Vehicle tail end structural member positioning method and positioning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle tail end structural member positioning method and device, and the positioning method comprises the steps: enabling the mounting holes of two tail end structural members to be coaxially arranged, and enabling the bottom planes of the two tail end structural members to be located on the same plane; the distance between the two tail end structural parts is adjusted to meet the positioning requirement, and the two tail end structural parts are locked to be relatively fixed; the tail end structural parts are placed at the tail end of the vehicle, the two tail end structural parts are arranged on the two sides of the longitudinal center line of the vehicle chassis correspondingly, and the bottom planes of the tail end structural parts are attached to the upper surface of the vehicle chassis; positioning points are arranged on the axes of the two mounting holes and on the two sides of the midpoint of the axes respectively, so that the distances between the two positioning points and the midpoint of the axes are equal; determining coordinates of the two positioning points; determining coordinates of a chassis lower fulcrum; calculating the distance between each positioning point and the chassis lower fulcrum in the longitudinal direction of the axle through the coordinates, and adjusting the position until the distances are equal. The problem that the adjustability is poor when the tail end structural part is positioned is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical assembly, and in particular to a method and a device for positioning a rear end structural member of a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The structural parts on the chassis of large special vehicles are used for vehicle assembly and need to be pre-welded to the chassis before the overall assembly of the vehicle. Among them, the positioning of the rear-end structural parts before welding is a key link in the overall assembly of the vehicle. The positioning accuracy is high and has a great impact on the subsequent assembly tasks of the vehicle and the performance of the vehicle.

[0003] See attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tail end structural parts that need to be positioned on the chassis are usually arranged in pairs of two and have a variety of different shapes and structures, but each structural part has a rigid surface, so it is represented by two rectangular blocks in the attached figure. In the traditional assembly process, in order to meet the positioning requirements of the tail end structural parts, the overall process equipment method is usually adopted. This method adopts a set of overall process equipment, namely tooling, to realize the positioning of the tail end structural parts, combined with the attached Figure 3 When positioning is performed through the tooling, the pressure plate and the matching bolts match each other, the tail end structural parts are clamped by the pressure plate and the bolts, and the tooling is placed at a specific position on the chassis to achieve the compression positioning of the structural parts.

[0004] The overall process equipment method is generally applicable to the upper positioning of the rear-end structural parts of vehicles with relatively fixed technical status in large-scale production. In this case, the position of the rear-end structural parts of each vehicle will only change slightly, so the tooling only needs to be slightly adjusted during positioning. However, in small-scale production of some vehicles with changeable technical status, the positioning dimensions of the rear-end structural parts will change greatly, exceeding the adjustment range of the tooling, resulting in the need to redesign the tooling. The tooling structure of the overall process equipment method is complex, large, and difficult to manufacture, which increases production costs and reduces assembly efficiency.

[0005] It can be seen that the overall process equipment method has problems such as poor adjustability, high cost and low assembly efficiency, and it needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and a device for positioning a vehicle rear end structural member, so as to solve the problems of poor adjustability, high cost and low assembly efficiency when positioning a vehicle rear end structural member.

[0007] A method for positioning a vehicle rear end structural member disclosed in the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. The mounting holes of the two tail end structural members are coaxially arranged so that the bottom planes of the two tail end structural members are located on the same plane;

[0009] S2. After adjusting the distance between the two tail end structural members to meet the positioning requirements, the two tail end structural members are locked so as to be fixed relative to each other;

[0010] S3. Place the tail end structure at the rear end of the vehicle so that the two tail end structure members are located on both sides of the longitudinal center line of the vehicle chassis, and the bottom plane of the tail end structure members is attached to the upper surface of the vehicle chassis;

[0011] S4. Set a positioning point on each side of the midpoint of the axis of the two mounting holes, so that the two positioning points are equidistant from the midpoint of the axis;

[0012] S5. Establish a spatial rectangular coordinate system with the upper surface of the vehicle chassis as the xy plane, and determine the coordinates of the two positioning points;

[0013] S6, determining the coordinates of the lower fulcrum of the chassis;

[0014] S7, calculating the distance between each positioning point and the lower support point of the chassis in the longitudinal direction of the axle by using coordinates, and continuously adjusting the position of the rear end structural member until the distance between each positioning point and the lower support point of the chassis in the longitudinal direction of the axle is equal;

[0015] S8. Press the rear end structure onto the vehicle chassis.

