Charging device for presplitting blasting and presplitting blasting construction method

Abstract

The charging device comprises a containing cylinder, charging barrels and a filling structure, the containing cylinder is of a bendable cylindrical structure, the charging barrels are used for containing cartridges, the multiple charging barrels are distributed in the axial direction of the containing cylinder, the charging barrels are connected to the surface of the same side of the containing cylinder, and the filling structure is arranged between the charging barrels and the containing cylinder. The filling structure is formed by filling a wall protecting material in a containing barrel, and the charging device for presplitting blasting is installed in a blast hole with the side where the charging barrel is located as the charging side facing a rock mass to be blasted and the side where the filling structure is located as the wall protecting side facing a reserved rock mass. The charging device for presplitting blasting is simple in structure and convenient to transport and construct, the operation difficulty and strength of personnel are reduced, the charging hole entering efficiency is effectively improved, the damage degree of presplitting blasting to reserved rock mass can be effectively reduced, and the presplitting blasting quality is improved. The invention further provides a presplitting blasting construction method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a charging device for pre-splitting blasting and a pre-splitting blasting construction method. Background Art

[0002] Pre-splitting blasting means that when excavating rock, a through crack with a certain width is first blasted along the design contour line between the blasted rock mass side and the retained rock mass side before blasting in the main blasting area. This is to buffer and reflect the vibration wave of the excavation blasting, control its destructive effect on the retained rock mass, and obtain a relatively flat excavation contour. This scheme is a commonly used controlled blasting method in the excavation construction from open-pit mines to the boundary side. Its basic operating principle is to arrange a row of dense blastholes with a small hole spacing along the design contour line as pre-splitting blastholes, use weak charge and uncoupled charge to charge in the blastholes, and detonate before blasting the blastholes in the main blasting area. The through pre-cracks formed can effectively block or reflect the propagation of the blasting vibration wave of the main blasting area into the retained rock mass, reduce the damage to the retained rock mass caused by the harmful effects of the blasting vibration generated in the main blasting area, and are widely used in blasting construction under complex geological conditions, such as blasting construction from open-pit mines to boundary slopes, hydraulic structures, traffic cuttings and docks.

[0003] In the current pre-splitting blasting construction process, the method of bundling emulsion explosive rolls with bamboo strips is generally used for charging, that is, a certain amount of standard emulsion explosive small rolls (diameter 32mm) are tied to bamboo strips with detonating cords according to the designed spacing using adhesive tape, that is, bamboo strips are used as a tool to fix the rolls along the depth direction of the blasthole, thereby forming a long strip of explosive packages corresponding to the blasthole. However, due to the inclination of the step slope of the general open-pit mine, the depth of the pre-splitting blasthole is 12 to 17m. When the length of the bamboo strips is not enough, one or more bamboo strips need to be tied with wire to extend to the use length, and when drilling, 2 to 3 people are required to use nylon ropes to slowly put the processed long strip of explosive packages into the designated position in the hole, and then use cardboard or woven bags to block the hole to a certain position, and then use rock chips or gravel to fill the hole. Finally, the exposed detonating cord is connected to the detonator outside the blasthole for detonation. Taking into account the high labor intensity of using bamboo chips, the large amount of preparation work, and the inconvenience of purchasing and transportation, there have been plans in recent years to use PVC pipes instead of bamboo chips for pre-splitting blasting construction.

[0004] However, whether bamboo pieces or PVC pipes are used, it is obvious that the workload of on-site charging in the construction process of this type of scheme is very large, time-consuming, and requires a large number of operators, which is not conducive to the safety management of the blasting site. PVC pipes and bamboo pieces are both hard (semi-rigid) materials. The required long strips of medicine bags must be processed next to the blasthole before they can be put into the blasthole as a whole. It is not possible to charge while entering the blasthole, which makes the initial preparation time longer. In addition, due to the restrictions of the growing area and season, it is not easy to buy bamboo in non-bamboo producing areas, and because the bamboo is long, the transportation conditions are more stringent; the required length of PVC pipes is also long, and they cannot be broken. It is difficult and costly to extend the PVC pipe, making it difficult to manage transportation. In addition, the processed bamboo pieces usually have burrs, which can easily scratch the operators during the processing of the medicine strips and the insertion of the holes, and the bundled medicine rolls of PVC pipes are easy to slide.

[0005] In addition to the various defects that affect the large-scale promotion and use of pre-splitting blasting, such as the large amount of preparation work, low charging efficiency, low hole entry efficiency, inconvenient transportation, and poor construction quality, more importantly, in the current construction plans of this type, almost no measures are taken to reduce the damage to the retained rock mass caused by blasting. The explosives in the pre-splitting blastholes can almost be said to be directly facing the retained rock mass. The explosion of the explosives can easily cause great damage and destruction to the strength and integrity of the retained rock mass, seriously affecting the construction quality of the pre-splitting blasting. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pre-splitting blasting charging device in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, which has a simple structure, is easy to transport and construct, reduces the difficulty and intensity of personnel operation, effectively improves the efficiency of charging into the hole, and can effectively reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass by the pre-splitting blasting itself, thereby improving the quality of the pre-splitting blasting. The present invention also provides a pre-splitting blasting construction method.

[0007] The present invention provides a charging device for pre-splitting blasting, comprising a containing tube, a charging tube and a filling structure. The containing tube is a bendable cylindrical structure. The charging tube is used to accommodate a medicine roll. A plurality of charging tubes are provided and distributed along the axial direction of the containing tube. Each charging tube is connected to the same side surface of the containing tube. The filling structure is formed by filling a wall protection material in the containing tube. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting uses the side where the charging tube is located as the charging side facing the blasted rock mass and uses the side where the filling structure is located as the wall protection side facing the retained rock mass, and is installed in a blasthole.

[0008] Furthermore, the filling structure includes a wall protection structure, the wall protection material used in the filling structure includes a non-Newtonian fluid, and the wall protection structure is formed by filling the non-Newtonian fluid in the accommodating cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the filling structure also includes a buffer structure, and the wall protection material used in the filling structure also includes fine sand. The interior of the accommodating tube is divided into two areas along the direction from the charging side to the wall protection side. The wall protection structure is formed by filling a non-Newtonian fluid in the area of ​​the accommodating tube close to the wall protection side, and the buffer structure is formed by filling fine sand in the area of ​​the accommodating tube close to the charging side.

[0010] Furthermore, the accommodating tube includes a plurality of tube segments which are rigid structures. The tube segments are arranged along the same axis and connected end to end to form the accommodating tube as a whole. Two adjacent tube segments are connected by flexible material so that the accommodating tube has a bendable cylindrical structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the barrel section is a cylindrical structure with an arched cross-section formed by an arcuate surface and a flat surface, the arcuate surface of the barrel section protruding outward serves as a surface facing the protective wall, and the drug cartridge is connected to the flat surface of the barrel section.

[0012] Furthermore, hooks and slots are provided on both end faces of the barrel segment. In two adjacent barrel segments, the hook on one barrel segment and the slot on the other barrel segment correspond to each other. The barrel segments are connected by abutting each other with their end faces and embedding the hooks in the slots.

[0013] Furthermore, the accommodating tube is a cylindrical structure made of a flexible material, and after being filled and supported by the wall protection material, the accommodating tube presents a cylindrical structure with a special cross-section, and in the cylindrical structure with a special cross-section formed by the accommodating tube, the surface facing the wall protection side and the surface facing the charging side are both curved surfaces convex toward the wall protection side, so that the charging tube containing the medicine roll is located in a recessed area of ​​the filling structure that is close to the charging side.

