Reservoir danger removing and reinforcing structure and method
By setting root guide holes and laying planting blankets on the slope of the reservoir, the problems of weak slopes and difficulty in greening are solved, and the slope is re-green and reinforced, which improves stability and reduces the risk of landslides.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411933669.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
AI Technical Summary
Due to the weak slope of the reservoir, the slope is prone to softening and mudification, resulting in landslides and collapses. The existing cement anchor sprinkler slope technology is difficult to achieve greening of the slope, and the green layer is prone to fall off, increasing the risk of landslides.
The root guide hole is set on the concrete layer on the slope of the reservoir, and a planting blanket is laid on its surface. The planting blanket is fixed through fixing parts. The root guide hole is used to promote deep root deposition of the plant and form a stable greening layer.
The re-greening and reinforcement of the slope is achieved. Through the anchoring effect of the plant root system, the stability of the slope is improved, the risk of greening layer falling off is reduced, and the needs of ecological landscape are met.
Smart Images
Figure CN119640738A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of reservoir hazard removal, and in particular to a reservoir hazard removal reinforcement structure and method. Background Art
[0002] Reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement work includes slope risk prevention, cofferdam, dam body anti-seepage, spillway anti-seepage reinforcement, etc. The slope of a certain reservoir is weak, and the slope is easy to soften and muddy. When encountering heavy rain, landslides and collapses are prone to occur, affecting the safety of the downstream of the dam. Therefore, the slope of the reservoir needs to be reinforced.
[0003] In the prior art, cement anchor spraying slope technology is used to increase the stability of the slope to address this problem. Although cement spraying anchors are used to form concrete slopes for effective protection, cement anchor spraying also has a major weakness, that is, without plants, the entire slope appears rigid and difficult to coordinate with the surrounding landscape. The difficulty of slope greening is that the slope is entirely made of concrete, without the soil, water and nutrients required for plant growth, and the plants have no space to grow and support. The roots cannot be fixed on the slope surface, let alone penetrate into the natural soil. In the subsequent growth, it is also difficult to fix the slope surface through the roots. In the later stage, there is also the risk of the greening surface falling off as a whole, which may even cause a landslide.
[0004] Therefore, in the work of reservoir hazard removal and reinforcement, how to green the slope while ensuring the stability of the slope becomes a major difficulty, and both protection and ecology need to be taken into account. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a reservoir risk removal and reinforcement structure and method, which can effectively solve the technical problem that plant roots cannot enter the soil and rock layers, which will cause the entire green layer to fall off after a period of time, and may even cause landslide hazards. While removing risks and reinforcing the slopes of the reservoir, the slopes can be regreened to meet the needs of ecological landscape.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is: In the first aspect, the technical solution proposes a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, which is arranged on the slope of the reservoir dam, and includes: A concrete layer covering the surface of the slope; the concrete layer is provided with a plurality of root guide holes arranged in an array, and the root guide holes penetrate the concrete layer; A vegetation blanket is laid on the surface of a concrete layer, wherein the vegetation blanket is fixed to the concrete by a fixing member; wherein: The fixing device includes a bottom support unit and a pressing unit used in conjunction with each other; the bottom support unit is arranged in the root guide hole and can be clamped and fixed with the inner wall of the root guide hole; the pressing unit includes a pressing part and a penetration part, and the bottom end of the penetration part can penetrate the vegetation blanket and be detachably connected to the bottom support unit; the pressing part is arranged above the vegetation blanket, and the pressing part is detachably connected to the penetration part. When the pressing part is connected to the penetration part, the pressing part presses and fixes the vegetation blanket on the surface of the concrete layer.
[0007] Preferably, the bottom support unit includes a bottom bracket, a mounting hole for connecting with the through-portion is provided at the center of the bottom bracket; three legs are provided at the bottom of the bottom bracket along the circumferential direction, and an active swing arm and a driven swing arm are hinged on each of the legs; it also includes a connecting rod, one end of which is fixedly connected with a chuck; the other ends of the active swing arm and the driven swing arm are hinged to the connecting rod respectively; one end of the active swing arm has an extension portion, and the extension portion and the active swing arm form an L-shaped structure; one end of the extension portion has a waist hole; a movable chassis which can move up and down is provided at the bottom of the bottom bracket, and a pin is provided on the movable chassis, and the pin is movably connected with the waist hole; when the movable chassis moves up and down, the movable chassis can drive the chuck to open or retract through the active swing arm and the driven swing arm.
[0008] Preferably, the penetration portion includes an outer sleeve, the bottom end of which is detachably connected to the mounting hole; an inner guide shaft is slidably arranged in the outer sleeve, and the bottom of the inner guide shaft is pressed against the surface of the movable chassis; it also includes an inner sleeve for driving the inner guide shaft to move downward, and the inner sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve; the pressing portion includes a pressure plate, and the pressure plate is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve.