[0016] Preferably, the distances between the two positioning points and the lower supporting point of the chassis are measured by laser.

[0017] Preferably, the mounting holes of the two tail end structural members are coaxially arranged by a positioning device.

[0018] Preferably, the two tail end structural members are locked by a positioning device so as to be fixed relative to each other.

[0019] Preferably, the rear end structure is pressed against the vehicle chassis by a positioning device.

[0020] A vehicle rear-end structural member positioning device disclosed in the present invention is applied to any of the above-mentioned positioning methods, including a positioning shaft, a clamping member and a support member, the positioning shaft including a coaxially arranged connecting portion and a screw portion, one screw portion is provided at each end of the connecting portion, the screw portion is provided with a nut for locking the rear-end structural member, the screw portion is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning hole is used to install a reflector of a laser tracker; the support member is installed on the vehicle chassis when positioning the rear-end structural member, and the clamping member is arranged between the support member and the positioning shaft, and is used to apply pressure on the support member and the positioning shaft.

[0021] Preferably, a positioning end surface is provided at the end of the connecting portion, and the tail end structural member can be clamped between the nut and the positioning end surface; the connecting portion has a supporting surface, which is a plane and is used to support the clamping member.

[0022] Preferably, the pressing member is a jack.

[0023] Preferably, a hoisting portion is provided on the support member.

[0024] The present invention discloses a method for positioning a vehicle rear end structural component, which uses any of the above-mentioned positioning devices and a laser tracker to position the rear end structural component, and includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. According to the spacing between the two tail end structural members required by the positioning requirements, select a positioning shaft with a connection portion having the same length as the positioning requirements;

[0026] S2. Install the two tail end structural members to be positioned on the two screw parts of the positioning shaft respectively, so that the screw parts pass through the mounting holes, and rotate the tail end structural members so that the bottom planes of the two tail end structural members are located on the same plane;

[0027] S3, locking the tail end structure onto the screw part through a nut;

[0028] S4. Install a reflector of a laser tracker in each of the two positioning holes, install the support member at the rear end of the vehicle, and then place the positioning shaft with the installed rear end structural member on the upper surface of the chassis at the rear end of the vehicle, so that the two rear end structural members are placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line, and the bottom plane of the rear end structural member is attached to the upper surface of the chassis;

[0029] S5. Install a reflector at each lower lug;

[0030] S6, installing the laser tracking head at any position above the upper surface of the chassis, and respectively measuring the vectors L1 and L2 of the two reflectors pointed by the laser tracking head to the positioning hole by the laser tracking head;

[0031] S7, respectively measuring the vectors L1' and L2' of the two reflectors pointed by the laser tracking head to the lower ear by using the laser tracking head;

[0032] S8, continuously fine-tune the position of the positioning axis 1 until the distance between the end points L1 and L1' along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is equal to the distance between the end points L1 and L1' along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle;

[0033] S9. Place the pressing member between the positioning shaft and the support member, and operate the pressing member to press against the positioning shaft and the support member respectively to press the rear end positioning member against the rear end of the vehicle.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The present invention uses a positioning device and a laser tracker to position the tail end structural member of a large special vehicle, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of the tail end structural member. The positioning shaft cooperates with the nut to realize the positioning and clamping of the lateral spacing of the tail end structural member, and the laser tracker cooperates with the positioning shaft to realize the precise positioning of the longitudinal size and symmetry of the tail end structural member. At the same time, the positioning shaft cooperates with the support member and the clamping member to realize the clamping of the tail end structural member, so that the bottom of the tail end structural member can be accurately positioned and reliably fixed during the welding process, thereby effectively ensuring the assembly quality and assembly efficiency of the tail end structural member.

