Rapid lofting and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement and drilling and blasting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid lofting and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement and a drilling and blasting method, and relates to the field of tunnel construction technology.The rapid lofting and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement comprises a lifting frame, and a mounting table is arranged at the top of the lifting frame; the mounting table is provided with a projection light source and a light-transmitting template, the light-transmitting template is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes, the light-transmitting holes in the light-transmitting template form a light-transmitting hole system, and the light-transmitting hole system can enable light rays of the projection light source to form a light spot dot matrix for drilling and positioning on an excavation face of a tunnel. The light of the projection light source is used for forming the light spot dot matrix in a certain proportional relation with the light holes on the excavation face of the tunnel, and the lofting and hole arranging efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement rapid layout positioning device and a drilling and blasting method. Background Art

[0002] The full name of drilling and blasting construction is "drilling and blasting construction". It refers to a construction method that uses explosives to break up the rock mass and create a cavern. Excavation using the drilling and blasting method usually includes the following processes: drilling, charging and blasting, and slag removal and site clearing.

[0003] In order to ensure that the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel meet the design requirements and are not over-excavated or under-excavated, and that the tunnel is not crooked, it is necessary to accurately measure and arrange the holes. When measuring and arranging holes, under the guidance of the measuring instrument, the positions of the holes are marked on the excavated cross-section by hand with paint, etc., for use by the drilling rig to locate the holes. Although the measurement and arrangement of holes using the measuring instrument is accurate, the efficiency is low, and it takes a long time in the regular cycle of the processes such as measuring, setting out and arranging holes for the tunnel drilling and blasting mucking. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the measurement and hole arrangement efficiency during tunnel drilling and blasting and reduce the measurement and hole arrangement time, the present application provides a tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement rapid layout and positioning device and a drilling and blasting method.

[0005] The present application provides a tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout positioning device and a drilling and blasting method using the following technical solutions: A rapid layout and positioning device for drilling and blasting holes in a tunnel comprises a lifting frame, wherein a mounting platform is provided on the top of the lifting frame; the mounting platform is provided with a projection light source and a light-transmitting template, wherein the light-transmitting template is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes, wherein the light-transmitting holes on the light-transmitting template form a light-transmitting hole system, and the light-transmitting hole system enables the light of the projection light source to form a light spot array for drilling hole positioning on the excavation surface of the tunnel.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, when using the layout and positioning device to arrange holes, the layout and positioning device is set up on the central axis of the ground of the tunnel, and then the projection light source is lit, so that the light of the projection light source passes through the light-transmitting holes on the light-transmitting template and is projected onto the excavation surface of the tunnel. The light of the projection light source forms a light spot array on the excavation surface of the tunnel that is in a certain proportional relationship with the light-transmitting holes, so that the staff can drill directly at the center of the light spot, or mark the light spot before drilling; by using the layout and positioning device to layout holes, the efficiency of layout and hole arrangement can be improved.

[0007] Optionally, the lifting frame includes a base and a lifting drive member, and the lower end of the lifting drive member is connected to the base; the mounting table includes a table top and a rotating seat, the rotating seat is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lifting drive member, the rotation center line between the rotating seat and the lifting drive member is parallel to the driving direction of the lifting drive member, and there is friction damping between the rotating seat and the lifting drive member; a ball hinge structure is connected between the table top and the rotating seat, and a damping structure is connected between the table top and the rotating seat, and the damping structure is used to hinder the rotation of the ball hinge structure; the projection light source and the light-transmitting template are installed on the upper surface of the table top.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting drive can drive the installation platform to rise and fall, so that the height of the projection light source is consistent with the height of the center of each drilling hole position on the excavation surface. The table plate of the installation platform is connected to the rotating seat through a ball hinge structure, so that the table plate can be rotated and adjusted to a horizontal state. After the position of the table plate is rotated and adjusted, it can remain stable under the action of the damping structure. The installation platform is rotatably connected to the lifting drive through the rotating seat, so that the installation table plate can be rotated around the vertical axis, so as to rotate the light-transmitting template to a state where it is parallel to the vertical excavation surface.

[0009] Optionally, the damping structure includes a first fixed plate, a second fixed plate and an elastic damping member, the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are located between the table plate and the rotating seat, the first fixed plate is vertically fixedly connected to the lower surface of the table plate, the second fixed plate is vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat, the elastic damping member is located between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate, and the elastic damping member has friction damping with the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate respectively.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the table is rotated to adjust, the relative position between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate changes, and the friction damping between the elastic damping member and the first fixed plate, and the friction damping between the elastic damping member and the second fixed plate can keep the relative position between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate stable, thereby keeping the position of the table stable.

