Multi-output quantum random number generation device and multi-output quantum random number generation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-path output quantum random number generation device and a multi-path output quantum random number generation method. The multi-path output quantum random number generation device comprises a laser light source, a cascade beam splitter module, a first zero-beat detector, a second zero-beat detector, a first signal processing module, a second signal processing module and a control module. According to the technical scheme, through optical path design, two paths of optical signals with the same randomness are obtained on the entropy source layer, quantum noise is obtained by detecting the two paths of optical signals respectively and converted into the same quantum random number, copying of electronic data is not needed in the whole process, the true randomness of two paths of entropy sources is reserved, and the quantum random number is obtained. And the risk that the data is stolen and tampered is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of quantum information, and specifically relates to a quantum random number generation device and a quantum random number generation method. Background Art

[0002] In network communication, multiple communication devices sometimes need to use two identical sets of random numbers to implement some application scenarios, and these two identical sets of random numbers should not be transmitted to two or more devices through duplicate data network transmission to ensure information security. For example, in a multi-factor authentication system, multiple devices may need to use the same random challenge or verification code to verify the identity of the user; in a distributed system, multiple nodes may need to use the same random data to determine data distribution, replication or fault recovery strategies; in online games, the random data of the client must be the same as the random number of the server to maintain the consistency of the game scenes in the server and client.

[0003] One existing technical solution is to call an existing library function on the server side to generate random numbers, such as using the srand function to set a random seed and using rand to generate random numbers; and then transmit the generated random numbers to the client through the network. However, the random numbers generated and transmitted by this method are all pseudo-random numbers, and the security is not good enough to deal with various network security vulnerabilities.

[0004] A quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a device that uses quantum mechanical effects to generate random numbers. The random numbers it generates are not only inherently random and secure, but also have been widely used in many fields due to the improvement of the bandwidth of the entropy source itself, the detection bandwidth of the processing circuit, and the efficiency. However, even if a quantum random number generator is used to generate two identical sets of random numbers, the random numbers generated along the way need to be copied through the backend and then sent to another terminal for use. In this way, the copied random numbers do not have the original true randomness, and the risk of data theft and tampering is increased. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a multi-channel output quantum random number generation device and a multi-channel output quantum random number generation method, and the specific scheme is as follows: The present application discloses a multi-channel output quantum random number generating device, comprising a laser light source, a cascade beam splitter module, a first zero-beat detector, a second zero-beat detector, a first signal processing module, a second signal processing module and a control module; The cascade beam splitter module includes a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, and a third beam splitter. The three beam splitters each include an input upper end, an input lower end, an output upper end, and an output lower end. The input upper end of the first beam splitter is connected to a laser light source, and the input lower end of the first beam splitter is left vacant; the input lower end of the second beam splitter is connected to the output upper end of the first beam splitter, and the input upper end of the third beam splitter is connected to the output lower end of the first beam splitter; Two input ends of the first zero-beat detector are respectively connected to the output upper end of the second beam splitter and the output upper end of the third beam splitter, and two input ends of the second zero-beat detector are respectively connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter and the output lower end of the third beam splitter; The first signal processing module is connected to the output end of the first zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the first zero-beat detector and convert it into a first original random number sequence. The second signal processing module is connected to the second zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the second zero-beat detector and convert it into a second original random number sequence. The control module is connected to the output ends of the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and is used for post-processing and sampling the first original random number sequence and extracting the second original random number sequence and outputting them respectively through two output ports. The control module is also connected to the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter, and is used for controlling the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to remain at 50:50.

[0006] Further, the first zero-beat detector includes a first photodetector, a third photodetector, a first current differentiator, and a first transimpedance amplifier. The input ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector serve as the two input ends of the first zero-beat detector. The output ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector are both connected to the first current differentiator. The output end of the first current differentiator is connected to the first transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the first transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the first zero-beat detector. The second zero-beat detector includes a second photodetector, a fourth photodetector, a second current differentiator, and a second transimpedance amplifier. The second photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter, the fourth photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the third beam splitter, the input ends of the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector serve as the two input ends of the second zero-beat detector, the output ends of the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector are both connected to the second current differentiator, the output end of the second current differentiator is connected to the second transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the second zero-beat detector.

[0007] Furthermore, the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all MZ interferometers and respectively include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator, and a third phase modulator. The first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator are all connected to a control module for controlling the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain a splitting ratio of 50:50 according to the adjustment of the control module.

[0008] Furthermore, the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter are integrally manufactured on the substrate through a monolithic integration process.

