through the limit slot 113 to connect with the grinding tool 120. Figure 1 and Figure 2The limiting slot 113 is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve 111 of the tool sleeve 110, one end of the limiting rod 140 is connected to the grinding tool 120, and the other end of the limiting rod 140 is arranged in the limiting slot 113. When the grinding tool 120 extends out or retracts into the tool sleeve 110, the grinding tool 120 drives the limiting rod 140 to move up and down in the limiting slot 113, and when the extension amount or retraction amount of the grinding tool 120 exceeds the threshold value, the limiting rod 140 will contact the lower inner wall or the upper inner wall of the limiting slot 113, so that the extension amount of the grinding tool 120 can be limited to a reasonable range through the cooperation of the limiting rod 140 and the limiting slot 113, which is conducive to avoiding the excessive extension and contraction of the grinding tool 120 and the telescopic spring 130.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, the limiting rod 140 of the embodiment of the present invention is a limiting bolt, and the limiting bolt is threadedly connected to the grinding tool 120, so that when the spindle drives the tool sleeve 110 to rotate, the grinding tool 120 can better follow the rotation, and the tool can be easily disassembled and replaced. Further, when the limiting rod 140 is installed on the grinding tool 120, the screw head of the limiting bolt is set in the limiting slot 113, and the screw head of the limiting bolt is spaced from the side wall of the limiting slot 113. When the machining spindle 200 drives the tool sleeve 110 to rotate, the side wall of the limiting slot 113 will contact the screw head of the limiting rod 140, so that the grinding tool 120 can rotate with the tool sleeve 110. At the same time, because the screw head of the limiting rod 140 does not have a locking sleeve 111, the screw head of the limiting rod 140 can slide in the limiting slot 113, so that the grinding tool 120 can extend or retract into the tool sleeve 110.

[0052] Specifically, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The bottom wall of the limiting slot 113 is provided with an elongated limiting through hole, the width of the limiting slot 113 is greater than the width of the limiting through hole, further, the width of the limiting slot 113 is greater than the screw head diameter of the limiting bolt, the width of the limiting through hole is greater than the screw diameter of the limiting bolt, and the grinding tool 120 is provided with a connecting through hole (see Figure 1 ). When the limiting rod 140 is inserted into the connecting through hole of the grinding tool 120 through the limiting through hole, the screw head of the limiting rod 140 can contact the bottom wall of the limiting through slot 113. By rotating the limiting rod 140 to adjust its insertion depth, the limiting bolt can move up and down in the limiting through slot 113, thereby not affecting the free telescopic movement of the grinding tool 120 within a suitable range, while ensuring that the grinding tool 120 can rotate with the tool sleeve 110 and the processing spindle 200. Furthermore, according to the processing requirements, the limiting bolt can be rotated so that the screw head of the limiting bolt contacts the bottom wall of the limiting through slot 113, that is, the limiting bolt is tightened to fix the extension amount of the grinding tool 120, so that the telescopic tool device of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a wider range, such as grinding, engraving and milling processing.

[0053] It can be understood that the width of the second channel of the sleeve 111 is slightly larger than the diameter of the grinding tool 120, so that the grinding tool 120 can move relative to the inner wall of the second channel, so that the grinding tool 120 can extend and retract into the tool sleeve 110 during the processing. At the same time, the grinding tool 120 and the sleeve 111 are connected by the limit rod 140, so that the grinding tool 120 rotates with the processing spindle 200, which is beneficial to ensure that when the grinding tool 120 is pressed on the surface of the workpiece, it can retract up and down and is not easy to cause the grinding tool 120 to tilt, which is beneficial to ensure that the grinding tool 120 remains in a vertical state during the processing. It should be noted that the retractable tool device of the present invention is mainly used for polishing and grinding concave and convex surfaces, and its requirements for processing cutting force and cutting accuracy are relatively low.

[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above implementation. As long as the technical effect of the present invention is achieved by the same means, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. All should belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Within the protection scope of the present invention, its technical scheme and / or implementation method can have various modifications and changes.

Claims

1. A telescopic tool device, characterized in that: Applied to equipment processing, including: A tool sleeve (110), a grinding tool (120), and a telescopic spring (130) for dynamically adjusting the extension amount of the grinding tool (120) during processing, wherein the telescopic spring (130) is arranged in the tool sleeve (110), one end of the grinding tool (120) is inserted into the tool sleeve (110), and two ends of the telescopic spring (130) are respectively connected to the tool sleeve (110) and the grinding tool (120).

2. The telescopic tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool sleeve (110) is provided with a sleeve (111) and an adjusting rod (112) for adjusting the compression amount of the grinding tool (120); the adjusting rod (112) is movably connected to one end of the sleeve (111); and the adjusting rod (112) is connected to the telescopic spring (130).

3. The telescopic tool device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting rod (112) is threadedly connected to one end of the sleeve (111).

4. The telescopic tool device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjusting rod (112) is a screw plug push rod.

5. The telescopic tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting rod (140) and a limiting slot (113) for limiting the displacement of the grinding tool (120); the limiting slot (113) is arranged on the tool sleeve (110); the limiting rod (140) passes through the limiting slot (113) to be connected to the grinding tool (120).

6. The telescopic tool device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting rod (140) is a limiting bolt, and the limiting bolt is threadedly connected to the grinding tool (120).

7. The telescopic tool device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The screw head of the limiting bolt is arranged in the limiting through groove (113).

8. The telescopic tool device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding tool (120) is a flat-bottomed tool or a round-nose tool.

9. A method for automatically compensating tool wear for equipment processing, using the telescopic tool device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; wherein: The telescopic tool device is installed on a processing spindle (200) of the equipment; the equipment processing method comprises the following steps: S100, obtaining the elastic system of the telescopic spring (130) and the expected cutting force required for machining the workpiece (300), so as to calculate and determine the compression displacement of the machining spindle (200); S200, moving the machining spindle (200) so that the grinding tool (120) contacts the machining plane of the workpiece (300), and moving the grinding tool (120) toward the workpiece (300) according to the amount of compression displacement to compress the telescopic spring (130); S300, after determining, based on detection feedback, that the initial compression amount of the telescopic spring (130) reaches a set value, moving the machining spindle (200) to perform workpiece machining.

10. The equipment processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The processing plane of the workpiece (300) is an inner concave surface.

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