Dry land field soil moisture content and fertilizer content rapid monitoring device and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry land field soil moisture content and fertilizer condition rapid monitoring device and an operation method thereof.The dry land field soil moisture content and fertilizer condition rapid monitoring device comprises a balance weight base, a lifting driving mechanism, a soil moisture content and fertilizer condition detection mechanism and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the lifting driving mechanism is installed on the side wall of the balance weight base; the soil moisture content and fertilizer content detection mechanism is mounted on the lifting driving mechanism and is driven by the lifting driving mechanism to lift; the detection assembly is used for detecting the temperature, the humidity and the fertility in soil, the soil crushing assembly is used for crushing the soil and enabling the soil to cover the detection assembly for detecting the fertility, and the vibration part is used for vibrating the detection assembly to enable the detection assembly to be inserted into the soil. According to the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is fully utilized to conduct higher-frequency agricultural operation, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is an important way for improving the agricultural production efficiency, reducing the agricultural production cost and improving the agricultural operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, in particular to a device for quickly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The most common way to quickly monitor soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields is to establish low-density IoT soil moisture and fertilizer monitoring points, which are easy to deploy. However, the deployment of low-density soil moisture and fertilizer rapid monitoring stations is limited in monitoring points, making it difficult to express the actual soil moisture and fertilizer conditions of the entire planting area. At the same time, the cost is high, requiring a deployment point for every 10 mu, and the deployment cost of 1,000 mu of dry land is also more than 200,000. A more complicated problem is the maintenance of 100 sets of soil moisture and fertilizer rapid monitoring stations. The soil moisture and fertilizer rapid monitoring probes are prone to failure. The power supply is usually deployed in solar energy, but the over-large or under-sized solar energy device will cause a lot of maintenance work. Using drones to quickly monitor soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields is a technically feasible solution that has been recognized by the majority of scientific researchers. At present, most of the soil moisture and fertilizer rapid monitoring probes on drones are based on hyperspectral or multi-spectral, and the equipment is expensive and needs to be deployed on drones with more stable performance. At the same time, the soil moisture and fertilizer data of hyperspectral and multispectral drones need to be calibrated on-site, and will show large measurement errors due to spectral interference or pollution. Therefore, how to reduce the price of drone-mounted soil moisture and fertilizer measurement devices and achieve stable soil moisture and fertilizer monitoring has become an important proposition for the research and development of smart agricultural equipment. In particular, the research and development of mounting devices using plant protection drones as general airborne devices is a hot topic. The first problem to be solved in the rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields on airborne drylands is to use suitable operating tools and produce inexpensive and highly automated operating tools to reduce production capital input, so as to truly benefit agriculture and the vast number of new agricultural operators. Drones are new agricultural tools purchased in large quantities by new agricultural operators in my country, mainly engaged in plant protection and fertilization. Therefore, drone operations are still one of the new agricultural tools with low frequency applications in rural areas. Therefore, making full use of drones for more frequent agricultural operations is an important way to improve agricultural production efficiency, reduce agricultural production costs, and improve agricultural operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a device for quickly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields and an operating method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for quickly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields, comprising:

[0007] Counterweight base;

[0008] A lifting drive mechanism is installed on the side wall of the counterweight base;

[0009] The soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism is installed on the lifting drive mechanism and driven to lift by the lifting drive mechanism, and includes a detection component for detecting the temperature, humidity and fertility of the soil, a soil crushing component for crushing the soil and making the soil cover the detection component for fertility detection, or an oscillating component for vibrating the detection component so that the detection component is inserted into the soil;