[0009] Preferably, the inner sleeve and the inner guide shaft are both provided with cavities in the middle, and the cavities of the two are connected as a whole to form a liquid injection channel.
[0010] Preferably, the pressure plate is evenly provided with four slots along the circumferential side wall; a baffle is provided between adjacent pressure plates, and the two ends of the baffle are respectively inserted and connected with the slots of the corresponding pressure plate; the baffles inserted between the four pressure plates located at the four corners form a covering unit for reinforcing the covering layer.
[0011] Preferably, the top of each injection channel is connected to a branch pipeline, and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline, and the main pipeline is connected to the injection equipment for injecting nutrient solution or water.
[0012] In the second aspect, the technical solution also proposes a method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, comprising the following steps: S1: pouring concrete on the slope of the reservoir dam to form a concrete layer; constructing root guide holes arranged in an array on the concrete layer according to design requirements; S2: Place a bottom support unit in each root guide hole; S3: Laying vegetation blanket on the surface of concrete layer; S4: Install the holding unit: S41: At the position of the vegetation blanket corresponding to the root guide hole, the outer sleeve is held and passed through the vegetation blanket, so that the bottom end of the outer sleeve is connected to the bottom bracket in the bottom support unit; S42: Insert the inner guide shaft into the outer sleeve, and press the bottom of the inner guide shaft against the movable chassis; thread the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve together so that the bottom of the inner sleeve contacts the top of the inner guide shaft; hold the outer sleeve with one hand, and screw the inner sleeve with the other hand, so that the inner sleeve moves downward to drive the inner guide shaft downward, and then press the movable chassis downward. When the movable chassis moves downward, the chuck is opened by the active swing arm and the driven swing arm until the chuck is tightly against the inner wall of the guide hole; S43: a pressure plate is mounted on the outer sleeve, and the pressure plate is screwed until the vegetation blanket is tightly pressed against the surface of the concrete layer; S6: Repeat the above step S4 to complete the installation of multiple pressing units, and realize multi-point fixation of the surface of the vegetation blanket.
[0013] Preferably, the above method further comprises: S7: Installing baffles: installing baffles between adjacent fixing members, with both ends of the baffles respectively connected to the slots of the corresponding pressure plates; multiple baffles separate the surface of the vegetation blanket into a plurality of square areas, which are recorded as soil covering units; S8: Install pipelines: The top of each inner sleeve is connected to a branch pipeline, and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline.
[0014] Preferably, the above method also includes S9: covering and maintenance: filling organic soil in the covering units formed on the surface of the vegetation blanket; reasonably watering and maintaining the vegetation blanket to ensure the growth needs of plants; after the plants take root, connecting the main pipeline to the injection equipment, injecting nutrient solution into the root guide holes, inducing the plant roots to grow toward the root guide holes and pass through the root guide holes into the deep of the reservoir dam, thereby realizing the reinforcement and greening of the slope.
[0015] Preferably, there are two methods for constructing the root guide hole in S1, namely: The first type: drilling: after the anchor sprayed concrete is formed, tools are used to drill holes on the formed concrete layer according to the designed points to form root guide holes; The second type: pre-embedded hole forming: a forming frame for hole forming is processed in advance, the forming frame includes a main rod, and a plurality of pipe bodies are arranged on the main rod, and the pipe bodies are slidably connected to the main rod; during construction, a plurality of forming frames are placed at intervals along the slope, and then the pipe bodies are moved downward so that the bottom end of each pipe body contacts the surface of the slope respectively; after the pipe bodies are adjusted into place, the pipe bodies are fixed to prevent movement; subsequent anchor spraying concrete is performed, and after the concrete is cured and formed, the forming frame is removed, and after removal, the root guide hole is formed at the location where the pipe bodies are located.
[0016] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can play two roles by setting root guide holes on the concrete layer. First, the root guide holes penetrate the concrete surface to promote the plant roots to penetrate deeply through the root guide holes, thereby ensuring that the artificially reconstructed vegetation can be durable and stable. The slope surface is further fixed by the root system, which can effectively reduce the overall shedding of the green surface layer and even the risk of landslides. Second, the root guide holes serve as the fixing base points of the vegetation blanket. When used in conjunction with the fixing parts, the vegetation blanket can be easily fixed on the concrete layer, providing convenient installation conditions for slope greening.
[0017] 2. The fixing piece designed in the present invention utilizes the opening of the chuck to realize the bottom support unit being clamped into the root guide hole, thereby realizing the connection and fixation between the bottom support unit and the concrete; and utilizes the pressure plate to realize the pressing and fixing of the vegetation blanket, which is efficient and simple in construction. The fixing piece in the present invention not only plays the role of fixed connection, but also plays the role of maintenance in the later stage. The injection channel formed on the fixing piece can be used to conveniently inject nutrient solution into the root guide hole. The characteristics of the plant root system that tends to water, fertilizer, and soil can be used to induce the plant roots in the vegetation blanket to grow toward the root guide hole, thereby forming a strong root group to fix the slope well.
