Horizontal well staged fracturing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a horizontal well staged fracturing method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that related geological data are collected, geological strata section division is completed, and a regional fracturing geological model is established; the layer sections are further merged or subdivided, and geological engineering integrated layer section division is achieved; the drilling position of the horizontal well section is adjusted up or down according to the fracture height longitudinal non-uniform expansion characteristic, so that the fracturing fracture height is expanded in a balanced mode in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the drilling interval of the horizontal well is optimized; according to the longitudinal expansion condition of the fracture height, the number of perforations on the upper portion and the lower portion of the annular horizontal wellbore and related parameters are optimized, and the fracture height is evenly expanded in the longitudinal direction of a target reservoir; and the fracturing crack length and the segment cluster spacing are optimized, and the optimization scheme of the compact huge thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering is completed. According to the method, the fracturing transformation degree and effect of the thick-layer compact sandstone reservoir are improved to the maximum extent, full transformation of the compact and ultra-thick sandstone reservoir is achieved, and the oil and gas field recovery rate and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of on-site fracturing of oil and gas fields, and specifically relates to a staged fracturing method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium for thick-layer tight sandstone gas horizontal wells. Background Art

[0002] Staged fracturing of horizontal wells is an important technical measure for the development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs, and is widely used in tight gas reservoirs at home and abroad. Thick tight sandstone gas reservoirs are widely distributed at home and abroad, and the effective thickness of a single reservoir layer is generally greater than 50m. For example, the Triassic in the Western Canada Basin in North America has developed tight sandstone gas reservoirs with a thickness of more than 200m, the Upper Triassic in Central Sichuan, China has developed layered tight sandstone gas with a thickness of nearly 100m, and the Jurassic in the Tarim Basin, China has developed massive tight sandstone gas with a thickness of more than 200m. There are relatively stable physical barriers inside the dense and thick sandstone reservoirs, which are obviously different from the mudstone barriers, but they have a certain shielding effect on the expansion of fracture height during the fracturing process. Factors affecting the expansion of fracture height in thick tight sandstone gas reservoirs include the stress difference between the reservoir and barrier layers, the thickness of the reservoir and barrier layers, the heterogeneous distribution of the stress within the layer, the Young's modulus, and the Poisson's ratio. Due to the heterogeneous distribution of longitudinal rock mechanical parameters such as the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses of the reservoir and the stress difference between the reservoir and the interlayer, the fracture height expands asymmetrically, so that the fractures in the layers with large longitudinal reservoir and interlayer stress differences expand slightly, while the fractures in the layers with small reservoir and interlayer stress differences expand significantly, and even interlayer penetration occurs. In order to maximize the degree of reconstruction of thick and tight sandstone reservoirs, it is necessary to reasonably divide the fractured layers on the basis of fully evaluating the influence of geological and engineering factors on the expansion of fracture height, and optimize the non-uniform distribution of the longitudinal drilling position of the horizontal well section and the perforation position of the horizontal wellbore, so as to achieve uniform expansion of the fracture height in the longitudinal direction as much as possible.

[0003] Searching the Derwent database, the National Intellectual Property Office patent database, and the Tsinghua Tongfang CNKI journal database, it is found that there are limitations in the current geological design of the horizontal section of tight sandstone gas reservoirs, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) In terms of horizontal well layout, the focus is mainly on the optimization of the horizontal well arrangement direction, well spacing, and horizontal section length. For example, the patent “A method, medium, terminal, and device for optimizing the distribution of well patterns of fracturing horizontal wells (CN202010008793.7)” establishes a non-intersecting constraint optimization model for the well pattern of fracturing horizontal wells, and simultaneously optimizes parameters such as well pattern form, number of wells, horizontal well inclination and length, perforation position, and fracture properties; the document “Study on geological optimization design of different types of horizontal wells in the Ordos Basin” studies the geological optimization design of horizontal wells from the aspects of horizontal well orientation, horizontal well length, horizontal well distance to top, horizontal well distance to edge water, and perforation method. The domestic and foreign patents and literatures retrieved did not consider the uneven expansion of fracture height caused by the vertical heterogeneity of tight sandstone reservoirs. At present, the middle of the layer is generally selected as the drilling position of horizontal wells, which is suitable for fracturing transformation of thin sandstone or multi-layer sandstone, but it is difficult to achieve full expansion of fracture height in the layer for thick sandstone. (2) In terms of horizontal well perforation, fixed-surface perforation and directional perforation are mainly used to control the expansion of fracturing cracks and optimize parameters such as perforation layer position, perforation orientation, perforation density, and perforation depth. For example, the patent "A method for optimizing volume fracturing perforation layer position using well logging data (CN201510433840.1)" uses well logging data to calculate the dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic Poise of different layers. The looseness ratio, the mechanical brittleness index and compressibility index of the layer are calculated to provide a decision-making basis for the optimization of the perforation layer for volume fracturing; the literature "Analysis of the influence of perforation parameters on hydraulic fracturing effect" studies the influence of perforation parameters on fracturing construction and compares field application examples, and draws the influence of perforation depth, perforation orientation and perforation height on the expansion of fracturing cracks; the literature "Physical simulation of the expansion law of near-wellbore cracks based on staggered fixed-surface perforation" uses two types of perforating bullets to conduct a large-scale perforation target experiment, simulates the staggered fixed-surface perforation process in shale, analyzes the morphology, formation mechanism and expansion law of near-wellbore cracks under the condition of staggered fixed-surface perforation, and discusses the artificial control method of near-wellbore cracks. At present, the horizontal well section perforation design method is based on the full perforation of the horizontal wellbore, and the crack expansion morphology is controlled by perforation depth and perforation angle, but the controllability of the crack expansion scale is poor, which cannot meet the needs of uniform expansion of fracture height in thick and dense sandstone reservoirs.