[0010] The unmanned aerial vehicle is connected to the counterweight base and is used for hanging and conveying the counterweight base.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility conditions in dry fields described in the present invention, the counterweight base includes an aluminum alloy shell, a bus-type level meter arranged on the top of the aluminum alloy shell, and a battery pack arranged inside the aluminum alloy shell for extending power supply for the drone.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility conditions in dryland fields described in the present invention, the lifting drive mechanism includes a guide seat, a lifting drive motor arranged on the top of the guide seat, a screw rod arranged in the guide seat and coaxially connected to the output end of the lifting drive motor, and a slider connected to the screw rod and guided to move along the length direction of the guide seat.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the device for rapid monitoring soil moisture and fertility conditions in dry fields described in the present invention, the detection component includes a side mounting plate having a vertical bending portion and a detection component installed on the vertical bending portion, and the detection component has a soil fertility probe and a soil temperature and humidity probe that penetrate to the bottom of the straight bending portion.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the device for rapid monitoring soil moisture and fertility of dryland fields described in the present invention, the soil crushing assembly includes a fixing seat for mounting the side mounting plate, a rotary drive motor arranged on the top of the fixing seat, a transmission shaft having one end connected to the output end of the rotary drive motor and the other end extending from the bottom of the fixing seat, and a loosening blade connected to the output of the transmission shaft;

[0015] Wherein, the loosening blade is lower than the soil fertility probe and the soil temperature and humidity probe.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility conditions in dryland fields described in the present invention, the oscillating component is an electromagnetic oscillator.

[0017] An operating method of a device for rapidly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields, the specific steps are as follows:

[0018] S1. Collection point processing and coordinate position calibration: Pre-process the soil at the preset collection points in the field to make the soil at the collection point loose, with a loosening area of ​​300×300mm, and level and slightly compact the loosened soil. Retract the lifting drive mechanism to the top, remove the counterweight base and place it at the pre-collection point to observe whether the loosening and sampling work can be completed. If not, perform deeper soil loosening and preliminary leveling and slight compaction on the collection point. After all pre-collection points are completed, run the drone to the top of the pre-collection point, calibrate the Beidou position for it, and form a basic data table of the collection point in the system;

[0019] S2. Deployment of collection points for autonomous flight devices of drones: Select the collection points to be detected in the management system, and automatically plan the operation path according to the spatial position of the collection points. According to the planned path, the current position of the drone and the next operation position, it automatically runs to the next operation position according to the flight trajectory and flight altitude. The lifting drive mechanism rises to the initial position, and the drone hovers for 10 seconds to stabilize the counterweight base. The drone descends to 3 meters, and the counterweight base falls on the pre-collection point area. If the bus-type level meter approximately indicates horizontal, it indicates that the counterweight base has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. If the bus-type level meter does not indicate horizontal, the drone rises 500mm, hovers for 10 seconds, and then descends. If the drone approximately indicates horizontal, it indicates that the counterweight base has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. Otherwise, it returns to the previous step and counts the failure of landing in a stable area once. If there are three cumulative failures, a manual warning prompt will be issued;

[0020] S3. Collection of soil moisture and fertility conditions: The lifting drive mechanism switches to high-speed mode, and the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism descends to the working position and is driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism. At the same time, the soil crushing component crushes and excavates the soil and covers the soil on the detection component of the detection component for detection, or is driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism, and at the same time, the vibration component vibrates the detection component, so that the detection component of the detection component is inserted downward into the soil to detect the soil.

[0021] S4. After the detection is completed, the drone enters the next measurement preparation according to the path planning. If the drone’s battery reaches the alarm value, the drone returns to replace the battery.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the operation method of the device for rapid monitoring soil moisture and fertility of dryland fields according to the present invention, in step S3, the steps of driving the soil to descend by the lifting drive mechanism and the soil crushing component crushing and excavating the soil and covering the soil on the detection component of the detection component for detection are as follows:

[0023] The lifting drive mechanism switches to low-speed mode, the rotary drive motor of the soil crushing component enters high-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism descends to the integrated crushing and excavation position, the rotary drive motor enters low-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism descends to the lowest position and enters the detection mode, the rotary drive motor stops, and the detection component calibrates the collected EC and temperature and humidity data according to time and position, and saves them in the management system.

[0024] The lifting drive mechanism enters the low-speed mode and reverses, the rotary drive motor rotates at a low speed, the lifting drive mechanism rises to the working position, the rotary drive motor stops rotating, the lifting drive mechanism enters the high-speed mode, and the lifting drive mechanism returns to the initial position and enters the stop mode.