[0018] 3. The structure of the present invention is also provided with a baffle and a slot is designed on the pressure cover. By plugging and matching the slot and the baffle, a number of horizontally and vertically crossed reinforced structures can be quickly constructed, which can improve the restraint on the soil and divide the slope into a number of soil-covering units. The composite structure of organic soil + baffle formed after covering has high anti-slip ability and can effectively prevent soil erosion. Especially after the construction of the vegetation blanket, when it rains, this structure can reduce the probability of the surface soil being washed away by rainwater, prevent soil erosion, ensure the proper windproof, heat-insulating and moisture-retaining functions of the soil-covering, effectively ensure the germination of grass seeds, and facilitate the recovery of slope vegetation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the reservoir hazard elimination and reinforcement structure proposed by the present invention in Example 1.
[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Structural cross-section of the middle reservoir dam and concrete layer.
[0021] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Structural stereogram of the middle fixing member (bottom support unit and holding unit are not connected).
[0022] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure of the midsole support unit.
[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural stereogram of the pressing unit from another angle.
[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the fixing member in the first embodiment when it cooperates with the reservoir dam, the concrete layer and the vegetation blanket.
[0025] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of the outer sleeve, inner guide shaft and inner sleeve after rotating 90 degrees.
[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the reservoir hazard elimination and reinforcement structure proposed by the present invention in Example 2.
[0027] Fig. 9 yes Figure 8 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing parts.
[0028] Fig.10 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure of the middle M region.
[0029] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing member in the second embodiment when it cooperates with the reservoir dam, concrete layer and vegetation blanket. Figure 1 .
[0030] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing member in the second embodiment when it cooperates with the reservoir dam, concrete layer and vegetation blanket. Figure 2 .
[0031] Fig.13 It is the structural front view of the forming frame.
[0032] Fig.14 It is a top view of the structure of the forming frame.
[0033] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the E region.
[0034] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the forming frame when in use.
[0035] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the forming frame as a mounting base for the sprayer after the tube body is removed.
[0036] In the figure: 1. Reservoir dam; 2. Concrete layer; 201. Root guide hole; 3. Vegetation blanket; 4. Fixing parts; 4A. Bottom support unit; 4B. Holding unit; 41. Bottom bracket; 4101. Mounting hole; 42. Leg; 43. Movable chassis; 44. Active swing arm; 45. Driven swing arm; 46. Connecting rod; 47. Chuck; 48. Outer sleeve; 49. Inner guide shaft; 410. Inner sleeve; 411. Pressure plate; 4111. Center hole; 4112. Slot hole; 412. Injection channel; 413. Overflow channel; 5. Baffle; 51. Seepage hole; 6. Covering unit; 7. Main pipeline; 71. Branch pipeline; 8. Main rod; 9. Pipe body; 10. Thumb screw; 11. Guide ring; 12. Support rod; 13. Sprayer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0038] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the restrictive conditions that can be implemented in this application, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that can be produced by this application and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of narration, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of this application. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of this application without substantial change in the technical content.
[0039] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment proposes a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, which is arranged on the slope of the reservoir dam 1 to reinforce the slope of the reservoir dam 1, and includes: The concrete layer 2 covering the surface of the slope can be constructed by using the anchor spraying technology, and of course other construction technologies are also acceptable; a plurality of root guide holes 201 arranged in an array are opened in the concrete layer 2, and the root guide holes 201 penetrate the concrete layer 2.
[0040] The vegetation blanket 3 is laid on the surface of the concrete layer 2, and the vegetation blanket 3 is fixed to the concrete by a fixing piece 4; the vegetation blanket 3 is a soil and water conservation product with a certain thickness, which is a common product on the market, and is made by using a vegetation blanket 3 production machine to compound a certain specification of plant fiber or synthetic fiber blanket with a seed vegetation belt. In this embodiment, the plant species in the vegetation blanket 3 can be one or more of the following three categories: ① Pioneer plants: tall fescue, coreopsis, cosmos, broadleaf grass, bermudagrass, etc.; ② Soil fertility improvement plants: Amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa, pigeon pea, Hebei indigofera, etc. These plants have rhizobia, can fix nitrogen, and can also improve the soil; ③ Ornamental plants: Leucaena leucaena, Sophora japonica, Ligustrum lucidum, etc. These plants are highly ornamental. These types of plants have a strong germination rate and adaptability, which can ensure the greening effect.
