The invention discloses a traceable effective open auditing method in cloud storage data sharing, and a cloud computing application system. The method comprises the following steps: initializing the system, generating a main private key and open parameters by using an attribute mechanism, allocating an attribute private key to each user, and embedding the user identity in the attribute private key; formulating a signature strategy by a data owner, generating a label for a data block, and uploading the label to a cloud server; modifying the data by a user satisfying the signature strategy; verifying the label of the modified data by the cloud server; sending challenge to the cloud server by a verifier; calculating auditing evidence by the cloud server, and returning the auditing evidence to the verifier; verifying the correctness of the evidence by the verifier; and tracing the malicious user. According to the traceable effective open auditing method disclosed by the invention, the privacy of the user identity is protected in a multi-user data sharing environment, the traceability of the malicious user is realized at the same time, and the storage overhead for tracing is a constant.