Carbon dioxide trapping system and method based on fixed bed solid adsorption

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon dioxide trapping system and method based on fixed bed solid adsorption. The carbon dioxide trapping system comprises a fixed bed adsorption reaction device, a flue gas supply device, a flue gas discharge device and a carbon dioxide collection device, the fixed bed adsorption reaction device is provided with a reaction cavity, and the flue gas supply device, the flue gas discharge device and the carbon dioxide collection device are all communicated with the reaction cavity; a plurality of reaction areas are arranged in the reaction cavity, and each reaction area is filled with an adsorption material; gas mixing channels are arranged at the upper ends of the reaction areas, one end of each gas mixing channel is communicated with the output end of one reaction area, and the other end of each gas mixing channel is communicated with the input end of the other reaction area; the device further comprises a temperature control device, the temperature control device comprises heating assemblies arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the reaction areas, and the device has the advantages that the adsorption materials are prevented from being abraded or broken, the elutriation rate of the adsorption materials is reduced, and the adsorption effect of the adsorption materials on carbon dioxide in flue gas is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, utilization and storage, and particularly to a carbon dioxide capture system and a capture method based on fixed-bed solid adsorption. Background Art

[0002] The existing coal-fired power plants mainly capture carbon dioxide in flue gas based on the calcium-looping technology of carbonation and calcination cycles of calcium-based adsorbents to adsorb CO2. The main process of this technology is as follows:

[0003] In the carbonation reactor, a carbonation reaction occurs (i.e., GaO + CO2 → GaCO3) to achieve the absorption of carbon dioxide in the flue gas, so as to separate carbon dioxide from other gases in the flue gas. Then, calcium carbonate is transported through a pipeline to the calcination reactor, where a calcination reaction occurs (i.e., GaCO3 → GaO + CO2). The generated carbon dioxide is captured, and the generated calcium oxide is transferred to the carbonation reactor through a pipeline to achieve circulation.

[0004] However, in the above scheme, during the process of cyclic transportation and transfer of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide, they are prone to abrasion and breakage due to collision, especially calcium oxide (i.e., the adsorption material). When the abrasion degree of calcium oxide is relatively large, its elutriation rate will increase, which will further affect the adsorption effect of calcium oxide on carbon dioxide and the capture effect of carbon dioxide.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent for those skilled in the art to provide a carbon dioxide capture system and a capture method based on fixed-bed solid adsorption to avoid the abrasion or breakage of calcium oxide (i.e., the adsorption material) during the transfer process, reduce its elutriation rate, and enable it to fully absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and thus provide a carbon dioxide capture system and a capture method based on fixed-bed solid adsorption.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption includes a fixed-bed adsorption reaction device, a flue gas supply device, a flue gas discharge device, and a carbon dioxide collection device;

[0009] The fixed-bed adsorption reaction device has a reaction chamber, and the flue gas supply device, the flue gas discharge device, and the carbon dioxide collection device are all communicated with the reaction chamber;

[0010] The reaction chamber has a number of reaction zones, and each reaction zone is filled with an adsorption material;

[0011] A gas mixing channel is provided at the upper end of the reaction zone. One end of the gas mixing channel is communicated with the output end of one of the reaction zones, and the other end is communicated with the input end of the other reaction zone.

[0012] It further includes a temperature control device, and the temperature control device includes heating components provided corresponding to the reaction zones one by one.

[0013] Preferably, the filling height of the adsorption material is H1;

[0014] The value range of H1 satisfies: 0.7m ≤ H1 ≤ 1.2m.

[0015] Preferably, the height of the reaction chamber is H2, and H2 satisfies: 2m ≤ H2 ≤ 2.5m, or, 1.5 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 3.5.

[0016] Preferably, two adjacent reaction zones are separated by a partition;

[0017] Among two adjacent partitions, one is fixed to the upper end of the reaction chamber and forms a gap with the lower end of the reaction chamber, and the other is fixed to the lower end of the reaction chamber and forms a gap with the upper end of the reaction chamber;

[0018] The extension length H3 of the partition is greater than the filling height H1 of the adsorption material.

[0019] Preferably, the fixed bed adsorption reaction device further includes a flue gas input end and a flue gas output end;

[0020] The flue gas input end is connected to the lower end of the reaction chamber, and the flue gas output end is connected to the upper end of the reaction chamber;

[0021] The partition is provided in an even number so as to form an odd number of reaction zones in the reaction chamber.

