Superhard material guide rail machining device and machining method

Abstract

The invention relates to a superhard material guide rail machining device and method. The machining device comprises a lathe bed, a workbench and a cross beam. The X-axis linear motor module is arranged on the cross beam; the Z-axis linear module is arranged on the X-axis linear motor module; the spindle box is arranged on the Z-axis linear module; the motorized spindle is arranged in the spindle box, and the motorized spindle is provided with a grinding tool or a polishing tool through a clamping mechanism; the Y-axis linear motor module is arranged on the workbench; the workpiece carrying plate is arranged above the Y-axis linear motor module, and a plurality of air floating feet are arranged on the periphery of the workpiece carrying plate. The pneumatic tool changing system is arranged in the spindle box; and the numerical control system is used for controlling the movement of the X-axis linear module, the Y-axis linear module and the Z-axis linear module, and performing targeted correction on a local error high point by utilizing difference compensation. According to the invention, ultra-precision machining with flatness of 1 micrometer can be realized, rapid replacement of the cutter can be completed within a few seconds, and local error high points can be detected and corrected in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to a superhard material guide rail machining device and a machining method. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, superhard guide rails are widely used in various high-end equipment such as CNC machine tools, precision measuring instruments and automated production lines due to their high hardness, high wear resistance and high precision. The machining accuracy of these guide rails directly affects the performance and service life of the equipment. At present, it is very difficult for the processing equipment on the market to achieve a flatness of 1 micron when processing ceramic guide rails over 1.5 meters. The main reason is that the existing processing methods and equipment have the following limitations: Insufficient machining accuracy: Traditional machining methods, such as mechanical grinding and manual polishing, are difficult to achieve the high precision required for super-hard material guide rails. These methods usually rely on the experience and skills of the operator, resulting in unstable machining quality and efficiency.

[0003] Equipment limitations: Existing processing equipment often cannot provide sufficient rigidity and stability when processing ultra-hard materials, resulting in vibration during the processing and affecting the processing accuracy.

[0004] Difficulty in flatness control: For ceramic guide rails longer than 1.5 meters, existing processing equipment cannot achieve 1 micron flatness control. This is mainly because the existing processing methods cannot effectively control the grinding amount and dwell time, resulting in uneven errors on the surface of the processed guide rails.

[0005] Low tool change efficiency: The existing electric spindle tool change function usually relies on mechanical devices, and the tool change process is cumbersome and inefficient. This not only increases the processing time, but also reduces the degree of automation of the equipment.

[0006] Lack of real-time feedback and correction: During the machining process, there is a lack of real-time detection and correction methods for local error high points, resulting in uneven errors on the surface of the guide rail after machining, affecting the performance of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0007] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a super-hard material guide rail processing device to achieve ultra-precision processing with a flatness of 1 micron. The pneumatic tool changing system can quickly replace the tool within a few seconds, and can also detect and correct local error high points in real time to ensure that the surface of the guide rail after processing is uniform and consistent, thereby further improving the processing accuracy and surface quality.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a superhard material guide rail processing device, comprising: a bed; A workbench, arranged above the bed; A crossbeam, both ends of which are arranged on the workbench through columns; An X-axis linear motor module is arranged on the crossbeam; A Z-axis linear module, arranged on the X-axis linear motor module; A spindle box is arranged on the Z-axis linear module; An electric spindle is arranged in the spindle box, and a grinding tool or a polishing tool is installed on the electric spindle through a clamping mechanism; A Y-axis linear motor module is arranged on the workbench; A workpiece carrier plate is arranged above the Y-axis linear motor module, and a plurality of air floating feet are arranged around the workpiece carrier plate; A pneumatic tool changing system is arranged in the spindle box and is used to control the loosening and clamping of the clamping mechanism to achieve the replacement of the grinding tool or the polishing tool; The numerical control system is used to control the movement of the X-axis linear motor module, the Y-axis linear motor module and the Z-axis linear module, and to perform targeted correction on the local error high points by using difference compensation.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, an X-axis guide rail is also provided on the crossbeam for slidingly guiding the spindle box to move on the crossbeam.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the workbench is also provided with a first Y-axis guide rail and a second Y-axis guide rail, the second Y-axis guide rail is located on both sides of the first Y-axis guide rail, and the first Y-axis linear guide rail and the second Y-axis guide rail are used to slide and guide the movement of the workpiece carrier.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the X-axis guide rail and the first Y-axis guide rail are both hydrostatic guide rails.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the Z-axis linear module includes a translation table, a servo motor, a ball screw and a displacement adjustment plate, the ball screw is arranged on the translation table, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the ball screw, and the displacement adjustment plate is arranged on the ball screw.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, a Z-axis guide rail is provided on the translation platform for guiding the sliding of the spindle box.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are both linear guide rails.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spindle box is arranged on the displacement adjustment plate, and sliders adapted to the Z-axis guide rail are provided on both sides of the displacement adjustment plate.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, an anti-collision block is provided on the crossbeam.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of air floating feet are provided around the workpiece carrier.