[0041] The key technical principles of the present invention are: As a physical protection method, concrete anchor spraying protection can effectively prevent and control geological disasters such as slope instability and collapse, rock rolling, soil erosion, etc. However, although this method solves the problem of slope protection, it also makes the slope lose the natural conditions for plant growth, bringing ecological and environmental problems such as heat island effect, food chain destruction, and visual pollution. The slope surface of the concrete anchor spraying slope is complete and smooth, which is not conducive to the rooting and germination of plants on the slope surface, nor is it conducive to the soil and water conservation of the slope surface. In view of the above situation, this construction technology adopts the method of setting root guide holes 201 and laying vegetation blankets 3 to improve the poor site conditions of the concrete slope surface. The slope surface is provided with root guide holes 201, and the slope plants can penetrate the plant roots into the interior of the slope rock mass through the root guide holes 201. On the one hand, it allows the plants to absorb water and nutrients deep in the slope rock mass, and on the other hand, through the anchoring effect of the plant roots, the stability of the slope is further improved. The water and moisture retention function of the vegetation blanket 3 can create a good temporary growth environment for slope plants, effectively control slope soil erosion, and ensure the germination rate and survival rate of plants.
[0042] It should be noted that, depending on the actual soil conditions of the slope, nutrient soil may be filled in the root guide hole 201 if necessary.
[0043] The following is a further introduction to the above-mentioned key component, the fixing member 4: The fixing part 4 in this embodiment includes two major parts, which are a bottom support unit 4A and a pressing unit 4B used together; the bottom support unit 4A is arranged in the root guide hole 201 and can be clamped and fixed with the inner wall of the root guide hole 201, which is equivalent to the bottom support unit 4A being connected and fixed to the concrete layer 2 to construct an installation base point; the pressing unit 4B includes a pressing part and a penetrating part, the bottom end of the penetrating part can penetrate the vegetation blanket 3 and be detachably connected to the bottom support unit 4A, and the detachable connection method includes but is not limited to threaded connection, clamping, etc.; the pressing part is arranged above the vegetation blanket 3, and the pressing part and the penetrating part are detachably connected. When the pressing part and the penetrating part are connected, the pressing part presses and fixes the vegetation blanket 3 on the surface of the concrete layer 2.
[0044] The bottom support unit 4A includes a bottom bracket 41, which is in the form of three claws. A through mounting hole 4101 for connecting with the through portion is provided at the center of the bottom bracket 41, and an internal thread is provided in the mounting hole 4101. Three legs 42 are provided at the bottom of the bottom bracket 41 along the circumferential direction, and an active swing arm 44 and a driven swing arm 45 are hinged to each leg 42, respectively. The active swing arm 44 and the driven swing arm 45 are provided with equal lengths, and after installation, two opposite sides of a parallelogram are formed. The bottom bracket 41 also includes a connecting rod 46, one end of which is fixedly connected to a chuck 47. The other ends of the active swing arm 44 and the driven swing arm 45 are hinged to the connecting rod 46 respectively. When the active swing arm 44 moves, the active swing arm 44 can drive the chuck 47 to move.
[0045] In order to facilitate the driving action, one end of the active swing arm 44 has an extension portion, and the extension portion and the active swing arm 44 form an L-shaped structure to constitute a lever structure; a waist hole is opened at one end of the extension portion; a movable chassis 43 that can move up and down is provided at the bottom of the bottom bracket 41, and a pin is provided on the movable chassis 43, and the pin is movably connected with the waist hole, that is, the pin can be rotated relative to the waist hole and can be moved relative to the waist hole; when the movable chassis 43 moves up and down, the movable chassis 43 can drive the chuck 47 to open or retract through the active swing arm 44 and the driven swing arm 45; when the chuck 47 is opened, the chuck 47 can be engaged on the inner wall of the root guide hole 201.
[0046] The through-portion includes an outer sleeve 48, and the bottom end of the outer sleeve 48 is detachably connected to the mounting hole 4101. In this embodiment, a threaded connection method can be adopted, and the outer wall of the outer sleeve 48 has an external thread, which can be adapted and connected with the internal thread of the mounting hole 4101; an inner guide shaft 49 is slidably arranged in the outer sleeve 48, and the inner guide shaft 49 can move up and down, and the bottom of the inner guide shaft 49 is pressed on the surface of the movable chassis 43; it also includes an inner sleeve 410 for driving the inner guide shaft 49 to move downward, and the inner sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve 48. When the inner sleeve 410 is screwed, the inner sleeve 410 can drive the inner guide shaft 49 to move downward; the pressing portion includes a pressure plate 411, and a center hole 4111 is provided in the center of the pressure plate 411, and the center hole 4111 is a threaded hole, and the pressure plate 411 is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve 48.
[0047] In this embodiment, cavities are provided in the middle of the inner sleeve 410 and the inner guide shaft 49, and the cavities of the two are connected as a whole to form an injection channel 412 for injecting nutrient solution or water. It should be noted that a plurality of overflow channels 413 are also provided on the bottom side wall of the inner guide shaft 49, and the overflow channels 413 are connected with the injection channels 412. The diameter of the overflow channels 413 is smaller than that of the injection channels 412, so that when injecting liquid, the impact force of the water flow can be reduced, forming an overflow shower-type drainage, reducing the scouring of the soil and the root system in the root guide hole 201. Another reason for choosing to set the overflow channel 413 in this way is that considering that when not installed, the inner guide shaft 49 can be placed inside the outer sleeve 48, so that the overflow channel 413 is also protected inside to prevent being blocked by dust.