[0009] Furthermore, the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter both include a shading layer for shielding the ambient light interference and internal reflection of the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter.

[0010] Furthermore, the cascade beam splitter module is coupled to the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector through optical fiber, and the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the first zero-beat detector is different from the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the second zero-beat detector.

[0011] Further, the control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip and a current source; The post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and the control module performs post-processing on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence through the post-processing chip to obtain evenly distributed random numbers; the current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source as well as the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. The control module performs sampling, extraction and output of the random numbers obtained through the control chip, and controls the current source based on the current signals in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector to regulate the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator.

[0012] The present application also discloses a multi-channel output quantum random number generation method, which is applied to the multi-channel output quantum random number generation device, and the method comprises: The laser light source generates continuous laser light and inputs the continuous laser light into the cascade beam splitter module through the upper input end of the first beam splitter; The control module controls the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain a beam splitting ratio of 50:50; The first zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the upper output end of the second beam splitter and the upper output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a first voltage signal, and the second zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the lower output end of the second beam splitter and the lower output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a second voltage signal; The first signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the first voltage signal to obtain a first original random number sequence, and the second signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the second voltage signal to obtain a second original random number sequence; The control module performs post-processing and sampling on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence, extracts two groups of identical random numbers, and finally outputs them respectively through two output ports.

[0013] Further, the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all MZ interferometers and respectively include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator, and a third phase modulator, and the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator are all connected to the control module; the control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip, and a current source, the post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, the current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source as well as the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector; The method further comprises: The control module performs sampling, extraction and output of the random numbers obtained through post-processing through the control chip, and the control chip also controls the current source to regulate the first phase modulator based on the current signals in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. When the sum of the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector is not zero, the control chip regulates the first phase modulator through the current source until the sum of the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector is zero.

[0014] Furthermore, the multi-channel output quantum random number generation method also includes: The control chip collects two random numbers generated by the post-processing chip, respectively intercepts random number segments of the same length, and determines whether the two random number segments are consistent; When two random number segments are consistent, they are output from two output ports respectively; When the two random number segments are inconsistent, the output of the two random numbers is interrupted, and the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator are regulated by the current source until the two random number segments are consistent, and the output of the two random numbers is restored.

[0015] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The technical solution of the present application obtains two optical signals with the same randomness at the entropy source level through optical path design, and obtains quantum noise by respectively detecting the two optical signals and converting them into the same quantum random number. The entire process does not require the copying of electronic data, retains the true randomness of the two entropy sources, and reduces the risk of data theft and tampering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-output quantum random number generating device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a multi-output quantum random number generating device provided by another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cascade beam splitter module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber connection between the cascade beam splitter module and the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the composition of the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the composition and connection relationship of the control module in the embodiment of this application Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a multi-output quantum random number generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The multi-channel output quantum random number generation device and the multi-channel output quantum random number generation method implemented in the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] Specifically, the present application proposes a multi-channel output quantum random number generating device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a laser light source, a cascade beam splitter module, a first zero-beat detector, a second zero-beat detector, a first signal processing module, a second signal processing module and a control module.

[0022] The cascade beam splitter module includes a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, and a third beam splitter. The first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all 2x2 optical beam splitters, and each includes an input upper end, an input lower end, an output upper end, and an output lower end. The input upper end of the first beam splitter is connected to a laser light source to input intrinsic light, and the input lower end of the first beam splitter is vacant, that is, the input is in a vacuum state. The input lower end of the second beam splitter is connected to the output upper end of the first beam splitter, and the input upper end of the third beam splitter is connected to the output lower end of the first beam splitter. The output upper end and the output lower end of the second beam splitter and the output upper end and the output lower end of the third beam splitter constitute the four output ends of the cascade beam splitter module. The cascade beam splitter module is then connected to a first zero-beat detector and a second zero-beat detector.

[0023] The two input ends of the first zero-beat detector are connected to the output upper end of the second beam splitter and the output upper end of the third beam splitter, respectively. The two input ends of the second zero-beat detector are connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter and the output lower end of the third beam splitter, respectively. Figure 1 As shown, the second beam splitter, the third beam splitter and the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector are cross-connected.

[0024] The first signal processing module is connected to the output end of the first zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the first zero-beat detector and convert it into a first original random number sequence. The second signal processing module is connected to the second zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the second zero-beat detector and convert it into a second original random number sequence. Specifically, the signals output by the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector can be high and low levels, and the high level is set to 1 and the low level is set to 0. According to this rule, the high and low level sequences output by the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector are converted into the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence.

