Processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials and use method of processing equipment
The design of the mixing device and the sealed drainage device solves the problems of uneven mixing and moisture deposition between high-moisture feed raw materials and low-moisture raw materials, achieves uniform mixing of raw materials and timely drainage during the fermentation process, and ensures fermentation quality and long-term preservation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510823128.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-05
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult to fully mix high-moisture feed raw materials with low-moisture raw materials with existing technologies, and moisture deposition during the fermentation process causes mold, affecting the fermentation quality and long-term storage.
A mixing device and a sealed drainage device are adopted, including a height-adjustable mixing chamber, retractable blades, a discharging conveyor roller mechanism and a sealed drainage device, to achieve mixing of high-moisture raw materials and low-moisture raw materials and non-contact drainage during the fermentation process.
The system achieves full mixing of high-moisture raw materials and low-moisture raw materials, reduces the moisture content during the fermentation process, maintains appropriate fermentation quality and ensures long-term storage.
Smart Images
Figure CN120591073A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to processing equipment suitable for fermenting high-moisture feed raw materials and a use method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, my country's livestock farming industry has rapidly developed, leading to a growing demand for feed. As the proportion of feed grain in my country's total grain output continues to increase, the conflict between humans and livestock for grain has further intensified. Developing unconventional feed resources, such as crop straw, agricultural products, and food industry byproducts, in line with the specific characteristics of industrial and agricultural development in various regions of China, and reducing and replacing feed grains, is crucial for alleviating this conflict. Unconventional feeds, due to limitations such as nutrient imbalance, anti-nutritional factors, poor palatability, storage instability, and unstable quality, require further processing before they can be utilized. Fermentation (ensiling) of unconventional feed resources can effectively degrade difficult-to-digest components such as cellulose and lignin, as well as some anti-nutritional factors, thereby increasing feed intake and digestibility in livestock and poultry. This improves the feeding value of unconventional feed resources while also enabling their long-term preservation.
[0003] An appropriate carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and sealing environment are key factors influencing the fermentation quality of fermented (silage) feed. Unconventional feed resources, such as fresh crop straw, bamboo shoots, Chinese herbal medicine residue, and edible fungus scraps, often have high moisture content (over 80%) and low soluble carbohydrate content. During the production of fermented (silage) feed, it is necessary to add fermentation agents, corn flour, wheat bran, and other ingredients to supplement the carbon source and reduce the moisture content of the fermented (silage) feed.
[0004] In the production of large quantities of unconventional feed resources, achieving optimal fermentation (ensiling) results requires the use of vertical, horizontal, and spiral feed mixers to mix the various raw materials. However, due to significant differences in moisture content, physical particle size, and addition ratio between raw materials like corn flour and wheat bran and unconventional feed resources, raw materials with low addition ratios, low moisture content, and small particle sizes tend to concentrate at the bottom of the mixer (in the gap between the mixing blades and the bottom) after a period of mixing, failing to achieve the desired mixing effect.
[0005] Furthermore, while the moisture content of high-moisture ingredients (over 90%) such as bamboo shoots can be reduced to some extent by adding low-moisture ingredients such as wheat bran and cornmeal, the overall moisture content of the mixed ingredients remains above the optimum moisture content for fermentation. Furthermore, when the fermentation vessel is relatively closed, excess moisture will settle at the bottom during fermentation, causing the underlying ingredients to mold. While installing conventional drainage pipes or ditches at the bottom of the fermentation chamber can promptly remove excess moisture, after a period of fermentation, ingredients exposed to air will mold and gradually spread to the surrounding area, making it impossible to guarantee fermentation quality and the long-term preservation of the ingredients. Furthermore, the mixing and stirring process required during the fermentation (silage) process of unconventional feed resources increases costs such as feed labor and fuel, affecting farmers' willingness to use these resources. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing equipment suitable for the fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials and a method for using the same, which can achieve the full mixing of high-moisture raw materials with low-moisture raw materials while crushing them in the process of making fermented (silage) feed, and achieve timely and non-contact air drainage of the fermented raw materials after the fermented raw materials are filled into the fermentation container.
