Exploration footrill blasting hole distribution structure and exploration footrill blasting construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an exploration footrill blasting hole arrangement structure and an exploration footrill blasting construction method, the exploration footrill blasting hole arrangement structure comprises a central empty hole, slotting holes, hole expanding holes, a caving hole, an auxiliary hole and a contour hole, and a plurality of slotting holes are arranged along the edge of a square at intervals; the square surrounds the central hollow hole and is concentric with the central hollow hole, one pair of sides of the square are vertical, and the other pair of sides of the square are horizontal; a plurality of groove expanding holes are formed along the edge of a rhombus at intervals; the rhombus surrounds the square and is concentric with the square, one diagonal line of the rhombus is vertical, and the other diagonal line is horizontal; a plurality of caving holes are formed along the first arch line at intervals; the first arch line is parallel to the upper arch section of the contour line of the excavation section; a plurality of auxiliary holes are formed at intervals along a contour similar line; the contour similar line is composed of a second arched line, a first horizontal line and two first vertical lines; the second arched line is parallel to the upper arched section of the contour line; and a plurality of contour holes are arranged at intervals along the contour line of the excavation section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel slag removal, and in particular to an exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure and an exploration adit blasting construction method. Background Art

[0002] Exploration adit, also known as "adit", is a horizontal passage dug when mining mineral deposits in mountains. It has an exit directly to the ground. It is mainly used to transport ore, materials, and personnel, as well as for ventilation and drainage. In addition, small adits can be dug for prospecting. The role of an exploration adit is similar to that of a vertical shaft. According to different functions, it can be divided into main adit, secondary adit, drainage adit, and ventilation adit. Exploration adits generally have a small diameter, about 2.2m. How to arrange the holes should fully consider the nature, structure, joints, fissures and other geological conditions of the underground rock strata. In the existing technology, there is a lack of records of blasting holes for slightly weathered biotite granite strata. Summary of the invention

[0003] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an exploration adit blasting construction method with an exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure, which is suitable for the exploration adit blasting construction of biotite granite slightly weathered rock formations.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, on the one hand, the present invention provides a blasting hole arrangement structure for exploration adit, including a central empty hole, a slot hole, an expansion hole, a caving hole, an auxiliary hole and a contour hole. The excavation section of the exploration adit is arched at the upper part and rectangular at the lower part. On the excavation section:

[0005] The central hollow hole is arranged in the middle of the excavated section;

[0006] The groove holes are arranged in plurality along the sides of a square; the square surrounds the central hollow hole and is concentric with the central hollow hole, and one pair of sides of the square is vertical and the other pair of sides is horizontal;

[0007] A plurality of the expansion slots are arranged at intervals along the sides of a rhombus; the rhombus surrounds the square and is concentric with the square, one diagonal of the rhombus is vertical and the other diagonal is horizontal;

[0008] A plurality of the cave-in holes are arranged at intervals along a first arch line; the first arch line is located at the top of the rhombus and is equal to the horizontal width of the rhombus, and the first arch line is parallel to the upper arch section of the contour line of the excavation section;

[0009] The auxiliary holes are arranged in a plurality of intervals along a contour similarity line; the contour similarity line surrounds the first arch line and the rhombus, and is composed of a second arch line, a first horizontal line and two first vertical lines; the second arch line is parallel to the upper arch segment of the contour line;

[0010] A plurality of the contour holes are arranged at intervals along the contour line of the excavation section, and the contour line surrounds the contour similarity line.

[0011] Furthermore, the height of the central hollow hole is equal to 0.4-0.45 times the height of the excavated section.

[0012] Furthermore, the side length of the square is 0.10-0.15 times the width of the excavation section; and one of the groove holes is respectively arranged at the four vertices and the midpoints of the four sides of the square.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal diagonal length of the rhombus is 0.3-0.35 times of the excavation section width, and the vertical diagonal length is 0.3-0.35 times of the excavation section height; and one of the expansion slots is respectively provided at the four vertices of the rhombus.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance between the first arch line and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.28-0.33 times the height of the excavation section; and one of the collapse holes is respectively arranged at the two end points and the center of the first arch line.

[0015] Furthermore, the distance between the second arch line and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.15-0.20 times the height of the excavation section, and one of the auxiliary holes is provided at each of the three equally divided points of the second arch line;

[0016] The first horizontal line is arranged horizontally, and its length is 0.6-0.65 times the length of the bottom horizontal section of the contour line; one auxiliary hole is provided at each of the four equal points of the first horizontal line;

[0017] The two first vertical lines are arranged vertically and symmetrically on both sides of the central hollow hole, and one auxiliary hole is respectively provided at the midpoint of the two first vertical lines;

[0018] The second arch line, the first horizontal line and the two first vertical lines are connected to each other in a closed loop, and one auxiliary hole is arranged at each intersection.