[0022] Preferably, the heating component includes a plurality of heating rods, and the plurality of heating rods are arranged in a matrix;

[0023] The distance between two adjacent heating rods is S1, and S1 satisfies: 0.3m ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5m;

[0024] The minimum distance between the heating rod located on the outermost layer and the inner wall of the reaction chamber or the partition is S2, and S2 satisfies: 0.15m ≤ S2 ≤ 0.25m.

[0025] Preferably, the temperature control device further includes a controller;

[0026] The controller is electrically connected to the heating component to control the temperature of the reaction zone corresponding to the installed heating component;

[0027] Along the upward direction of the flue gas flow, the temperatures of several of the reaction zones gradually decrease in sequence.

[0028] Preferably, the temperature of the reaction zone communicated with the flue gas supply device ranges from 950 to 1000 °C;

[0029] The temperature of the reaction zone communicated with the flue gas discharge device ranges from 800 to 850 °C.

[0030] Preferably, at least three fixed bed adsorption reaction devices are connected in parallel, and at least one of the fixed bed adsorption reaction devices is in the adsorption state;

[0031] And / or,

[0032] The flue gas supply device includes a flue gas supply pipe, the carbon dioxide collection device includes a carbon dioxide collection pipe, and heat exchange is achieved between the flue gas supply pipe and the carbon dioxide collection pipe through a heat exchange device;

[0033] And / or,

[0034] It further includes an adsorption material loading device and an adsorption material discharging device. The adsorption material loading device is connected to the upper end of the fixed bed adsorption reaction device, and the adsorption material discharging device is connected to the lower end of the adsorption material discharging device.

[0035] A carbon dioxide capture method, applied to the above carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed bed solid adsorption, includes the following steps:

[0036] Let the flue gas pass through several reaction zones in sequence and then be discharged from the fixed bed adsorption reaction device, so as to use the adsorption material filled in the reaction zone to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas;

[0037] After mixing the flue gas passing through one of the reaction zones by using a gas mixing channel, supply it to the next reaction zone;

[0038] Control the temperature in the reaction chamber so that the fixed bed adsorption reaction device cyclically performs adsorption reaction and desorption reaction;

[0039] During the desorption reaction of the fixed bed adsorption reaction device, collect the carbon dioxide output by the fixed bed adsorption reaction device.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption provided by the present invention can control the reaction chamber to be in different temperature environments through the setting of a temperature control device, and then adjust the reaction conditions of the reaction chamber to realize the cyclic adsorption reaction and desorption reaction in the same fixed-bed adsorption reaction device. This can effectively reduce the wear and elutriation of the adsorption material during the cyclic use process, and effectively reduce the collision and breakage loss of the adsorption material and desorption material. At the same time, the reaction chamber is set as multiple reaction zones, and the reaction zones are connected by a gas mixing channel. On the one hand, it can enable the flue gas to pass through multiple reaction zones, so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas can be better adsorbed; on the other hand, it can mix the flue gas after one adsorption through the gas mixing channel, make the distribution of carbon dioxide and other components in the flue gas more uniform, and then transport it to the next reaction zone to increase the adsorption effect of carbon dioxide. Correspondingly, a carbon dioxide capture method provided by the present invention can avoid the wear or breakage of the adsorption material, reduce the elutriation rate of the adsorption material, and also increase its adsorption effect on carbon dioxide in the flue gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural view of one example provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device in

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic distribution diagram of the temperature control device of the present invention in the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device.

[0046] Figure 4 It is a schematic connection diagram of the adsorption material loading device and the adsorption material discharging device of the present invention with the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device.