[0014] Furthermore, the accommodating tube includes a first curved surface and a third curved surface, and both side edges of the first curved surface are respectively connected to both side edges of the third curved surface to form an outer side surface of the accommodating tube. The first curved surface and the third curved surface are respectively facing the charging side and the protective wall side, and each charging tube is connected to the first curved surface. In the cross-section of the accommodating tube, the length of the third curved surface is greater than the length of the first curved surface, so that after the accommodating tube is filled and propped up by the protective wall material, the third curved surface is a curved surface convex toward the protective wall side.

[0015] Furthermore, the accommodating tube also includes a tie surface, which ties the inner side surface of the accommodating tube along the direction from the charging side to the protective wall side to tighten the first curved surface in the direction of the third curved surface, so that after the accommodating tube is filled and propped up by the protective wall material, the first curved surface is a curved surface convex toward the protective wall side, so that the drug-loading tube containing the medicine roll is located in a recessed area in the filling structure that is close to the charging side.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of the drug-filled cartridges are grouped as one group, and a plurality of groups of drug-filled cartridges are provided, and the drug-filled cartridges in each group are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the accommodating tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the axial distance between two adjacent groups of drug cartridges is greater than or equal to one quarter of the length of the drug roll.

[0018] Furthermore, the charging device for pre-splitting blasting also includes a guide section, on which an inner hole allowing the detonating cord to pass is opened along the axial direction of the accommodating tube, and is used to guide the detonating cord. There are multiple guide sections, which are distributed between each two adjacent assembled cartridges along the axial direction of the accommodating tube.

[0019] The present invention also provides a pre-splitting blasting construction method, using the above-mentioned pre-splitting blasting charging device, the method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Transport the explosive rolls, wall protection materials, detonating cords, and pre-splitting blasting charging devices to the blast holes at the operation site for standby use;

[0021] Installing the detonating cord on the pre-splitting blasting charging device;

[0022] The charge roll is loaded into the charge barrel of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount, and the segments of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting loaded with the charge roll are fed into the blast hole one by one;

[0023] After the pre-splitting blasting charge device is delivered into the blast hole, the wall protection material is filled into the containing tube to form a filling structure;

[0024] Fill the mouth of the blasthole and detonate according to predetermined requirements to complete the pre-splitting blasting.

[0025] Further, a plurality of the charge cartridges are taken as a group, and the plurality of assembled charge cartridges are evenly connected to the accommodating tube along the axial direction of the accommodating tube, and the charge device for pre-splitting blasting is divided into three areas from the bottom to the top of the blasthole, and the charge roll is loaded into the charge cartridge of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount, specifically including:

[0026] In the bottom area, multiple rolls of medicine are loaded into each assembled cartridge;

[0027] In the middle region, a single pill roll is loaded into each assembled cartridge;

[0028] In the top area, individual cartridges are loaded into each alternate assembly.

[0029] Further, filling the wall protection material into the accommodating tube to form the filling structure specifically includes: filling the wall protection material into the accommodating tube until the filling height of the wall protection material is greater than the filling height of the medicine roll, so that the formed filling structure is not lower than the top of the topmost medicine roll.

[0030] A pre-splitting blasting charging device of the present invention comprises a cylindrical charging barrel for accommodating medicine rolls. The medicine rolls can be placed in the charging barrel directly through the opening of the charging barrel during charging, without the need for binding and pasting operations such as tape and binding ropes as in the past. This arrangement eliminates a large amount of on-site preparation work, greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of personnel operation, and effectively improves the charging efficiency. The accommodating barrel is used as a component for connecting each charging barrel, and the accommodating barrel is a bendable cylindrical structure. Therefore, the length of the pre-splitting blasting charging device is controllable, and the whole can be placed and transported in a more convenient way. Compared with traditional bamboo pieces and PVC pipes, it is not only more convenient to transport, but also the length can be freely selected according to needs, eliminating the need for continuous connection operations. Moreover, the bendable device can realize the charging while gradually placing the device into the blasthole section by section. A single person can complete the operation, and it is no longer necessary to pack all the medicine packages before placing the long medicine packages, eliminating redundant labor, optimizing the operation process, and further effectively improving the charging efficiency.

[0031] In addition to the above-mentioned beneficial effects, more importantly, the accommodating tube of the device not only serves as a connecting and installing component for each charge cartridge, but the area inside the tube also provides a accommodating space for the wall protection material. Each charge cartridge is connected to the same side of the accommodating tube, so that the wall protection material in the accommodating tube forms a filling structure arranged in the same direction of the charge cartridge, thereby being able to serve as a wall protection to withstand the impact generated by the explosion of the charge roll. Therefore, the charging device for pre-splitting blasting uses the side where the charge cartridge is located as the charging side facing the blasted rock mass, and uses the side where the filling structure is located as the wall protection side facing the retained rock mass. When installed in the blasthole, it can effectively reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass caused by the pre-splitting blasting itself, thereby improving the quality of the pre-splitting blasting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting before charging in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting after charging in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a pre-splitting blasting charging device after charging from the bottom of a blast hole in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a side view of the wall protection side of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a side view of the charging side of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the accommodating tube after the tube sections of the pre-splitting blasting charging device in Example 1 of the present invention are spliced ​​together;

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of each pre-splitting blasting charging device in a blast hole in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the closed state of the cylinder section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the cylinder section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device in Example 1 of the present invention in the extended state;

[0041] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting before charging in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting after charging in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a pre-splitting blasting charging device after charging from the bottom of a blasthole in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.13 is a side view of a charging device for pre-splitting blasting before charging in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.14 is a side view of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting after charging in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.15 is a schematic diagram of each pre-splitting blasting charging device in a blast hole in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.16 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting in the blast hole in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of fixing the charging device for pre-splitting blasting outside the blast hole in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0049] In the figure: 1. accommodating cylinder; 11. first curved surface; 12. second curved surface; 13. third curved surface; 14. tie surface; 15. fine sand cavity; 16. mud cavity; 17. cylinder section; 171. hook; 172. slot; 173. soft plastic skin; 2. charge cartridge; 21. fine wire; 3. filling structure; 31. wall protection structure; 32. buffer structure; 4. medicine roll; 41. enhanced charge section; 42. normal charge section; 43. weakened charge section; 5. blast hole; 6. guide section; 7. detonating cord; 8. fixing rod; 9. stuffer; 91. stuffing material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience and simplification of the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connect", "set", "install", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0054] The existing pre-splitting blasthole charging method usually ties the finished emulsion roll and the detonating cord in series on a PVC pipe or bamboo piece according to the design requirements, and then puts the whole into the blasthole to complete the charging construction operation. This type of pre-splitting blasting construction method often cannot prevent or weaken the damage to the retained rock mass caused by the explosion of explosives in the pre-splitting hole. Combined with the large amount of preparation work, low charging efficiency, low hole entry efficiency, inconvenient transportation, and poor construction quality, it is the main reason for the low efficiency and poor effect of pre-splitting blasting construction. Therefore, in order to improve the charging efficiency and blasting quality of pre-splitting blasting, it is necessary to change the existing manual bundling process and pre-splitting blasting construction method, and design new charging auxiliary materials and new pre-splitting blasting methods. Accordingly, the present invention provides the following embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the charge device for pre-splitting blasting of this embodiment comprises a containing tube 1, a charge tube 2 and a filling structure 3. The containing tube 1 is a bendable cylindrical structure. The charge tube 2 is used to contain a medicine roll 4. A plurality of charge tubes 2 are provided, which are distributed along the axial direction of the containing tube 1, and each charge tube 2 is connected to the same side surface of the containing tube 1. The filling structure 3 is formed by filling the containing tube 1 with a wall protection material. The charge device for pre-splitting blasting is installed in a blasthole 5 with the side where the charge tube 2 is located as the charge side facing the blasted rock mass and the side where the filling structure 3 is located as the wall protection side facing the retained rock mass. Figure 7 shown.