[0019] Further, the contour line is composed of a third arch line, a second horizontal line and two second vertical lines;

[0020] One of the contour holes is disposed at each of the six equally divided points of the third arch line;

[0021] One of the contour holes is disposed at each of the four equal points of the second horizontal line;

[0022] One of the contour holes is disposed at each of the three equal points of the two second vertical lines;

[0023] One auxiliary hole is respectively arranged at the intersection of the third arch line, the second horizontal line and two second vertical lines.

[0024] Furthermore, the apertures of the grooved hole, the expanded groove hole, the caved-in hole, the auxiliary hole and the contour hole are the same; and the aperture of the central hollow hole is 3-3.5 times the aperture of the grooved hole.

[0025] In order to solve the above technical problems, on the other hand, the present invention provides an exploration adit blasting construction method based on the above exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure, comprising:

[0026] Step 1: Mark the positions of the central hole, slot hole, slot expansion hole, collapse hole, auxiliary hole and contour hole according to the blasting design;

[0027] Step 2: Drill the center hole, the slot hole, the expansion hole, the collapse hole, the auxiliary hole and the contour hole in sequence;

[0028] Step 3: Charge and plug the slot holes, slot expansion holes, collapse holes, auxiliary holes and contour holes;

[0029] Step 4: Network and detonate the slotting holes, slot expansion holes, caving holes, auxiliary holes and contour holes;

[0030] Step 5: Disperse smoke and reduce dust.

[0031] Furthermore, the step 4 includes: all blast holes are detonated in sequence in eleven sections from the inside to the outside.

[0032] In summary, the above exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure and exploration adit blasting construction method provide a small-diameter exploration adit blasting construction method for the slightly weathered biotite granite rock layer, which increases the diameter of the center slot hole to create a larger open surface and improve blasting efficiency. In addition, the reasonable arrangement of blastholes and the single excavation depth of blastholes can save the use of pyrotechnic materials and reduce construction costs; ensure construction progress and blasting effects, improve construction efficiency, and shorten the project construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In the attached picture:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hole arrangement structure for exploration adit blasting of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the networked detonation sections in the exploration adit blasting construction method of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure, 1, central hollow hole; 2, groove hole; 3, expanded groove hole; 4, collapse hole; 5, auxiliary hole; 6, contour hole; 71, square; 72, diamond; 73, first arch line; 741, second arch line; 742, first horizontal line; 743, first vertical line; 751, third arch line; 752, second horizontal line; 753, second vertical line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Figure 1 The figure shows a hole arrangement structure for exploration horizontal tunnel blasting according to the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the blasting hole arrangement structure of the exploration adit includes a central empty hole 1, a slot hole 2, an expansion hole 3, a collapse hole 4, an auxiliary hole 5 and a contour hole 6. The upper part of the excavation section of the exploration adit is arched and the lower part is rectangular.

[0040] On the excavation section: the central hollow hole 1 is arranged in the middle of the excavation section; a plurality of slot holes 2 are arranged at intervals along the sides of a square 71; the square 71 surrounds the central hollow hole 1 and is concentric with the central hollow hole 1, and one pair of sides of the square 71 is vertical and the other pair of sides is horizontal; a plurality of expanded slot holes 3 are arranged at intervals along the sides of a rhombus 72; the rhombus 72 surrounds the square 71 and is concentric with the square 71, and one pair of diagonals of the rhombus 72 is vertical and the other diagonal is horizontal; a plurality of caving holes 4 are arranged at intervals along the first arch line 73; the first arch line 73 is located at At the top of the rhombus 72 and equal to the horizontal width of the rhombus 72, the first arch line 73 is parallel to the upper arch segment of the contour line of the excavation section; a plurality of auxiliary holes 5 are arranged at intervals along a contour similarity line; the contour similarity line surrounds the first arch line 73 and the rhombus 72, and is composed of a second arch line 741, a first horizontal line 742 and two first vertical lines 743; the second arch line 741 is parallel to the upper arch segment of the contour line; a plurality of contour holes 6 are arranged at intervals along the contour line of the excavation section, and the contour line surrounds the contour similarity line.