[0004] In summary, the research on the integration of geological engineering for horizontal well fracturing is gaining more and more attention, especially the heterogeneity of geological engineering characteristics in the vertical direction of thick and tight sandstone reservoirs, which leads to the lack of targeted methods for the design of uneven fracture height expansion. On the basis of fully evaluating the expansion law of thick and tight sandstone fracture height, the vertical position of the horizontal well section in the fracturing layer and the perforation position of the wellbore should be optimized to maximize the uniform expansion of fracture height and improve the overall transformation degree of thick and tight sandstone gas reservoirs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a horizontal well staged fracturing method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, so as to solve the problem of uneven longitudinal expansion of fracture height in thick and tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the prior art, optimize the design position of the horizontal well drilling layer segment and the distribution position of the wellbore perforation around the horizontal segment, realize the uniform expansion of the fractures in the thick and tight sandstone gas reservoir reservoir fracturing transformation, and maximize the utilization of the vertically distributed reserves.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a horizontal well staged fracturing method, comprising:

[0007] Collect fracturing geological data of target thick and tight sandstone blocks, obtain the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of vertical geological physical parameters, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on the geological physical parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model;

[0008] Based on the geological layer segment division, the layer segments are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine layer segment division for geological engineering integration;

[0009] Based on the geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division, the horizontal well section drilling position is adjusted upward or downward according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be evenly expanded in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the horizontal well drilling layer segment is optimized;

[0010] Based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval and the longitudinal expansion of the fracture height, the number of perforations and related parameters in the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore are further optimized to make the fracture height evenly expand in the longitudinal direction of the target reservoir.

[0011] According to the established regional fracturing geological model, optimized horizontal well drilling intervals and horizontal wellbore perforation positions, the fracture length and interval cluster spacing are optimized to complete the optimization plan of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, thereby increasing the fracture network transformation volume and the utilization degree of thick dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the collection of target thick-layer tight sandstone block fracturing geological data, the acquisition of the vertical geological physical parameter heterogeneity distribution characteristics, the preliminary completion of geological layer segmentation based on the geological physical parameter, and the establishment of a regional fracturing geological model include:

[0013] Collecting fracturing geological data of target thick-layer tight sandstone blocks, the fracturing geological data includes sedimentary phase, sedimentary cycle, porosity, permeability, physical property characteristics of oil and gas saturation and reservoir lithology characteristics;

[0014] Analyze the collected geological and physical parameters of the fracturing to determine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological and physical parameters;

[0015] Based on the analysis of the fracturing geological physical parameters, the geological layer segmentation is preliminarily completed;

[0016] A regional fracturing geological model is established based on the collected horizontal well trajectory data, well logging, structural surface data, the preliminary geological layer division, and the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological physical parameters of the sand body.