[0047] Description of the reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Fixed bed adsorption reaction device; 10. Reaction chamber; 101. Reaction zone; 102. Gas mixing channel; 11. Flue gas input end; 12. Flue gas output end; 13. Carbon dioxide output end; 2. Flue gas supply device; 21. Flue gas supply pipe; 211. Main flue gas supply pipeline; 212. Branch flue gas supply pipeline; 22. Flue gas main valve; 23. Flue gas branch valve; 3. Flue gas discharge device; 31. Exhaust pipe; 32. Flue gas induced draft fan; 4. Carbon dioxide collection device; 41. Carbon dioxide collection pipe; 411. Carbon dioxide branch collection pipe; 412. Carbon dioxide main collection pipe; 42. Carbon dioxide branch valve; 43. Carbon dioxide induced draft fan; 44. Carbon dioxide cooling compressor; 45. Carbon dioxide storage tank; 5. Temperature control device; 51. Heating component; 511. Heating rod; 52. Controller; 6. Partition board; 7. Heat exchange device; 8. Adsorbent filling device; 81. Adsorbent storage tank; 82. Adsorbent feeder; 83. Adsorbent discharge port; 9. Adsorbent discharge device; 91. Adsorbent hopper; 92. Adsorbent transfer pump; 93. Air compressor; 94. Compressed air storage tank; 95. Deactivated material storage tank. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0052] SeeFigures 1 to 4 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption, including a fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1, a flue gas supply device 2, a flue gas discharge device 3, and a carbon dioxide collection device 4. Among them, the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 has a reaction chamber 10, and the flue gas supply device 2, the flue gas discharge device 3, and the carbon dioxide collection device 4 are all communicated with the reaction chamber 10; there are several reaction zones 101 in the reaction chamber 10, and each reaction zone 101 is filled with an adsorption material; a gas mixing channel 102 is arranged at the upper end of the reaction zone 101, one end of the gas mixing channel 102 is communicated with the output end of one reaction zone 101, and the other end is communicated with the input end of another reaction zone 101; it also includes a temperature control device 5, and the temperature control device 5 includes a heating component 51 arranged corresponding to each reaction zone 101.

[0053] It is not difficult to understand that, through the above solution, the setting of the temperature control device 5 can control the reaction chamber 10 to be in different temperature environments, and then the reaction conditions of the reaction chamber 10 can be adjusted to realize the cyclic adsorption reaction and desorption reaction in the same fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1, which can effectively reduce the wear and elutriation of the adsorption material during the cyclic use process, and effectively reduce the collision and breakage loss of the adsorption material and the desorption material. At the same time, the reaction chamber 10 is set as multiple reaction zones 101, and the reaction zones 101 are connected by a gas mixing channel 102. On the one hand, it can enable the flue gas to pass through multiple reaction zones 101, so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas can be better adsorbed; on the other hand, it can mix the flue gas after one adsorption through the gas mixing channel 102, so that the carbon dioxide and other components in the flue gas are mixed evenly and then transported to the next reaction zone 101 to increase the adsorption effect of carbon dioxide.

[0054] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in order to avoid the rupture of the adsorption material and increase the adsorption effect and service life of the adsorption material, in this embodiment, the filling height of the adsorption material is H1, and H1 can be set to 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m, 1m, 1.1m or 1.2m. It is not difficult to understand that the value range of H1 satisfies: 0.7m ≤ H1 ≤ 1.2m is acceptable.

[0055] Furthermore, the height of the reaction chamber 10 is H2, and H2 can be 2 mm, 2.2 m, 2.3 m, 2.4 m, or 2.5 m. It is not difficult to understand that H2 satisfies: 2 m ≤ H2 ≤ 2.5 m. Of course, in other embodiments, the height of the reaction chamber 10, H2, and the filling height of the adsorbent material, H1, can also be maintained within a reasonable ratio range, which can not only meet the adsorption effect of the adsorbent material on carbon dioxide in the flue gas but also enable the gas mixing channel 102 to have sufficient space to make the flue gas mixing more uniform. Specifically, the value of H2 / H1 can be 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, or 3.5. Of course, it can be satisfied when 1.5 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 3.5.

[0056] It is worth noting that in order to determine the preferred range of the filling height H1 of the adsorbent material, relevant experiments were also carried out. The specific experimental data and results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0057] Table 1 (under the same inlet flue gas parameters)

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] See Figures 1 to 4 , in order to increase the adsorption effect on carbon dioxide in the flue gas and ensure the stability of the filling of the adsorbent material, in this embodiment, two adjacent reaction zones 101 are separated by a partition plate 6; among two adjacent partition plates 6, one is fixed to the upper end of the reaction chamber 10 and forms a gap with the lower end of the reaction chamber 10, and the other is fixed to the lower end of the reaction chamber 10 and forms a gap with the upper end of the reaction chamber 10; the extension length H3 of the partition plate 6 is greater than the filling height H1 of the adsorbent material.