[0036] Compared with traditional large-scale integrated tooling, the positioning device of the present invention is easier to produce and manufacture, and the positioning shaft can be made into a variety of different sizes and specifications, thereby significantly reducing the manufacturing cost of the process equipment and having stronger adaptability. The positioning efficiency is less affected by changes in the technical status of the vehicle chassis, thereby solving the problems of poor adjustability, high cost and low assembly efficiency when positioning the rear-end structural parts of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vehicle chassis and rear end structural parts;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The partial enlarged view at A in the middle is used to show the details of the tail end structure;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the traditional overall process equipment tooling;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle rear end structural member positioning device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the tail end structure is installed on the positioning device;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the positioning device of the present invention in combination with a laser tracker to position the tail end structure, from a first viewing angle;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the use of the positioning device of the present invention in combination with a laser tracker to position a tail end structure, from a second viewing angle.

[0045] Explanation of the reference numerals: 01, chassis; 011, longitudinal center line; 012, lower fulcrum of chassis; 013, lower support ear; 02, tail end structure; 021, mounting hole; 022, bottom plane; 03, laser tracking head; 04, reflector; 1, positioning axis; 11, connecting part; 111, supporting surface; 112, positioning end surface; 12, screw part; 121, gasket; 122, nut; 123, positioning hole; 2, clamping part; 3, supporting part; 31, supporting plate; 311, lifting part; 32, connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] The present invention discloses a method for positioning a vehicle tail end structural member, which is used to position two paired tail end structural members 02 at the tail end of a large special vehicle chassis 01, so that the two tail end structural members 02 are symmetrically arranged at a certain interval on both sides of a longitudinal center line 011 of the vehicle chassis 01, so as to be at an equal longitudinal distance from a lower support point 012 of the vehicle chassis. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the present invention, the vehicle chassis 01 is regarded as a structure symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal symmetry plane, the upper surface of the vehicle chassis 01 is an axisymmetric plane, the longitudinal centerline 011 is the centerline of the upper surface of the vehicle chassis 01, and the centerline is perpendicular to the axle, the chassis lower fulcrum 012 is the intersection of the axis of the lower support ear 013 of the chassis 01 and the longitudinal symmetry plane, wherein two lower support ears 013 are provided on the chassis 01, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the longitudinal symmetry plane, the axis of the lower support ear 013 is the common centerline of the two lower support ears 013, and the centerline is parallel to the vehicle axis, and the vehicle rear end is the edge of the chassis 01 away from the front of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction;

[0050] The two tail end structural members 02 are of the same rigid structure. A circular mounting hole 021 is provided on the tail end structural member 02 , and the tail end structural member 02 has a bottom plane 022 for being placed on the chassis 01 . When positioning, the bottom plane 022 of the tail end structural member 02 is attached to the upper surface of the chassis 01 .

[0051] A method for positioning a vehicle rear end structural member of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. The mounting holes 021 of the two tail end structural members 02 are coaxially arranged so that the two bottom planes 022 are located on the same plane;

[0053] S2. After adjusting the distance between the two tail end structural members 02 to meet the positioning requirements, the two tail end structural members 02 are locked so as to be fixed relative to each other;

[0054] S3, placing the tail end structure 02 at the tail end of the vehicle, so that the two tail end structure members 02 are placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line 011, and the bottom plane 022 of the tail end structure member 02 is attached to the upper surface of the vehicle chassis 01;

[0055] S4. On the axes of the two mounting holes 021, a positioning point is set on each side of the midpoint of the axis, and the two positioning points are equidistant from the midpoint of the axis;

[0056] S5, establishing a spatial rectangular coordinate system with the upper surface of the vehicle chassis 01 as the xy plane, and determining the coordinates of the two positioning points;

[0057] S6, determine the coordinates of the lower fulcrum 012 of the chassis;

[0058] S7, calculating the distance between each positioning point and the lower chassis support point 012 in the longitudinal direction of the axle by coordinates, and continuously adjusting the position of the rear end structural member until the distance between each positioning point and the lower chassis support point 012 in the longitudinal direction of the axle is equal;

[0059] S8, pressing the tail end structural member 02 onto the vehicle chassis 01. Thus, the positioning method of the vehicle tail end structural member 02 of the present invention is adopted to realize the positioning of the tail end structural member 02 at the rear end of the vehicle, and the tail end structural member 02 can be welded to the vehicle chassis 01 later.