[0017] In a possible implementation, based on the geological layer segment division, the layer segments are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine layer segment division for geological engineering integration, including:

[0018] According to the logging data of different layers, select the appropriate rock mechanics parameter calculation model, accurately calculate the rock mechanics parameters that affect the fracturing effect in different layers, and adjust and correct the minimum horizontal principal stress value according to the closing stress gradient value. The rock mechanics parameters include shear wave parameters, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, overburden pressure, and minimum horizontal principal stress;

[0019] Based on the fracturing geology and rock mechanics parameters, simulate the longitudinal expansion of fracture height, determine the main controlling factors affecting fracture height expansion, and draw fracture height expansion charts under different values ​​of the main controlling factors;

[0020] The geological sections with small reservoir stress difference and interlayer thickness and fracture height that can be extended through the layer are merged, and the sections with large reservoir stress difference and fracture height that cannot be extended are finely divided; the fine division of geological and engineering integrated sections is realized.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the shear wave parameters are determined using formula (1) and formula (2):

[0022]

[0023] f SH (mts,kts,vsh)=-(kts×AC-mts)×(1-vsh) (2)

[0024] Where, AC is the longitudinal wave time difference; TS is the calculated shear wave time difference; ρ b -bulk density; mts-shear wave addition value; kts-shear wave correction factor; vsh-shale content correction;

[0025] The Poisson's ratio is determined using formula (3):

[0026]

[0027] The Young's modulus is determined using formula (4):

[0028]

[0029] The bulk modulus is determined using formula (5):

[0030]

[0031] The overburden pressure is determined using formula (6):

[0032] σ V =g×(ρ0×H0+∑ρ i ×ΔH×0.1) (6)

[0033] In the formula, σ v - overburden pressure; g-gravitational acceleration; ρ0-average density from the starting depth of the well section to the wellhead; H0-starting depth of the well section; ρ i -density curve value; ΔH-depth step;

[0034] The Terzaghi model is applicable to tight sandstone reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Where P p - formation pore pressure;

[0037] The Anderson model is applicable to sand-mud interbedded reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0038]

[0039] The Biot coefficient in formula (8) is determined using formula (9):

[0040] Bio=1.0-BMOD×(1.0 / (13400×D g ×(3.0×tms 2 -4.0×tm 2 ) / (3.0×tms 2 ×tm 2 )))(9)

[0041] Where D g - skeleton density; tms- skeleton shear wave time difference; tm- skeleton longitudinal wave time difference;

[0042] The Newberry model is applicable to sandstone or shale reservoirs with high shale content. The minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0043]

[0044] In a possible implementation, the fine division of the geological-engineering integrated layer segments, the upward or downward adjustment of the horizontal well drilling position according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be evenly expanded in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the horizontal well drilling segment is optimized, including:

[0045] According to the uneven longitudinal expansion characteristics of fracture height and the geological and engineering integrated layer division, the drilling position of the horizontal well section is adjusted upward or downward;

[0046] After completing the adjustment of the drilled layer section, further simulate the expansion of the hydraulic fracture height to determine the expansion law of the hydraulic fracture height in the new layer section;

[0047] By continuously adjusting the drilling position of the horizontal well section, the fracture height can be expanded uniformly in the vertically heterogeneous reservoir to the greatest extent.

[0048] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a horizontal well staged fracturing device, comprising:

[0049] Fracturing geological model building module: used to collect fracturing geological data of target thick and dense sandstone blocks, obtain the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of vertical geological physical parameters, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on geological physical parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model;

[0050] The module for fine segmentation of geological and engineering integration is used to further merge or subdivide the layers based on the geological segmentation according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation, so as to realize fine segmentation of geological and engineering integration layers;

[0051] Horizontal well drilling section optimization module: used to finely divide the geological engineering integrated section, and to increase or decrease the horizontal well section drilling position according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so as to achieve balanced expansion of the hydraulic fracture height in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir and optimize the horizontal well drilling section;

[0052] Horizontal wellbore perforation position optimization module: used to further optimize the number of perforations and related parameters in the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval and the longitudinal expansion of the fracture height, so that the fracture height can be evenly expanded in the target reservoir longitudinally;

[0053] Reservoir fracturing scheme determination module: used to optimize the length of the fracturing cracks and the spacing between the segment clusters according to the established regional fracturing geological model, the optimized horizontal well drilling layer segment and the annular horizontal wellbore perforation position, complete the optimization scheme of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, and increase the volume of the fracture network transformation and the degree of utilization of thick and dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

[0054] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:

[0055] processor;

[0056] Memory;

[0057] And a computer program, wherein the computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device executes any one of the methods described in the first aspect.

[0058] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located in the time and space where the program is executed executes any one of the methods described in the first aspect.

