Micro-blade-groove cutter for water jet assisted laser machining and machining method of micro-blade-groove cutter

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-blade groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining and a machining method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal cutting tools. Micro blade grooves distributed along a main cutting blade array are formed in the rear blade face of the PCD blade through water jet assisted laser, and micro blades in the micro blade grooves and the main cutting blade are in the same direction and are parallel. The thickness of the micro-blade is small, and the precision and sharpness of the micro-blade structure are effectively improved. The micro cutting edge can perform secondary cutting on granular cuttings between the rear tool face and the processed surface and the processed surface, so that the precision of the processed surface is ensured while the abrasive wear of the rear tool face is reduced. The machined micro-blade groove has good hydrophilicity, a trace amount of water-based cutting fluid is convenient to store, the micro-blade groove structure is combined with an ultrasonic vibration energy field for assistance, the situation that chip powder blocks a micro structure in the dry cutting process can be effectively avoided, and the problem that in the long-time cutting process, a dynamic oil film is difficult to enter the position between a rear tool face and a machined surface and the micro-groove, and the service life of the micro-blade groove is prolonged is solved. The service life of the cutter and the machining quality of parts are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal cutting tools, and particularly relates to a micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining and a machining method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Machining, including turning, milling and drilling, plays an irreplaceable role in the manufacturing of key components of high-end equipment such as aerospace and electronic information due to its advantages of high efficiency, high surface quality and high flexibility. However, in the machining of materials such as single crystal silicon, aluminum nitride ceramics, powder metallurgy superalloys, metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites, due to the high hardness and brittleness of the materials and the fact that the chips are usually in powder and granular form, and it is difficult for the cutting fluid to enter between the flank face and the machined surface, it is extremely easy to cause serious abrasive wear and adhesive wear on the flank face of the tool, resulting in low tool life and high machining cost, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality, high-efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. Based on this, many researchers have used energy field assistance to improve the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of materials such as single crystal silicon, aluminum nitride ceramics, powder metallurgy superalloys, metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites. However, abrasive wear and adhesive wear on the flank face of the tool are still one of the challenges for long-life machining of single crystal silicon, aluminum nitride ceramics, powder metallurgy superalloys, metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites with tools.

[0003] Therefore, how to introduce cutting fluid on the flank face, reduce abrasive wear and adhesive wear on the flank face of the tool, and still maintain high-precision machining in the case of tool cutting edge wear is the current research focus. However, the existing tool structures are difficult to meet the above three points at the same time. There is an urgent need for an efficient metal cutting tool with low wear machining characteristics and a machining method thereof to improve the precision and efficiency of machining key components of high-end equipment and reduce the machining cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining and a machining method thereof to solve the technical problems of easy wear and short service life of the tools used for machining single crystal silicon, aluminum nitride ceramics, powder metallurgy superalloys, metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites.

[0005] A micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining includes a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) blade and a tool substrate, and the PCD blade is fixedly connected to the tool substrate; micro-edge grooves are arranged on the flank face of the PCD blade in an array along its main cutting edge; the micro-edge grooves are composed of micro-edges parallel to and in the same direction as the main cutting edge, micro-grooves at the bottom, and smooth curves connected by arc transition regions; water-based or oil-based cutting fluid is added to the micro-grooves before machining to reduce the cutting temperature during machining and the wear of the PCD blade.

[0006] The distance a between the first row of the micro-edge grooves and the main cutting edge is 30 μm to 60 μm. The groove length c, groove width d, and groove depth h of the micro-edge grooves are 70 μm to 150 μm, 20 μm to 80 μm, and 50 μm to 80 μm respectively. The lateral pitch b and longitudinal pitch e of the array of micro-edge grooves are 40 μm to 60 μm and 20 μm to 70 μm respectively.

[0007] A processing method for a micro-edge groove tool in water jet assisted laser processing. To process the micro-edge groove tool, the following steps are included and are carried out sequentially:

[0008] Step 1: Install the pre-processed tool on the stage of the water jet assisted laser processing device for tool setting. In the water jet assisted laser processing device, the water jet is emitted by a hydraulic device and ejected through a water jet nozzle, and the laser is emitted by a pulsed laser and focused through a reflecting mirror and a focusing lens.