[0057] The device of this embodiment includes a cylindrical charging barrel 2 for accommodating a medicine roll 4. The medicine roll 4 can be placed directly in the charging barrel 2 through the opening of the charging barrel 2 during charging, without the need for binding and pasting operations such as tape, binding rope, etc. as in the past. This setting method eliminates a lot of on-site preparation work, greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of personnel operation, and effectively improves the charging efficiency. The accommodating barrel 1 is used as a component to connect each charging barrel 2. The accommodating barrel 1 is a bendable cylindrical structure. Therefore, the length of the charging device for pre-splitting blasting is controllable, and the whole can be placed and transported in a more convenient way. Compared with traditional bamboo pieces and PVC pipes, it is not only more convenient to transport, but also can freely choose the length according to needs, eliminating the need for continuous connection operations. In addition, the bendable device can be realized while charging while gradually placing the device into the blasthole section by section. A single person can complete the operation, and it is no longer necessary to pack all the medicine packages before placing the long medicine packages, eliminating redundant labor, optimizing the operation process, and further effectively improving the charging efficiency.

[0058] In addition to the above-mentioned beneficial effects, more importantly, the accommodating tube 1 of the device not only serves as a connecting and installing component for each charge cartridge 2, but the area inside the cylinder also provides a accommodating space for the wall protection material. Each charge cartridge 2 is connected to the same side of the accommodating tube 1, so that the wall protection material in the accommodating tube 1 forms a filling structure 3 arranged in the same direction of the charge cartridge 2, so that it can serve as a wall protection to withstand the impact generated by the explosion of the charge roll. Therefore, the charging device for pre-splitting blasting uses the side where the charge cartridge 2 is located as the charging side facing the blasted rock mass, and uses the side where the filling structure is located as the wall protection side facing the retained rock mass. When installed in the blasthole, it can effectively reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass caused by the pre-splitting blasting itself, thereby improving the quality of the pre-splitting blasting.

[0059] In this embodiment, the filling structure 3 includes a wall protection structure 31. The wall protection material used in the filling structure 3 includes a non-Newtonian fluid. The wall protection structure 31 is formed by filling the non-Newtonian fluid in the accommodating tube 1. The non-Newtonian fluid has the characteristic of "being strong when encountering strong and weak when encountering weak". Based on this, the device of this embodiment creatively uses it as a wall protection material to fill the wall protection structure 31, which can play a good barrier and reflection effect when bearing the impact generated by the explosion of the drug roll 4. In addition, the strength of the non-Newtonian fluid is only instantly enhanced when it is impacted, so it can always be in a flowing state before the explosion, so it can keep flowing during the filling process, ensure the integrity of the wall protection, avoid condensation and blockage, and finally cause the discontinuity of the wall protection structure 31.

[0060] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the filling structure 3 also includes a buffer structure 32. The wall protection material used in the filling structure 3 also includes fine sand. The interior of the accommodating tube 1 is divided into two areas along the direction from the charge side to the wall protection side. The wall protection structure 31 is formed by filling a non-Newtonian fluid in the area of ​​the accommodating tube 1 close to the wall protection side, and the buffer structure 32 is formed by filling fine sand in the area of ​​the accommodating tube 1 close to the charge side.

[0061] When the explosives in the hole (volume 4) are detonated, the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation shock wave and explosion gas first impact the fine sand medium on the side of the protective wall. After being buffered by the fine sand medium, the pressure is further transmitted to the non-Newtonian fluid medium. Based on the characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid medium "strong when encountering strong and weak when encountering weak", the buffered detonation shock wave and explosion gas pressure are transmitted to the non-Newtonian fluid medium. At this time, the strength of the non-Newtonian fluid medium is instantly enhanced, which can better block and reflect the impact damage of the detonation shock wave and explosion gas on the retained rock mass behind, thereby playing a better protective role in the retained rock mass behind it.

[0062] Fine sand is used as a buffer material, next to the explosives. After the explosives are detonated, the detonation shock wave formed first acts on the fine sand material. When the fine sand buffer structure is affected by the shock wave, it will be quickly destroyed, but the energy of the detonation shock wave is consumed in the process of being destroyed, which reduces the intensity of the detonation shock wave. At this time, the non-Newtonian fluid is affected by the detonation pressure transmitted by the fine sand buffer material, and its intensity is instantly enhanced. Then the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosion will also be transmitted, and the non-Newtonian fluid effectively blocks the detonation shock wave and the detonation gas from damaging the retained rock mass. Fine sand is used as a buffer in the middle to prevent the detonation shock wave from directly acting on the non-Newtonian fluid at the beginning, directly destroying the non-Newtonian fluid, and ensuring that the non-Newtonian fluid can resist the impact after being strengthened.

[0063] In this embodiment, the particle size range of fine sand is 0.13mm to 0.25mm, and the mud (i.e. the aforementioned non-Newtonian fluid) is selected from clay with a particle size between 10μm and 30μm, which is fully mixed with a suspending agent and stirred with water to form mud. The mass ratio of the three substances is clay: water: suspending agent = 3:1:0.03. The mud under this ratio can be used as a non-Newtonian fluid medium. Its strength increases instantaneously when it is subjected to high-speed impact, and it can effectively protect the retained rock mass from being damaged by the explosion impact pressure. The aforementioned materials can all be conventional fine sand, clay, suspending agents, etc. on the market, which will not be described in detail here.

[0064] In this embodiment, the accommodating tube 1 includes a plurality of tube sections 17, which are rigid structures. Each tube section 17 is arranged along the same axial direction and connected end to end to form the accommodating tube 1 as a whole. Two adjacent tube sections 17 are connected by flexible materials, so that the accommodating tube 1 is a bendable cylindrical structure. In this setting structure, each tube section 17 of the accommodating tube 1 itself is a hard structure, so its structural regularity and controllability are stronger. In the process of loading the medicine roll 4 and the detonating cord 7 into the blast hole 5, it can be ensured that the charging side faces the blasted rock body side and the wall protection side faces the retained rock body side. The tube sections 17 are connected by flexible materials, so that the accommodating tube 1 can be bent, so that the accommodating tube 1 has the characteristics of flexibility, which is not only more convenient to bend and place during transportation, but also can be added and placed section by section during the process of entering the blast hole 5, so as to realize flexible operation by one person. It can be seen that the segmented structure adopted in this embodiment has the advantages of good controllability of a rigid structure and the characteristics of easy transportation and entry into the hole of a flexible structure, while avoiding the defects of the two types of structures.