[0060] Specifically, in the present invention, a vehicle tail end structural member positioning device and a laser tracker are used to position the tail end structural member 02;

[0061] Reference Figure 4 The present invention discloses a positioning device for a rear-end structural member of a vehicle, comprising a positioning shaft 1, a pressing member 2 and a supporting member 3. The positioning shaft 1 is used to relatively fix the rear-end structural member 02 coaxially. The supporting member 3 is installed at the rear end of the vehicle chassis 01. The pressing member 2 is used to press the rear-end structural member 02 onto the chassis 01. Specifically, the positioning shaft 1 comprises a connecting portion 11 and a screw portion 12 integrally arranged along the same axis. The connecting portion 11 is a long bar-shaped structure. Both ends of the connecting portion 11 have a positioning end face 112. The positioning end face 112 is a plane and perpendicular to the axis of the positioning shaft 1, and is used to limit the rear-end structural member. 02, the connecting part 11 also has a supporting surface 111, the supporting surface 111 is parallel to the axis of the positioning shaft 1, and the supporting surface 111 is used to support the clamping part 2; each positioning end surface 112 is respectively provided with the above-mentioned screw portion 12, and each screw portion 12 is respectively provided with a gasket 121 and a nut 122, the nut 122 is arranged on the outside of the gasket 121, and the nut 122 and the gasket 121 are used to lock the tail end structure 02; in addition, a positioning hole 123 is respectively provided at the center of the circle of the outer end surface of each screw portion 12, and the positioning hole 123 is used to install the reflector 04 of the laser tracker.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 In the present invention, the pressing member 2 adopts a jack, and at least two pressing members 2 are provided to ensure the balance of applied pressure. The pressing member 2 is arranged between the supporting surface 111 and the supporting member 3 to apply pressure between the two.

[0063] Reference Figure 4The support member 3 includes a support plate 31 and a connecting plate 32. Both the support plate 31 and the connecting plate 32 are long strips. Two connecting plates 32 are provided. The two connecting plates 32 are respectively provided on both sides of the support plate 31 and fixed to the support plate 31 through a connecting member, so that the support member 3 is an arched structure as a whole. Specifically, the connecting member can be a bolt and a nut 122, which are passed through the through holes preset on the support plate 31 and the connecting plate 32 to achieve the fixation between the support plate 31 and the connecting plate 32; when positioning the tail end structure 02, the support member 3 is pre-fixed at the rear end of the vehicle, two connecting plates 32 are arranged on both sides of the chassis 01 and fixed to the chassis 01 through connecting pieces, so that an arched space is formed between the lower part of the support plate 31 and the chassis 01, the positioning shaft 1 is arranged under the support plate 31, the supporting surface 111 of the positioning shaft 1 faces upward and faces the bottom surface of the support plate 31, and the pressing member 2 is arranged between the support plate 31 and the supporting surface 111; in order to facilitate the lifting of the support member 3, an annular lifting portion 311 is arranged on the upper surface of the support plate 31, which is convenient for the hook to be inserted for lifting.

[0064] The laser tracker is a prior art, and its main components include a laser tracking head 03 and a reflector 04. The laser tracking head 03 is used to emit laser light, and the reflector 04 is used to receive laser light. The reflector 04 is set on a movable object. The laser tracking head 03 can respond to the movement of multiple reflectors 04 while emitting laser light, and measure the distance between the laser tracking head 03 and the reflectors 04 in real time, thereby achieving tracking and ranging. In the present invention, when positioning the tail end structural member 02, a reflector 04 is installed in the positioning hole 123 on the end face of each screw portion 12.