[0059] The present invention provides a horizontal well staged fracturing method, device, electronic device and storage medium, the method includes fine analysis of thick and tight sandstone geological parameters and establishment of fracturing model, fine division of layers based on rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation, optimization design of horizontal well drilling layers, optimization of perforation position distribution around horizontal wellbore, optimization design of fracturing crack parameters, etc. The geological layers are preliminarily divided based on geological physical parameters, and the layers are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine division of geological engineering integrated layers; on the basis of geological engineering integrated layer division, the horizontal well drilling layers and the perforation distribution positions around horizontal wellbore are optimized for uneven expansion of longitudinal fracture height, promoting uniform expansion of fracture height in thick heterogeneous reservoirs, optimizing fracturing crack parameters based on the prediction results of fracturing well production capacity, and maximizing the volume of fracture network transformation and the degree of utilization of thick and tight sandstone gas reservoirs. In the embodiment of the present application, the present invention maximizes the degree and effect of fracturing transformation, realizes full transformation of thick and tight sandstone reservoirs, and improves the recovery rate and economic benefits of oil and gas fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0061] Figure 1 A flow chart of a horizontal well staged fracturing method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG2( a ) is a schematic diagram of an optimized design for a horizontal well drilled above the middle of a reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG2( b ) is a schematic diagram of the optimized design of the middle part of the reservoir in the horizontal well drilling section provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG2( c ) is a schematic diagram of the optimization design below the middle of the reservoir in the horizontal well drilling section provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG3( a ) is a schematic diagram of an optimized expansion perforation below the horizontal well fracture height provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG3( b ) is a schematic diagram of the optimization of the vertically uniform expansion perforation of the horizontal well fracture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG3( c ) is a schematic diagram of an optimized expansion perforation at an upper side of a horizontal well fracture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the target reservoir geological layer division provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a regional fracturing geological model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 6 The vertical minimum principal stress curve of the target compact sandstone thick reservoir provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a high expansion diagram of a hydraulic fracture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Figure 8 A simulation diagram of high expansion of hydraulic fractures provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Fig. 9 A drilling location diagram of the horizontal wells of the D1 and D2 sand layers provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Fig.10 A structural block diagram of a horizontal well staged fracturing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0077] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0078] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0079] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0080] At present, the horizontal well section perforation design method is to control the fracture expansion morphology by perforation depth and perforation angle based on the full perforation of the horizontal wellbore, but the controllability of the fracture expansion scale is poor and cannot meet the needs of uniform expansion of fracture height in thick and tight sandstone reservoirs.

[0081] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a horizontal well staged fracturing method, including detailed analysis of thick and tight sandstone geological parameters and establishment of a fracturing model, calculation of intra-layer staged rock mechanics parameters and simulation of high vertical expansion of hydraulic fractures, optimization design of horizontal well drilling segment, optimization of perforation position distribution around horizontal wellbore, optimization design of hydraulic fracture parameters and well pattern spacing, etc. The horizontal well drilling segment design and the non-uniform distribution optimization design scheme of perforation position around horizontal wellbore are optimized to optimize the design position of the horizontal well drilling segment and the perforation distribution position around the horizontal segment wellbore, so as to achieve uniform expansion of fractures in the fracturing transformation of thick and tight sandstone gas reservoirs and maximize the use of vertically distributed reserves.

[0082] In order to make the technical content and technical advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples of a fracturing geological engineering scheme for a dense and thick sandstone block in Canada. It should be pointed out that: unless otherwise defined, the relevant terms used in the present invention should be technical terms that can be understood by technicians with general skills in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, and are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0083] See also Figure 1 , is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a turbidite sandstone lithologic trap identification method provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes the following steps.

[0084] S101: Collect the target thick-layer tight sandstone block fracturing geological data, obtain the vertical geological property parameter heterogeneity distribution characteristics, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on the geological property parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model;

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, firstly, the fracturing geological data of the target thick-layer tight sandstone block are collected, and the fracturing geological data include sedimentary phase, sedimentary cycle, porosity, permeability, physical property characteristics of oil and gas saturation and numerical changes of reservoir lithology in the vertical direction; the collected fracturing geological physical property parameters are analyzed to determine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological physical property parameters; based on the analysis of the fracturing geological physical property parameters, the geological layer division is preliminarily completed; according to the collected horizontal well trajectory data, well logging, structural surface data and the preliminarily completed geological layer division, the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological physical property parameters of the sand body, a regional fracturing geological model is established.