[0011] Optionally, the platform is provided with a linear module, the projection light source is connected to the platform via the linear module, and the linear module is perpendicular to the light-transmitting template.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the projection light source can be moved closer to or away from the light-transmitting template, thereby adjusting the scaling ratio of the light spot array projected by the projection light source on the excavation surface of the tunnel, so as to adjust the position accuracy of the light spot array.

[0013] Optionally, the light-transmitting template is provided with a light-transmitting sheet, the light-transmitting sheet is overlapped with the light-transmitting template, the light-transmitting sheet is provided with a plurality of light-shielding lines, and the light-shielding lines are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the light-transmitting holes.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the light of the projection light source is projected onto the excavation surface of the tunnel through the light-transmitting sheet to form a light spot, and the shading line can form a shadow at the light spot, so that the staff can more accurately locate the drilling hole. By setting the shading line on the shading sheet, the light transmission intensity of the light-transmitting hole can be increased while the accuracy of drilling hole positioning can be guaranteed as much as possible.

[0015] Optionally, the light-transmitting template is provided with a centering light-transmitting hole, and the centering light-transmitting hole is located at the center of the light-transmitting hole system.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, before using the layout positioning device to arrange the holes, the center points of each drill hole are first determined on the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the center mark is made; the projection light source can form a centering light spot on the excavation surface of the tunnel through the centering light-transmitting hole, and by making the centering light spot coincide with the mark of the center point of the drill hole vacancy, the accuracy of the height position of the projection light source can be guaranteed.

[0017] Optionally, four calibration light-transmitting holes are provided at the lower portion of the light-transmitting template, and the four calibration light-transmitting holes are distributed in a rectangular shape.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, four calibrated light-transmitting holes can form a rectangular light spot array on the outer excavation surface of the tunnel. By measuring the length and width of the rectangular light spot array, the angle of the mounting platform can be calibrated, which is beneficial to ensure the parallelism between the light-transmitting template and the tunnel excavation surface.

[0019] Optionally, the mounting platform is provided with a light shield, and the light shield is used to cover the projection light source. A light-transmitting opening is provided on one side of the light shield, and the light-transmitting template shields the light-transmitting opening.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the light shield can make the light of the projection light source shine more toward the light-transmitting template, and reduce the influence of the light of the projection light source on the visual effect of the light spot array on the excavation surface.

[0021] Optionally, the mounting table is fixedly provided with a plate frame, the upper frame bar of the plate frame is provided with a plug-in seam, the plug-in seam is set to pass through from top to bottom, the lower frame bar of the plate frame is provided with a positioning plug-in seam, the lower edge of the light-transmitting template is plugged into the positioning plug-in seam, and the upper edge of the light-transmitting template passes through the plug-in seam; the light-transmitting template includes a first light-transmitting template and a second light-transmitting template, the light-transmitting holes on the first light-transmitting template and the light-transmitting holes on the second light-transmitting template are both slit-shaped and correspond one to one, and the length direction of the light-transmitting holes on the first light-transmitting template and the length direction of the corresponding light-transmitting holes on the second light-transmitting template intersect with each other.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the light-transmitting holes on the first light-transmitting template and the light-transmitting holes on the second light-transmitting template can both enable the projection light source to project a narrow and long light spot on the excavation surface of the tunnel. By replacing the first light-transmitting template and the second light-transmitting template in turn, and marking corresponding shapes on the excavation surface of the tunnel according to the light spot, so that the marks drawn before and after form a cross point, a high-precision hole position can be obtained; and the slit-shaped light-transmitting hole can provide a large light-transmitting area, thereby ensuring a large light intensity for easy visual identification. The light-transmitting template is installed on the table through a plate frame, so that the light-transmitting template can be detachably installed and the stability of the installation state of the light-transmitting template can be ensured.