[0041] The following description is made by taking an exploration adit with a width of 2500 mm, a total height of 2800 mm, and an upper arch height of 850 mm as an example. It should be noted that the square 71, the rhombus 72, the first arch line 73, the second arch line 741, and the first horizontal line 742 are all virtual lines. Figure 1 Indicated by dotted line in the table.

[0042] The height of the central hollow hole 1 is equal to 0.4-0.45 times the height of the excavated section. It is located at the center of the width of the excavated section in the horizontal direction and at a height of 0.4-0.45 times the height of the excavated section in the height direction, and is preferably located at 1150 mm.

[0043] The side length of the square 71 is 0.10-0.15 times the width of the excavation section; a slot hole 2 is respectively arranged at the four vertices and the midpoints of the four sides of the square 71. There are eight slot holes 2, which are respectively arranged at the four vertices and the midpoints of the four sides of the square 71, and the side length of the square 71 is preferably 300 mm.

[0044] The horizontal diagonal length of the diamond 72 is 0.3-0.35 times the excavation section width, preferably 800 mm; the vertical diagonal length is 0.3-0.35 times the excavation section height, preferably 900 mm. The four vertices of the diamond 72 are respectively provided with an expansion slot hole 3. There are four expansion slot holes 3, which are arranged at the four vertices of the diamond 72 respectively.

[0045] The spacing between the first arch line 73 and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.28-0.33 times the excavation section height, preferably 850 mm; a cave-in hole 4 is respectively arranged at the two ends and the center of the first arch line 73. There are three cave-in holes 4, which are respectively arranged at the two ends and the center of the first arch line 73.

[0046] The spacing between the second arch line 741 and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.15-0.20 times the height of the excavation section, and the optimal value is 450mm; an auxiliary hole 5 is provided at each of the three equal points of the second arch line 741. The first horizontal line 742 is arranged horizontally, and its length is 0.6-0.65 times the length of the bottom horizontal section of the contour line, and the optimal value is 1600mm; an auxiliary hole 5 is provided at each of the four equal points of the first horizontal line 742. The two first vertical lines 743 are arranged vertically, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole 1, and an auxiliary hole 5 is provided at each of the midpoints of the two first vertical lines 743, and the optimal length of the first vertical line 743 is 1530mm; the second arch line 741, the first horizontal line 742 and the two first vertical lines 743 are connected to each other in a closed loop, and an auxiliary hole 5 is provided at each intersection.

[0047] There are eleven auxiliary holes 5, two are arranged at the three-division points of the second arch line 741, two are arranged at the midpoints of the two first vertical lines 743, three are arranged at the four-division points of the first horizontal line 742, and four are arranged at the intersections of the second arch line 741, the first horizontal line 742 and the two first vertical lines 743.

[0048] The contour line is composed of the third arch line 751, the second horizontal line 752 and the two second vertical lines 753. A contour hole 6 is provided at each of the six points of the third arch line 751; a contour hole 6 is provided at each of the four points of the second horizontal line 752; a contour hole 6 is provided at each of the three points of the two second vertical lines 753; and an auxiliary hole 5 is provided at each of the intersections of the third arch line 751, the second horizontal line 752 and the two second vertical lines 753.

[0049] A contour hole 6 is provided at each of the four equal points of the second horizontal line 752, a contour hole 6 is provided at each of the six equal points of the third arch line 751, a contour hole 6 is provided at each of the three equal points of the two second vertical lines 753, and a contour hole 6 is provided at each of the intersections of the third arch line 751, the second horizontal line 752 and the two second vertical lines 753; there are sixteen contour holes 6 in total.

[0050] The apertures of the slotting hole 2, the expansion hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6 are the same, generally 42 mm; the aperture of the central hollow hole 1 is 3-3.5 times the aperture of the slotting hole 2, and the optimal value is 130 mm.

[0051] In addition, the centers of the cut holes 2, the expanded holes 3, the caving holes 4 and the auxiliary holes 5 are all on the corresponding lines, for example, the centers of the cut holes 2 are all located on the sides of the square 71. The contour holes 6 are inscribed inside the contour line to better control the tunnel forming.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The present invention discloses an exploration adit drilling and blasting construction method, which adopts a one-time blasting full-section excavation method and cyclic feeding blasting, and comprises the following steps 1 to 5.

[0054] Step 1: Mark the positions of the central empty hole 1, slot hole 2, expansion hole 3, collapse hole 4, auxiliary hole 5 and contour hole 6 according to the blasting design.

[0055] Through measurement and positioning, the center line, top arch elevation, bottom plate elevation, etc. of the tunnel are found, and the blast hole positions are marked according to the blasting design. The error shall not exceed 5cm.