[0065] Reference Figure 5-Figure 7 A further method for positioning the tail end structure 02 using the positioning device in combination with a laser tracker includes the following steps:

[0066] S1. According to the spacing between the two tail end structural members 02 required by the positioning requirement, a positioning shaft 1 is selected whose connecting portion 11 has the same length as the positioning requirement, so that after the two tail end structural members 02 are installed on the positioning shaft 1, the spacing between the two tail end structural members 02 meets the positioning requirement;

[0067] S2, respectively install the two tail end structural members 02 to be positioned on the two screw rod portions 12 of the positioning shaft 1, so that the screw rod portions 12 pass through the mounting holes 021, so that the two mounting holes 021 are coaxial, and the tail end structural members 02 are rotated so that the bottom planes 022 of the two tail end structural members 02 are located on the same plane;

[0068] S3, locking the tail end structure 02 on the screw part 12 through the gasket 121 and the nut 122, so that the tail end structure 02 is pressed against the positioning end surface 112;

[0069] S4. Install a reflector 04 in each of the two positioning holes 123, install the support member 3 at the rear end of the vehicle, and then place the positioning shaft 1 with the rear end structure member 02 installed on the upper surface of the chassis 01 at the rear end of the vehicle, so that the two rear end structures 02 are placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line 011, and the bottom plane 022 of the rear end structure member 02 is attached to the upper surface of the chassis 01;

[0070] S5. Install a reflector 04 at each lower lug 013;

[0071] S6, installing the laser tracking head 03 at any position above the upper surface of the chassis 01, and respectively measuring the vectors L1 and L2 of the two reflectors 04 of the laser tracking head 03 pointing to the positioning hole 123 through the laser tracking head 03;

[0072] S7, respectively measuring the vectors L1' and L2' of the two reflectors 04 of the lower lug 013 pointed by the laser tracking head 03;

[0073] S8. Continuously fine-tune the position of the positioning shaft 1. When the distance between the L1 end point and the L1' end point along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is equal to the distance between the L1 end point and the L1' end point along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, accurate positioning of the rear end positioning member can be achieved;

[0074] S9, place the pressing member 2, i.e., the jack, between the support surface 111 and the support plate 31, operate the pressing member 2 to respectively press against the support surface 111 and the support plate 31, and exert downward pressure on the positioning shaft 1 through the reaction force on the support surface 111, thereby pressing the tail end positioning member against the rear end of the vehicle. At this point, the positioning method of the vehicle tail end structural member 02 of the present invention is adopted to realize the positioning of the tail end structural member 02 at the rear end of the vehicle, and the tail end structural member 02 can be welded to the vehicle chassis 01 later.

[0075] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0076] The present invention utilizes a positioning device and a laser tracker to position the tail end structural member 02 of a large special vehicle, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of the tail end structural member 02, wherein the positioning shaft 1 and its gasket 121 and nut 122 realize the positioning and clamping of the lateral spacing of the tail end structural member 02, and the laser tracker cooperates with the positioning shaft 1 to realize the precise positioning of the longitudinal dimension and symmetry of the tail end structural member 02, and at the same time, the positioning shaft 1 cooperates with the support member 3 and the clamping member 2 to realize the clamping of the tail end structural member 02, so that the bottom of the tail end structural member 02 can be accurately positioned and reliably fixed during the welding process, thereby effectively ensuring the assembly quality and assembly efficiency of the tail end structural member 02, and compared with traditional large-scale integral tooling, the positioning device of the present invention is easier to produce and manufacture, and the positioning shaft 1 can be made into a variety of different sizes and specifications, thereby significantly reducing the manufacturing cost of the process equipment, and having stronger adaptability, and the positioning efficiency is less affected by changes in the technical status of the vehicle chassis 01, thereby solving the problems of poor adjustability, high cost and low assembly efficiency when positioning the vehicle tail end structural member 02.