[0023] A tunnel drilling and blasting method comprises the following steps: measuring and drawing a central axis on the ground of the tunnel; measuring and drawing a distance marking line perpendicular to the central axis on the ground of the tunnel with the excavation surface as a reference; installing and placing any of the above-mentioned tunnel drilling and blasting hole arrangement rapid layout positioning devices in the tunnel, and positioning using the central axis and the distance marking line; lighting a projection light source, and drawing drilling points using the dot matrix light spots projected by the projection light source on the tunnel excavation surface; drilling holes on the tunnel excavation surface, loading explosives, and performing blasting excavation.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the center axis and distance marking lines are drawn on the ground of the tunnel to form vertically crossed alignment marks, so as to facilitate the installation of the tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout positioning device. The tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout positioning device is used to determine the drilling position on the tunnel excavation surface, which is conducive to efficient and accurate drilling positioning.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When using the layout positioning device to arrange holes, the light of the projection light source passes through the light-transmitting holes on the light-transmitting template and is projected onto the excavation surface of the tunnel. The light of the projection light source forms a light spot array on the excavation surface of the tunnel that is in a certain proportional relationship with the light-transmitting holes, so that the staff can drill directly at the center of the light spot, or drill after marking the light spot, which can improve the efficiency of layout and hole arrangement.

[0026] 2. The four calibration light-transmitting holes can form a rectangular light spot array on the outer excavation surface of the tunnel. By measuring the length and width of the rectangular light spot array, the angle of the mounting platform can be calibrated, which is beneficial to ensure the parallelism between the light-transmitting template and the tunnel excavation surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1.

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Magnified view at A in the middle.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of the separation state between the light-transmitting template and the light-transmitting sheet in Example 1.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the first light-transmitting plate of Example 2.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first light-transmitting plate of Example 2.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second light-transmitting plate of Example 2.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the plate frame of Example 2.

[0034] Description of reference numerals: 1. Lifting frame; 11. Base; 111. Midpoint scale mark; 12. Lifting drive; 13. Adapter seat; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Guide column and guide sleeve assembly; 2. Mounting table; 21. Table; 22. Rotating seat; 23. Ball hinge structure; 231. Connecting column; 232. Connecting sleeve; 233. Ball hinge bearing; 24. Damping structure; 241. First fixing plate; 242. Second fixing plate; 243. Elastic damping member; 2431. Compression spring; 2432, damping plate; 2433, avoidance hole; 244, positioning column; 3, projection light source; 31, linear module; 4, light-transmitting template; 401, first light-transmitting template; 402, second light-transmitting template; 41, light-transmitting hole; 42, centering light-transmitting hole; 43, calibration light-transmitting hole; 44, chamfer; 5, light-shielding hood; 51, light-transmitting opening; 6, plate frame; 61, plug-in seam; 62, positioning plug-in seam; 7, light-transmitting sheet; 71, light-shielding cursor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is combined with Figure 1-7 This application is described in further detail.

[0036] Example 1 The present application embodiment discloses a rapid layout and positioning device for drilling and blasting holes in a tunnel. Figure 1 The fast layout and positioning device for drilling and blasting holes in a tunnel comprises a lifting frame 1, and a mounting platform 2 is arranged on the top of the lifting frame 1; the mounting platform 2 is provided with a projection light source 3 and a light-transmitting template 4, and the light-transmitting template 4 is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes 41, and the light-transmitting holes 41 on the light-transmitting template 4 form a light-transmitting hole 41 system, and the light-transmitting hole 41 system can make the light of the projection light source 3 form a light spot array for drilling positioning on the excavation surface of the tunnel. The mounting platform 2 is provided with a light shield 5, and the light shield 5 covers the projection light source 3, and a light-transmitting opening 51 is arranged on one side of the light shield 5, and the light-transmitting template 4 shields the light-transmitting opening 51.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 The lifting frame 1 includes a base 11 and a lifting drive 12. The base 11 is a rectangular structure. The long side and the short side of the base 11 are both provided with midpoint scale marks 111. The lower end of the lifting drive 12 is connected to the base 11. The lifting drive 12 is specifically an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder. The mounting platform 2 includes a table 21 and a rotating seat 22. The projection light source 3, the light-transmitting template 4 and the light shield 5 are installed on the upper surface of the table 21. The upper end of the lifting drive 12 is provided with an adapter seat 13. The adapter seat 13 is provided with a rotating shaft 14. The rotating shaft 14 is parallel to the driving direction of the lifting drive 12. The rotating seat 22 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 14. There is friction damping between the rotating seat 22 and the rotating shaft 14. Four guide column and guide sleeve assemblies 15 are connected between the adapter seat 13 and the base 11. The guide column and guide sleeve assemblies 15 are parallel to the driving direction of the lifting drive 12.