[0048] This embodiment also proposes a method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, including the following steps: S1: pouring concrete on the slope of the reservoir dam 1 to form a concrete layer 2; constructing root guide holes 201 arranged in an array on the concrete layer 2 according to design requirements; it should be noted that before performing step S1, manual slope clearing is required; S2: placing a bottom support unit 4A in each root guide hole 201; S3: laying a vegetation blanket 3 on the surface of the concrete layer 2; S4: Install the holding unit 4B: S41: At the position of the vegetation blanket 3 corresponding to the root guide hole 201, the outer sleeve 48 is held and passed through the vegetation blanket 3, so that the bottom end of the outer sleeve 48 is connected to the bottom bracket 41 in the bottom support unit 4A; S42: Insert the inner guide shaft 49 into the outer sleeve 48, and the bottom of the inner guide shaft 49 is pressed against the movable chassis 43; the inner sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve 48, so that the bottom of the inner sleeve 410 contacts the top of the inner guide shaft 49; hold the outer sleeve 48 with one hand, and screw the inner sleeve 410 with the other hand, so that the inner sleeve 410 moves downward to drive the inner guide shaft 49 to move downward, and then press the movable chassis 43 downward. When the movable chassis 43 moves downward, the chuck 47 is driven to open through the active swing arm 44 and the driven swing arm 45 until the chuck 47 is tightly against the inner wall of the guide root hole 201; S43: a pressure plate 411 is mounted on the outer sleeve 48, and the pressure plate 411 is screwed until the vegetation blanket 3 is tightly pressed against the surface of the concrete layer 2; S6: Repeat the above step S4 to complete the installation of multiple pressing units 4B, and realize multi-point fixation of the surface of the vegetation blanket 3.
[0049] It should be noted that there are two methods for constructing the root guide hole 201 in S1, namely: The first method: drilling: after the anchor sprayed concrete is formed, a tool is used to drill holes on the formed concrete layer 2 according to the designed points to form root guide holes 201; the diameter of the root guide holes 201 drilled in the concrete layer 2 is 8cm-30cm, and the depth is based on passing through the concrete layer 2. The spacing between the root guide holes 201 is 40cm-100cm, arranged in an array or plum blossom shape. In this embodiment, a rectangular array is used. The broken concrete in the root guide holes 201 should be completely removed. If necessary, ordinary planting soil can be added with a volume ratio of 0.5% to 0.8% of compound fertilizer to form nutrient soil to fill the root guide holes 201 and tamp it.
[0050] The second type: pre-buried holes: such as Fig.13 - Fig.16 As shown, a forming frame for forming holes is processed in advance, and the forming frame includes a main rod 8, on which a plurality of tube bodies 9 are provided, and the tube bodies 9 are slidably connected to the main rod 8; during construction, a plurality of forming frames are placed at intervals along the slope, and then the tube bodies 9 are moved downward so that the bottom end of each tube body 9 is in contact with the surface of the slope respectively; after the tube bodies 9 are adjusted into place, the tube bodies 9 are fixed to prevent movement; subsequently, anchor spraying concrete is performed, and after the concrete is cured and formed, the forming frame is removed, and after removal, the position where the tube bodies 9 are located forms the root guide hole 201.
[0051] The specific structure of the forming frame can be in the following forms: The main rods 8 have two, which are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of guide rings 11 are arranged between the two main rods 8, and the guide rings 11 are welded and fixed to the main rods 8; a hand screw 10 is threadedly connected to the main rod 8, and a hole is opened on the side wall of the guide ring 11, and the end of the hand screw 10 can pass through the hole and enter the guide ring 11; a pipe body 9 is arranged in the guide ring 11, and the pipe body 9 can be made of PVC pipe or steel pipe, etc. The pipe body 9 can slide up and down along the guide ring 11, and the pipe body 9 is arranged vertically to the slope surface. When the bottom of the pipe body 9 contacts the slope surface, the hand screw 10 is screwed to realize the positioning and fixation of the pipe body 9 to prevent displacement; before the anchor is sprayed, a release agent can be sprayed on the pipe body 9 to facilitate subsequent disassembly.
[0052] The main rod 8 can be fixed on the slope surface by the support rod 12, and the support rod 12 can be a U-shaped structure to increase the supporting force.
[0053] Application results: First, by setting the root guide hole 201 on the concrete layer 2, it can play two roles. First, the root guide hole 201 penetrates the concrete surface, which promotes the plant roots to pass through the root guide hole 201 and go deep downward, ensuring that the artificially reconstructed vegetation can be durable and stable. The slope surface is further fixed by the root system, which can effectively reduce the overall shedding of the green surface layer and even the risk of landslides. Second, the root guide hole 201 serves as a fixed base point for the vegetation blanket 3. When used in conjunction with the fixing part 4, the vegetation blanket 3 can be easily fixed on the concrete layer 2, providing convenient installation conditions for slope greening.