[0056] Step 2: Drill the center hole 1, the slot hole 2, the expansion hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6 in sequence.

[0057] Specifically, the diameter of the central hollow hole 1 is 130mm, and the diameters of the slot hole 2, the expansion slot hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6 are all 42mm. The depth of the slot hole 2 is about 10% deeper than the expansion slot hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6. The drilling depth of the slot hole 2 is 3m-3.3m, and the other holes are 2.8m-3m; the construction of the contour hole 6 requires an external insertion angle of 1°~2°, and the circumferential error of the hole is not more than 5cm. The hole error of the slot hole 2 is not more than 3cm, and the hole opening error of other blast holes is not more than 10cm. During the drilling process, the blast hole level is adjusted according to the position of the rock hole and the degree of concavity of the rock on the face to ensure that the blast hole bottom is on the same plane.

[0058] In addition, the central empty hole 1 can be drilled with a 100B down-the-hole drill, with a drilling length of about 6m each time, an effective hole depth of 5.8-5.9m, and a single blasting footage of 2.3-2.5m; the slot hole 2, the slot expansion hole 3, the cave-in hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6 can be drilled with a YT-28 drill, with a drilling length of 3m-3.3m each time, an effective hole depth of 2.8-2.9m, and a single blasting footage of 1.8-2.2m. Traditional drilling generally uses a hand-pneumatic drill, and the innovative use of a 100B down-the-hole drill and a YT-28 drill has significantly improved the efficiency of drilling compared to a hand-pneumatic drill, and the efficiency of a single blasting is increased by about 15%.

[0059] Step 3: Charge and plug the slotting hole 2, the slot expansion hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6.

[0060] The charge is uncoupled; the central empty hole 1 is not charged, and other holes are continuously charged, and only the non-bottom side holes of the contour hole 6 are charged with air intervals. In addition, the blasthole is blocked: the general length of the gun mud blockage is not less than 30cm.

[0061] Step 4: Network and detonate the cutout hole 2, the expansion hole 3, the collapse hole 4, the auxiliary hole 5 and the contour hole 6.

[0062] Connect the detonation network, detonate the groove hole 2 to create an open surface, then detonate the expansion hole 3, the collapse hole 4, and the auxiliary hole 5, detonate from the inside to the outside, peel off layer by layer, and finally detonate the contour hole 6. The delay time of each section of the detonator should not be less than 50ms.

[0063] Specific as Figure 2 As shown, from inside to outside from ①- It is divided into eleven sections and detonated in sequence. Figure 2The first section is connected by solid lines, the first section is: two notched holes 2 at the midpoints of the two vertical sides of the square 71; the second section is: two notched holes 2 at the midpoints of the two horizontal sides of the square 71; the third section is: two notched holes 2 on one diagonal of the square 71; the fourth section is: two notched holes 2 on the other diagonal of the square 71; the fifth section is: four expanded slot holes 3 at the four vertices on the rhombus 72; the sixth section is: three collapse holes 4 on the first arch line 73; the seventh section is: three auxiliary holes 5 at the quarter-division points of the first horizontal line 742; the eighth section is: four auxiliary holes 5 on the second arch line 741; the ninth section is: a total of four auxiliary holes 5 at the midpoints and bottoms of the two first vertical lines 743, and a contour hole 6 at the midpoint of the second horizontal line 752; the tenth section is: a total of four contour holes 6 at the quarter-division points of the two second vertical lines 753, and two contour holes 6 at the quarter-division points of the second horizontal line 752 excluding the midpoint; The segments are: the contour holes 6 at the two end points of the second horizontal line 752 , and the seven contour holes 6 on the third arch line 751 .

[0064] Step 5: Smoke and dust reduction. Use a combination of spraying and ventilation to disperse smoke and reduce dust. After blasting, the blasting smoke and blasting dust on the construction surface need to be discharged in time to create a good working environment for subsequent blasting effect inspection, slag removal, rock drilling and other work. Generally, wind belt ventilation is used alone. The axial flow fan manager turns on the axial flow fan and ventilates the cave for at least 50 minutes. With wind belt ventilation + automatic spraying, each blasting cycle takes about 20 minutes, which greatly shortens the single cycle and has significant effects.