[0038] The mounting platform 2 can rotate around the rotating shaft 14 so as to rotate the light-transmitting template 4 to a state parallel to the tunnel excavation surface. The friction damping between the rotating seat 22 and the rotating shaft 14 can keep the position of the mounting platform 2 stable after rotation.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 A ball hinge structure 23 is connected between the table 21 and the rotating seat 22. The ball hinge structure 23 includes a connecting column 231, a connecting sleeve 232 and a ball hinge bearing 233. The connecting column 231 and the connecting sleeve 232 are connected via the ball hinge bearing 233. One end of the connecting column 231 away from the ball hinge bearing 233 is fixedly connected to the table 21, and one end of the connecting sleeve 232 away from the ball hinge bearing 233 is fixedly connected to the rotating seat 22.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2Two damping structures 24 are connected between the table 21 and the rotating seat 22. The two damping structures 24 are respectively located on both sides of the ball hinge structure 23. The damping structure 24 includes a first fixed plate 241, a second fixed plate 242 and an elastic damping member 243. The first fixed plate 241 and the second fixed plate 242 are located between the table 21 and the rotating seat 22. The first fixed plate 241 is vertically fixedly connected to the lower surface of the table 21, and the second fixed plate 242 is vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat 22. The elastic damping member 243 is located between the first fixed plate 241 and the second fixed plate 242. The elastic damping member 243 has friction damping with the first fixed plate 241 and the second fixed plate 242 respectively. The elastic damping member 243 in this embodiment is a compression spring 2431, which is in a compressed state. Damping plates 2432 are respectively provided at both ends of the compression spring 2431, one of the damping plates 2432 abuts against the first fixed plate 241, and the other damping plate 2432 abuts against the second fixed plate 242, and the damping plates 2432 form friction damping with the first fixed plate 241 and the second fixed plate 242 respectively.

[0041] The first fixing plate 241 and the second fixing plate 242 are both provided with positioning posts 244. The two positioning posts 244 correspond to two damping plates 2432 respectively. The damping plates 2432 are provided with avoidance holes 2433 for avoiding the positioning posts 244. The aperture of the avoidance holes 2433 is larger than the diameter of the positioning posts 244. The two positioning posts 244 pass through the corresponding avoidance holes 2433 respectively.

[0042] The table 21 can be rotated and adjusted through the ball hinge structure 23 so that the table 21 rotates to a horizontal state. After the table 21 is rotated and adjusted, the friction damping between the damping plate 2432 and the first fixed plate 241 and the second fixed plate 242 respectively can keep the position of the table 21 stable.

[0043] It is worth mentioning that when the tunnel is excavated on an inclined surface, a wedge block with an inclination angle corresponding to the tunnel face can be placed on the surface of the platform 21, and a level bubble can be placed on the wedge block. The inclination of the platform 21 can be adjusted in combination with the level bubble, so that the platform 21 can be adjusted to an angle perpendicular to the tunnel face.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 The light-transmitting template 4 is provided with a centering light-transmitting hole 42, which is located at the center of the light-transmitting hole 41 system. The centering light-transmitting hole 42 can be used to calibrate the height position of the mounting platform 2. The lower part of the light-transmitting template 4 is provided with four calibration light-transmitting holes 43, and the four calibration light-transmitting holes 43 are distributed in a rectangular shape. The four calibration light-transmitting holes 43 can project a rectangular light spot array on the excavation surface of the tunnel. By measuring the length and width of the rectangular light spot array, the parallelism between the light-transmitting template 4 and the excavation surface of the tunnel can be determined, which can be used as the adjustment basis of the rotating seat 22 and the adjustment basis of the table 21.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 The projection light source 3 is connected to the platform 21 through a linear module 31, and the driving direction of the linear module 31 is perpendicular to the light-transmitting template 4. The projection light source 3 can be moved closer to or away from the light-transmitting template 4, thereby adjusting the scale ratio of the light spot array projected by the projection light source 3 on the excavation surface of the tunnel, so as to adjust the position accuracy of the light spot array.

[0046] The table 21 is fixedly provided with a plate frame 6, which is an aluminum alloy or plastic structure, and the light-transmitting template 4 is installed on the inner side of the plate frame 6. The light-transmitting template 4 is installed on the table 21 through the plate frame 6, so that the installation state of the light-transmitting template 4 can be kept stable.

