Seed control and efficiency improvement method for konjak cultivation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling seeds and improving efficiency in konjak cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of konjak cultivation. The invention provides a konjak cultivation seed control and efficiency improvement method which comprises the following steps: selecting soil with a deep soil layer and high organic matter content, planting konjak harmlessly by using corn straws, placing the konjak among the straws, placing a base fertilizer among the konjak, separating seeds from the fertilizer, and covering the soil with the thickness of 5-8cm; a chemical method is adopted to control the growth of the child taros, and a budding agent is sprayed in the head changing period and the initial expansion period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of konjac cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for controlling and enhancing the efficiency of konjac cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Konjac belongs to the phylum Angiosperms, class Monocots, family Araceae, genus Amorphophallus. Konjac is the only best water-soluble dietary fiber discovered so far, with good lipid-lowering, blood sugar-lowering, weight loss, improvement of intestinal microecology, and immunity enhancement. It has good application prospects in the fields of food, health care products, chemicals, petroleum, and textiles. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, konjac has been sought after as a healthy food, and the konjac industry has continued to be hot. White konjac and white konjac hybrids are the highest quality konjac varieties. Due to the advantages of high flour yield, high glucomannan content, and high viscosity, the market demand is strong and the goods are hard to find. However, this type of konjac production has the industrial problems of many konjacs, a small proportion of corms, and low yield. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a method for controlling konjac seedlings and increasing efficiency, and the purpose of controlling konjac seedlings, increasing production and increasing efficiency is achieved by controlling konjac seedlings.

[0004] The konjac cultivation control and synergistic enhancement method provided by the present invention comprises three aspects:

[0005] 1. Agricultural measures: Deep furrows, high ridges and shallow sowing. Choose soil with deep soil layer and high organic matter content. The furrow depth should be more than 30cm and the soil cover should not exceed 8cm. Studies have shown that plant lateral branches are mainly differentiated from apical meristems. The axillary bud meristems need to go through two processes to become lateral branches: early formation and late growth. Under certain conditions, the meristems can develop into lateral branches. The surrounding environment has high water content and low oxygen content, which stimulates the development signal factors and determines the activity state of the axillary buds by affecting auxin, cytokinin and strigastridium lactone.

[0006] 2. Cultivating konjac with corn stalks can greatly reduce the number of konjacs and increase the weight of the bulbs, while optimizing the commercial quality. When planting konjac, dig a konjac planting ditch one month in advance and place the corn stalks harvested last year. Put the corn stalks in bundles of 10 in the ditch and plant konjac ( Figure 3 ) When planting, place the konjac seeds directly in the gap between the straw bundles. The distance between the two seeds is determined by the size of the box and the seed. The base fertilizer is applied on the straw, between the two konjac seeds, to isolate the seeds and fertilizers, and then cover with 5-8cm of soil. For varieties with vigorous growth of konjac, reduce humidity to inhibit the growth of axillary buds and increase the proportion of corms.

[0007] 3. Chemical method to control the growth of taro: spray or irrigate the roots with 11g / L of bud remover during the head replacement period and the initial expansion period. Bud remover (pentadimethoxine) is a dinitrotoluidine chemical that mainly inhibits the division of meristem cells and acts on the young shoots of the monocotyledonous plant konjac to achieve the purpose of controlling the growth of taro.

[0008] Beneficial effect: The present invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of corn stalks, and the planting of konjac is deep in the ditch, high in the ridge, shallow in the sowing of the seed taro, with high yield and good commercial quality. The harmless utilization of corn stalks for planting konjac not only reduces the environmental pollution caused by burning, but also reduces the number of konjac seed taro, increases the bulb yield, and the konjac fruit has a good shape and is conducive to cleaning. The soil with a deep soil layer and high organic matter content is selected, and the trench is 30cm deep. The corn stalks harvested last year are placed in a bundle of 10 in the trench, and the konjac seeds are placed in the middle of the stalks. The base fertilizer is placed between the konjacs to achieve the isolation of the seed fertilizer, and then covered with 5-8cm of soil. Studies have shown that plant lateral branches are mainly differentiated from apical meristems. The axillary bud meristems go through two processes to become lateral branches: early formation and late growth. Meristems can develop into lateral branches under certain conditions. The surrounding environment has high moisture and insufficient oxygen, which stimulates developmental signal factors and determines the activity state of axillary buds by affecting auxin, cytokinin and strigastridium lactone. Straw planting with appropriate shallow sowing requires relatively less water, and the yield of taro is reduced by more than 34.5%-50.2%, and the yield of konjac is increased by 6.9%-12.9%.