[0025] As a preferred scheme of the operation method of the device for rapid monitoring soil moisture and fertility of dryland fields according to the present invention, the steps of driving the device to descend by a lifting drive mechanism, driving the device to descend by a lifting drive mechanism, and simultaneously vibrating the detection component by a vibration component so that the detection component of the detection component is inserted downward into the soil to detect the soil are as follows:

[0026] The lifting drive mechanism enters the low-speed mode, and the oscillation component enters the frequency modulation mode. The lifting drive mechanism is frequency-controlled according to the indication of the bus-type level meter. The time interval for each distance adjustment is 3S. After the electromagnetic vibration starts, the lifting drive mechanism enters the synchronous distance adjustment mode. The lifting drive mechanism is distance-controlled according to the indication of the bus-type level meter. The lifting drive mechanism descends to the lowest position and enters the detection mode. The lifting drive mechanism enters the stop mode, and the oscillation component enters the stop mode. The collected EC and temperature and humidity data are calibrated according to time and position and saved in the management system. The lifting drive mechanism enters the low-speed mode and reverses. The probe is withdrawn from the measured soil. The lifting drive mechanism rises to the working position and enters the high-speed mode. The lifting drive mechanism returns to the initial position and enters the stop mode.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention can realize the balanced vertical insertion process control of the soil moisture and fertilizer rapid monitoring probe with high robustness by using a medium-load plant protection drone, through a simple electromechanical design such as a lifting drive mechanism, a soil moisture and fertilizer detection mechanism, so as to realize the rapid and stable embedding of the detection head into the soil layer of the preset measurement point, ensuring the accuracy and speed of detection. The core part of the invention device after removing the drone is low in cost, easy to install and maintain, and fully realizes the autonomous soil moisture and fertilizer monitoring of the core part of the invention device in cooperation with the drone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for rapidly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a counterweight base of a device for rapidly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dry fields of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a soil moisture and fertilizer condition detection mechanism of a device for rapid monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer condition in dryland fields of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism of a device for rapidly monitoring soil moisture and fertility in dry fields. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0035] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the dryland field soil moisture and fertility rapid monitoring device has a main body including a counterweight base 100, a lifting drive mechanism 200, a soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 and a drone 400.

[0038] The counterweight base 100 is the foundation of the entire device, including an aluminum alloy shell 110 of about 10KG. The aluminum alloy shell 110 has multiple battery packs 130 built in, which are used to extend the single working time of the drone 400 and increase the weight of the mounting base, so as to facilitate the lifting drive mechanism 200 to generate a larger reaction force when loosening the soil at the measuring location, so that the device can stand firmly on the bottom surface during the detection process. A bus-type level 120 is installed on the top of the aluminum alloy shell 110 to determine whether the horizontal state of the counterweight base 100 is suitable for the probe to probe downward for detection.

[0039] The lifting drive mechanism 200 is installed on the side wall of the counterweight base 100, and includes a guide seat 210, a lifting drive motor 220 arranged on the top of the guide seat 210, a screw rod 230 arranged in the guide seat 210 and coaxially connected to the output end of the lifting drive motor 220, and a slider 240 connected to the screw rod 230 and guided to move along the length direction of the guide seat 210, which is used to drive the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 to lift and lower.