[0065] In this embodiment, the barrel section 17 is a cylindrical structure with an arched cross section formed by an arcuate curved surface and a flat surface. The arcuate curved surface of the barrel section 17 protruding outward is used as the surface facing the wall protection side, and the charge cartridge 2 is connected to the flat surface of the barrel section 17. The curved surface of the arched cross-section structure fits better with the inner surface of the blasthole 5, and the curved surface structure can also optimize the resistance of the filling structure 3 to impact force. The filling structure 3 is semicircular as a whole, and the volume of the buffer structure 32 and the wall protection structure 31 is the same, which is equivalent to the volume of the buffer structure and the volume of the wall protection structure dividing half of the volume of the blasthole. And ensure that the curvature of the curved surface of the wall protection structure 31 (i.e., the curvature of the curved surface of the accommodating tube 1 facing the wall protection side) is the same as the curvature of the blasthole, and its curvature radius is slightly smaller than the radius of the blasthole, so as to ensure that the accommodating tube 1 can be smoothly placed in the blasthole. In this embodiment, the accommodating tube 1 is a semicircular common PVC tube structure, the wall thickness of the accommodating tube is 2 mm, and a curved surface (made of the same PVC material) is provided inside to divide the interior of the accommodating tube 1 into two areas.

[0066] In this embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5The two end faces of the barrel segment 17 shown are provided with a hook 171 and a slot 172. In two adjacent barrel segments 17, the hook 171 on one barrel segment 17 and the slot 172 on the other barrel segment 17 are in corresponding positions. The barrel segments 17 are connected by abutting each other on the end faces and inserting the hook 171 into the slot 172. Specifically, on each barrel segment 17, a hook 171 is provided on the first side of the first end, a slot 172 is provided on the second side of the first end, a slot 172 is provided on the first side of the second end, and a slot 172 is provided on the second side of the second end. In two adjacent barrel segments 17, the first end face of one barrel segment 17 and the second end face of the other barrel segment 17 are butted against each other, so that the hook 171 on the first side is inserted into the slot 172, and the hook 171 on the second side is inserted into the slot 172, so that the connection and fixation are achieved. A hook 171 may be provided at the middle of the first end of each barrel section 17 , and a slot 172 may be provided at the middle of the second end, so that the three groups of hooks 171 and slots 172 are arranged in an equilateral triangle.

[0067] In the accommodating cylinder 1 designed in this embodiment, each two cylinder sections 17 form a group, and the two cylinder sections 17 are connected by a section of soft plastic skin 173 (flexible material). Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the soft plastic skin 173 is connected to the end surfaces of the two barrel sections 17, and the two barrel sections 17 can rotate 180 degrees around the plastic skin. When closed, the flat surfaces of the two barrel sections 17 are opposite to and fit together, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, this can save storage space and facilitate transportation and taking; when extended, the two cylinder sections 17 are axially distributed, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown, the middle is firmly connected by a section of soft plastic skin 173. During operation, the butt ends of the two barrel segments 17 have hooks 171 and slots 172 respectively. When pushed hard, the hooks 171 and slots 172 of the two barrel segments 17 will be respectively embedded in the slots 172 and hooks 171 of the other party to complete the splicing. Each barrel segment has three hooks 171 and slots 172 at the end, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle, so that the spliced ​​accommodating barrel 1 is more firm and stable.

[0068] Usually, the length of the pre-crack hole is relatively long, and multiple groups of cylinder segments 17 need to be spliced ​​together. The bottom end of the cylinder segment 17 at the bottom of the pre-crack hole is a fully closed structure without hook 171 and slot 172 structures. Starting from its upper end, hooks 171 and slot 172 structures are distributed at both ends of the spliced ​​cylinder segments 17, which facilitates the splicing of the cylinder segments 17. Therefore, in a pre-crack hole, among the cylinder segments 17 included in the accommodating tube 1, one cylinder segment 17 with one end (bottom end) closed and the other end (top end) open is provided and arranged at the bottom, and multiple cylinder segments 17 with both ends open are provided. During the charging process, while charging the drug roll into the charging barrel according to the designed amount of drugs, the accommodating tube 1 can be extended according to demand, and then the loaded accommodating tube 1 is sent into the pre-crack hole section by section, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0069] The accommodating tube 1 of the present embodiment is made of ordinary PVC pipe material, and the two tube sections 17 are connected by a soft plastic skin 173. After being folded in half, they can be stacked in groups for easy transportation and taking. The plastic skin is connected to the plane of the accommodating tube in an integrated manner, and the length of the soft plastic skin 173 at the connection is about 20mm. The length of a single tube section 17 is 1m, so after the two tube sections 17 are stretched out, the total length plus the middle soft plastic skin is 2.02m. The tube section 17 can be processed according to the designed charge amount and in accordance with uniform specifications. When installed in the pre-crack hole, it can be spliced ​​to the last section. According to the charge needs, the middle soft plastic skin can be cut off to meet the actual charge length needs. If the charge length is less than 0.5m, a 0.5m long tube section 17 can be processed separately and spliced ​​to meet the actual charge length needs. The shortest design length of the tube section 17 is 0.5m.

[0070] In this embodiment, a plurality of drug cartridges 2 are grouped together, and a plurality of groups of drug cartridges 2 are provided, and each assembled drug cartridge 2 is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the accommodating tube 1. In this arrangement, each assembled drug cartridge 2 can contain a single drug roll 4, a plurality of drug rolls 4, or no drug roll 4, and each group can contain drug rolls 4 or a group can be alternated before drug rolls 4 are placed, thereby realizing the function of adjusting the amount of drug rolls 4 along the axial direction of the blast hole 5, such as Fig.16 As shown. In this embodiment, the drug-loading cartridge 2 can also be called a drug-loading net bag, which is a hollow cylindrical structure with an open top in the expanded state. The inner layer of the drug-loading net bag (the surface on one side facing the first curved surface 11) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first curved surface 11 by gluing or sewing. Two drug-loading net bags are fixed side by side at the same height on the central longitudinal outer wall of the first curved surface 11 on the drug-loading side, that is, two drug-loading cartridges 2 form a group, and the two drug-loading cartridges 2 are connected by a thin wire 21. In other embodiments, more numbers can also be set as a group as needed. The internal depth of the drug-loading net bag is equal to the length of the pre-loaded drug roll 4 and the inner diameter is 1.10 to 1.15 times the diameter of the pre-loaded drug roll 4. Avoid the drug roll 4 with a diameter that is too large to be loose after being loaded, and ensure that the drug roll 4 can be in close contact or close contact with the detonating cord 7 after being loaded into the drug-loading net bag (avoid the drug roll 4 and the detonating cord 7 being too far away, so that the detonating cord 7 cannot detonate the drug roll 4 and the detonation transmission effect cannot be achieved).

[0071] In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent medicine-charging net bags in the central axial direction of the first curved surface 11 on the medicine-charging side is greater than or equal to one-fourth of the length of the pre-loaded medicine roll 4, that is, the distance between two adjacent assembled medicine cartridges 2 in the axial direction is greater than or equal to one-fourth of the length of the medicine roll 4. This distance facilitates medicine charging and avoids the situation where the distance is too small so that the medicine-charging net bags are close to each other, resulting in the medicine-charging net bag next to the lower one being inconvenient to load the medicine roll after the upper medicine-charging net bag has loaded the medicine roll, or the loading is more troublesome and inconvenient to insert the medicine roll. At the same time, it also avoids the situation where the distance is too large, resulting in the inability to ensure the amount of medicine required for full charging.

[0072] In this embodiment, the device also includes a guide section 6, which has an inner hole along the axial direction of the accommodating tube 1 for allowing the detonating cord 7 to pass through, and is used to guide the detonating cord 7. There are multiple guide sections 6, which are distributed between each two adjacent assembled cartridges 2 along the axial direction of the accommodating tube 1.