[0077] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for positioning a rear end structural member of a vehicle, comprising the following steps: S1. The mounting holes of the two tail end structural members are coaxially arranged so that the bottom planes of the two tail end structural members are located on the same plane; S2. After adjusting the distance between the two tail end structural members to meet the positioning requirements, the two tail end structural members are locked so as to be fixed relative to each other; S3. Place the tail end structure at the rear end of the vehicle so that the two tail end structure members are located on both sides of the longitudinal center line of the vehicle chassis, and the bottom plane of the tail end structure members is attached to the upper surface of the vehicle chassis; S4. Set a positioning point on each side of the midpoint of the axis of the two mounting holes, so that the two positioning points are equidistant from the midpoint of the axis; S5. Establish a spatial rectangular coordinate system with the upper surface of the vehicle chassis as the xy plane, and determine the coordinates of the two positioning points; S6, determining the coordinates of the lower fulcrum of the chassis; S7, calculating the distance between each positioning point and the lower support point of the chassis in the longitudinal direction of the axle by using coordinates, and continuously adjusting the position of the rear end structural member until the distance between each positioning point and the lower support point of the chassis in the longitudinal direction of the axle is equal; S8. Press the rear end structure onto the vehicle chassis.

2. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the two positioning points and the lower support point of the chassis is measured by laser.

3. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting holes of the two tail end structural members are coaxially arranged by a positioning device.

4. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two tail end structural members are locked by the positioning device so as to be fixed relative to each other.

5. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end structural member is pressed onto the vehicle chassis by a positioning device.

6. A vehicle tail end structural member positioning device, applied to the positioning method according to claim 1, comprising a positioning shaft, a pressing member and a supporting member, the positioning shaft comprising a connecting portion and a screw portion arranged coaxially, the screw portion being provided with one at each end of the connecting portion, the screw portion being provided with a nut for locking the tail end structural member, the screw portion being provided with a positioning hole, the positioning hole being used to install a reflector of a laser tracker; The support member is installed on the vehicle chassis when positioning the tail end structural member, and the pressing member is arranged between the support member and the positioning shaft to apply pressure on the support member and the positioning shaft.

7. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the connecting portion is provided with a positioning end surface, and the tail end structural member can be clamped between the nut and the positioning end surface; the connecting portion has a supporting surface, which is a plane and is used to support the pressing member.

8. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressing member is a jack.

9. The vehicle rear end structural member positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support member is provided with a hoisting portion.

10. A method for positioning a vehicle rear end structural member, using the positioning device as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9 and a laser tracker to position the rear end structural member, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the spacing between the two tail end structural members required by the positioning requirements, select a positioning shaft with a connection portion having the same length as the positioning requirements; S2. Install the two tail end structural members to be positioned on the two screw parts of the positioning shaft respectively, so that the screw parts pass through the mounting holes, and rotate the tail end structural members so that the bottom planes of the two tail end structural members are located on the same plane; S3, locking the tail end structure onto the screw part through a nut; S4. Install a reflector of a laser tracker in each of the two positioning holes, install the support member at the rear end of the vehicle, and then place the positioning shaft with the installed rear end structural member on the upper surface of the chassis at the rear end of the vehicle, so that the two rear end structural members are placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line, and the bottom plane of the rear end structural member is attached to the upper surface of the chassis; S5. Install a reflector at each lower lug; S6, installing the laser tracking head at any position above the upper surface of the chassis, and respectively measuring the vectors L1 and L2 of the two reflectors pointed by the laser tracking head to the positioning hole by the laser tracking head; S7, respectively measuring the vectors L1' and L2' of the two reflectors pointed by the laser tracking head to the lower ear by using the laser tracking head; S8, continuously fine-tune the position of the positioning axis 1 until the distance between the end points L1 and L1' along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is equal to the distance between the end points L1 and L1' along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle; S9. Place the pressing member between the positioning shaft and the support member, and operate the pressing member to press against the positioning shaft and the support member respectively to press the rear end positioning member against the rear end of the vehicle.

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