[0025] The control module is connected after the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module. Specifically, the control module is connected to the output ends of the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and is used to post-process and sample the first original random number sequence and extract the second original random number sequence and output them respectively from two output ports. The control module is also connected to the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter, and is used to control the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to be maintained at 50:50. Post-processing is to consider that the aforementioned process inevitably introduces some classical noise, and also considers that the original quantum noise generally cannot meet the characteristics of uniform distribution after being sampled, so it is necessary to perform an algorithm post-processing process (Post-Processing) on ​​the original random number sequence, compress the proportion of classical noise data therein, and optimize the final random number distribution. Mainstream post-processing algorithms include logical exclusive OR (XOR), truncation method (m-LSB), Toeplitz matrix algorithm, and Trevisan extraction algorithm. Among them, the Toeplitz matrix algorithm is a random number post-processing algorithm that is proven to be safe by information theory. This application preferably uses the Toeplitz matrix algorithm in the post-processing process. The sampling is to take into account that the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence may have some inconsistencies in random number segments due to abnormal circumstances. Therefore, before finally outputting the two sets of random numbers, the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence are sampled according to a certain field length and compared. If they are exactly the same, they are output normally. If they are inconsistent, they are discarded.

[0026] The control module is also connected to the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter, and is used to control the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to be maintained at 50:50. When the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence sampled are different, the beam splitting ratios of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are adjusted so that the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence return to the same result.

[0027] In other embodiments of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the first zero-beat detector includes a first photodetector, a third photodetector, a first current differentiator, and a first transimpedance amplifier. The first photodetector is connected to the output upper end of the second beam splitter, the third photodetector is connected to the output upper end of the third beam splitter, the input ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector serve as the two input ends of the first zero-beat detector, the output ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector are both connected to the first current differentiator, the output end of the first current differentiator is connected to the first transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the first transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the first zero-beat detector. The second zero-beat detector includes a second photodetector, a fourth photodetector, a second current differentiator, and a second transimpedance amplifier. The second photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter, the fourth photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the third beam splitter, the input ends of the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector serve as the two input ends of the second zero-beat detector, the output ends of the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector are both connected to the second current differentiator, the output end of the second current differentiator is connected to the second transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the second zero-beat detector.

[0028] The first current differentiator receives the photocurrent signals of the first photodetector and the third photodetector, and generates two photocurrent difference signals. The first photodetector and the third photodetector are connected in series. According to Kirchhoff's current law, the difference signals of the two photocurrents can be obtained. The obtained photocurrent difference signal contains both AC and DC components. The high-frequency AC component carries quantum noise information and can reflect the orthogonal amplitude or orthogonal phase information of the signal light. When the signal light is in a vacuum state, the orthogonal component of the vacuum state is reflected, and the DC component is used to detect the intensity of the incident light. Similarly, the second current differentiator receives the photocurrent signals of the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector, and generates two photocurrent difference signals.

[0029] The output end of the first current differentiator is connected to the first transimpedance amplifier, which is used to amplify the difference signal of the two photocurrents and convert it into a photovoltage signal. The photocurrent difference signal obtained by the photodiode conversion is very weak and requires an amplifier to amplify it. In addition to the transimpedance amplifier, an RF amplifier can also be used to achieve the amplification function. The RF amplifier has a broadband characteristic and can handle a wider frequency signal source, and can well meet the balanced zero-beat detector bandwidth characteristics. Similarly, the second transimpedance amplifier amplifies the difference signal of the two photocurrents of the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector and converts them into a photovoltage signal.

[0030] The first transimpedance amplifier and the second transimpedance amplifier are connected to a first signal processing module and a second signal processing module. The first signal processing module is connected to the first transimpedance amplifier, and is used to process the signal output by the first current differentiator into a first original random number sequence. The second signal processing module is connected to the second transimpedance amplifier, and is used to process the signal output by the second current differentiator into a second original random number sequence. The first signal processing module and the second signal processing module can generally be implemented by an FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip processes the photovoltage signal sequence to obtain an original random number sequence composed of 0 and 1.