[0009] By adjusting the reflecting mirror, focusing lens, and water jet nozzle of the water jet assisted laser processing device, the laser and the water jet are focused on the flank of the PCD blade. At the same time, adjust the angle α between the laser processing incident angle and the flank to be 25° to 55°, and the angle β between the water jet and the laser to be 115° to 145°.

[0010] Step 2: Set the laser and water jet processing parameters, where the laser scanning direction is parallel to the main cutting edge, and the water jet follows the laser.

[0011] Step 3: When starting the machining program, first turn on the water jet, then turn on the laser, and machine the micro-edge grooves according to the dimensions of the micro-edge grooves in the design drawing.

[0012] Step 4: Polish the machined micro-edge groove tool to remove the recast layer, ensure that the roughness of the flank meets the finish machining requirements, and finally ultrasonic clean it in a mixed solution of acetone and absolute ethanol for 10 min to 20 min.

[0013] Step 5: If the micro-edge groove tool is used for machining with oil-based cutting fluid cooling, then perform fluorination treatment on the micro-edge groove tool to enhance its lipophilic property and facilitate the storage of oil-based cutting fluid in the micro-edge grooves.

[0014] If the micro-edge groove tool is used for machining with water-based cutting fluid cooling, then no fluorination treatment is required.

[0015] The specific machining parameters in Step 2 are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064 nm, the power is 20 W, the pulse frequency is 20 Hz, the scanning speed is 5 m / s, and the water jet pressure is 100 bar.

[0016] Through the above design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The micro-edge groove structure is formed by using water jet-assisted laser to machine the flank face of the tool. The thickness of the micro-edge formed is small, effectively improving the accuracy and sharpness of the micro-edge structure.

[0018] 2. The machined micro-edge groove has good hydrophilicity, which is convenient for storing a small amount of water-based cutting fluid. In addition, if oil affinity is required, the tool can be treated with fluorination, etc., to facilitate the storage of a small amount of oil-based cutting fluid in the micro-edge groove, reducing the cutting temperature and tool wear.

[0019] 3. The micro-edges formed by the micro-edge groove structure can perform secondary cutting on the granular chips between the flank face and the machined surface and the machined surface, reducing abrasive wear on the flank face while ensuring the accuracy of the machined surface.

[0020] 4. The array of micro-edge groove structures and the oil film formed by the cutting fluid in the micro-grooves can reduce the friction coefficient between the flank face and the machined surface, inhibiting chip adhesion on the flank face.

[0021] 5. By using the micro-edge groove structure on the flank face of the tool in combination with the ultrasonic vibration energy field assistance, the situation of chip powder clogging the micro-structure during dry cutting can be effectively avoided, and it also improves the difficulty that the dynamic oil film is difficult to enter between the flank face and the machined surface and into the micro-grooves during long-term cutting, further improving the tool service life and the machining quality of parts.

[0022] 6. The tool with the micro-edge groove structure is simple in design and convenient to machine, can be applied under multiple working conditions, is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, has low cost, and greatly improves the machining efficiency of key parts of high-end equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the micro-edge groove tool in a water jet-assisted laser machining micro-edge groove tool and its machining method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in

[0026] Figure 3 is Figure 2 an enlarged view of part B in

[0027] Figure 4 is a machining schematic diagram of the water jet-assisted laser machining device in a water jet-assisted laser machining micro-edge groove tool and its machining method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a machining schematic diagram of the water jet-assisted laser machining device in a water jet-assisted laser machining micro-edge groove tool and its machining method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the array arrangement dimensions of the micro-edge grooves in a water jet assisted laser processing micro-edge groove tool and its processing method according to the present invention.