[0040] The soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 is installed on the lifting drive mechanism 200 and driven to lift by the lifting drive mechanism 200. It includes a detection component 310 for detecting the temperature, humidity and fertility of the soil and a soil crushing component 320 for crushing the soil and making the soil cover the detection component 310 for fertility detection. Specifically, in this embodiment, the detection component 310 includes a side mounting plate 310 having a vertical bending portion 310a-1 and a detection component 310b installed on the vertical bending portion 310a-1. The detection component 310b has a soil fertility probe 310b-1 and a soil temperature and humidity probe 310b-2 that penetrate to the bottom of the straight bending portion 310a-1. The soil crushing component 320 includes a fixing seat 320a for installing the side mounting plate 310, a rotating drive motor 320b arranged on the top of the fixing seat 320a, and a transmission shaft 320 having one end connected to the output end of the rotating drive motor 320b and the other end passing through the bottom of the fixing seat 320a. 20c and a loosening blade 320d connected to the output of the transmission shaft 320c, wherein the loosening blade 320d is lower than the soil fertility probe 310b-1 and the soil temperature and humidity probe 310b-2, wherein the vertical bending portion 310a-1 can also squeeze the soil on the upper part of the probe, so that the contact surface between the probe and the soil is more sufficient and the measurement data is more accurate. During specific use, the drone 400 hangs the counterweight base 100 and stops it on the detection ground, and the lifting drive mechanism 200 drives the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 to descend. At the same time, the rotation drive motor 320b of the soil crushing component 320 drives the loosening blade 320d to rotate through the transmission shaft 320c, loosens and crushes the soil to be detected, and in the process of the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 gradually descending, the loosening blade 320d covers the loosened soil on the soil fertility probe 310b-1 and the soil temperature and humidity probe 310b-2 of the detection component 310 for soil detection.

[0041] The drone 400 is connected to the counterweight base 100 and is used to suspend and transport the counterweight base 100 . Specifically, in this embodiment, the drone 400 suspends the counterweight base 100 via a rope 410 .

[0042] Combination Figure 1-Figure 3 The present embodiment is a device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dryland fields, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] S1. Collection point processing and coordinate position calibration: Pre-process the soil at the preset collection points in the field to make the soil at the collection point loose, with a loosening area of ​​300×300mm, and level and slightly compact the loosened soil. Retract the lifting drive mechanism 200 to the top, remove the counterweight base 100 and place it at the pre-collection point to observe whether the loosening and sampling work can be completed. If not, perform deeper soil loosening and preliminary leveling and slight compaction on the collection point. After all pre-collection points are completed, run the drone 400 to the top of the pre-collection point, calibrate the Beidou position for it, and form a basic data table of the collection point in the system;

[0044] S2. Deployment of collection points for autonomous flight devices of unmanned aerial vehicles: Select the collection points to be detected in the management system, and automatically plan the operation path according to the spatial position of the collection points. According to the planned path, the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 and the next operation position, the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 automatically moves to the next operation position according to the flight trajectory and flight altitude. The lifting drive mechanism 200 rises to the initial position, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 hovers for 10 seconds to stabilize the counterweight base 100. The unmanned aerial vehicle 400 descends to 3 meters, and the counterweight base 100 falls on the pre-collection point area. If the bus-type level meter 120 approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base 100 has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. If the bus-type level meter 120 does not indicate horizontality, the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 rises 500mm, hovers for 10 seconds, and then descends. If the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base 100 has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. Otherwise, it returns to the previous step and counts the failure of landing in a stable area once. If there are three cumulative failures, a manual processing warning prompt will be issued;

[0045] S3, soil moisture and fertility collection: the lifting drive mechanism 200 is switched to high-speed mode, and the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 descends to the working position, driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism 200, while the soil crushing component 320 crushes and excavates the soil and covers the detection component 310b of the detection component 310 for detection, as follows:

[0046] The lifting drive mechanism 200 switches to low-speed mode, the rotary drive motor 320b of the soil crushing component 320 enters high-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism 200 descends to the integrated crushing and excavation position, the rotary drive motor 320b enters low-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism 200 descends to the lowest position and enters the detection mode, the rotary drive motor 320b stops, and the detection component 310 calibrates the collected EC and temperature and humidity data according to time and position, and saves them in the management system.

[0047] The lifting drive mechanism 200 switches to low-speed mode and reverses, the rotary drive motor 320b rotates at low speed, the lifting drive mechanism 200 rises to the working position, the rotary drive motor 320b stops rotating, the lifting drive mechanism 200 switches to high-speed mode, and the lifting drive mechanism 200 returns to the initial position and then switches to stop mode.