[0073] This embodiment can be used in the field of blasting engineering technology, such as deep hole step pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and poor quality of existing pre-splitting blasting charging, high labor intensity of operators, large degree of damage to the retained rock mass by the pre-splitting blasting itself, and poor quality of pre-splitting blasting, a charging and wall protection device for deep hole step pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines is proposed, which is convenient for transportation and storage, efficient and fast in construction, strong in applicability, reliable in quality, high in charging efficiency, simple in operation, less in number of operators, economical and environmentally friendly, and low in comprehensive construction cost, and can effectively reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass. A blasting construction method is provided in Example 3 accordingly. The charging and wall protection device of this embodiment can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of pre-splitting hole charging; and based on the charging and wall protection device, fine sand buffer material and mud non-Newtonian fluid material are filled in the device, which can effectively reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass by the pre-splitting blasting itself and improve the quality of pre-splitting blasting.

[0074] The device specifically includes a guide section 6, a containing tube 1 (the interior is divided into two areas, which can be said to be a fine sand chamber 15 and a mud chamber 16), and a charge tube 2 (which can also be said to be a charge net bag). The guide section 6 and the charge net bag are made of rollable flexible materials respectively. The inner diameter of the guide section 6 is larger than the outer diameter of the detonating cord 7. The charge net bag is a net bag-like structure. In the expanded state, it is a hollow columnar structure with an open top and an inner diameter larger than the diameter of the pre-charged roll 4. A plurality of charge net bags and guide sections 6 are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the charge side at intervals along the axial direction. The charge net bag is longitudinally parallel to the center of the outer wall (i.e., the axial direction of the entire device), and the guide sections 6 and the charge net bags are longitudinally alternately arranged. In the pre-crack hole, among the tube sections 17 included in the containing tube 1, one tube section 17 with one end (bottom end) closed and the other end (top end) open is provided and arranged at the bottom, and multiple tube sections 17 with both ends open are provided. After being placed in the blast hole 5, the orifice of the blast hole 5 is filled with a filler 9 and a filling material 91, as shown in FIG. Fig.16 shown.

[0075] Generally speaking, the device of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0076] 1. The splicable and bendable device is used to replace the existing bamboo pieces or whole PVC pipes, which greatly simplifies the production and insertion procedures of pre-splitting blasthole powder packages, and effectively solves the problems of large preparation workload, low insertion efficiency, large number of operators, and time-consuming and labor-intensive processing in the existing pre-splitting blasting charge auxiliary material bundling process.

[0077] 2. The device is mainly composed of a fine sand chamber, a mud chamber and a charging net bag, wherein the fine sand chamber and the mud chamber are of an integrated molding design, and the charging net bag is glued and fixed to the outer wall of the charging side of the fine sand chamber, so it is convenient for industrial prefabrication and forming standardized products. Not only is the use not restricted by the region and terrain, but it can also be stacked in groups for convenient transportation and storage. The charging net bag structure can significantly improve the charging efficiency and simplify the operation, and can also load the explosive roll 4 while entering the blast hole 5, thereby reducing the number of operators, and ultimately effectively reducing the comprehensive blasting cost and improving the efficiency of the pre-splitting blasting construction.

[0078] 3. The device includes a fine sand chamber and a mud chamber, which effectively avoids the problem that the explosive in the pre-splitting blasthole 5 directly faces the retained rock mass. The fine sand chamber and the mud chamber are filled with fine sand and mud (i.e., the aforementioned non-Newtonian fluid) wall protection materials respectively. After the explosion of the explosive in the pre-splitting blasthole, a high-temperature and high-pressure detonation shock wave and explosive gas products will be generated, forming a strong detonation shock pressure. The fine sand material, as the first buffer medium, can directly transfer the buffered detonation shock pressure to the mud medium, and the mud material in the mud chamber belongs to a non-Newtonian fluid medium, which has the characteristics of "strong when encountering strong, weak when encountering weak". When the mud medium is acted upon by the transmitted detonation shock pressure, its strength increases instantaneously, which can better block the impact of the detonation shock pressure on the retained rock mass, reduce the degree of damage to the retained rock mass caused by the explosion of explosives, greatly improve the self-stabilization ability of the retained rock mass, and improve the quality of pre-splitting blasting construction.

[0079] 4. The device arranges two charging pockets side by side at the same height of the central axis of the outer wall of the charging side, so that it can meet the principle requirements of different charging densities of the pre-splitting blasting package at different positions, and can also meet the design requirements of different pre-splitting blasting parameters under different mines, different lithological conditions and different engineering geological conditions. Finally, the process of making the explosive roll 4 and inserting it into the blast hole 5 is simple and easy to operate, and the matching scheme is flexible and has strong applicability.

[0080] 5. The pre-splitting blasting method implemented by this device fully meets the technical requirements of pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines and can be widely used for pre-splitting blasting of vertical blastholes and gently inclined blastholes.

[0081] In summary, the device has the characteristics of convenient transportation and storage, high charging efficiency, simple operation, fewer operators, low comprehensive blasting cost and excellent blasting quality.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that Figures 10 to 17As shown, in this embodiment, the accommodating tube 1 is a cylindrical structure made of flexible material, and the accommodating tube 1 is filled and supported by the wall protection material to present a cylindrical structure with a special cross-section, and in the cylindrical structure with a special cross-section formed by the accommodating tube 1, the surface facing the wall protection side and the surface facing the charge side are both curved surfaces convex toward the wall protection side, that is, a structure with an outer contour similar to a "crescent moon" is formed, so that the charge tube 2 containing the medicine roll 4 is located in the recessed area of ​​the filling structure 3 facing the charge side, so that the filling structure 3 is surrounded by the wall protection side (that is, the retained rock side) of the medicine roll 4 in a semi-enclosed form, and the opening of the semi-enclosed form faces the charge side (that is, the blasted rock side), so that the impact generated after the explosion of the medicine roll 4 can be more concentrated toward the blasted rock, and the curved surface of the filling structure 3 surrounding the medicine roll 4 can further converge and concentrate the impact of the explosion of the medicine roll 4, and at the same time, the curved surface of the filling structure 3 facing the retained rock can also improve the impact resistance of the filling structure 3.

[0084] In this embodiment, Fig.11 As shown, the accommodating tube 1 includes a first curved surface 11 and a third curved surface 13, and both side edges of the first curved surface 11 are respectively connected to both side edges of the third curved surface 13 to form the outer side surface of the accommodating tube 1, and the first curved surface 11 and the third curved surface 13 are respectively facing the charging side and the wall protection side, and each charging tube 2 is connected to the first curved surface 11. In the cross-section of the accommodating tube 1, the length of the third curved surface 13 is greater than the length of the first curved surface 11. Therefore, after the accommodating tube 1 is filled and propped up by the wall protection material, due to the longer length of the third curved surface 13, the filling material will prop up the third curved surface 13 outward, so that the third curved surface 13 is a curved surface convex toward the wall protection side.

[0085] The accommodating tube 1 also includes a tie surface 14, which ties the inner side surface of the accommodating tube 1 along the direction from the charging side to the protective wall side to pull the first curved surface 11 toward the third curved surface 13. Therefore, after the accommodating tube 1 is filled and propped up by the protective wall material, the first curved surface 11 no longer protrudes outward (charging side) like a conventional flexible structure, but is pulled inward by the tie surface 14, so that the first curved surface 11 is a curved surface convex toward the protective wall side, so that the charging tube 2 containing the medicine roll 4 is located in the recessed area of ​​the filling structure 3 toward the charging side.