[0047] Reference Figure 3 The light-transmitting template 4 is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting sheets 7, which are arranged one by one with the light-transmitting holes 41. A light-shielding line 71 is arranged at the center of the light-transmitting sheet 7, and the light-shielding line 71 is in a cross shape, an X shape, or a cross shape. The light-shielding line 71 can form a shadow at the light spot, so that the staff can perform drilling positioning more accurately. By arranging the light-shielding line on the light-shielding sheet, the light transmission intensity of the light-transmitting hole 41 can be increased while the accuracy of drilling positioning can be guaranteed as much as possible.

[0048] The working principle of a fast layout and positioning device for drilling and blasting holes in a tunnel according to the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when using the layout and positioning device to layout holes, the layout and positioning device is set up on the central axis of the ground of the tunnel, and then the projection light source 3 is lit, so that the light of the projection light source 3 passes through the light-transmitting hole 41 on the light-transmitting template 4 and is projected onto the excavation surface of the tunnel. According to the projection point of the centering light-transmitting hole 42, the height position of the mounting platform 2 is adjusted, and according to the rectangular light spot array of the projection points of the four calibration light-transmitting holes 43, the state of the mounting platform 2 is adjusted to adjust the parallelism between the light-transmitting template 4 and the excavation surface of the tunnel. The light of the projection light source 3 forms a light spot array on the excavation surface of the tunnel that is in a certain proportional relationship with the light-transmitting hole 41, so that the staff can drill directly at the center of the light spot, or drill after marking the light spot; by using the layout and positioning device to layout holes, the efficiency of layout and layout can be improved.

[0049] This embodiment also discloses a tunnel drilling and blasting method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Taking the inner walls of both sides of the tunnel as reference, make several midpoint marks along the width of the tunnel on the ground of the tunnel, and based on the midpoint marks, measure and draw the central axis on the ground of the tunnel; Step 2, taking the excavation surface as the reference, measure and draw a distance marking line perpendicular to the central axis on the ground of the tunnel; Step 3, installing the above-mentioned tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout positioning device in the tunnel, and using the central axis and the distance marking line for positioning, that is, aligning the midpoint scale mark 111 on the base 11 of the tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout positioning device with the central axis and the distance marking line; Step 4, lighting up the projection light source 3, and using the dot matrix light spots projected by the projection light source 3 on the tunnel excavation surface to draw the drilling points; Step 5, drilling holes on the excavation surface of the tunnel, loading explosives, and conducting blasting excavation.

[0050] Example 2 Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the upper frame strip of the plate frame 6 is provided with a plug-in seam 61, and the plug-in seam 61 is set through from top to bottom, and the lower frame strip of the plate frame 6 is provided with a positioning plug-in seam 62, the lower edge of the light-transmitting template 4 is plugged with the positioning plug-in seam 62, and the upper edge of the light-transmitting template 4 passes through the plug-in seam 61.

[0051] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The light-transmitting template 4 includes a first light-transmitting template 401 and a second light-transmitting template 402. The light-transmitting holes 41 on the first light-transmitting template 401 and the light-transmitting holes 41 on the second light-transmitting template 402 are both slit-shaped and correspond one to one. The length direction of the light-transmitting holes 41 on the first light-transmitting template 401 and the length direction of the corresponding light-transmitting holes 41 on the second light-transmitting template 402 intersect with each other.

[0052] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 A chamfer is provided between the lower side of the light-transmitting template 4 and the two vertical sides, and the inner surfaces at both ends of the plug-in seam 61 are adapted to the two guide angles 44. When the lower part of the light-transmitting plate is inserted into the plug-in seam 61, the two chamfers simultaneously abut against the inner surfaces at both ends of the plug-in seam 61, so that the light-transmitting plate is positioned along the width direction.

[0053] The light-transmitting holes 41 on the first light-transmitting template 401 and the light-transmitting holes 41 on the second light-transmitting template 402 can both enable the projection light source 3 to project a narrow and long light spot on the excavation surface of the tunnel. By replacing the first light-transmitting template 401 and the second light-transmitting template 402 in succession, and marking corresponding shapes on the excavation surface of the tunnel according to the light spots, so that the marks marked before and after form an intersection, a higher precision hole position can be obtained; and the slit-shaped light-transmitting hole 41 can provide a larger light-transmitting area, thereby ensuring a larger light intensity for easy visual identification.

[0054] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A rapid layout and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting holes, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lifting frame (1), wherein a mounting platform (2) is provided on the top of the lifting frame (1); the mounting platform (2) is provided with a projection light source (3) and a light-transmitting template (4); the light-transmitting template (4) is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting holes (41); the light-transmitting holes (41) on the light-transmitting template (4) form a light-transmitting hole (41) system; the light-transmitting hole (41) system enables the light of the projection light source (3) to form a light spot array for drilling positioning on the excavation surface of the tunnel.

