Pre-whirling nozzle device for active air inlet adjusting function of pre-whirling air supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engine pre-whirl air supply systems, in particular to a pre-whirl nozzle device with an air inlet active adjusting function for a pre-whirl air supply system, which comprises a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring, a baffle plate, a driving assembly, a transmission assembly and a plurality of rotating shafts, one end of the nozzle penetrates through the nozzle outer ring in the radial direction and then is rotationally connected to the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner ring; the baffle plate is arranged on the rotating shaft in the blade hole type nozzle flow channel of the nozzle inner ring and is used for shielding the blade hole type nozzle flow channel; the output end of the driving assembly is connected with the end part of one rotating shaft through a transmission shaft; the input end of the transmission assembly is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft connected with a transmission shaft, and the output end of the transmission assembly is in transmission connection with other rotating shafts; the driving assembly drives the baffle to rotate through the transmission assembly so as to adjust the shielding area of the baffle on the blade hole type nozzle flow channel. The response speed and the adjustment efficiency of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of a pre-swirl air supply system for an aero-engine, and in particular to a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system. Background Art

[0002] The development of aero engines plays an extremely important role in the progress and development of aircraft. Increasing the gas temperature before the turbine is one of the main ways to improve engine performance. The continuous increase in the gas temperature before the turbine puts higher requirements on blade cooling technology. Taking the F135 model as an example, its gas inlet temperature is as high as 2260K, which not only exceeds the temperature resistance limit of 1470K of the high-pressure turbine rotor blade material, but also exceeds the temperature resistance limit of 1200K of powder metallurgy materials, and even exceeds the temperature resistance limit of 1920K of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials planned to be used in the new generation of fighters. In this high-temperature environment, the hot end components of the engine are subjected to huge heat loads, which are prone to thermal fatigue and high-temperature creep. In severe cases, it may cause the fracture of the turbine disk or rotor blades, thereby causing serious air safety accidents. According to relevant statistics, the failure of high-temperature components accounts for as much as 80% of engine failures. Advanced material processes and cooling technologies can ensure the normal operation of turbine rotors in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Studies have shown that the proportion of cooling technology is 60%, which is greater than the proportion of materials at 40%. When the material approaches the limit temperature, if the wall temperature of the turbine rotor is reduced by 15K, its service life can be doubled. Therefore, a well-designed secondary air system can ensure the normal operation of aircraft engines at temperatures higher than the material's temperature resistance limit. Among them, the pre-swirl air supply system has been studied by domestic and foreign scholars because of its huge cooling potential.

[0003] From the perspective of cooling effect alone, the more cooling air is used, the better the effect. However, the cooling air drawn from the compressor will not work in the turbine, which will reduce the thrust generated by the engine. Therefore, the amount of bleed air in the pre-swirl air supply system will directly affect the performance of the whole machine. Studies have found that for every 1% increase in bleed air, the engine thrust is lost by about 2%. When the Mach number is lower than 1.2, the fuel consumption rate increases by 0.7% to 0.9%, and when it is higher than 1.2, the fuel consumption rate increases by 1.2% to 1.4%. Taking the high bypass ratio turbofan engine as the research object, a turbine cooling algorithm that considers the amount of cooling air and the cooling efficiency loss is introduced into the whole machine performance calculation model. It is found that if the amount of cooling air is reduced by 20%, the unit thrust of the engine can be increased by 3% and the fuel consumption is reduced by 0.9%. Therefore, reducing the amount of cooling air is an effective way to improve engine performance.

[0004] Based on the structure of the traditional pre-swirl air supply system, the currently commonly used adjustable pre-swirl nozzle solution is to divide the nozzle into a normally open flow path and an adjustable flow path. When the engine is running under high operating conditions, all flow paths are open, and when it is running under low operating conditions, the adjustable flow path can be closed to reduce the amount of cold air used. However, under the current development trend of variable cycle engines, the changes in operating conditions are more frequent and more complex. The traditional adjustable nozzle adjustment time is too long and not flexible enough, resulting in a low response speed of the system.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pre-swirl nozzle device for actively adjusting the air intake function of a pre-swirl air supply system to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake adjustment of a pre-swirl air supply system, so as to solve the problem that when the engine is running under high working conditions, all flow paths are open, and when it is running under low working conditions, the adjustable flow paths can be closed, thereby reducing the amount of cold air. However, under the current development trend of variable cycle engines, the changes in working conditions are more frequent and more complex, and the traditional adjustable nozzle adjustment time is too long and not flexible enough, resulting in the problem of low system response speed.