[0018] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The super-hard material guide rail processing device described in the present invention ensures the movement of the spindle box and the workpiece carrier through the multi-axis linkage of the X-axis linear motor module, the Y-axis linear motor module and the Z-axis linear module, significantly improves the processing accuracy and surface quality, and can achieve ultra-precision processing with a flatness of 1 micron; the pneumatic tool changing system can complete the rapid replacement of the tool within a few seconds, significantly reducing the tool changing time and improving production efficiency. Compared with the traditional mechanical tool changing system, the pneumatic tool changing system is easy to operate and has a high degree of automation, which reduces manual intervention, and reduces the difficulty of operation and labor intensity; the CNC system has a difference compensation function, which can detect and correct local error high points in real time, ensure that the surface of the guide rail after processing is uniform and consistent, and further improve the processing accuracy and surface quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below according to specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a superhard material guide rail processing device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the spindle box and the electric spindle of the super-hard material guide rail processing device shown; Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings in the specification: 1. bed; 2. workbench; 3. crossbeam; 4. column; 5. X-axis linear motor module; 6. Z-axis linear module; 61. displacement table; 62. servo motor; 63. ball screw; 64. displacement adjustment plate; 65. Z-axis guide; 7. spindle box; 8. electric spindle; 9. Y-axis linear motor module; 10. workpiece carrier; 11. air floating foot; 21. first Y-axis guide; 22. second Y-axis guide; 31. X-axis guide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiment 1

[0020] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 and 2As shown, a superhard material guide rail processing device of the present invention includes a bed 1, a workbench 2 and a crossbeam 3, wherein the workbench 2 is arranged above the bed 1, and the two ends of the crossbeam 3 are arranged on the workbench 2 through columns 4, and an X-axis linear motor module 5 is arranged on the crossbeam 3, and a Z-axis linear module 6 is arranged on the X-axis linear motor module 5, and a spindle box 7 is arranged on the Z-axis linear module 6, and an electric spindle 8 is arranged in the spindle box 7, and a grinding tool or a polishing tool is installed on the electric spindle 8; the workbench 2 is provided with a Y-axis linear motor module 9, and a workpiece carrier 10 is arranged above the X-axis linear motor module 5, and a plurality of air floating feet 11 are arranged around the workpiece carrier 10. The air floating feet 11 realize contactless support through air film, reduce vibration, and improve the stability and processing accuracy of the workpiece carrier 10; A pneumatic tool changing system, arranged in the spindle box 7, is used to control the loosening and clamping of the clamping mechanism to achieve the replacement of the grinding tool or the polishing tool; The numerical control system is used to control the movement of the X-axis linear motor module 5, the Y-axis linear motor module 9 and the Z-axis linear module 6, and to perform targeted correction on the local error high points by using difference compensation.

[0022] The crossbeam 3 is also provided with an X-axis guide rail 31 for slidingly guiding the spindle box 7 to move on the crossbeam 3. The X-axis guide rail 31 ensures that the spindle box 7 moves on the crossbeam 3 more smoothly and accurately, reduces vibration, and improves machining accuracy.

[0023] The workbench 2 is also provided with a first Y-axis guide rail 21 and a second Y-axis guide rail 22, the second Y-axis guide rail 22 is located on both sides of the first Y-axis guide rail 21, and the first Y-axis linear guide rail 21 and the second Y-axis guide rail 22 are used to slide and guide the movement of the workpiece carrier 10. The double Y-axis guide rail design ensures that the movement of the workpiece carrier 10 on the workbench 2 is more stable and accurate, reduces deviation, and improves processing accuracy.

[0024] The X-axis guide rail 31 and the first Y-axis guide rail 21 are both hydrostatic guide rails. The hydrostatic guide rail achieves contactless support through a high-pressure oil film, significantly reduces friction, improves motion accuracy and stability, and is suitable for high-precision machining.

[0025] The Z-axis linear module 6 includes a translation platform 61, a servo motor 62, a ball screw 63 and a displacement adjustment plate 64, wherein the ball screw 63 is arranged on the translation platform 61, the output shaft of the servo motor 62 is connected to the ball screw 63, and the displacement adjustment plate 64 is arranged on the ball screw 63. Through the precise drive of the servo motor 62 and the ball screw 63, the displacement adjustment plate 64 realizes high-precision Z-axis movement, ensuring the vertical movement accuracy of the spindle box 7.

[0026] The translation platform 61 is provided with a Z-axis guide rail 65 for guiding the sliding of the spindle box 7. The Z-axis guide rail 65 ensures that the sliding of the spindle box 7 on the translation platform 61 is more stable and accurate, reduces vibration, and improves processing accuracy.

[0027] The second Y-axis guide rail 22 and the Z-axis guide rail 61 are both linear guide rails. The linear guide rails provide high-precision and high-rigidity support, ensuring that the movement of the workpiece carrier 10 and the spindle box 7 is more stable and accurate, and are suitable for heavy-load and high-precision processing.