[0009] In the scheme described in the present invention, a chemical method is also used to control the growth of the taro, and 11g / L of bud remover is sprayed at the head replacement stage and the initial stage of expansion, which reduces the weight of the taro by 37.4%-48.7%. The bud remover (pentadimethoxine) is a dinitrotoluidine chemical, which mainly inhibits the division of meristem cells and acts on the young shoots of the monocotyledonous plant konjac, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the growth of the taro. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a random planting map of the experimental plot;

[0011] Figure 2 For field planting map;

[0012] Figure 3 for corn stalk konjac cultivation;

[0013] Figure 4 Increase the aeration of clay soil for corn stalk cultivation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the scheme provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1

[0016] 1. Materials and Methods

[0017] (I) Test materials

[0018] The test variety is the second-year seed of hybrid konjac Yuanza No. 3, 50g-80g, and the seeds are provided by Yuanjiang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; 25% bud-killing agent is produced by Jiangxi Hetian Technology Co., Ltd.; Guoguang zinc sulfate with zinc content greater than 21% is produced by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., 330g / L bud-killing agent is produced by Shandong Shengbang Lvye Chemical Co., Ltd., 1% indolebutyric acid is produced by Hailier Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and 5% oxadiazole Guoguang Aizhuang brand is produced by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0019] (II) Test methods

[0020] The experiment was implemented in the Fangdou Park greenhouse in 2024. The experimental greenhouse is 31 meters long and 16 meters wide. Sowing was carried out on March 20, and the seeds were disinfected, germinated and sown. Nutrition pots were used for cultivation, wide and narrow rows, with a row spacing of 50 cm, a walkway of 100 cm, and a plant spacing of 50 cm. There were 50 cm protective rows around. Each agent was divided into two methods: spraying and root irrigation. The dosage was the same, and adjacent treatments were carried out simultaneously. Each group was treated with flumethalin (flumetralin), zinc sulfate, pendimethalin (dimethoate), indoleacetic acid, fenthion, fenthion, fenthion treatment of taro whip growth process observation group, zinc sulfate + fenthion (equimolar concentration) 7 treatments, and 1 control. Each group was arranged in random blocks, repeated 3 times, 60 plants per row in the experimental plot (1 meter in the middle walkway), arranged in two rows, 10 nests in a single row for each treatment, and 20 plants in a double row. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The S-shaped design shown in the figure was treated once in early June and once in mid-July. Protective rows were set up around the plant. The plant was cultivated in 40 cm diameter and 40 cm high plastic pots. The cultivation substrate was made of compost made of organic fertilizer, peat soil, stone millet soil, loam, quicklime, etc. The cultivation depth was 8 cm. Fertilization was based on 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, and the ratio of N:P2O5K2O was 6:1:8. Compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied during the expansion period. For soft rot control, thiophanate-methyl was used for control twice in mid-June and mid-July, and phoxim was added to the substrate to control underground pests. The water was irrigated at a uniform dose each time. Five plants were selected from each plot to investigate the humidity. Three more plants were selected to investigate the growth of the bulbous taro whip 15d, 30d, and 45d after the first application of the pesticide.

[0021] Table 1 Treatment field number table

[0022]

[0023] Table 2 Treatment concentration and period

[0024]

[0025] (III) Experimental results

[0026] 1. Results of the spray test

[0027] The harvest was conducted on November 15th. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. The number of taro sprayed with 6 kinds of pesticides was as follows:

[0028] (1) Quantity of chemically controlled sprayed taro

[0029] Compared with 11.9 roots / plant, the number of konjac taro decreased in the following treatments: 101333 roots / plant for chloranil, 7.3333 roots / plant for zinc sulfate, 7.3667 roots / plant for chloranil, 10.9333 roots / plant for indoleacetic acid, and 11.2 roots / plant for zinc sulfate + chloranil, which were reduced by 14.8%, 38.4%, 38.1%, 8.1% and 5.9% respectively. Only zinc sulfate and chloranil were effective at the 5% significant level through variance analysis (see Tables 3 and 4), indicating that zinc sulfate and chloranil can reduce the number of konjac taro by spraying.

[0030] The number of konjac taro increased by 12.3667 roots / plant, an increase of 3.9%, which did not reach a significant level, indicating that konjac taro had no effect on the increase or decrease of the number of konjac taro.

[0031] (2) Weight of chemically controlled sprayed taro

[0032] Compared with the control group of 143.3g / plant, the weight of taro seeds decreased by 114.2333g / plant for the treatment of chloranil, 68.8667g / plant for the treatment of zinc sulfate, 89.7g / plant for the treatment of indoleacetic acid, 101.2667g / plant, and 128.8667g / plant for the treatment of zinc sulfate + chloranil, which were reduced by 20.3%, 51.9%, 37.4%, 29.3% and 10.1% respectively. Only the zinc sulfate and chloranil treatments reached extremely significant results through SPSS analysis, indicating that spraying zinc sulfate and chloranil had a significant effect on reducing the weight of konjac taro seeds.

[0033] The weight of konjac taro increased by 144.1333 g / plant in the treatment of chloranil, an increase of 0.6%, which did not reach a significant level, indicating that spraying chloranil had no significant effect on the weight of konjac taro (see Tables 3 and 5).