[0007] A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, comprising: a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring is fixedly mounted on the nozzle inner ring, a plurality of leaf hole nozzle blades are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner ring, a leaf hole nozzle flow channel is formed between adjacent leaf hole nozzle blades, a plurality of air inlet holes connected to the leaf hole nozzle flow channel are evenly arranged on the nozzle outer ring, and further comprising: A plurality of rotating shafts are evenly arranged around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of the rotating shafts passes through the outer ring of the nozzle in a radial direction and is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring of the nozzle; A baffle, disposed on a rotating shaft in a vane hole type nozzle flow channel of an inner ring of the nozzle, for shielding the vane hole type nozzle flow channel; A drive assembly, the output end of which is connected to the end of one of the rotating shafts through a transmission shaft; and a transmission assembly, the input end of which is used for transmission connection with a rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft, and the output end of which is used for transmission connection with other rotating shafts; The driving assembly drives the baffle to rotate through the transmission assembly to adjust the shielding area of ​​the baffle on the leaf hole nozzle flow channel.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes: a transmission ring and multiple transmission rods, the transmission ring is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring, one end of each transmission rod is connected to a rotating shaft, the other ends of all transmission rods are rotatably connected to the transmission ring, and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring.

[0009] Preferably, the driving assembly comprises: a driving motor, which is arranged on the outer edge of the engine casing, and an output end of which is connected to the transmission shaft through a coupling.

[0010] Preferably, grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle are provided on the inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring.

[0011] Preferably, the baffle is arranged at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle.

[0012] Preferably, there is an interference fit between the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring.

[0013] A pre-swirl air supply system comprises the pre-swirl nozzle device of the present invention.

[0014] An aircraft engine comprises the pre-swirl air supply system of the present invention.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Since the traditional pre-swirl nozzle relies on the valve on the upstream compressor side to control the flow area, this adjustment method has the problems of long response time and low adjustment accuracy. The air intake of the pre-swirl nozzle of the present invention is directly controlled by the angle of the baffle, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the air intake of the pre-swirl nozzle, thereby significantly improving the response speed and adjustment efficiency of the system.

[0016] 2. The adjustable nozzle in the conventional technology can usually only be switched between fully open and closed, which limits its adaptability under different working conditions. The pre-swirl nozzle of the present invention controls the driving assembly to drive the baffle to rotate according to the air entrainment demand, and the baffle blocks the air intake area of ​​the pre-swirl nozzle, thereby maintaining the best performance under various air entrainment demands.

[0017] 3. The baffle of the present invention is located at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle, that is, in the solid domain. That is, when the air intake volume is normal, the air intake baffle is located at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle, which will not affect the flow characteristics of the nozzle. When the air intake flow rate is too large, the driving device rotates one of the baffles, and the other air intake baffles are linked through the transmission ring. The inlet resistance of the nozzle is changed by changing the angle of the baffle, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the nozzle flow rate. This design ensures that the gas flow characteristics in the pre-swirl nozzle are not affected, and maintains the efficient air intake capacity of the nozzle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a side view of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of point I in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the middle BB; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged view of II in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of position III in the middle; Fig. 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of position IV in the middle; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive assembly, the transmission shaft and the transmission assembly; Fig.11 for Fig.10 The main view of Fig.12 is a perspective view of a pre-swirl nozzle device; Fig.13 Three-dimensional structural diagram of the inner ring of the nozzle of the pre-swirl nozzle device.

[0020] In the figure: 1. driving motor; 2. engine casing; 3. transmission shaft; 4. transmission ring; 5. transmission rod; 6. baffle; 7. leaf hole type nozzle blade; 8. air inlet hole; 9. leaf hole type nozzle flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] An embodiment of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring, a baffle 6, a drive assembly, a transmission assembly and a plurality of rotating shafts, and the nozzle inner ring is fixedly mounted with the nozzle outer ring, such as Fig.12 As shown, a plurality of leaf hole nozzle blades 7 are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner ring, and a leaf hole nozzle flow channel 9 is formed between adjacent leaf hole nozzle blades 7. Figure 3 and Fig.12 As shown, a plurality of air inlet holes 8 connected to the vane-hole nozzle flow channel 9 are evenly arranged on the outer ring of the nozzle. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, multiple rotating shafts are evenly arranged around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of the rotating shaft radially passes through the outer ring of the nozzle and is rotatably connected to the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring of the nozzle. One end of the rotating shaft away from the outer ring of the nozzle is connected to the output end of the driving component through the transmission shaft 3, and the baffle 6 is arranged on the rotating shaft in the blade hole type nozzle flow channel 9 of the inner ring of the nozzle, which is used to block the blade hole type nozzle flow channel 9; the input end of the transmission component is used for transmission connection with the rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft 3, and the output end of the transmission component is used for transmission connection with other rotating shafts; wherein, the driving component drives the baffle 6 to rotate through the transmission component to adjust the shielding area of ​​the baffle 6 on the blade hole type nozzle flow channel 9; the transmission ring 4 and the transmission rod 5 are rotatably connected by a ball bearing, and the inner ring of the ball bearing can move up and down along the pin on the transmission ring.