[0028] The spindle box 7 is arranged on the displacement adjustment plate 64, and sliders adapted to the Z-axis guide rail 65 are arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment plate 64. The cooperation between the slider and the Z-axis guide rail 61 ensures the precise guidance of the spindle box in the Z-axis direction, reduces deviation, and improves machining accuracy.

[0029] An anti-collision block is provided on the cross beam 3. The anti-collision block can effectively prevent the spindle box 7 from colliding with the cross beam 3 or other components during movement, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment and the operator. Embodiment 2

[0030] Based on the structure of ultra-precision machining of super-hard material guide rails in the first embodiment, the present invention discloses an ultra-precision machining method of super-hard material guide rails, and the specific steps are as follows: S1, placing a superhard guide rail workpiece on a workpiece carrier plate 10 on a workbench 2; S2. Calibrate the zero points of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis to ensure the positioning accuracy of each axis; S3, the grinding tool is mounted on the clamping mechanism on the electric spindle 8, and the pneumatic tool changing system is used for rapid replacement and clamping; S4, inputting machining parameters into the CNC system, including cutting speed, feed speed, and cutting depth; S5, start the X-axis linear motor module 5 to drive the spindle box 7 to move on the beam 3 to approach the workpiece; S6, start the Z-axis linear module 6, drive the spindle box to move in the Z-axis direction, so that the tool contacts the workpiece surface; S7, rough machining, removing most of the excess to ensure the initial shape and size of the machined surface; S8, adjust cutting parameters, reduce cutting speed and feed speed, and improve machining accuracy; S9, finishing, ensuring the flatness and roughness of the machined surface meet the requirements; S10, the CNC system detects and corrects the local error high points in real time to ensure that the surface of the guide rail is uniform after processing; S11, using a pneumatic tool changing system to replace polishing tools and perform surface polishing; S12, processing is completed, and the processed guide rail is removed.

[0031] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from these are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A superhard material guide rail processing device, characterized in that: include: Bed; A workbench, arranged above the bed; A crossbeam, both ends of which are arranged on the workbench through columns; An X-axis linear motor module is arranged on the crossbeam; A Z-axis linear module, arranged on the X-axis linear motor module; A spindle box is arranged on the Z-axis linear module; An electric spindle is arranged in the spindle box, and a grinding tool or a polishing tool is installed on the electric spindle through a clamping mechanism; A Y-axis linear motor module is arranged on the workbench; A workpiece carrier plate is arranged above the Y-axis linear motor module, and a plurality of air floating feet are arranged around the workpiece carrier plate; A pneumatic tool changing system is arranged in the spindle box and is used to control the loosening and clamping of the clamping mechanism to achieve the replacement of the grinding tool or the polishing tool; The numerical control system is used to control the movement of the X-axis linear motor module, the Y-axis linear motor module and the Z-axis linear module, and to perform targeted correction on the local error high points by using difference compensation.

2. A superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbeam is also provided with an X-axis guide rail for slidingly guiding the spindle box to move on the crossbeam.

3. A superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workbench is also provided with a first Y-axis guide rail and a second Y-axis guide rail, wherein the second Y-axis guide rail is located on both sides of the first Y-axis guide rail, and the first Y-axis linear guide rail and the second Y-axis guide rail are used for slidingly guiding the movement of the workpiece carrier.

4. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The X-axis guide rail and the first Y-axis guide rail are both hydrostatic guide rails.

5. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Z-axis linear module includes a translation platform, a servo motor, a ball screw and a displacement adjustment plate. The ball screw is arranged on the translation platform, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the ball screw, and the displacement adjustment plate is arranged on the ball screw.

6. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The displacement platform is provided with a Z-axis guide rail for guiding the sliding of the spindle box.

7. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail are both linear guide rails.

8. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spindle box is arranged on the displacement adjustment plate, and sliding blocks adapted to the Z-axis guide rail are arranged on both sides of the displacement adjustment plate.

9. The superhard material guide rail processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-collision block is arranged on the crossbeam.

10. A method for machining a superhard guide rail according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Place the super-hard guide rail workpiece on the workpiece carrier on the workbench; S2. Calibrate the zero points of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis to ensure the positioning accuracy of each axis; S3. Install the grinding tool on the clamping mechanism on the electric spindle, and use the pneumatic tool changing system for quick replacement and clamping; S4, inputting machining parameters into the CNC system, including cutting speed, feed speed, and cutting depth; S5, start the X-axis linear motor module to drive the spindle box to move on the beam and approach the workpiece; S6, start the Z-axis linear module, drive the spindle box to move in the Z-axis direction, so that the tool contacts the workpiece surface; S7, rough machining, removing most of the excess to ensure the initial shape and size of the machined surface; S8, adjust cutting parameters, reduce cutting speed and feed speed, and improve machining accuracy; S9, finishing, ensuring the flatness and roughness of the machined surface meet the requirements; S10, the CNC system detects and corrects the local error high points in real time to ensure that the surface of the guide rail is uniform after processing; S11, using a pneumatic tool changing system to replace polishing tools and perform surface polishing; S12, processing is completed, and the processed guide rail is removed.

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