[0086] That is, this embodiment connects the first curved surface 11 and the third curved surface 13 of different cross-sectional lengths together through the above-mentioned structural scheme, and sets the tie surface 14 inside, so that the structure of the flexible material can obtain a special-shaped structure that can only be achieved by rigid materials after shaping in the past after being filled and propped up, and it does not affect the rollability of the flexible container 1 itself. It can be seen that the device of this embodiment has the connection ability and shape retention ability of rigid PVC pipes and bamboo pieces, and at the same time has the convenience of the flexible material itself that can be rolled up for easy transportation and can be put into the blast hole 5 section by section, and also has the effect of controllable shape after filling through creative structural layout and connection, which can realize special shaping that can only be achieved by rigid materials and cannot be achieved by flexible materials, and further improve the blasting effect and wall protection effect through this shaped filling structure 3.

[0087] In this embodiment, the accommodating tube 1 further includes a second curved surface 12, which is arranged between the first curved surface 11 and the third curved surface 13, and divides the interior of the accommodating tube 1 into two areas, one close to the charge side and the other close to the protective wall side, respectively, to accommodate fine sand and non-Newtonian fluid medium, respectively. A plurality of tie surfaces 14 are provided, which are respectively arranged in two areas in the accommodating tube 1, and are arranged along the direction of the charge side and the protective wall side (or arranged along the radial direction of each curved surface), tying two adjacent curved surfaces (i.e., between the first curved surface 11 and the second curved surface 12, and between the second curved surface 12 and the third curved surface 13), and forming a grid-like structure in each area to achieve better tensioning and shape support effects.

[0088] It can be seen that this device uses flexible materials to achieve a structure with controllable shape after filling through a reasonable and ingenious structural layout and connection relationship. It has both the convenience of flexible materials and the structural controllability of rigid materials, and optimizes the blasting effect through a reasonable structure.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The pre-splitting blasting construction method of this embodiment adopts the pre-splitting blasting charging device in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, so it can also be said to be a pre-splitting blasting method based on the pre-splitting blasting charging device and the wall protection device for deep hole step pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0091] Transport the explosive roll 4, the wall protection material, the detonating cord 7, and the charging device for pre-splitting blasting to the blast hole 5 at the operation site for standby use;

[0092] Installing the detonating cord 7 on the pre-splitting blasting charging device;

[0093] The charge roll 4 is loaded into the charge barrel 2 of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount, and at the same time, the segments of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting loaded with the charge roll 4 are fed into the blast hole 5 segment by segment;

[0094] After the pre-splitting blasting charging device is delivered into the blast hole 5, the wall protection material is filled into the containing tube 1 to form a filling structure 3;

[0095] The orifice of the blasthole 5 is filled and detonated according to predetermined requirements to complete the pre-splitting blasting.

[0096] In this embodiment, Fig.16 As shown, a plurality of charge cartridges 2 are used as a group, and the plurality of assembled charge cartridges 2 are evenly connected to the accommodating tube 1 along the axial direction of the accommodating tube 1, and the charge device for pre-splitting blasting is divided into three areas from the bottom to the top of the blasthole 5, and the charge roll 4 is loaded into the charge cartridge 2 of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount, which specifically includes:

[0097] In the bottom area, a plurality of drug rolls 4 are loaded into each assembled cartridge 2;

[0098] In the middle region, a single drug roll 4 is loaded into each assembled cartridge 2;

[0099] In the top region, a single drug roll 4 is inserted into each alternate assembly cartridge 2 .

[0100] Specifically, the lower part of the pre-splitting borehole is a reinforced charge section 41, and two rolls of explosives 4 are loaded into each roll height (i.e., an assembly cartridge 2) along the central axis of the charge side; the middle part of the pre-splitting borehole is a normal charge section 42, and one roll of explosives 4 is loaded into each roll height along the central axis; the upper part of the pre-splitting borehole is a weakened charge section 43, and one roll of explosives is loaded into each roll height along the central axis at intervals.

[0101] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned filling of the wall protection material into the accommodating tube 1 to form the filling structure 3 specifically includes: filling the wall protection material into the accommodating tube 1 until the filling height of the wall protection material is greater than the filling height of the drug roll 4, so that the formed filling structure 3 is not lower than the top of the topmost drug roll 4. That is, the filling height of the wall protection material is greater than the filling height of the explosive roll. Because in the same accommodating tube 1, the wall protection material only needs to be filled, and the height of the drug roll can be flush with the wall protection material, or slightly lower than the height of the wall protection material.

[0102] The above steps of this embodiment can be further described as follows: mainly including customization of the device, material preparation, insertion of detonating cord, installation of cartridges, filling, fixing, packing and detonation of wall protection materials, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0103] A. Customization of the device (i.e., the pre-splitting blasting charging device): according to the pre-designed charging parameters and the size parameters of the filling structure 3, the device is manufactured and placed in groups or coiled according to the diameter of the detonating cord 7, the diameter and length of the pre-loaded charge roll 4, the number of pre-loaded charge rolls 4 at the same height and the size of the filling structure 3; this step is arranged before the above-mentioned step of "transporting the charge roll 4, the wall protection material, the detonating cord 7, and the pre-splitting blasting charging device coiled into a roll to the blasthole 5 at the operation site for standby use";

[0104] Before the customization of the above-mentioned device, a blasting parameter design step may also be included. The blasting parameter design step is to calculate and design the inclination angle, hole depth, hole spacing, charge amount, line charge density, and filling length of the pre-splitting blasthole 5 according to the pre-splitting blasting requirements, open-pit mine lithology and engineering geological conditions, and determine the specifications of the explosive roll 4, detonating cord 7 and the device;

[0105] B. Material preparation: According to the scale of pre-splitting blasting and the volume of the wall side, calculate the required number of explosive rolls 4, detonating cords 7, devices, fine sand material quality and mud material quality, and then transport the corresponding explosive rolls 4, detonating cords 7 and charge and wall protection devices (i.e. charge devices for pre-splitting blasting) to the blasting site and distribute them to the side of the pre-splitting blasthole 5 for use. Fine sand and mud materials can be uniformly filled into the accommodating tube 1 by special equipment. The particle size range of fine sand is selected to be 0.13mm~0.25mm. Preparation of mud: Select clay with a particle size between 10μm and 30μm, mix it with a suspending agent, and stir it with water to form mud. The mass ratio of the three substances is clay: water: suspending agent = 3:1:0.03. The mud with this ratio can be used as a non-Newtonian fluid medium. Its strength increases instantaneously when subjected to high-speed impact, and it can effectively protect the retained rock mass from being damaged by the explosion impact pressure. The above calculation and design content can adopt the current conventional pre-splitting blasting design calculation method;

[0106] C. Inserting the detonating cord 7: According to the depth of the pre-splitting blasthole 5, cut the charge and the wall protection device whose length is longer than the depth of the pre-splitting blasthole 5, insert the detonating cord 7 from the guide section 6 of the charge device to the bottom and keep the top of the uppermost guide section 6 exposed on one side of the entrance end;

[0107] D. Installation of the explosive roll 4: Load the explosive roll 4 according to the designed amount into the charging net bag of the device which has been inserted into the detonating cord 7, and put the device into the pre-splitting blasthole 5 while loading the explosive roll 4, and ensure that the charging side is completely facing away from the retained rock mass;

[0108] E. Wall protection material filling: After all the devices are loaded into the designated position of the pre-splitting blasthole 5, the remaining part of the charge and the wall protection device are exposed outside the blasthole 5, and the prepared fine sand and mud are respectively filled into the fine sand cavity and the mud cavity in sequence until the filling interface is about 20 cm higher than the top interface of the top medicine roll 4 on the charge side;

[0109] F. Fixing: The charge and wall protection device exposed outside the pre-splitting blasthole are fixed outside the pre-splitting blasthole 5 with stones or fixing rods 8; when the flexible accommodating tube 1 uses the fixing rod 8, the exposed part of the device is wound around the fixing rod 8 and the fixing rod 8 is placed at the mouth of the blasthole 5; the rigid tube section 17 can be spliced ​​and cut according to the length;

[0110] G. Filling and detonating: First, a balled ordinary woven bag is used as a filler 9, and is sent to the designated filling position on the charge side of the pre-splitting blasthole 5 using a blasting stick. Then, rock chips or gravel are filled on top of the woven bag and filled into the mouth of the pre-splitting blasthole 5 as a filler 91. Subsequently, the detonating cord 7 is connected to the detonating network and detonated to form a pre-splitting surface.