[0054] Second, the designed fixing part 4 uses the opening of the chuck 47 to realize the bottom support unit 4A being clamped into the root guide hole 201, so as to realize the connection and fixation between the bottom support unit 4A and the concrete; the pressing plate 411 is used to realize the pressing and fixing of the vegetation blanket 3, and the construction is efficient and simple. The fixing part 4 in the present invention not only plays the role of fixed connection, but also plays the role of maintenance in the later stage. The injection channel 412 formed on the fixing part 4 can be used to conveniently inject nutrient solution into the root guide hole 201. The characteristics of the plant root system that tends to water, fertilizer, and land can be used to induce the plant roots in the vegetation blanket 3 to grow toward the root guide hole 201, thereby forming a strong root group to fix the slope well.
[0055] Embodiment 2: like Figure 8 - Fig.12As shown, it is troublesome to inject nutrient solution into the root guide holes 201 one by one through the fixing member 4, so further improvements are made. The other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment, except that: each injection channel 412 is connected to a branch pipeline 71 at the top, and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline 7, and the main pipeline 7 is connected to the injection equipment for injecting nutrient solution or water. The main pipeline 7 is arranged horizontally rather than vertically, mainly considering that if it is arranged vertically, the nutrient solution will flow downward first, which may cause different amounts of nutrient solution injected into each root guide hole 201, so the main pipeline 7 is designed to be arranged horizontally, so that the root guide holes 201 in the same row are at the same latitude, which is convenient for injection.
[0056] In this embodiment, the pressure plate 411 is evenly provided with four slots 4112 along the circumferential side wall; a baffle 5 is provided between adjacent pressure plates 411, and the two ends of the baffle 5 are respectively connected with the slots 4112 of the corresponding pressure plates 411; the baffles 5 inserted between the four pressure plates 411 at the four corners form a soil covering unit 6 for reinforcing the soil covering layer. The design of the baffle 5 can play two roles. First, by controlling the height of the baffle 5, the height of the soil covering can be controlled. For example, the thickness of the soil covering in the construction requirements is between 1 and 2 cm. This thickness is difficult to control due to the large slope area. Then, by setting the height of the baffle 5, the thickness of the soil covering can be controlled. For example, the thickness of the soil covering is required to be 2 cm in this plan. It is only necessary to process the baffle 5 into a height of 2 meters. When covering the soil, the top edge of the baffle 5 is used as the elevation line, which can easily ensure uniform soil covering and facilitate observation and positioning. The baffle plate 5 is provided with seepage holes 51, which can enable water to penetrate between the covering units 6 during watering and curing.
[0057] In this embodiment, by plugging and matching the slots 4112 with the baffles 5, a number of cross-reinforced structures can be quickly constructed, which can improve the restraint on the soil and divide the slope into a number of soil covering units 6. The composite structure of organic soil + baffles 5 formed after covering has high anti-slip ability and can effectively prevent soil erosion. In particular, when it rains after the construction of the vegetation blanket 3, this structure can reduce the probability of the surface soil being washed away by rainwater, prevent soil erosion, ensure the proper windproof, heat-insulating and moisture-retaining functions of the soil covering, effectively ensure the germination of grass seeds, and facilitate the recovery of slope vegetation.
[0058] This embodiment also proposes a method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, including the following steps: S1: pouring concrete on the slope of the reservoir dam 1 to form a concrete layer 2; constructing root guide holes 201 arranged in an array on the concrete layer 2 according to design requirements; S2: placing a bottom support unit 4A in each root guide hole 201; S3: laying a vegetation blanket 3 on the surface of the concrete layer 2; S4: Install the holding unit 4B: S41: At the position of the vegetation blanket 3 corresponding to the root guide hole 201, the outer sleeve 48 is held and passed through the vegetation blanket 3, so that the bottom end of the outer sleeve 48 is connected to the bottom bracket 41 in the bottom support unit 4A; S42: Insert the inner guide shaft 49 into the outer sleeve 48, and the bottom of the inner guide shaft 49 is pressed against the movable chassis 43; the inner sleeve 410 is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve 48, so that the bottom of the inner sleeve 410 contacts the top of the inner guide shaft 49; hold the outer sleeve 48 with one hand, and screw the inner sleeve 410 with the other hand, so that the inner sleeve 410 moves downward to drive the inner guide shaft 49 to move downward, and then press the movable chassis 43 downward. When the movable chassis 43 moves downward, the chuck 47 is driven to open through the active swing arm 44 and the driven swing arm 45 until the chuck 47 is tightly against the inner wall of the guide root hole 201; S43: a pressure plate 411 is mounted on the outer sleeve 48, and the pressure plate 411 is screwed until the vegetation blanket 3 is tightly pressed against the surface of the concrete layer 2; S6: Repeat the above step S4 to complete the installation of multiple pressing units 4B, and realize multi-point fixation of the surface of the vegetation blanket 3.