[0061] Furthermore, the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 further includes a flue gas input end 11 and a flue gas output end 12; the flue gas input end 11 is connected to the lower end of the reaction chamber 10, and the flue gas output end 12 is connected to the upper end of the reaction chamber 10; the partition plate 6 is arranged in an even number to form an odd number of reaction zones 101 in the reaction chamber 10.

[0062] It is not difficult to understand that through the above solution, the flue gas can be input from the flue gas input end 11 connected to the lower end of the reaction chamber 10, pass through multiple reaction zones 101 in sequence, and then be output from the flue gas output end 12 connected to the upper end of the reaction chamber 10, extending the length of the running path of the flue gas and increasing the adsorption effect of the adsorbent material on carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0063] See Figures 1 to 3, in order to make the adsorbent material filled in the reaction zone 101 heat more evenly and increase its adsorption efficiency for carbon dioxide in the flue gas, the heating assembly 51 includes a number of heating rods 511, and the number of heating rods 511 is arranged in a matrix.

[0064] Specifically, the distance between two adjacent heating rods 511 is S1, and S1 can be set to 0.3m, 0.4m or 0.5m. Of course, it is sufficient that 0.3m ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5m.

[0065] Furthermore, the minimum distance between the heating rod 511 located in the outermost layer and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 10 or the partition 6 is S2, and S2 can be set to 0.15m, 0.2m or 0.25m. Of course, it is sufficient that 0.15m ≤ S2 ≤ 0.25m.

[0066] Specifically, when 0.15m ≤ S2 ≤ 0.25m and the temperature of the heating rod 511 is set to 1000 °C, desorption of more than 90% of CO2 can be achieved within 25 minutes; when S2 < 0.15m and the temperature of the heating rod 511 is set to 1000 °C, desorption of more than 90% of CO2 can be achieved within 25 minutes, but the number of heating rods and the increase in power consumption are relatively large; when S2 > 0.25m and the heating rod temperature is set to 1000 °C, the desorption efficiency of CO2 less than 90% can be achieved within 25 minutes.

[0067] Since the adsorbent material filled in the reaction zone 101 closer to the flue gas input end 11 absorbs more carbon dioxide, in order to better desorb the carbon dioxide in different reaction zones 101, in this embodiment, the temperature control device 5 further includes a controller 52; the controller 52 is electrically connected to the heating assembly 51 to control the temperature of the reaction zone 101 corresponding to the installation of the heating assembly 51; along the flue gas flow direction, the temperatures of a number of reaction zones 101 decrease in sequence.

[0068] Furthermore, the temperature range of the reaction zone 101 communicated with the flue gas supply device 2 is: 950 - 1000 °C; the temperature range of the reaction zone 101 communicated with the flue gas discharge device 3 is: 800 - 850 °C.

[0069] Even further, the fixed bed adsorption reaction device 1 further includes a carbon dioxide output end 13, the carbon dioxide output end 13 is connected to the carbon dioxide collection device 4, and the carbon dioxide output end 13 is used to output the carbon dioxide formed by the calcination reaction.

[0070] See Figures 1 to 4, in order to enable the system to operate continuously and avoid affecting its adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide in flue gas due to the switching between the adsorption reaction and the desorption reaction of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1, in this embodiment, a plurality of fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 are connected in parallel, and at least one fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 is in the adsorption state.

[0071] Also, since the adsorption reaction is usually faster than the desorption reaction, in order to avoid affecting the adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide in the flue gas by adsorption, in this embodiment, three fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 are connected in parallel. Of course, in other embodiments, four, five or more fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 can also be connected in parallel.

[0072] Take Figure 1 the three fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 (1A, 1B and 1C) connected in parallel as an example for illustration. Assume that the first fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 (1A) undergoes an adsorption reaction with a reaction time of 4 h, then the second fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 (1B) undergoes a desorption reaction with a reaction time of 6 h, and the third fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 (1C) is used as a standby. When the adsorption reaction of the first fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 (1A) ends and switches to a desorption reaction, the third fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 (1C) is made to undergo an adsorption reaction, and so on in a cycle, so that the three fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 (1A, 1B and 1C) connected in parallel have a time difference, and the adsorption reaction and the desorption reaction are carried out in a cycle, and at least one of the three fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 connected in parallel is in the adsorption reaction state.