[0031] In other embodiments of the present application, the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all MZ interferometers and include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator, and a third phase modulator, respectively. Figure 3 As shown. The first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator are all connected to the control module, which is used to control the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain the splitting ratio at 50:50 according to the adjustment of the control module. The MZ interferometer can be a fiber-type MZ interferometer, or it can be set as an on-chip MZ interferometer, that is, the MZ interferometer is constructed in the form of an on-chip waveguide and an on-chip coupler. The phase modulator of the on-chip MZ interferometer can adopt a thermo-optical phase modulator or an electro-optical phase modulator. The control electrode or control end of the phase modulator can be connected to the control module, so as to adjust the phase on the interference arm of the MZ interferometer based on the control signal of the control module, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain at 50:50. When the MZ interferometer is set as an on-chip MZ interferometer, the entire cascade beam splitter module can be integrated on the substrate through a monolithic integration process, that is, the entire cascade beam splitter module is an optical chip.

[0032] In other embodiments of the present application, the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter both include a light shielding layer for shielding the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter from ambient light interference and internal reflection. By providing the light shielding layer, the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter do not have any light signal input, and the photons reflected or scattered from the inside of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter back to their input ends will also be absorbed by the light shielding layer.

[0033] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber connection between the cascade beam splitter module and the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector in another embodiment of the present application. The cascade beam splitter module is coupled to the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector through an optical fiber, and the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the first zero-beat detector is different from the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the second zero-beat detector. Due to the difference in optical fiber length, the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector can be set at different spatial positions or geographical locations, so that it is possible to obtain the same random number at different locations. If the difference in optical fiber length is at the cm or m level, the same random number can be obtained on different devices. When the difference in optical fiber length is at the hundred meters or even kilometer level, the same random number can be obtained on devices at different locations. The time difference caused by the optical path difference can make up the time difference when extracting the random number output according to the transmission distance. In this way, the copying of electronic data in the traditional method and the transmission communication of the Internet are avoided, and the data is prevented from being stolen and tampered with.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present application, the first signal processing module includes a first filter and a first analog-to-digital converter, and the second signal processing module includes a second filter and a second analog-to-digital converter. The first filter and the second filter are used to filter out DC signals and classical noise, and the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter are used to convert analog signals into digital signals. Figure 5 As shown. Classical noise cannot be completely filtered out at this stage, and can be further removed through subsequent post-processing. When the difference in optical fiber length is at the cm or m level, the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector are set at the same location, and the first filter and the second filter can be integrated into the same device, or the first filter and the second filter can be integrated through a dual-channel filter. Similarly, the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter can be integrated through a dual-channel analog-to-digital converter.

[0035] In another embodiment provided in the present application, the control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip and a current source, such as Figure 6 As shown. The post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and the control module performs post-processing on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence through the post-processing chip, such as Toeplitz matrix algorithm post-processing, to obtain evenly distributed random numbers. The current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source and the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. The control module performs sampling, extraction, and output of the random numbers obtained through the control chip, and controls the current source based on the current signals of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector to regulate the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator.

[0036] Specifically, the control chip is connected to the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector, and based on the DC part of the photocurrent in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector, it is determined whether the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter is maintained at 50:50. When it is determined that the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter deviates from 50:50, the control chip sends an instruction to the current source, and the current source changes its input control current of the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator. The phases of the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator change, and their splitting ratios change accordingly until the beam splitting ratio returns to 50:50.

[0037] The present application also provides a multi-channel output quantum random number generation method, which is applied to the multi-channel output quantum random number generation device as described above. The method flow is as follows Figure 7 As shown, specifically including: The laser light source generates a continuous laser and inputs the laser into the cascade beam splitter module through the input upper end of the first beam splitter, that is, the intrinsic light is input into the first beam splitter; The control module controls the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to be maintained at 50:50. The beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter can be adjusted dynamically, that is, the control module monitors and adjusts in real time; or it can be turned on at a fixed time, such as every time the machine is turned on or powered on, or every certain period of time (such as every 1 second).

[0038] The first zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the upper output end of the second beam splitter and the upper output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a first voltage signal, and the second zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the lower output end of the second beam splitter and the lower output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a second voltage signal; The first signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the first voltage signal to obtain a first original random number sequence, and the second signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the second voltage signal to obtain a second original random number sequence; The control module performs post-processing, sampling and extraction on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence to obtain two groups of identical random numbers, which are finally outputted from two output ports respectively.

[0039] Post-processing is the process of performing algorithmic post-processing on the original random number sequence, compressing the proportion of classical noise data and optimizing the final random number distribution. The Toeplitz matrix algorithm is a random number post-processing algorithm that is proven to be safe by information theory. This application prefers the Toeplitz matrix algorithm in the post-processing process. Before the final output of two sets of random numbers, the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence are randomly checked according to a certain field length and compared. If they are exactly the same, they are output normally. If they are inconsistent, they are discarded.