[0030] In the figure, 1 is a PCD blade, 2 is a tool substrate, 3 is a micro-edge groove, 4 is an arc transition zone, 5 is a micro-groove, 6 is a micro-edge, 7 is a reflector, 8 is a focusing lens, and 9 is a water jet nozzle. Specific embodiments

[0031] As shown in the figure, a water jet assisted laser processing micro-edge groove tool includes a PCD blade 1 and a tool substrate 2, and the PCD blade 1 is fixedly connected to the tool substrate 2; the feature is that: micro-edge grooves 3 are provided on the flank of the PCD blade 1 and are arrayed along its main cutting edge; the micro-edge groove 3 is composed of a micro-edge 6 parallel to and in the same direction as the main cutting edge, a micro-groove 5 at the bottom, and a smooth curve connected by an arc transition zone 4. The distance a between the first row of the micro-edge groove 3 and the main cutting edge is 30 μm to 60 μm, and the groove length c, groove width d, and groove depth h of the micro-edge groove 3 are 70 μm to 150 μm, 20 μm to 80 μm, and 50 μm to 80 μm respectively. The lateral pitch b and longitudinal pitch e of the array of micro-edge grooves 3 are 40 μm to 60 μm and 20 μm to 70 μm respectively.

[0032] Preferably, the distance a between the first row of the micro-edge groove 3 and the main cutting edge is 35 μm, the groove length c, groove width d, and groove depth h of the micro-edge groove 3 are 80 μm, 20 μm, and 50 μm respectively, and the lateral pitch b and longitudinal pitch e of the array of micro-edge grooves 3 are 50 μm and 60 μm respectively.

[0033] An oil-based cutting fluid is added to the micro-groove 5 before processing to reduce the cutting temperature during processing and the wear of the PCD blade 1. When the micro-edge groove tool is used for cooling processing with an oil-based cutting fluid, the micro-edge groove tool is fluorinated to enhance its lipophilic property, facilitating the storage of the oil-based cutting fluid in the micro-edge groove 3;

[0034] A processing method for a water jet assisted laser processing micro-edge groove tool, for processing the micro-edge groove tool, includes the following steps, and the following steps are carried out sequentially:

[0035] Step 1: Install the pre-processed tool on the stage of the water jet assisted laser processing device for tool setting. In the water jet assisted laser processing device, the water jet is emitted by a hydraulic device and ejected through the water jet nozzle 9, and the laser is emitted by a pulsed laser and focused through the reflector 7 and the focusing lens 8;

[0036] By adjusting the reflector 7, focusing lens 8 and water jet nozzle 9 of the water jet assisted laser processing device, the laser and the water jet are focused on the flank of the PCD blade 1. At the same time, the included angle α between the laser processing incident angle and the flank is adjusted to be 25° to 55°, and the included angle β between the water jet and the laser is 115° to 145°. Preferably, α is 45° and β is 135°.

[0037] Step 2: Set the laser and water jet processing parameters: the laser wavelength is 1064 nm, the power is 20 W, the pulse frequency is 20 Hz, the scanning speed is 5 m / s, and the water jet pressure is 100 bar. Among them, the laser scanning direction is parallel to the main cutting edge, and the water jet follows the laser.

[0038] Step 3: When starting the processing program, first turn on the water jet, then turn on the laser, and machine the micro-edge groove 3 according to the size of the micro-edge groove 3 in the design drawing.

[0039] Step 4: Polish the processed micro-edge groove tool to remove the recast layer, ensure that the roughness of the flank meets the finish machining requirements, and finally ultrasonically clean it in a mixed solution of acetone and absolute ethanol for 10 min to 20 min.

[0040] Step 5: If the micro-edge groove tool is used for oil-based cutting fluid cooling machining, the micro-edge groove tool is fluorinated to enhance its lipophilic property and facilitate the storage of oil-based cutting fluid in the micro-edge groove 3.

[0041] If the micro-edge groove tool is used for water-based cutting fluid cooling machining, no fluorination treatment is required.