[0073] Refer to Figure 1 , the flue gas supply device 2 includes a flue gas supply pipe 21, and the carbon dioxide collection device 4 includes a carbon dioxide collection pipe 41. The flue gas supply pipe 21 and the carbon dioxide collection pipe 41 perform heat exchange through the heat exchange device 7, and thus the heat of the carbon dioxide generated by the calcination reaction can be used to preheat the flue gas, the effective utilization of the heat in the carbon dioxide can be realized, and thus the energy consumption of the whole system can be reduced.

[0074] Specifically, the flue gas supply pipe 21 includes a main flue gas supply pipeline 211 and a branch flue gas supply pipeline 212. The branch flue gas supply pipeline 212 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1, and the main flue gas supply pipeline 211 transports the flue gas to the corresponding fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 through the branch flue gas supply pipeline 212.

[0075] Furthermore, the flue gas supply device 2 further includes a main flue gas valve 22 and a branch flue gas valve 23. The main flue gas valve 22 is arranged on the main flue gas supply pipeline 211, and the branch flue gas valve 23 is arranged on the branch flue gas supply pipeline 212, and thus the flue gas entering different fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices 1 can be controlled.

[0076] Refer toFigure 1 The carbon dioxide collection pipe 41 includes a carbon dioxide branch collection pipe 411 and a carbon dioxide main collection pipe 412 that are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1. The carbon dioxide collection device 4 further includes a carbon dioxide branch pipe valve 42, a carbon dioxide induced draft fan 43, a carbon dioxide cooling compressor 44, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 45. Among them, the carbon dioxide branch pipe valve 42 is arranged on the carbon dioxide branch collection pipe 411, and the carbon dioxide induced draft fan 43, the carbon dioxide cooling compressor 44, and the carbon dioxide storage tank 45 are sequentially arranged on the carbon dioxide main collection pipe 412.

[0077] See Figure 1 The flue gas discharge device 3 includes a smoke exhaust pipe 31 and a flue gas induced draft fan 32. The input end of the flue gas induced draft fan 32 is connected to the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 through the smoke exhaust pipe 31, and the output end of the flue gas induced draft fan 32 is connected to the inlet of the economizer of the power plant through the smoke exhaust pipe 31, which can effectively utilize the heat in the discharged flue gas, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of carbon dioxide capture.

[0078] See Figure 1 and Figure 4 In order to realize the supply and replacement of the adsorption material, the system further includes an adsorption material filling device 8 and an adsorption material discharging device 9.

[0079] Specifically, the adsorption material filling device 8 is connected to the upper end of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1. The adsorption material filling device 8 includes an adsorption material storage tank 81, an adsorption material feeder 82, and an adsorption material discharging port 83. Among them, the adsorption material discharging port 83 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the reaction zone 101.

[0080] It is not difficult to understand that the adsorption material feeder 82 is used to transfer the new adsorption material stored in the adsorption material storage tank 81 to the adsorption material discharging port 83, and then supply it into the reaction zone 101 corresponding to the lower end of the adsorption material discharging port 83.

[0081] Specifically, the adsorption material discharging device 9 is connected to the lower end of the adsorption material discharging device 9. The adsorption material discharging device 9 includes an adsorption material hopper 91, an adsorption material transfer pump 92, an air compressor 93, a compressed air storage tank 94, and a deactivated material storage tank 95, and can transfer the deactivated adsorption material in the reaction chamber 10 to the deactivated material storage tank 95.

[0082] The present invention also provides a carbon dioxide capture method, which is applied to the above carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption, and includes the following steps:

[0083] The flue gas is passed through a plurality of reaction zones 101 in sequence and then discharged from the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device 1 to use the adsorption material filled in the reaction zone 101 to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas;

[0084] After the flue gas passing through one of the reaction zones 101 is mixed using the gas mixing channel 102, it is then supplied to the next reaction zone 101;

[0085] Control the temperature inside the reaction chamber 10 to enable the fixed bed adsorption reaction device 1 to cycle through the adsorption reaction and the desorption reaction;

[0086] During the desorption reaction of the fixed bed adsorption reaction device 1, collect the carbon dioxide output by the fixed bed adsorption reaction device 1.