[0065] In summary, the above-mentioned small-diameter exploration adit blasting construction method has the following beneficial effects: saving the use of pyrotechnic materials and reducing construction costs; ensuring construction progress and blasting effects, improving construction efficiency, and shortening the project construction period.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that after reading the present invention, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation methods of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A drilling arrangement structure for exploration adit blasting, characterized in that: It includes a central hollow hole (1), a slot hole (2), an expanded slot hole (3), a cave-in hole (4), an auxiliary hole (5) and a contour hole (6). The excavation section of the exploration adit is arched at the top and rectangular at the bottom. On the excavation section: The central hollow hole (1) is arranged in the middle of the excavated section; A plurality of the cutout holes (2) are arranged at intervals along the sides of a square (71); the square (71) surrounds the central hollow hole (1) and is concentric with the central hollow hole (1); one pair of sides of the square (71) are vertical and the other pair of sides are horizontal; A plurality of the expansion slot holes (3) are arranged at intervals along the side of a rhombus (72); the rhombus (72) surrounds the square (71) and is concentric with the square (71); one diagonal of the rhombus (72) is vertical and the other diagonal is horizontal; A plurality of the cave-in holes (4) are arranged at intervals along a first arch line (73); the first arch line (73) is located at the top of the rhombus (72) and is equal to the horizontal width of the rhombus (72); the first arch line (73) is parallel to the upper arch section of the contour line of the excavation section; The auxiliary holes (5) are arranged at intervals along a contour similarity line; the contour similarity line surrounds the first arch line (73) and the rhombus (72), and is composed of a second arch line (741), a first horizontal line (742) and two first vertical lines (743); the second arch line (741) is parallel to the upper arch section of the contour line; A plurality of contour holes (6) are arranged at intervals along the contour line of the excavation section, and the contour line surrounds the contour similarity line.

2. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The height of the central hollow hole (1) is equal to 0.4-0.45 times the height of the excavated section.

3. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side length of the square (71) is 0.10-0.15 times the width of the excavated section; and a groove hole (2) is respectively arranged at the four vertices and the midpoints of the four sides of the square (71).

4. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal diagonal length of the rhombus (72) is 0.3-0.35 times the width of the excavation section, and the vertical diagonal length is 0.3-0.35 times the height of the excavation section; and each of the four vertices of the rhombus (72) is provided with an expansion slot hole (3).

5. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the first arch line (73) and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.28-0.33 times the height of the excavation section; and one of the collapse holes (4) is respectively arranged at the two end points and the center of the first arch line (73).

6. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the second arch line (741) and the upper arch section of the contour line is 0.15-0.20 times the height of the excavation section, and one of the auxiliary holes (5) is provided at each of the three equally divided points of the second arch line (741); The first horizontal line (742) is arranged horizontally, and its length is 0.6-0.65 times the length of the bottom horizontal section of the contour line; one auxiliary hole (5) is provided at each of the four equally divided points of the first horizontal line (742); The two first vertical lines (743) are both arranged vertically and symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central hollow hole (1), and one auxiliary hole (5) is respectively disposed at the midpoint of the two first vertical lines (743); The second arch line (741), the first horizontal line (742) and the two first vertical lines (743) are connected to each other in a closed loop, and one auxiliary hole (5) is provided at each intersection.

7. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contour line is composed of a third arch line (751), a second horizontal line (752) and two second vertical lines (753); One contour hole (6) is provided at each of six equally divided points of the third arch line (751); One contour hole (6) is provided at each of the four equally divided points of the second horizontal line (752); One of the contour holes (6) is provided at each of the three equal points of the two second vertical lines (753); One auxiliary hole (5) is provided at each intersection of the third arch line (751), the second horizontal line (752) and the two second vertical lines (753).

8. The exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The apertures of the groove hole (2), the expanded groove hole (3), the collapse hole (4), the auxiliary hole (5) and the contour hole (6) are the same; the aperture of the central hollow hole (1) is 3-3.5 times the aperture of the groove hole (2).

9. A method for exploration adit blasting construction based on the exploration adit blasting hole arrangement structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Mark the positions of the central empty hole (1), the slot hole (2), the expansion hole (3), the collapse hole (4), the auxiliary hole (5) and the contour hole (6) according to the blasting design; Step 2: drilling a central hollow hole (1), a slot hole (2), an expanded slot hole (3), a collapse hole (4), an auxiliary hole (5) and a contour hole (6) in sequence; Step 3: charging and plugging the slotting hole (2), the slot expansion hole (3), the cave-in hole (4), the auxiliary hole (5) and the contour hole (6); Step 4: Detonate the cutout hole (2), the expansion hole (3), the cave-in hole (4), the auxiliary hole (5) and the contour hole (6) in a network; Step 5: Disperse smoke and reduce dust.

10. The method for exploration adit blasting construction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step 4 comprises: all the blast holes are detonated in sequence in eleven sections from the inside to the outside.

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