[0111] In this embodiment, the maximum axial load-bearing capacity of the charging side of the device is greater than the total weight of all pre-loaded explosive cartridges in the deepest pre-splitting blasting hole (i.e., blast hole 5). The wall protection side device contacts the hole wall after being filled with fine sand and mud, forming a reverse supporting force, so it does not need to bear too much gravity. The maximum axial load-bearing capacity of the charging net bag is greater than the weight of the heaviest pre-loaded explosive cartridge.

[0112] In the above-mentioned step of inserting the detonating cord 7 , in the intercepted charge and wall protection device, the length of the flexible containing tube 1 is at least longer than the hole depth of the pre-splitting blasthole 5 by 1 m.

[0113] In this embodiment, in the customization step, each medicine roll height along the central axis of the device is evenly distributed with medicine net bags corresponding to the number of pre-designed pre-loaded medicine rolls 4.

[0114] In general, the construction method of this embodiment can be roughly summarized as follows: in the charging net bag on the charging side, according to the blasting design, the charge roll 4 can be loaded while the device (charge for pre-splitting blasting) is sent into the pre-splitting blasthole 5, until the loaded device is completely placed in the pre-splitting hole, and it is ensured that the charging side faces away from the direction of the retained rock mass. On the retaining wall side, the fine sand cavity and the mud cavity are filled with fine sand and mud non-Newtonian fluid medium (composition: clay, water and suspending agent) in turn according to the design requirements. When the device of Example 2 is used, the device part extending out of the orifice is fixed on the fixing rod 8 of the orifice, and then the balled ordinary woven bag is poked into the designated position in the pre-splitting blasthole 5 at the blasthole 5, and then filled with rock chips or gravel to the orifice position.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] This embodiment also provides a specific example that can be executed according to the method in Embodiment 3 as follows:

[0117] When an open-pit coal mine in a certain place (such as Xinjiang) is mined to the boundary slope, it is necessary to use pre-splitting blasting technology to form a permanent slope. The specific process is as follows:

[0118] According to the rock properties of the mine and the engineering geological conditions, the main parameters of the pre-splitting blasthole 5, such as the inclination angle, hole depth, hole diameter, hole spacing, charge amount, linear charge density, and filling length, were calculated and designed. It was determined that the emulsion explosive roll 4 with a diameter of 32mm, a single roll weight of 300g and a length of 325mm was used, and the detonating cord 7 had a diameter of 5mm. Therefore, the inner diameter of the guide section 6 of the charge and wall protection device that needs to be pre-processed is determined to be 10mm; the inner diameter of the charge net bag in the expanded state is 37mm and the length is equal to the length of the explosive roll 4, which is 325mm, and its strength can withstand a weight of 1kg / m; two charge net bags are fixed side by side on the outer wall of the straight surface of the cylinder section 17 on the charge side (or the first curved surface 11 of the accommodating cylinder 1) at the same height, and the spacing between the two adjacent charge net bags is 100mm.

[0119] When the device of Example 1 is used, the volume of the fine sand chamber is equal to that of the mud chamber, and the sum of the volumes of the two chambers is approximately equal to half the volume of the pre-cracked hole. When the device of Example 2 is used, the radius of the first curved surface 11 and the second curved surface 12 (curvature) of the fine sand chamber are equal, which is 86 mm; the third curved surface 13 of the mud chamber is closely fitted with the wall of the pre-cracked blasthole 5, and the radius of the third curved surface 13 (curvature) is the same as the radius of the pre-cracked blasthole 5, which is 69 mm. Since the inclination angle of the pre-cracked hole is 70°, after the accommodating tube 1 is placed in the pre-cracked hole, its bottom end contacts the rock at the bottom of the hole, and the rear protective wall side contacts the wall of the pre-cracked hole. After the protective wall material is installed in the accommodating tube 1, the bottom and wall of the pre-cracked hole both have a certain supporting effect on the accommodating tube 1, which is conducive to the basic stability of the structure of the accommodating tube 1.

[0120] According to the calculated specifications of the charge and wall protection device, mainly including the inner diameter and wall thickness of the guide section 6, the inner diameter, wall thickness and length of the charge net bag and the number of the same height, the wall thickness and curved radius of the fine sand cavity and the mud cavity, the charge and wall protection device are then manufactured (structure as shown in the figure). Figure 1 and Fig.10 ), the finished charges and wall protection devices are folded and stacked or coiled into rolls for easy transportation, storage and use.

[0121] According to the scale of this pre-splitting blasting, it is calculated that the required number of emulsion explosive rolls 4 is 39 rolls / hole (11.7 kg / hole), the length of detonating cord 7 is 19.5 m / hole, the length of charging and wall protection device is 18 m / hole, the amount of fine sand required in the fine sand chamber is 92.5 kg, and the amount of mud required in the mud chamber is 123.0 kg. Then the above-mentioned materials are transported to the blasting operation site, and the corresponding number of charging and wall protection devices, emulsion explosive rolls 4 and detonating cord 7 are distributed to the corresponding pre-splitting blastholes 5 for standby use.

[0122] According to the depth of the pre-splitting hole 5, splice or cut off the charge and wall protection device with a length of not less than 16.5m (the device of embodiment 2 is at least about 1m longer than the depth of the pre-splitting hole 5), and pass the detonating cord 7 from the guide section 6 of the charge device to the bottom (such as Figure 6 and Fig.13 ).

[0123] The emulsion explosive roll 4 is loaded into the corresponding charging net bag of the charging device which has been inserted into the detonating cord 7 according to the designed amount of explosive, and the device segment loaded with the emulsion explosive roll 4 is placed into the pre-splitting hole 5 (such as Figure 6 and Fig.14 ); According to blasting theory, the lower part of the general pre-splitting blasthole 5 is a strengthening charge section 41 with a length of 3.0m. Two rolls of charge 4 are loaded into each charge roll height (each assembled cartridge 2) along the central axis of the charge side (first curved surface 11), and a total of 14 rolls are loaded, 2 rolls per layer, and a total of 7 layers; the middle part is a normal charge section 42 with a length of 9.5m. One roll of charge 4 is loaded into each charge roll height along the axial direction of the charge side (first curved surface), and a total of 20 rolls are loaded, 1 roll per layer, and a total of 20 layers; the upper part is a weakening charge section 43 with a length of 4.0m. One roll of charge 4 is loaded into each charge net bag along the axial direction of the charge side (first curved surface), and a total of 5 rolls are loaded (such as Fig.16 ).