[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a processing equipment suitable for the fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials, including a mixing device for being arranged between a high-moisture raw material crusher and a fermentation device and a sealing and drainage device for being installed at the bottom of the fermentation device, the mixing device including a height-adjustable stirring bin, a plurality of stirring blades are arranged in the stirring bin, and retractable blades are arranged on two opposite stirring blades, a discharge port is provided on an upper side of the stirring bin and is connected to an angle-adjustable and arc-shaped discharge conveying roller mechanism, a receiving port is provided on a middle side of the stirring bin and is connected to a receiving conveyor belt, the space between the discharge conveying roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the spray port of the high-moisture raw material crusher, and the discharge direction of the discharge port is perpendicular to the spray direction of the high-moisture raw material crusher in the top projection.
[0008] Furthermore, two pairs of stirring blades driven to rotate by an engine or an electric motor are provided in the stirring chamber; an adjustment cavity is provided at the cantilever end of two opposite stirring blades, one end of the retractable blade extends into the adjustment cavity, and a locking bolt for locking the retractable blade is passed through the stirring blade, or a driver for driving the retractable blade to retract is provided in the adjustment cavity.
[0009] Furthermore, one end of the discharging conveying roller mechanism is connected to the lower end of the discharging port via a hinge; the discharging conveying roller mechanism includes a plurality of circular rollers arranged in an arc shape and spaced apart, and the circular rollers are driven by a driving mechanism to rotate clockwise.
[0010] Furthermore, the round rollers are lowered with a height difference within 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm and are moved away from the discharge port in sequence, and a gap of 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm exists between two adjacent round rollers.
[0011] Furthermore, the receiving conveyor belt is driven by two horizontal rotating shafts to rotate counterclockwise, one end of the receiving conveyor belt extends into the receiving port by 4 cm to 6 cm, and the other end of the receiving conveyor belt is 15 cm to 25 cm longer than the discharging conveyor roller mechanism in the horizontal direction.
[0012] Furthermore, the material receiving port is provided with a cover plate that can be flipped upward and locked.
[0013] Furthermore, the sealed drainage device includes an L-shaped pipe body, a screen is installed at the upper end of the vertical pipe portion of the pipe body, and a water baffle composed of an upper baffle and a lower baffle fixed on a rotating shaft is provided in the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body, the distance between the rotating shaft and the top of the horizontal pipe portion is greater than the distance between the rotating shaft and the bottom of the horizontal pipe portion, the surface area of the upper baffle is greater than the surface area of the lower baffle, and the lower baffle is provided with a drooping gravity device, and a limit block is provided in the horizontal pipe portion near the water outlet end to block the lower baffle.
[0014] Furthermore, the angle between the upper baffle and the lower baffle is 120° to 160°.
[0015] Furthermore, when the water baffle seals the transverse tube portion, the drooping gravity device abuts against the limit block, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle completely fit with the inner wall of the transverse tube portion.
[0016] A method for using a processing device suitable for fermenting high-moisture feed raw materials, comprising the following steps: (1) Adjust the height of the mixing bin and the angle of the discharge conveyor roller mechanism so that the space between the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the injection port of the high-moisture raw material crusher; (2) Collect high-moisture raw materials; (3) Adjust the retractable blades to a retracted state, and fully mix the low-moisture raw materials to be added using a mixing device; (4) The retractable blades are adjusted to the extended state, and the high-moisture raw material crusher is started. The raw materials in the mixing chamber are output through the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and fall through the gap between the two adjacent circular rollers. During the falling process, they are mixed with the vertically ejected crushed high-moisture raw materials and enter the fermentation device driven by the high-moisture raw materials. The unmixed low-moisture raw materials fall onto the receiving conveyor belt and are sent to the mixing chamber again; (5) Install a closed drainage device at the bottom of the fermentation device to discharge excess water in a timely manner during the fermentation process.