[0042] The usage method of the micro-edge groove tool is as follows:

[0043] Usage method 1: Install the micro-edge groove tool on the ultrasonic lathe tool holder. The ultrasonic lathe tool holder can apply high-frequency ultrasonic vibration along the cutting speed direction on the flank of the PCD blade 1. At the same time, during the machining process, gas is introduced through the compressed air cooling device at the position of the rake face of the micro-edge groove tool to promote tool cooling and chip discharge from the secondary cutting of the micro-edge groove 3 on the flank, realizing high-quality workpiece machining and low tool wear.

[0044] Usage method 2: Pre-introduce water-based cutting fluid or oil-based cutting fluid into the micro-edge groove 3 on the flank of the micro-edge groove tool installed on the ultrasonic lathe tool holder. During the machining process, water-based cutting fluid or oil-based cutting fluid is intermittently introduced every 30 s at the position of the rake face of the micro-edge groove tool for cooling and lubrication. At the same time, high-frequency ultrasonic vibration is applied to the tool along the cutting speed direction to promote the cutting fluid to flow between the flank and the machined surface, realizing drag reduction and wear reduction.

Claims

1. A micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining, comprising a polycrystalline diamond PCD blade (1) and a tool substrate (2), wherein the PCD blade (1) is fixedly connected to the tool substrate (2); characterized in that: On the flank face of the PCD blade (1), there are micro-edge grooves (3) arranged in an array along its main cutting edge; the micro-edge grooves (3) are composed of micro-edges (6) that are in the same direction as and parallel to the main cutting edge, micro-grooves (5) located at the bottom, and a smooth curve connected by an arc transition zone (4); water-based or oil-based cutting fluid is added to the micro-grooves (5) before machining to reduce the cutting temperature during machining and the wear of the PCD blade (1).

2. The micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining according to claim 1, wherein: The distance a between the first row of the micro-edge grooves (3) and the main cutting edge is 30 μm to 60 μm, the groove length c, groove width d, and groove depth h of the micro-edge grooves (3) are 70 μm to 150 μm, 20 μm to 80 μm, and 50 μm to 80 μm respectively, and the lateral spacing b and longitudinal spacing e of the array of micro-edge grooves (3) are 40 μm to 60 μm and 20 μm to 70 μm respectively.

3. A processing method for a micro-edge groove tool in water jet assisted laser processing, for processing the micro-edge groove tool described in claim 1, characterized in that: Including the following steps, and the following steps are carried out sequentially: Step 1: Install the pre-machined tool on the stage of the water jet-assisted laser processing device for tool setting. In the water jet-assisted laser processing device, the water jet is emitted by a hydraulic device and ejected through a water jet nozzle (9), and the laser is emitted by a pulsed laser and focused through a reflector (7) and a focusing lens (8). By adjusting the reflector (7), focusing lens (8), and water jet nozzle (9) of the water jet-assisted laser processing device, the laser and the water jet are focused on the flank face of the PCD blade (1). At the same time, adjust the angle α between the laser processing incident angle and the flank face to be 25° to 55°, and the angle β between the water jet and the laser to be 115° to 145°. Step 2: Set the laser and water jet processing parameters, where the laser scanning direction is parallel to the main cutting edge, and the water jet follows the laser. Step 3: When starting the machining program, first turn on the water jet, then turn on the laser, and machine the micro-edge grooves (3) according to the dimensions of the micro-edge grooves (3) in the design drawing. Step 4: Polish the machined micro-edge groove tool to remove the recast layer, ensure that the roughness of the flank face meets the finish machining requirements, and finally put it into a mixed solution of acetone and absolute ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 10 min to 20 min. Step 5: If the micro-edge groove tool is used for machining with oil-based cutting fluid cooling, then perform fluorination treatment on the micro-edge groove tool to enhance its lipophilic property and facilitate the storage of oil-based cutting fluid in the micro-edge grooves (3). If the micro-edge groove tool is used for machining with water-based cutting fluid cooling, then no fluorination treatment is required.

4. A micro-edge groove tool for water jet assisted laser machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific machining parameters in Step 2 are: the laser wavelength is 1064 nm, the power is 20 W, the pulse frequency is 20 Hz, the scanning speed is 5 m / s, and the water jet pressure is 100 bar.

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