[0124] When the device of Example 2 is used, after the above-mentioned charge and wall protection device are all loaded into the pre-splitting blasthole 5, about 1m of flexible charge and wall protection device will remain outside the pre-splitting blasthole 5. At this time, the exposed flexible charge and wall protection device are pressed tightly or wrapped around the fixing rod 8 (such as Fig.17 ) is placed outside the blasthole to prevent the flexible charge and the wall protection device from sliding or bending in the pre-splitting blasthole 5.

[0125] The blast hole plugger 9 is sent to the filling position in the pre-splitting blast hole 5 using a blast rod, and then filled with blast hole mud or rock powder (such as Fig.16 ); then the detonating cord 7 is connected to the detonation network and the detonator is installed and detonated, and a good pre-splitting surface is formed under the joint action of each medicine volume 4 and the wall protection material on the charge and wall protection device.

[0126] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A charging device for pre-splitting blasting, characterized in that: It comprises a containing cylinder (1), a drug-filled cylinder (2) and a filling structure (3). The accommodating tube (1) is in a bendable cylindrical structure. The drug loading barrel (2) is used to accommodate the drug roll (4). There are a plurality of drug loading barrels (2) distributed along the axial direction of the accommodating barrel (1), and each drug loading barrel (2) is connected to the same side surface of the accommodating barrel (1). The filling structure (3) is formed by filling the wall protection material in the accommodating tube (1). The pre-splitting blasting charging device is installed in a blast hole (5) with the side where the charging barrel (2) is located as the charging side facing the blasted rock mass and the side where the filling structure (3) is located as the wall protection side facing the retained rock mass.

2. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling structure (3) comprises a wall protection structure (31), and the wall protection material used in the filling structure (3) comprises a non-Newtonian fluid. The wall protection structure (31) is formed by filling a non-Newtonian fluid in the accommodating cylinder (1).

3. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filling structure (3) further comprises a buffer structure (32), and the wall protection material used in the filling structure (3) further comprises fine sand. The interior of the accommodating tube (1) is divided into two areas along the direction from the charge side to the protective wall side. The wall protection structure (31) is formed by filling a non-Newtonian fluid in an area close to the wall protection side of the accommodating cylinder (1). The buffer structure (32) is formed by filling fine sand in a region close to the charge side of the accommodating tube (1).

4. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The accommodating tube (1) comprises a plurality of tube segments (17), the tube segments (17) being a rigid structure, the tube segments (17) being arranged along the same axial direction and connected end to end to form the accommodating tube (1) as a whole. Two adjacent cylinder sections (17) are connected via a flexible material, so that the accommodating cylinder (1) presents a bendable cylinder structure.

5. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cylinder section (17) is a cylinder structure with an arched cross section formed by an arcuate curved surface and a flat surface. The arc-shaped surface of the cylinder section (17) protruding outward serves as the surface facing the wall protection side. The drug-filled barrel (2) is connected to the flat surface of the barrel section (17).

6. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two end surfaces of the cylinder section (17) are provided with a hook (171) and a groove (172). In two adjacent barrel sections (17), the hook (171) on one barrel section (17) and the slot (172) on the other barrel section (17) correspond in position. The cylinder sections (17) are connected by abutting each other with their end faces and inserting the hooks (171) into the slots (172).

7. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The accommodating tube (1) is a cylindrical structure made of a flexible material. The accommodating tube (1) is filled and supported by a wall protection material to form a cylindrical structure with a special cross-section. In the cylindrical structure with a special cross-section formed by the accommodating tube (1), the surface facing the protective wall side and the surface facing the charge side are both curved surfaces convex toward the protective wall side. So that the medicine cartridge (2) containing the medicine roll (4) is located in a recessed area of ​​the filling structure (3) facing the medicine charging side.

8. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The accommodating tube (1) comprises a first curved surface (11) and a third curved surface (13), and two side edges of the first curved surface (11) are respectively connected to two side edges of the third curved surface (13) to form an outer side surface of the accommodating tube (1). The first curved surface (11) and the third curved surface (13) are respectively oriented toward the charge side and the wall protection side, and each charge cartridge (2) is connected to the first curved surface (11). In the cross section of the accommodating tube (1), the length of the third curved surface (13) is greater than the length of the first curved surface (11), so that after the accommodating tube (1) is filled and supported by the wall protection material, the third curved surface (13) is a curved surface convex toward the wall protection side.

9. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The accommodating tube (1) further comprises a tie surface (14), wherein the tie surface (14) ties the inner side surface of the accommodating tube (1) in a direction from the charge side to the protective wall side, so as to tighten the first curved surface (11) in a direction toward the third curved surface (13). Therefore, after the accommodating tube (1) is filled and supported by the wall protection material, the first curved surface (11) is a curved surface convex toward the wall protection side, so that the drug-filled tube (2) containing the drug roll (4) is located in a recessed area of ​​the filling structure (3) that is close to the drug-filled side.

10. The charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the drug cartridges (2) are grouped as a group. A plurality of groups of drug-loading cartridges (2) are provided, and each group of drug-loading cartridges (2) is evenly distributed along the axial direction of the containing cylinder (1).

11. The charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 10, characterized in that: The axial distance between two adjacent groups of drug cartridges (2) is greater than or equal to one quarter of the length of the drug roll (4).

12. The charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to claim 10, characterized in that: The guide section (6) is provided with an inner hole for allowing the detonating cord (7) to pass through along the axial direction of the accommodating tube (1) and is used for guiding the detonating cord (7). The guide sections (6) are provided in plurality and are distributed between each two adjacent assembled medicine cartridges (2) along the axial direction of the accommodating cylinder (1).

13. A pre-splitting blasting construction method, characterized in that: Using the pre-splitting blasting charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprises the following steps: Transporting the explosive roll (4), the wall protection material, the detonating cord (7), and the charging device for pre-splitting blasting to the blast hole (5) at the operation site for standby use; Installing a detonating cord (7) on the pre-splitting blasting charging device; The charge roll (4) is loaded into the charge barrel (2) of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount, and the segments of the charge device for pre-splitting blasting loaded with the charge roll (4) are fed into the blast hole (5) segment by segment; After the pre-splitting blasting charging device is fed into the blast hole (5), the wall protection material is filled into the containing tube (1) to form a filling structure (3); The orifice of the blasthole (5) is filled and detonated according to predetermined requirements to complete the pre-splitting blasting.

14. The pre-splitting blasting construction method according to claim 13, characterized in that: A plurality of the drug-packing cartridges (2) are taken as a group, and the plurality of assembled drug cartridges (2) are evenly connected to the accommodating tube (1) along the axial direction of the accommodating tube (1). The pre-splitting blasting charging device is divided into three areas from the bottom to the top of the blast hole (5). The method of loading the charge roll (4) into the charge barrel (2) of the charge charging device for pre-splitting blasting according to the set charge amount specifically comprises: In the bottom area, a plurality of medicine rolls (4) are loaded into each assembled medicine cartridge (2); In the middle region, a single drug roll (4) is loaded into each assembled cartridge (2); In the top region, a single drug roll (4) is inserted into each alternate assembly cartridge (2).

15. The pre-splitting blasting construction method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The step of filling the wall protection material into the accommodating tube (1) to form the filling structure (3) specifically comprises: The wall protection material is filled into the accommodating tube (1) until the filling height of the wall protection material is greater than the filling height of the medicine roll (4), so that the formed filling structure (3) is not lower than the top of the topmost medicine roll (4).

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