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The processing equipment and the method of use thereof can achieve the goal of fully mixing high-moisture raw materials with low-moisture raw materials while crushing them in the process of making fermented (silage) feed, and achieve timely and non-contact air drainage of the fermented raw materials after the fermented raw materials are filled into the fermentation container; at the same time, the water content of the fermented raw materials is further reduced, so that the fermented raw materials maintain a moisture content suitable for improving the fermentation quality and can be preserved intact for a long time during the fermentation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top view layout of the processing equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing device of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the retractable blade and the stirring blade of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the sealing drainage device of the present invention; Figure 5 A side view of a water retaining plate according to the present invention; In the figure: A-high-moisture raw material crusher B-fermentation device 1-mixing device 11-mixing chamber 12-mixing blade 121-shaft 122-adjusting chamber 123-locking bolt 124-adjusting slot 13-retractable blade 14-discharge port 15-discharge conveyor roller mechanism 151-hinge 152-round roller 16-receiving port 17-receiving conveyor belt 171-rotating shaft 18-supporting foot 19-cover plate 2-sealed drainage device 21-tube body 22-screen 23-rotating shaft 24-upper baffle 25-lower baffle 26-drooping gravity device 27-limiting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0020] refer to Figures 1 to 5 A processing equipment suitable for fermenting high-moisture feed raw materials includes a mixing device 1 for being arranged between a high-moisture raw material crusher A and a fermentation device B and a sealing and drainage device 2 for being installed at the bottom of the fermentation device, the mixing device includes a height-adjustable stirring chamber 11, a plurality of stirring blades 12 are arranged in the stirring chamber, and retractable blades 13 are arranged on two opposing stirring blades, a discharge port 14 is provided on one side of the upper part of the stirring chamber and is connected to an angle-adjustable and arc-shaped discharge conveying roller mechanism 15, a receiving port 16 is provided on one side of the middle part of the stirring chamber and is connected to a receiving conveyor belt 17, the space between the discharge conveying roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the spraying port of the high-moisture raw material crusher, and the discharge direction of the discharge port is perpendicular to the spraying direction of the high-moisture raw material crusher in a top projection, so that the low-moisture raw material falling through the discharge conveying roller mechanism is mixed with the high-moisture raw material and discharged.
[0021] In this embodiment, the bottom of the mixing chamber is provided with a telescopically adjustable support foot 18, so that the height of the mixing chamber can be adjusted by the support foot.
[0022] In this embodiment, two pairs of shafts 121 driven to rotate by an engine or an electric motor through a transmission structure are provided in the mixing chamber, and two pairs of mixing blades are provided on the shafts along the circumference thereof.
[0023] To achieve the telescopic movement of the retractable blades, adjustment cavities 122 are provided at the cantilever ends of two opposing mixing blades. One end of the retractable blade extends into the adjustment cavity, and a driver, such as an electric cylinder, is located within the adjustment cavity to drive the retractable blades to extend and retract. Alternatively, adjustment slots 124 are provided on the mixing blades, and locking bolts 123 are provided to lock the retractable blades, thereby adjusting the extension or retraction of the retractable blades.
[0024] In this embodiment, in order to enable the discharging conveying roller mechanism to adjust its angle, one end of the frame of the discharging conveying roller mechanism is connected to the lower end of the discharging port via a hinge 151, so that the discharging conveying roller mechanism can rotate up and down along the hinge with an opening and closing range of 90°, and is locked by a locking structure, such as screw locking.
[0025] In this embodiment, the discharge conveyor roller mechanism comprises several circular rollers 152 arranged in an arc shape and spaced apart. Gears are mounted on the ends of the rollers. The gears of two adjacent rollers mesh with each other via an intermediate gear. One end of one roller is driven by a motor via a sprocket chain mechanism, causing the rollers to rotate clockwise. Alternatively, sprockets are mounted on the ends of both rollers. A chain drive rotates between the sprockets of two adjacent rollers. One end of one roller is driven by a motor via a sprocket chain mechanism, causing the rollers to rotate clockwise. This allows the low-moisture raw material to be conveyed away from the discharge port and fall through the gaps between the rollers.
[0026] In this embodiment, the diameter of the rollers is 3.0 cm. The rollers are lowered and moved away from the discharge port with a height difference of 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm, specifically 0.5 cm. There is a gap of 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm between two adjacent rollers, specifically 1 cm. This allows the low-moisture raw material to fall between the rollers.
[0027] In this embodiment, the receiving conveyor belt rotates counterclockwise, driven by two horizontal, longitudinally arranged rotating shafts 171. One end of the receiving conveyor belt extends 4 to 6 cm (specifically, 5 cm) into the receiving opening. The other end of the receiving conveyor belt is horizontally longer than the discharge conveyor roller mechanism by 15 to 25 cm (specifically, 20 cm). Raw materials that fall onto the receiving conveyor belt are transported by the receiving conveyor belt into the mixing chamber.