[0086] In the specific implementation, the optimization design of the fracturing geological engineering scheme was carried out for a dense and thick sandstone block in Canada, as follows:

[0087] The target reservoir is a storm sandy shore deposited dense sandstone distribution pattern, the sedimentary subfacies is the coastal facies, the sedimentary microfacies is the coastal sand bar and the coastal beach, the reservoir thickness is 80m, it is a dense sandstone thick reservoir, the depth range is 2680m-2760m, the reservoir porosity is 3.3%-3.7%, by sorting out and recording the vertical numerical changes of various parameters of the target reservoir, clarifying the vertical geological parameter heterogeneity distribution characteristics, divided into 2 sand layer groups, 4 sand layers, such as Figure 4 As shown; on the basis of fully evaluating the scale of fracturing construction and the vertical and horizontal transformation range of the reservoir, a regional fracturing geological model is established, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0088] S102: Based on the geological layer segment division, the layer segments are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine layer segment division for geological engineering integration;

[0089] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the upper D1 sand layer group has a depth range of 2680m-2718m, and the lower D2 sand layer group has a depth range of 2718m-2760m. The Anderson model was selected, and the biot coefficient was adjusted based on the logging data and geological data of different layers. The rock mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses, and fracture pressure were calculated to study the influence of rock mechanical parameters on the height expansion of hydraulic fractures. Based on the regional hydraulic fracture geological model, the rock mechanical parameter model was established by interpolation. The hydraulic fracture height expansion law under the conditions of uniform perforation of horizontal wells in the middle of the reservoir and the ring was simulated. It was found that the height of the hydraulic fracture was mainly affected by the difference in the minimum horizontal principal stress and the thickness of the reservoir barrier layer. The minimum horizontal principal stress in the lower part of the target reservoir was slightly higher than the minimum horizontal principal stress in the upper part (see Figure 6 ), and draw the fracturing penetration chart according to the high expansion simulation of the fracture, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0090] In this embodiment, according to the logging data of different layers, a suitable rock mechanics parameter calculation model is selected, the rock mechanics parameters affecting the fracturing effect in different layers are accurately calculated, and the minimum horizontal principal stress value is adjusted and corrected according to the closing stress gradient value. The rock mechanics parameters include shear wave parameters, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, overburden pressure, and minimum horizontal principal stress; based on the fracturing geology and rock mechanics parameters, the longitudinal expansion of the fracture height is simulated, the main controlling factors affecting the expansion of the fracture height are determined, and the fracture height expansion plate under different values ​​of the main controlling factors is drawn; the geological layers with small reservoir stress difference and interlayer thickness and fracture height that can be expanded through the layer are merged, and the layers with large reservoir stress difference and fracture height that cannot be expanded in the geological layers are finely divided; the fine division of the layers of geological engineering integration is realized.

[0091] Among them, the shear wave parameters are determined using formula (1) and formula (2):

[0092]

[0093] f SH (mts,kts,vsh)=-(kts×AC-mts)×(1-vsh) (2)

[0094] Where, AC is the longitudinal wave time difference; TS is the calculated shear wave time difference; ρ b -bulk density; mts-shear wave addition value; kts-shear wave correction factor; vsh-shale content correction;

[0095] Poisson's ratio is determined using formula (3):

[0096]

[0097] Young's modulus is determined using formula (4):

[0098]

[0099] The bulk modulus is determined using formula (5):

[0100]

[0101] The overburden pressure is determined using formula (6):

[0102] σ V =g×(ρ0×H0+∑ρ i ×ΔH×0.1) (6)

[0103] In the formula, σ v - overburden pressure; g-gravitational acceleration; ρ0-average density from the starting depth of the well section to the wellhead; H0-starting depth of the well section; ρ i -density curve value; ΔH-depth step;

[0104] The Terzaghi model is applicable to tight sandstone reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Where P p - formation pore pressure;

[0107] The Anderson model is applicable to sand-mud interbedded reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0108]

[0109] The Biot coefficient in formula (8) is determined using formula (9):

[0110] Bio=1.0-BMOD×(1.0 / (13400×D g ×(3.0×tms 2 -4.0×tm 2 ) / (3.0×tms 2 ×tm 2 )))(9)

[0111] Where D g - skeleton density; tms- skeleton shear wave time difference; tm- skeleton longitudinal wave time difference;

[0112] The Newberry model is applicable to sandstone or shale reservoirs with high shale content. The minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

[0113]

[0114] S103: Based on the geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division, the horizontal well section drilling position is adjusted upward or downward according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be evenly expanded in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the horizontal well drilling layer segment is optimized;