[0048] S4. After the detection is completed, the drone 400 enters the next measurement preparation according to the path planning. If the power of the drone 400 reaches the alarm value, the drone 400 returns to replace the battery.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Different from the above-mentioned embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 includes a detection component 310 and an oscillation component 330 for vibrating the detection component 310 so that the detection component 310 is inserted into the soil. The detection component 310 includes a side mounting plate 310 with a vertical bending portion 310a-1 and a detection component 310b installed on the vertical bending portion 310a-1. The detection component 310b has a soil fertility probe 310b-1 and a soil temperature and humidity probe 310b-2 that penetrate to the bottom of the straight bending portion 310a-1. The oscillation component 330 is an electromagnetic oscillator, which performs spring-down electromagnetic oscillation at a higher frequency. During the process of probing the soil, the probe may be deformed due to inaccurate vertical angle control, thereby affecting the measurement success rate during the flight mobile measurement process. The spring-down electromagnetic oscillation is adopted, and the coupling parameters of the electromagnetic oscillation amplitude and the downward detection rate of the detection head telescopic module are strictly controlled, so as to form a high robustness control of the vertical direction of the probe probing into the measured soil. The oscillation part of the electromagnetic oscillator is a spring structure. The mechanism of oscillation is that when a DC pulse current passes through a magnetic field, an alternating electromagnetic force is generated, thereby driving the spring to vibrate the vertical plate to produce a vibration frequency of 10-50 times / S. The vibration frequency adjustment is controlled by the DC pulse width. The vibration adjustment of the electromagnetic oscillator is controlled by MODBUS RTU. In order to facilitate installation, the electromagnetic oscillator adopts a long ultra-thin design. The vibration plate is embedded in the inner slide to maintain its stability. The spring is designed as a flat spring, thereby forming an ultra-thin and stable large excitation force vertical vibration function. When used specifically, the drone 400 hangs the counterweight base 100 and stops it on the detection ground. The lifting drive mechanism 200 drives the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 to descend. At the same time, the electromagnetic oscillator vibrates to insert the detection component 310 into the soil for soil detection.

[0051] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 The present embodiment is a device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dryland fields, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] S1. Collection point processing and coordinate position calibration: Pre-process the soil at the preset collection points in the field to make the soil at the collection point loose, with a loosening area of ​​300×300mm, and level and slightly compact the loosened soil. Retract the lifting drive mechanism 200 to the top, remove the counterweight base 100 and place it at the pre-collection point to observe whether the loosening and sampling work can be completed. If not, perform deeper soil loosening and preliminary leveling and slight compaction on the collection point. After all pre-collection points are completed, run the drone 400 to the top of the pre-collection point, calibrate the Beidou position for it, and form a basic data table of the collection point in the system;

[0053] S2. Deployment of collection points for autonomous flight devices of unmanned aerial vehicles: Select the collection points to be detected in the management system, and automatically plan the operation path according to the spatial position of the collection points. According to the planned path, the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 and the next operation position, the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 automatically moves to the next operation position according to the flight trajectory and flight altitude. The lifting drive mechanism 200 rises to the initial position, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 hovers for 10 seconds to stabilize the counterweight base 100. The unmanned aerial vehicle 400 descends to 3 meters, and the counterweight base 100 falls on the pre-collection point area. If the bus-type level meter 120 approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base 100 has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. If the bus-type level meter 120 does not indicate horizontality, the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 rises 500mm, hovers for 10 seconds, and then descends. If the unmanned aerial vehicle 400 approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base 100 has landed in a stable area, and the detection operation can be carried out. Otherwise, it returns to the previous step and counts the failure of landing in a stable area once. If there are three cumulative failures, a manual processing warning prompt will be issued;