[0040] In another embodiment of the multi-output quantum random number generation method provided by the present application, refer to Figure 2 As explained by the structure, the first photodetector, the second photodetector, the third photodetector, and the fourth photodetector detect the light intensity output by the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter and convert them into photocurrent, the first current differentiator performs differential processing on the photocurrent output by the first photodetector and the third photodetector to obtain a first differential current, the first transimpedance amplifier converts and amplifies the first differential current to obtain a first voltage signal, the second current differentiator performs differential processing on the photocurrent output by the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector to obtain a second differential current, and the second transimpedance amplifier converts and amplifies the second differential current to obtain a second voltage signal.

[0041] In another embodiment of the multi-output quantum random number generation method provided in the present application, reference is made to Figure 3 To explain with reference to the structure, the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter in the multi-output quantum random number generating device are all MZ interferometers and respectively include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator and a third phase modulator, and the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator are all connected to the control module; the control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip and a current source, the post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, the current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source as well as the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector.

[0042] The multi-channel output quantum random number generation method also includes: The control module performs sampling, extraction and output of the random numbers obtained by post-processing through the control chip. That is, the function of "sampling, extracting and outputting the random numbers obtained by post-processing" is completed by the control chip. In addition, the control chip controls the current source to regulate the first phase modulator based on the current signals in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. When the sum of the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector is not zero, the control chip regulates the first phase modulator through the current source until the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector add up to zero. The above operation is further explained by the formula below.

[0043] The DC part of the photocurrent of the first photodetector (such as a photodiode) is set to i1, and the DC part of the photocurrent of the second photodetector (such as a photodiode) is set to i3; the DC part of the photocurrent of the second photodetector (such as a photodiode) is set to i2, and the DC part of the photocurrent of the fourth photodetector (such as a photodiode) is set to i4. The DC part of the output signal of the first zero-beat detector is i1-i3, and the DC part of the output signal of the second zero-beat detector is i2-i4. The DC part of the output signal current of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the output signal current of the second zero-beat detector are added i1+i2-(i3+i4). When the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter is 50:50, i1+i2=i3+i4, so the sum of the DC parts of the two is zero. When the sum of the DC parts of the two is not zero, the control chip adjusts the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter through the current source so that i1+i2=i3+i4, that is, the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter is 50:50.

[0044] In another embodiment of the multi-output quantum random number generation method provided by the present application, the method further includes: The control chip collects two random numbers generated by the post-processing chip, respectively intercepts random number segments of the same length, and determines whether the two random number segments are consistent; When two random number segments are consistent, they are output from two output ports respectively; When the two random number segments are inconsistent, the output of the two random numbers is interrupted, and the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator are regulated by the current source until the two random number segments are consistent, and the output of the two random numbers is restored.

[0045] When the splitting ratio of the first beam splitter is 50:50, the reason why the two random number segments sampled by the control chip are inconsistent is that the splitting ratios of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter deviate from 50:50. At this time, the control chip regulates the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator through a current source to restore the splitting ratio of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter to 50:50.

[0046] In addition, the reason why the two random number segments sampled are inconsistent may also include the performance and detection efficiency of the photoelectric detector. In this case, the four photoelectric detectors can be connected through the control chip, and the detection efficiency of the photoelectric detector can be adjusted when the two random number segments sampled are inconsistent, so as to achieve the purpose of restoring the consistency of the two random number segments sampled.

[0047] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive, parallel, or progressive and parallel manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the above elements.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-output quantum random number generator, characterized in that: It includes a laser light source, a cascade beam splitter module, a first zero-beat detector, a second zero-beat detector, a first signal processing module, a second signal processing module and a control module; The cascade beam splitter module includes a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, and a third beam splitter. The three beam splitters each include an input upper end, an input lower end, an output upper end, and an output lower end. The input upper end of the first beam splitter is connected to a laser light source, and the input lower end of the first beam splitter is left vacant; the input lower end of the second beam splitter is connected to the output upper end of the first beam splitter, and the input upper end of the third beam splitter is connected to the output lower end of the first beam splitter; Two input ends of the first zero-beat detector are respectively connected to the output upper end of the second beam splitter and the output upper end of the third beam splitter, and two input ends of the second zero-beat detector are respectively connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter and the output lower end of the third beam splitter; The first signal processing module is connected to the output end of the first zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the first zero-beat detector and convert it into a first original random number sequence. The second signal processing module is connected to the second zero-beat detector, and is used to process the signal output by the second zero-beat detector and convert it into a second original random number sequence. The control module is connected to the output ends of the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and is used for post-processing and sampling the first original random number sequence and extracting the second original random number sequence and outputting them respectively through two output ports. The control module is also connected to the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter, and is used for controlling the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to remain at 50:

50.

2. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first zero-beat detector includes a first photodetector, a third photodetector, a first current differentiator, and a first transimpedance amplifier. The input ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector serve as the two input ends of the first zero-beat detector. The output ends of the first photodetector and the third photodetector are both connected to the first current differentiator. The output end of the first current differentiator is connected to the first transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the first transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the first zero-beat detector. The second zero-beat detector includes a second photodetector, a fourth photodetector, a second current differentiator, and a second transimpedance amplifier. The second photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the second beam splitter, the fourth photodetector is connected to the output lower end of the third beam splitter, the input ends of the second photodetector and the fourth photodetector serve as the two input ends of the second zero-beat detector, the output ends of the third photodetector and the fourth photodetector are both connected to the second current differentiator, the output end of the second current differentiator is connected to the second transimpedance amplifier, and the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier serves as the output end of the second zero-beat detector.

3. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all MZ interferometers and respectively include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator, and a third phase modulator. The first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator are all connected to a control module for controlling the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain a beam splitting ratio of 50:50 according to the adjustment of the control module.

4. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first beam splitter, the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter are integrally manufactured on a substrate through a monolithic integration process.

5. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter both include a shading layer for shielding the ambient light interference and internal reflection of the input upper end of the second beam splitter and the input lower end of the third beam splitter.

6. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cascade beam splitter module is coupled to the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector through optical fiber, and the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the first zero-beat detector is different from the optical fiber length between the cascade beam splitter module and the second zero-beat detector.

7. A multi-output quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip and a current source; The post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, and the control module performs post-processing on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence through the post-processing chip to obtain evenly distributed random numbers; the current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source as well as the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. The control module performs sampling, extraction and output of the random numbers obtained through the control chip, and controls the current source based on the current signals in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector to regulate the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator.

8. A multi-output quantum random number generation method, characterized in that: Applied to a multi-output quantum random number generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising: The laser light source generates continuous laser light and inputs the continuous laser light into the cascade beam splitter module through the upper input end of the first beam splitter; The control module controls the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter to maintain a beam splitting ratio of 50:50; The first zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the upper output end of the second beam splitter and the upper output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a first voltage signal, and the second zero-beat detector detects the light intensity output from the lower output end of the second beam splitter and the lower output end of the third beam splitter and processes and converts the light intensity into a second voltage signal; The first signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the first voltage signal to obtain a first original random number sequence, and the second signal processing module filters and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the second voltage signal to obtain a second original random number sequence; The control module performs post-processing and sampling on the first original random number sequence and the second original random number sequence, extracts two groups of identical random numbers, and finally outputs them respectively through two output ports.

9. A multi-output quantum random number generation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first beam splitter, the second beam splitter, and the third beam splitter are all MZ interferometers and respectively include a first phase modulator, a second phase modulator, and a third phase modulator, and the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator are all connected to a control module; the control module includes a post-processing chip, a control chip, and a current source, the post-processing chip is connected to the first signal processing module and the second signal processing module, the current source is simultaneously connected to the first phase modulator, the second phase modulator, and the third phase modulator, and the control chip is simultaneously connected to the post-processing chip and the current source as well as the output ends of the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector; The method further comprises: The control module performs sampling, extraction and output of the random numbers obtained through post-processing through the control chip, and the control chip also controls the current source to regulate the first phase modulator based on the current signals in the first zero-beat detector and the second zero-beat detector. When the sum of the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector is not zero, the control chip regulates the first phase modulator through the current source until the sum of the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the first zero-beat detector and the DC part of the signal current at the output end of the second zero-beat detector is zero.

10. A multi-output quantum random number generation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The control chip collects two random numbers generated by the post-processing chip, respectively intercepts random number segments of the same length, and determines whether the two random number segments are consistent; When two random number segments are consistent, they are output from two output ports respectively; When the two random number segments are inconsistent, the output of the two random numbers is interrupted, and the second phase modulator and the third phase modulator are regulated by the current source until the two random number segments are consistent, and the output of the two random numbers is restored.

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