[0059] S7: Installing baffles 5: Install baffles 5 between adjacent fixing members 4, and both ends of the baffles 5 are respectively connected with the slots 4112 of the corresponding pressure plates 411; the baffles 5 separate the surface of the vegetation blanket 3 into a plurality of square areas, which are recorded as soil covering units 6; S8: Install pipelines: The top of each inner sleeve 410 is connected to a branch pipeline 71 , and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline 7 .
[0060] S9: Soil covering and maintenance: organic soil is filled into the soil covering unit 6 formed on the surface of the vegetation blanket 3; the vegetation blanket 3 is watered and maintained reasonably to ensure the growth needs of the plants; after the plants take root, the main pipe 7 is connected to the injection equipment, and nutrient solution is injected into the root guide holes 201 to induce the plant roots to grow toward the root guide holes 201 and penetrate into the deep of the reservoir dam 1 to achieve slope reinforcement and greening.
[0061] It should be noted that when the vegetation blanket 3 needs to be watered and maintained, in order to avoid erosion of the surface soil, the bottom infiltration method can be adopted in the present embodiment to inject water into the root guide hole 201. When the root guide hole 201 is full, water overflows, which can keep the vegetation blanket 3 and the surface soil moist, achieving the effect of "drip irrigation" or "infiltration irrigation". On the one hand, it reduces the waste of water resources, and on the other hand, it prevents excessive water flow from washing away the surface soil.
[0062] like Fig.17As shown, when the above-mentioned "drip irrigation" or "infiltration irrigation" method is not used for maintenance, the following method can also be used: after the root guide hole 201 is constructed with the cooperation of the forming frame, only the pipe body 9 is disassembled, and other structures are retained on the slope surface. The adjacent forming frame is used as an installation base to make it a carrying component of the sprayer 13. The sprayer 13 is a plate-type spraying structure with a plurality of spraying holes, similar to a shower structure; the sprayer is slidably connected to the main rod 8 of the forming frame. When in use, the sprayer 13 is connected to the water pump, and then the worker pulls the sprayer 13 up and down to realize the watering maintenance of the slope from top to bottom, which can ensure uniform watering. A sprayer 13 is set between each adjacent forming frame to realize alternating irrigation in different zones, which is very convenient and highly practical.
[0063] In summary: the use of this structure and method can effectively solve the technical problem that plant roots cannot enter the soil and rock layers, which will cause the entire greening layer to fall off after a period of time and may even cause landslide hazards. This solution can not only eliminate hazards and reinforce the slopes of the reservoir, but also restore the greening of the slopes to meet the needs of ecological landscape.
[0064] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the invention in conjunction with the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A reservoir hazard prevention and reinforcement structure, arranged on the slope of a reservoir dam (1), characterized in that: include: A concrete layer (2) covering the surface of the slope; the concrete layer (2) is provided with a plurality of root guide holes (201) arranged in an array, and the root guide holes (201) penetrate the concrete layer (2); A vegetation blanket (3) is laid on the surface of a concrete layer (2), wherein the vegetation blanket (3) and the concrete are fixed via a fixing member (4); wherein: The fixing member (4) comprises a bottom support unit (4A) and a pressing unit (4B) used in combination; the bottom support unit (4A) is arranged in the root guide hole (201) and can be clamped and fixed with the inner wall of the root guide hole (201); the pressing unit (4B) comprises a pressing portion and a penetration portion, the bottom end of the penetration portion can penetrate the vegetation blanket (3) and be detachably connected to the bottom support unit (4A); the pressing portion is arranged above the vegetation blanket (3), the pressing portion is detachably connected to the penetration portion, and when the pressing portion is connected to the penetration portion, the pressing portion presses and fixes the vegetation blanket (3) on the surface of the concrete layer (2).
2. A reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom support unit (4A) comprises a bottom bracket (41), the center of which is provided with a through mounting hole (4101) for connecting with the through portion; the bottom of the bottom bracket (41) is provided with three legs (42) along the circumferential direction, each of which is hinged with an active swing arm (44) and a driven swing arm (45); and further comprises a connecting rod (46), one end of which is fixedly connected with a chuck (47); the other ends of the active swing arm (44) and the driven swing arm (45) are respectively connected with the connecting rod (46). ) are hinged; one end of the active swing arm (44) has an extension portion, and the extension portion and the active swing arm (44) form an L-shaped structure; one end of the extension portion is provided with a waist hole; the bottom of the bottom bracket (41) is provided with a movable chassis (43) that can move up and down, and the movable chassis (43) is provided with a pin shaft, and the pin shaft is movably connected to the waist hole; when the movable chassis (43) moves up and down, the movable chassis (43) can drive the chuck (47) to open or retract through the active swing arm (44) and the driven swing arm (45).