[0054] S3. Collection of soil moisture and fertility conditions: The lifting drive mechanism 200 switches to high-speed mode, and the soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism 300 descends to the working position and is driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism 200. At the same time, the vibration component 330 vibrates the detection component 310, so that the detection component 310b of the detection component 310 is inserted downward into the soil to detect the soil. Specifically, the lifting drive mechanism 200 enters the low-speed mode, the oscillation component 330 enters the frequency modulation mode, and the lifting drive mechanism 200 is frequency-modulated according to the indication of the bus-type level 120. The time interval for each distance adjustment is 3S. After the electromagnetic vibration starts, the lifting drive mechanism 200 enters the synchronous distance adjustment mode, and the lifting drive mechanism 200 is distance-adjusted according to the indication of the bus-type level 120. The lifting drive mechanism 200 descends to the lowest position and enters the detection mode. The lifting drive mechanism 200 enters the stop mode, and the oscillation component 330 enters the stop mode. The collected EC and temperature and humidity data are calibrated according to time and position and saved in the management system. The lifting drive mechanism 200 enters the low-speed mode and reverses, and the probe is withdrawn from the measured soil. The lifting drive mechanism 200 rises to the working position and enters the high-speed mode. The lifting drive mechanism 200 returns to the initial position and enters the stop mode.

[0055] S4. After the detection is completed, the drone 400 enters the next measurement preparation according to the path planning. If the power of the drone 400 reaches the alarm value, the drone 400 returns to replace the battery.

[0056] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention may be used in combination with each other in any manner, and the fact that these combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification is only for the sake of omitting space and saving resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rapid monitoring device for soil moisture and fertility in dry fields, characterized in that: include: A counterweight base (100); A lifting drive mechanism (200) is installed on a side wall of the counterweight base (100); A soil moisture and fertility detection mechanism (300) is mounted on the lifting drive mechanism (200) and driven to lift by the lifting drive mechanism (200), and comprises a detection component (310) for detecting the temperature, humidity and fertility of the soil, and a soil crushing component (320) for crushing the soil and making the soil cover the detection component (310) for detecting the fertility, or a vibration component (330) for vibrating the detection component (310) so that the detection component (310) is inserted into the soil; The drone (400) is connected to the counterweight base (100) and is used for hanging and transporting the counterweight base (100).

2. The device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight base (100) comprises an aluminum alloy shell (110), a bus-type level (120) arranged on the top of the aluminum alloy shell (110), and a battery pack (130) arranged inside the aluminum alloy shell (110) for extending power supply to the drone (400).

3. The device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism (200) comprises a guide seat (210), a lifting drive motor (220) arranged on the top of the guide seat (210), a lead screw (230) arranged in the guide seat (210) and coaxially connected to the output end of the lifting drive motor (220), and a slider (240) connected to the lead screw (230) and guided to move along the length direction of the guide seat (210).

4. The device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection component (310) comprises a side mounting plate (310) having a vertical bending portion (310a-1) and a detection component (310b) mounted on the vertical bending portion (310a-1); the detection component (310b) comprises a soil fertility probe (310b-1) and a soil temperature and humidity probe (310b-2) that penetrates to the bottom of the straight bending portion (310a-1).

5. The device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil crushing assembly (320) comprises a fixing seat (320a) for mounting the side mounting plate (310), a rotary drive motor (320b) arranged on the top of the fixing seat (320a), a transmission shaft (320c) having one end connected to the output end of the rotary drive motor (320b) and the other end extending from the bottom of the fixing seat (320a), and a loosening blade (320d) connected to the output of the transmission shaft (320c); The loosening blade (320d) is lower than the soil fertility probe (310b-1) and the soil temperature and humidity probe (310b-2).

6. The device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oscillating component (330) is an electromagnetic oscillator.