[0034]

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] 2. Results of the root irrigation test

[0038] The data were analyzed by SPSS software, and the number of taro roots irrigated with 6 kinds of pesticides was as follows:

[0039] (1) Quantity of taro with chemical controlled irrigation

[0040] Compared with the control group of 10.9333 roots / plant, the number of taro seeds decreased in the following treatments: 10.7667 roots / plant for zinc sulfate treatment, 6.7667 roots / plant for bud-removing agent, 9.0333 roots / plant for indoleacetic acid, and 9.8333 roots / plant for zinc sulfate + oxadiazole, which were reduced by 1.5%, 38.1%, 38.1%, 17.4% and 10.1% respectively. Only the bud-removing agent treatment reached a significant level at the 5% significance level through variance analysis (see Tables 6 and 7), indicating that the bud-removing agent significantly reduced the number of konjac taro seeds through root irrigation.

[0041] The number of chlorpyrifos increased by 11.1667 roots / plant, an increase of 2.1%; the number of chlorpyrifos increased by 12.3667 roots / plant, an increase of 13.1%, which did not reach a significant level. This shows that chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos have no significant effect on the increase or decrease of the number of konjac taro.

[0042] (2) Weight of taro rooted in chemical irrigation

[0043] Compared with the control group of 146.2g / plant, the weight of taro seeds decreased in those treated with mefenamic acid (122.6g / plant), zinc sulfate (123.3g / plant), bud-removing agent (75.0333g / plant), indoleacetic acid (99.2667g / plant), and ethylenethiocyanate + zinc sulfate (117.1667g / plant), which were reduced by 16.1%, 15.7%, 48.7%, 32.1% and 19.9% ​​respectively. Only the bud-removing agent treatment reached extremely significant results through SPSS analysis, indicating that bud-removing agent has a significant effect on reducing the weight of konjac taro seeds through root irrigation.

[0044] The weight of konjac taro increased by 151.2667 g / plant in the treatment of chloranthazole, an increase of 3.5%, which did not reach a significant level, indicating that chloranthazole root irrigation had no significant effect on the weight of konjac taro (see Tables 6 and 8).

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] 3. Effects of chemical treatment on bulbs

[0049] The control bulb weight after pesticide spraying was 289.4667g / plant, zinc sulfate was 189.0667g / plant, and bud remover was 215.5667g / plant. The variance analysis did not reach extreme significance, indicating that the effect of pesticide spraying on increasing or decreasing bulb weight was not significant.

[0050] The control bulb weights of 259.8g / plant, 293.6667g / plant of thiamethoxam and 197.5333g / plant of bud remover were not significantly affected by root irrigation, which indicated that root irrigation with the selected agents had no significant effect on the increase or decrease of bulb weight.

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] In summary, spraying 1000-fold diluted zinc sulfate and 11 g / L sprout remover on the leaves in the early and middle stages of konjac expansion can significantly reduce the number and weight of konjac taro, and irrigating the roots with 11 g / L sprout remover can significantly reduce the number and weight of konjac taro.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] In 2021, in Chaotian Village, Changxi Town, Xuanhan County, at an altitude of 1,100 meters, with sandy loam soil, corn was planted before. Ten bundles of corn stalks from the previous year were placed in the ditch, and konjac seeds were placed in the middle of the stalks to plant konjac. Other techniques were the same as conventional planting. The stalks were rich in organic matter, provided support in the early stage, and the konjac was breathable ( Figure 4 ), played a key role in controlling the growth of taro. During the expansion period, due to the loose fruit shape, rich organic matter, it is conducive to the growth of bulbs, air permeability and water conservation, and the taro whip is controlled. The number of taro is reduced by 50.2% and the bulb yield is increased by 12.9% (see Table 11).

[0056] In summary, the combination of the two technologies or their use alone is effective in controlling konjac taro. Corn straw is needed to optimize fruit shape and increase bulb yield.

[0057]

[0058] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling and enhancing the synergy of konjac cultivation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) select the soil with high organic content of the deep soil layer, dig and plant furrow, then 10 bundles of corn stalks of last year are placed in the ditch, every bundle of straw is connected end to end, konjaku seeds are placed in the gap in the middle of corn stalks when planting konjaku, then apply base fertilizer between two konjaku seeds on corn stalks, and finally cover soil; (2) Apply bud remover during the head replacement period and the initial stage of swelling.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the planting trench in step (1) is above 30 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Step (1) prepares corn stalks and digs the planting furrows one month before planting konjac.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The corn stalk bundle in step (1) comprises 10 corn stalks.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer in step (1) includes 1000-2000 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-80 kg / mu of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer with a total content of more than 40%; the soil covering thickness is 5-8 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application in step (2) includes foliar spraying or root irrigation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The concentration of the bud remover for foliar spraying or root irrigation is 11 g / L.

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