[0115] In this embodiment, according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height and the geological engineering integrated layer division, the horizontal well section drilling position is adjusted upward or downward; after completing the adjustment of the drilling layer section, the expansion of the hydraulic fracture height is further simulated to determine the expansion law of the hydraulic fracture height in the new layer section; by continuously adjusting the horizontal well section drilling position, the hydraulic fracture height is maximized in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir. As shown in Figure 2 (a), Figure 2 (b), and Figure 2 (c), Figure 2 (a) shows that the fracture height expansion resistance in the upper part of the reservoir is large, the fracture height expands downward, and the horizontal well drilling layer section is located above the middle of the reservoir; Figure 2 (b) shows that the longitudinal fracture height expansion of the reservoir is relatively uniform or the difference in the upper and lower resistances of the fracture height expansion is small, and the horizontal well drilling layer section is located in the middle of the reservoir; Figure 2 (c) shows that the fracture height expansion resistance in the lower part of the reservoir is large, the fracture height expands upward, and the horizontal well drilling layer section is located below the middle of the reservoir.

[0116] In the specific implementation, according to Figure 7 As shown in the fracture height expansion diagram, since the stress difference between D1 and D2 layers is less than 1.5MPa and the fracture height can penetrate the entire 80m reservoir, D1 and D2 layers are combined into one development layer in engineering. At the same time, considering the geological layer division, horizontal wells are drilled in the D1-2 sand layer and D2-1 sand layer respectively, and horizontal wells are drilled at depths of 2709m (D1-2 sand layer) and 2728m (D2-1 sand layer) based on fracture height expansion simulation.

[0117] S104: Based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval and the longitudinal expansion of the hydraulic fracture height, the number of perforations and related parameters at the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore are further optimized to make the hydraulic fracture height evenly expand in the longitudinal direction of the target reservoir;

[0118] Specific as Figure 3(a) , 3(b) As shown in Figure 3(c), Figure 3(a) shows that on the basis of optimizing the layer section encountered by the horizontal well, the fracture height is extended downward, and perforations can be made only above the horizontal wellbore, or the number of perforations above the horizontal well is increased, and the number of perforations below the horizontal well is reduced. Figure 3(b) shows that on the basis of optimizing the layer section encountered by the horizontal well, the fracture height is uniformly extended in the vertical direction, and the horizontal well is uniformly perforated. Figure 3(c) shows that on the basis of optimizing the layer section encountered by the horizontal well, the fracture height is extended upward, and perforations can be made only below the horizontal well, or the number of perforations below the horizontal well is increased, and the number of perforations above the horizontal well is reduced.

[0119] In this embodiment, based on the optimization of the drilling position of the horizontal well, in order to make the fracture height evenly expand, the horizontal well at 2709m (D1-2 sand layer) is designed to perforate the lower part of the horizontal wellbore, and the horizontal well at 2728m (D2-1 sand layer) is designed to perforate the upper part of the horizontal wellbore. By adjusting the perforation position, the pressure fracture height of the horizontal wells in the two layers can be evenly penetrated through the reservoir. The fracture expansion morphology is shown in Figure 8 .

[0120] S105: According to the established regional fracturing geological model, the optimized horizontal well drilling layer segment and the horizontal wellbore perforation position, the fracturing fracture length and segment cluster spacing are optimized to complete the optimization plan of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, thereby increasing the fracture network transformation volume and the utilization degree of thick dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

[0121] In this embodiment, based on the establishment of the fracturing model and the optimization design of the horizontal well drilling layer and the perforation position of the horizontal well, the parameters such as the length of the fracturing crack and the spacing between the clusters are further optimized. The optimal solution is determined based on the production capacity prediction results. The D1-2 sand layer and the D2-1 sand layer are staggered. The half-length of the fracturing crack is 158-179m, and the fracture height extension runs through the entire reservoir, reaching 80m. A single-stage fracturing has 3-5 clusters, and the spacing between the fracturing clusters is 18-28m. Fig. 9 As shown, this is the drilling location map of the horizontal wells in the D1 and D2 sand layers.

[0122] Corresponding to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present application also provides a horizontal well staged fracturing device.

[0123] See also Fig.10 , which is a structural block diagram of a horizontal well staged fracturing device provided in this application. Fig.10 As shown, it mainly includes the following modules.