[0087] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption, characterized in that, It includes a fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1), a flue gas supply device (2), a flue gas discharge device (3), and a carbon dioxide collection device (4); The fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1) has a reaction chamber (10), and the flue gas supply device (2), the flue gas discharge device (3), and the carbon dioxide collection device (4) are all communicated with the reaction chamber (10); There are several reaction zones (101) in the reaction chamber (10), and each reaction zone (101) is filled with an adsorption material; A gas mixing channel (102) is arranged at the upper end of the reaction zone (101), one end of the gas mixing channel (102) is communicated with the output end of one reaction zone (101), and the other end is communicated with the input end of another reaction zone; It further includes a temperature control device (5), and the temperature control device (5) includes a heating component (51) arranged corresponding to the reaction zone (101) one by one.

2. The carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed bed solid adsorption according to claim 1, characterized in that The filling height of the adsorption material is H1; The value range of H1 satisfies: 0.7m ≤ H1 ≤ 1.2m.

3. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height of the reaction chamber (10) is H2, and H2 satisfies: 2m ≤ H2 ≤ 2.5m, or, 1.5 ≤ H2 / H1 ≤ 3.

5.

4. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Adjacent two reaction zones (101) are separated by a partition plate (6); Among adjacent two partition plates (6), one is fixed to the upper end of the reaction chamber (10) and forms a gap with the lower end of the reaction chamber (10), and the other is fixed to the lower end of the reaction chamber (10) and forms a gap with the upper end of the reaction chamber (10); The extending length H3 of the partition plate (6) is greater than the filling height H1 of the adsorption material.

5. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1) further includes a flue gas input end (11) and a flue gas output end (12); The flue gas input end (11) is connected to the lower end of the reaction chamber (10), and the flue gas output end (12) is connected to the upper end of the reaction chamber (10); The partition plate (6) is arranged in an even number to form an odd number of reaction zones (101) in the reaction chamber (10).

6. The carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to claim 4, wherein, The heating component (51) includes several heating rods (511), and several heating rods (511) are arranged in a matrix manner; The distance between adjacent two heating rods (511) is S1, and S1 satisfies: 0.3m ≤ S1 ≤ 0.5m; The minimum distance between the heating rod (511) located in the outermost layer and the inner wall of the reaction chamber (10) or the partition plate (6) is S2, and S2 satisfies: 0.15m ≤ S2 ≤ 0.25m.

7. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to claim 1, wherein The temperature control device (5) further includes a controller (52); The controller (52) is electrically connected to the heating component (51) to control the temperature of the reaction zone (101) corresponding to the installation of the heating component (51); Along the upward flow direction of the flue gas, the temperatures of several reaction zones (101) decrease in sequence.

8. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to claim 7, characterized in that, The value range of the temperature of the reaction zone (101) communicated with the flue gas supply device (2) is: 950 - 1000°C; The value range of the temperature of the reaction zone (101) communicated with the flue gas discharge device (3) is: 800 - 850°C.

9. A carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed bed solid adsorption according to claim 1, wherein The fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1) has at least three in parallel, and at least one of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction devices (1) is in the adsorption state; and / or, The flue gas supply device (2) includes a flue gas supply pipe (21), and the carbon dioxide collection device (4) includes a carbon dioxide collection pipe (41). Heat exchange is achieved between the flue gas supply pipe (21) and the carbon dioxide collection pipe (41) through a heat exchange device (7); and / or, It further includes an adsorbent loading device (8) and an adsorbent discharging device (9). The adsorbent loading device (8) is connected to the upper end of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1), and the adsorbent discharging device (9) is connected to the lower end of the adsorbent discharging device (9).

10. A carbon dioxide capture method, characterized in that, Applied to a carbon dioxide capture system based on fixed-bed solid adsorption according to any one of the above claims 1-9, it includes the following steps: Let the flue gas pass through a number of reaction zones (101) in sequence and then be discharged from the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1) to use the adsorbent filled in the reaction zones (101) to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; After mixing the flue gas passing through one of the reaction zones (101) using the gas mixing channel (102), supply it to the next reaction zone (101); Control the temperature in the reaction chamber (10) so that the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1) cycles through the adsorption reaction and the desorption reaction; During the desorption reaction of the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1), collect the carbon dioxide output by the fixed-bed adsorption reaction device (1).

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