[0023] It should be noted that the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring are processed separately, and the blade hole type nozzle blades 7 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the nozzle inner ring, and a blade hole type nozzle flow channel 9 is formed between two adjacent blade hole type nozzle blades 7. The pre-swirl nozzle blade height is equal to the radial height of the blade hole type nozzle blade profile solid domain. The present embodiment adopts a blade hole type pre-swirl nozzle. When the nozzle is fully open, the baffle 6 is located on the blade hole type nozzle blade profile solid domain side and does not affect the normal flow; the blade hole type pre-swirl nozzle of the present embodiment adopts the blade hole type pre-swirl nozzle of patent number CN20150472608.9, and is based on the blade hole type pre-swirl nozzle and designs a linked baffle adjustment mechanism, so that the present invention can achieve more efficient and flexible flow control, thereby improving the overall performance and stability of the system.

[0024] like Figure 6 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the transmission assembly includes: a transmission ring 4 and a plurality of transmission rods 5. The transmission ring 4 is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring. One end of each transmission rod 5 is connected to a rotating shaft. The other ends of all the transmission rods 5 are rotatably connected to the transmission ring 4, and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring 4.

[0025] like Figure 6 As shown, the driving assembly includes: a driving motor 1, which is arranged on the outer edge of the engine casing 2, and the output end of which is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through a coupling.

[0026] like Fig.13 and Fig.12 As shown, grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle 6 are provided on the inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring.

[0027] Specifically, the baffle 6 is arranged at the leading edge of the leaf hole type nozzle blade 7 .

[0028] Specifically, there is an interference fit of 0.1 mm between the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring.

[0029] A pre-swirl air supply system comprises the pre-swirl nozzle device of the present invention.

[0030] An aircraft engine comprises the pre-swirl air supply system of the present invention.

[0031] Specific working principle When using, Figure 6 As shown, according to the demand for air intake, the driving motor 1 of the driving assembly is controlled to rotate, so as to drive the rotating shaft to rotate through the transmission shaft 3, and the transmission rod 5 on the rotating shaft drives it to rotate around the nozzle axis, so that the transmission ring 4 moves axially and circumferentially at the same time, thereby driving other rotating shafts to rotate, so that all rotating shafts rotate synchronously, that is, the baffle 6 on the rotating shaft rotates synchronously, and the baffle 6 rotates from the solid domain side of the blade 7 of the leaf hole type nozzle to the fluid domain side, so as to adjust the shielding area of ​​the leaf hole type nozzle flow channel 9 by the baffle 6, that is, in this process, the area of ​​the inlet flow channel of multiple leaf hole type nozzle flow channels 9 is adjusted simultaneously, thereby increasing the efficiency of the adjustment.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system, comprising: The nozzle inner ring is fitted and fixed with the nozzle outer ring, a plurality of leaf hole type nozzle blades (7) are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner ring, a leaf hole type nozzle flow channel (9) is formed between adjacent leaf hole type nozzle blades (7), and a plurality of air inlet holes (8) connected to the leaf hole type nozzle flow channel (9) are evenly arranged on the nozzle outer ring, characterized in that it also includes: A plurality of rotating shafts are evenly arranged around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of the rotating shafts passes through the outer ring of the nozzle in a radial direction and is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring of the nozzle; A baffle (6) is disposed on a rotating shaft in the vane hole type nozzle flow channel (9) of the inner ring of the nozzle and is used to shield the vane hole type nozzle flow channel (9); A drive assembly, the output end of which is connected to the end of one of the rotating shafts via a transmission shaft (3); and a transmission assembly, the input end of which is used for transmission connection with a rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft (3), and the output end of which is used for transmission connection with another rotating shaft; The driving assembly drives the baffle plate (6) to rotate via the transmission assembly, so as to adjust the shielding area of ​​the baffle plate (6) on the leaf hole nozzle flow channel (9).

2. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly comprises: a transmission ring (4) and a plurality of transmission rods (5); the transmission ring (4) is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the inner ring of the nozzle; one end of each transmission rod (5) is connected to a rotating shaft; the other ends of all the transmission rods (5) are rotatably connected to the transmission ring (4), and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring (4).

3. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises: a driving motor (1), which is arranged on the outer edge of an engine casing (2), and whose output end is connected to a transmission shaft (3) via a coupling.

4. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring are both provided with grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle plate (6).

5. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle (6) is arranged on the leading edge of the leaf hole type nozzle blade (7).

6. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is an interference fit between the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring.

7. A pre-swirl air supply system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pre-swirl nozzle device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An aircraft engine, characterized in that: Includes the pre-swirl air supply system as described in claim 7.

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