[0124] Fracturing geological model establishment module 1001: used to collect fracturing geological data of target thick-layered dense sandstone blocks, obtain the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of vertical geological physical parameters, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on the geological physical parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model;

[0125] The geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division module 1002 is used to further merge or subdivide the layer segments based on the geological layer segment division according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation, so as to realize the geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division;

[0126] Horizontal well drilling layer optimization module 1003: used to adjust the horizontal well drilling position upward or downward according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height based on the geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division, so as to achieve balanced expansion of the hydraulic fracture height in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir and optimize the horizontal well drilling layer segment;

[0127] 1004: Optimizing module for perforation positions in horizontal wellbore: used to further optimize the number of perforations and related parameters in the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore according to the longitudinal expansion of the hydraulic fracture height based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be uniformly expanded in the longitudinal direction of the target reservoir;

[0128] Reservoir fracturing scheme determination module 1005: is used to optimize the length of the fracturing cracks and the spacing between the segment clusters according to the established regional fracturing geological model, the optimized horizontal well drilling layer segment and the horizontal wellbore perforation position, complete the optimization scheme of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, and increase the volume of the fracture network transformation and the degree of utilization of thick and dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

[0129] It should be pointed out that the specific contents involved in the embodiments of the present application can be found in the description of the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0130] Corresponding to the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device.

[0131] See also Fig.11 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.11 As shown, the electronic device 1100 may include: a processor 1101, a memory 1102 and a communication unit 1103. These components communicate through one or more buses. Those skilled in the art can understand that the electronic device structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. It can be a bus structure or a star structure, and can also include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange components differently.

[0132] The communication unit 1103 is used to establish a communication channel so that the electronic device can communicate with other devices.

[0133] The processor 1101 is the control center of the electronic device. It uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device. It runs or executes software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 1102, and calls data stored in the memory to perform various functions of the electronic device and / or process data. The processor can be composed of an integrated circuit (IC), for example, it can be composed of a single packaged IC, or it can be composed of multiple packaged ICs with the same or different functions. For example, the processor 1101 can include only a central processing unit (CPU). In the embodiment of the present application, the CPU can be a single computing core or multiple computing cores.

[0134] Memory 1102 is used to store execution instructions of processor 1101. Memory 1102 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination of them, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0135] When the execution instructions in the memory 1102 are executed by the processor 1101 , the electronic device 1100 is enabled to execute part or all of the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0136] Corresponding to the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium may store a program, wherein when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located may be controlled to perform some or all of the steps in the above method embodiment. In a specific implementation, the computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a random access memory (RAM).

[0137] Corresponding to the above-mentioned embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes executable instructions. When the executable instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiment.

[0138] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone. Among them, A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and subsequent associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b and c can be represented by: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0139] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in a combination of electronic hardware, computer software, and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0140] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0141] In several embodiments provided in the present application, any function can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc., and other media that can store program codes.

[0142] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A horizontal well staged fracturing method, characterized in that: include: Collect fracturing geological data of target thick and tight sandstone blocks, obtain the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of vertical geological physical parameters, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on the geological physical parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model; Based on the geological layer segment division, the layer segments are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine layer segment division for geological engineering integration; Based on the geological engineering integrated layer segment fine division, the horizontal well section drilling position is adjusted upward or downward according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be evenly expanded in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the horizontal well drilling layer segment is optimized; Based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval and the longitudinal expansion of the fracture height, the number of perforations and related parameters in the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore are further optimized to make the fracture height evenly expand in the longitudinal direction of the target reservoir. According to the established regional fracturing geological model, optimized horizontal well drilling intervals and horizontal wellbore perforation positions, the fracture length and interval cluster spacing are optimized to complete the optimization plan of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, thereby increasing the fracture network transformation volume and the utilization degree of thick dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

2. A horizontal well staged fracturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of collecting the target thick-layer tight sandstone block fracturing geological data, obtaining the longitudinal geological physical property parameter heterogeneity distribution characteristics, preliminarily completing the geological layer segmentation based on the geological physical property parameters, and establishing the regional fracturing geological model includes: Collecting fracturing geological data of target thick-layer tight sandstone blocks, the fracturing geological data includes sedimentary phase, sedimentary cycle, porosity, permeability, physical property characteristics of oil and gas saturation and reservoir lithology characteristics; Analyze the collected geological and physical parameters of the fracturing to determine the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological and physical parameters; Based on the analysis of the fracturing geological physical parameters, the geological layer segmentation is preliminarily completed; A regional fracturing geological model is established based on the collected horizontal well trajectory data, well logging, structural surface data, the preliminary geological layer division, and the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of the vertical geological physical parameters of the sand body.