3. A reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The penetration portion comprises an outer sleeve (48), the bottom end of which is detachably connected to the mounting hole (4101); an inner guide shaft (49) is slidably arranged in the outer sleeve (48), the bottom of which is pressed against the surface of the movable chassis (43); and an inner sleeve (410) for driving the inner guide shaft (49) to move downward, the inner sleeve (410) being threadedly connected to the outer sleeve (48); and the pressing portion comprises a pressure plate (411), which is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve (48).
4. A reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner sleeve (410) and the inner guide shaft (49) are both provided with cavities in the middle, and the cavities of the two are connected as a whole to form a liquid injection channel (412).
5. A reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure plate (411) is provided with four slots (4112) evenly distributed along the circumferential side wall; a baffle (5) is provided between adjacent pressure plates (411), and both ends of the baffle (5) are respectively inserted and connected with the slots (4112) of the corresponding pressure plates (411); the baffles (5) inserted between the four pressure plates (411) at the four corners form a soil covering unit (6) for reinforcing the soil covering layer.
6. A reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of each injection channel (412) is connected to a branch pipeline (71), and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline (7), and the main pipeline (7) is connected to the injection equipment for injecting nutrient solution or water.
7. A method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure, characterized in that: The reservoir risk elimination and reinforcement structure according to claim 6 comprises the following steps: S1: pouring concrete on the side slope of the reservoir dam (1) to form a concrete layer (2); constructing root guide holes (201) arranged in an array on the concrete layer (2) according to design requirements; S2: placing a bottom support unit (4A) in each root guide hole (201); S3: laying a vegetation blanket (3) on the surface of the concrete layer (2); S4: Install the holding unit (4B): S41: at the position of the vegetation blanket (3) corresponding to the root guide hole (201), the outer sleeve (48) is held and passed through the vegetation blanket (3), so that the bottom end of the outer sleeve (48) is connected to the bottom bracket (41) in the bottom support unit (4A); S42: insert the inner guide shaft (49) into the outer sleeve (48), and press the bottom of the inner guide shaft (49) on the movable chassis (43); thread the inner sleeve (410) and the outer sleeve (48) so that the bottom of the inner sleeve (410) contacts the top of the inner guide shaft (49); hold the outer sleeve (48) with one hand, and screw the inner sleeve (410) with the other hand, so that the inner sleeve (410) moves downward, driving the inner guide shaft (49) to move downward, thereby pressing the movable chassis (43). When the movable chassis (43) moves downward, the chuck (47) is driven to open through the active swing arm (44) and the driven swing arm (45), until the chuck (47) is tightly against the inner wall of the guide hole (201); S43: a pressure plate (411) is mounted on the outer sleeve (48), and the pressure plate (411) is screwed until the vegetation blanket (3) is tightly pressed against the surface of the concrete layer (2); S6: Repeat the above step S4 to complete the installation of multiple pressing units (4B) to achieve multi-point fixation of the surface of the vegetation blanket (3).
8. The method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: S7: Installing baffles (5): installing baffles (5) between adjacent fixing members (4), with both ends of the baffles (5) respectively plugged and connected to the slots (4112) of the corresponding pressure plates (411); a plurality of baffles (5) separate the surface of the vegetation blanket (3) into a plurality of square grid areas, which are recorded as soil covering units (6); S8: Install pipelines: The top of each inner sleeve (410) is connected to a branch pipeline (71), and the branch pipelines in the same row are connected to the same main pipeline (7).
9. The method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method further includes S9: covering soil and maintaining soil: filling the covering soil unit (6) formed on the surface of the vegetation blanket (3) with organic soil; performing reasonable watering and maintenance on the vegetation blanket (3) to ensure the growth needs of the plants; after the plants have taken root, connecting the main pipe (7) to the liquid injection device, injecting nutrient solution into the root guide holes (201), inducing the plant roots to grow toward the root guide holes (201) and penetrate through the root guide holes (201) into the depth of the reservoir dam (1), thereby achieving the reinforcement and greening of the slope.
10. The method for constructing a reservoir risk prevention and reinforcement structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are two methods for constructing the root guide hole (201) in S1, namely: The first method: drilling: after the anchor sprayed concrete is formed, a tool is used to drill holes on the formed concrete layer (2) according to the designed points to form root guide holes (201); The second type: pre-embedded hole forming: a forming frame for hole forming is processed in advance, the forming frame comprising a main rod (8), the main rod (8) being provided with a plurality of tubes (9), the tubes (9) being slidably connected to the main rod (8); during construction, the plurality of forming frames are placed at intervals along the slope, and then the tubes (9) are moved downward so that the bottom end of each tube (9) contacts the surface of the slope respectively; after the tubes (9) are adjusted into place, the tubes (9) are fixed to prevent movement; and subsequently, anchor spraying concrete is performed, and after the concrete is cured and formed, the forming frame is removed, and after the removal, the position where the tubes (9) are located forms the root guide hole (201).