2. A tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting frame (1) comprises a base (11) and a lifting drive member (12), wherein the lower end of the lifting drive member (12) is connected to the base (11); the mounting platform (2) comprises a table plate (21) and a rotating seat (22), wherein the rotating seat (22) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lifting drive member (12), wherein a rotation centerline between the rotating seat (22) and the lifting drive member (12) is parallel to a driving direction of the lifting drive member (12), and there is friction damping between the rotating seat (22) and the lifting drive member (12); a ball hinge structure (23) is connected between the table plate (21) and the rotating seat (22), and a damping structure (24) is connected between the table plate (21) and the rotating seat (22), wherein the damping structure (24) is used to hinder the rotation of the ball hinge structure (23); the projection light source (3) and the light-transmitting template (4) are mounted on the upper surface of the table plate (21).

3. A tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The damping structure (24) comprises a first fixing plate (241), a second fixing plate (242) and an elastic damping member (243); the first fixing plate (241) and the second fixing plate (242) are located between the table plate (21) and the rotating seat (22); the first fixing plate (241) is vertically fixedly connected to the lower surface of the table plate (21); the second fixing plate (242) is vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the rotating seat (22); the elastic damping member (243) is located between the first fixing plate (241) and the second fixing plate (242); and the elastic damping member (243) has friction damping with the first fixing plate (241) and the second fixing plate (242), respectively.

4. A tunnel drilling and blasting hole rapid layout and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The platform (21) is provided with a linear module (31), the projection light source (3) is connected to the platform (21) via the linear module (31), and the linear module (31) is perpendicular to the light-transmitting template (4).

5. The device for rapid layout and positioning of tunnel drilling and blasting holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-transmitting template (4) is provided with a light-transmitting sheet (7), the light-transmitting sheet (7) being arranged in an overlapping manner with the light-transmitting template (4), the light-transmitting sheet (7) being provided with a plurality of light-shielding lines (71), the light-shielding lines (71) being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the light-transmitting holes (41).

6. The rapid layout and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting holes according to claim 1 is characterized by: The light-transmitting template (4) is provided with a centering light-transmitting hole (42), and the centering light-transmitting hole (42) is located at the center of the light-transmitting hole (41) system.

7. The rapid layout and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting holes according to claim 1 is characterized by: Four calibration light-transmitting holes (43) are provided at the lower part of the light-transmitting template (4), and the four calibration light-transmitting holes (43) are distributed in a rectangular shape.

8. The rapid layout and positioning device for tunnel drilling and blasting holes according to claim 1 is characterized by: The mounting platform (2) is provided with a light shield (5), the light shield (5) being used to shield the projection light source (3), a light-transmitting opening (51) being provided on one side of the light shield (5), and the light-transmitting template (4) shielding the light-transmitting opening (51).

9. The device for rapid layout and positioning of tunnel drilling and blasting holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting platform (2) is fixedly provided with a plate frame (6); an upper frame strip of the plate frame (6) is provided with an insertion seam (61), the insertion seam (61) is arranged to pass through from top to bottom; a lower frame strip of the plate frame (6) is provided with a positioning insertion seam (62); a lower edge of the light-transmitting template (4) is plugged into the positioning insertion seam (62), and an upper edge of the light-transmitting template (4) passes through the insertion seam (61); the light-transmitting template (4) comprises a first light-transmitting template (401) and a second light-transmitting template (402); the light-transmitting holes (41) on the first light-transmitting template (401) and the light-transmitting holes (41) on the second light-transmitting template (402) are both slit-shaped and correspond to each other; the length direction of the light-transmitting holes (41) on the first light-transmitting template (401) and the length direction of the corresponding light-transmitting holes (41) on the second light-transmitting template (402) intersect each other.

10. A tunnel drilling and blasting method, characterized in that: The steps include: Measure and draw the centerline on the tunnel floor; Taking the excavation surface as the reference, measure and draw distance marking lines perpendicular to the central axis on the ground of the tunnel; A fast layout and positioning device for drilling and blasting holes in a tunnel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is installed in the tunnel and positioned using the central axis and distance marking lines; Lighting up the projection light source (3), and using the dot matrix light spots projected by the projection light source (3) on the tunnel excavation surface to draw the drilling points; Drill holes on the excavation surface of the tunnel, load explosives, and carry out blasting excavation.

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