3. A horizontal well staged fracturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the geological layer segment division, the layer segments are further merged or subdivided according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation to achieve fine layer segment division for geological engineering integration, including: According to the logging data of different layers, select the appropriate rock mechanics parameter calculation model, accurately calculate the rock mechanics parameters that affect the fracturing effect in different layers, and adjust and correct the minimum horizontal principal stress value according to the closing stress gradient value. The rock mechanics parameters include shear wave parameters, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, overburden pressure, and minimum horizontal principal stress; Based on the fracturing geology and rock mechanics parameters, simulate the longitudinal expansion of fracture height, determine the main controlling factors affecting fracture height expansion, and draw fracture height expansion charts under different values ​​of the main controlling factors; The geological sections with small reservoir stress difference and interlayer thickness and fracture height that can be extended through the layer are merged, and the sections with large reservoir stress difference and fracture height that cannot be extended are finely divided; the fine division of geological and engineering integrated sections is realized.

4. A horizontal well staged fracturing method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that ,, the shear wave parameters are determined using formula (1) and formula (2): f SH (mts,kts,vsh)=-(kts×AC-mts)×(1-vsh) (2) Where, AC is the longitudinal wave time difference; TS is the calculated shear wave time difference; ρ b -bulk density; mts-shear wave addition value; kts-shear wave correction factor; vsh-shale content correction; The Poisson's ratio is determined using formula (3): The Young's modulus is determined using formula (4): The bulk modulus is determined using formula (5): The overburden pressure is determined using formula (6): s V =g×(ρ0×H0+∑ρ i ×ΔH×0.1) (6) In the formula, σ v - overburden pressure; g-gravitational acceleration; ρ0-average density from the starting depth of the well section to the wellhead; H0-starting depth of the well section; ρ i -density curve value; ΔH-depth step; The Terzaghi model is applicable to tight sandstone reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows: Where P p - formation pore pressure; The Anderson model is applicable to sand-mud interbedded reservoirs, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows: The Biot coefficient in formula (8) is determined using formula (9): Bio=1.0-BMOD×(1.0 / (13400×D g ×(3.0×tms 2 -4.0×tm 2 ) / (3.0×tms 2 ×tm 2 ))) (9) Where D g - skeletal density; TMS-frame shear wave time difference; tm-skeleton longitudinal wave time difference; The Newberry model is applicable to sandstone or shale reservoirs with high shale content. The minimum horizontal principal stress is expressed as follows:

5. A horizontal well staged fracturing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that ,, based on the fine division of the geological engineering integrated layer sections, the horizontal well section drilling position is adjusted upward or downward according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so that the hydraulic fracture height can be balanced in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir, and the horizontal well drilling layer section is optimized, including: According to the uneven longitudinal expansion characteristics of fracture height and the geological and engineering integrated layer division, the drilling position of the horizontal well section is adjusted upward or downward; After completing the adjustment of the drilled layer section, further simulate the expansion of the hydraulic fracture height to determine the expansion law of the hydraulic fracture height in the new layer section; By continuously adjusting the drilling position of the horizontal well section, the fracture height can be expanded uniformly in the vertically heterogeneous reservoir to the greatest extent.

6. A horizontal well staged fracturing device, characterized in that: include: Fracturing geological model building module: used to collect fracturing geological data of target thick and dense sandstone blocks, obtain the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of vertical geological physical parameters, preliminarily complete the geological layer segmentation based on geological physical parameters, and establish a regional fracturing geological model; The module for fine segmentation of geological and engineering integration is used to further merge or subdivide the layers based on the geological segmentation according to rock mechanics parameters and fracture height expansion simulation, so as to realize fine segmentation of geological and engineering integration layers; Horizontal well drilling section optimization module: used to finely divide the geological engineering integrated section, and to increase or decrease the horizontal well section drilling position according to the longitudinal uneven expansion characteristics of the fracture height, so as to achieve balanced expansion of the hydraulic fracture height in the longitudinal heterogeneous reservoir and optimize the horizontal well drilling section; Horizontal wellbore perforation position optimization module: used to further optimize the number of perforations and related parameters in the upper and lower parts of the horizontal wellbore based on the optimized horizontal well drilling interval and the longitudinal expansion of the fracture height, so that the fracture height can be evenly expanded in the target reservoir longitudinally; Reservoir fracturing scheme determination module: used to optimize the length of the fracturing cracks and the spacing between the segment clusters according to the established regional fracturing geological model, the optimized horizontal well drilling layer segment and the annular horizontal wellbore perforation position, complete the optimization scheme of the dense and thick sandstone reservoir fracturing geological engineering, and increase the volume of the fracture network transformation and the degree of utilization of thick and dense sandstone gas reservoirs.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; Memory; And a computer program, wherein the computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program includes instructions, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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