7. An operating method of a device for rapidly monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dryland fields as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Collection point processing and coordinate position calibration: Pre-process the soil at the collection points preset in the field to make the soil at the collection points loose, with a loosening area of ​​300×300 mm, and level and slightly compact the loosened soil. Retract the lifting drive mechanism (200) to the top, remove the counterweight base (100) and place it at the pre-collection point to observe whether the loosening and sampling work can be completed. If not, perform deeper soil loosening and preliminary leveling and slight compaction on the collection points. After all pre-collection points are completed, run the drone (400) to the top of the pre-collection point, calibrate the Beidou position of the pre-collection point, and form a basic data table of the collection point in the system; S2. Deployment of collection points of the autonomous flight device of the unmanned aerial vehicle: the collection points to be detected are selected in the management system, and automatic operation path planning is performed according to the spatial position of the collection points. According to the planned path, the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle (400) and the next operation position, the unmanned aerial vehicle (400) automatically moves to the next operation position according to the flight trajectory and flight altitude. The lifting drive mechanism (200) rises to the initial position, the unmanned aerial vehicle (400) hovers for 10 seconds to allow the counterweight base (100) to stabilize, and the unmanned aerial vehicle (400) descends to 3 meters, and the counterweight base (100) falls. In the pre-collection point area, if the bus-type level meter (120) approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base (100) has landed in a stable area, and a detection operation can be performed. If the bus-type level meter (120) does not indicate horizontality, the drone (400) rises 500 mm, hovers for 10 seconds, and then descends. If the drone (400) approximately indicates horizontality, it indicates that the counterweight base (100) has landed in a stable area, and a detection operation can be performed. Otherwise, the process returns to the previous step, and counts one failure in the stable area. If the cumulative failure is three times, a manual processing warning prompt is issued. S3. Soil moisture and fertility condition collection: the lifting drive mechanism (200) is switched to high-speed mode, the soil moisture and fertility condition detection mechanism (300) descends to reach the working position, and is driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism (200), while the soil crushing component (320) crushes and excavates the soil and covers the soil on the detection component (310b) of the detection component (310) for detection, or is driven to descend by the lifting drive mechanism (200), while the vibration component (330) vibrates the detection component (310), so that the detection component (310b) of the detection component (310) is inserted downward into the soil to detect the soil. S4. After the detection is completed, the drone (400) enters the next measurement preparation according to the path planning. If the power of the drone (400) reaches the alarm value, the drone (400) returns to replace the battery.

8. The method for operating the device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertilizer conditions in dryland fields according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the lifting drive mechanism (200) drives the lowering, and at the same time the soil crushing component (320) crushes and excavates the soil and covers the detection component (310b) of the detection component (310) for detection. The steps are as follows: The lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a low-speed mode, the rotary drive motor (320b) of the soil crushing component (320) enters a high-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism (200) descends to a crushing and excavation integrated position, the rotary drive motor (320b) enters a low-speed rotation mode, the lifting drive mechanism (200) descends to a lowest position, enters a detection mode, the rotary drive motor (320b) stops, and the detection component (310) calibrates the collected EC and temperature and humidity data according to time and position and stores them in a management system. The lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a low-speed mode and reverses, the rotary drive motor (320b) rotates at a low speed, the lifting drive mechanism (200) rises to a working position, the rotary drive motor (320b) stops rotating, the lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a high-speed mode, and the lifting drive mechanism (200) returns to an initial position and switches to a stop mode.

9. The method for operating the device for rapid monitoring of soil moisture and fertility in dry fields according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps of driving the lifting drive mechanism (200) to descend and driving the lifting drive mechanism (200) to descend, while the vibration component (330) vibrates the detection component (310) so that the detection component (310b) of the detection component (310) is inserted downward into the soil to detect the soil are as follows: The lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a low-speed mode, the oscillating component (330) switches to a frequency modulation mode, and the lifting drive mechanism (200) is frequency-modulated according to the indication of the bus-type level meter (120), and the time interval of each distance adjustment is 3 seconds. After the electromagnetic vibration starts, the lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a synchronous distance adjustment mode, and the lifting drive mechanism (200) is distance-adjusted according to the indication of the bus-type level meter (120). The lifting drive mechanism (200) descends to the lowest position and enters a detection mode. The lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a stop mode, and the oscillating component (330) switches to a stop mode. The collected EC and temperature and humidity data are calibrated according to time and position and stored in a management system. The lifting drive mechanism (200) switches to a low-speed mode and reverses, and the probe is withdrawn from the measured soil. The lifting drive mechanism (200) rises to a working position and switches to a high-speed mode. The lifting drive mechanism (200) returns to an initial position and switches to a stop mode.

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