[0028] In this embodiment, a cover plate 19 is provided on the receiving opening to seal the material during mixing. This cover plate seals the receiving opening during mixing, minimizing the amount of low-moisture raw materials that fall through the gap between the receiving conveyor and the receiving opening. The amount of low-moisture raw materials that fall through the gap between the receiving conveyor and the receiving opening is negligible. When discharging material from the discharging opening, the cover plate can be opened to facilitate the transfer of raw materials that fall onto the receiving conveyor into the mixing chamber.
[0029] In another embodiment, a cover plate may be provided on the discharge port so as to seal the discharge port during stirring.
[0030] In this embodiment, the sealed drainage device includes an L-shaped pipe body 21, a screen 22 is installed at the upper end of the vertical pipe portion of the pipe body, and a water baffle composed of an upper baffle 24 and a lower baffle 25 fixed on a rotating shaft 23 is provided in the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body, the distance between the rotating shaft and the top of the horizontal pipe portion is greater than the distance between the rotating shaft and the bottom of the horizontal pipe portion, the surface area of the upper baffle is greater than the surface area of the lower baffle, and the lower baffle is provided with a drooping gravity device 26, which can be a counterweight block installed on the lower baffle. A limit block 27 is provided in the horizontal pipe portion near the water outlet side to block the lower baffle.
[0031] When there is no water in the tube, the lower baffle is aligned with the longitudinal section of the lower end of the tube under the action of the falling gravity device, and the upper and lower baffles are completely in line with the tube wall and are limited by the limit slot to achieve a sealed effect. When water from the fermentation device flows into the tube from the screen, as the liquid level in the transverse tube portion of the tube gradually rises to the upper baffle, the upper baffle rotates downward around the rotating shaft under the action of the gravity of the water, and the upper end of the upper baffle and the lower end of the lower baffle are separated from the tube wall to achieve drainage. When water from the fermentation device stops flowing into the tube, the liquid level in the tube gradually drops. When it is lower than the rotating shaft, the lower baffle gradually approaches the limit slot under the action of the falling gravity device until the baffle is completely in line with the tube wall, achieving a sealed effect.
[0032] In this embodiment, the angle between the upper baffle and the lower baffle is 120° to 160°, specifically 150°. The length of the upper baffle is greater than that of the lower baffle.
[0033] In this embodiment, when the water retaining plate seals the transverse tube portion, the drooping gravity device abuts against the limit block, and the upper retaining plate and the lower retaining plate completely fit with the inner wall of the transverse tube portion.
[0034] In this embodiment, the fermentation device is a silage facility.
[0035] A method for using processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials, comprising the following steps: (1) Adjust the height of the mixing bin and the angle of the discharge conveyor roller mechanism so that the space between the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the injection port of the high-moisture raw material crusher; (2) Collect high-moisture raw materials; (3) Adjust the retractable blades to be in a retracted state, and use a mixing device to fully mix the low-moisture raw materials to be added according to the proportion; (4) The retractable blades are adjusted to the extended state, and the high-moisture raw material crusher is started. The raw materials in the mixing chamber are output through the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and fall through the gap between the two adjacent circular rollers. During the falling process, they are mixed with the vertically ejected crushed high-moisture raw materials and enter the fermentation device driven by the high-moisture raw materials. The unmixed low-moisture raw materials fall onto the receiving conveyor belt and are sent to the mixing chamber again; (5) Install a closed drainage device at the bottom of the fermentation (silage) device to discharge excess water in a timely manner during the fermentation process.
[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, according to the teachings of the present invention, it does not require creative labor to design different forms of processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials and methods of use thereof. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, all equal changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made within the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a mixing device for being arranged between a high-moisture raw material crusher and a fermentation device and a sealing and drainage device for being installed at the bottom of the fermentation device, the mixing device comprises a height-adjustable stirring bin, a plurality of stirring blades are arranged in the stirring bin, and retractable blades are arranged on two opposite stirring blades, a discharge port is arranged on an upper side of the stirring bin and is connected to an angle-adjustable and arc-shaped discharge conveying roller mechanism, a receiving port is arranged on a middle side of the stirring bin and is connected to a receiving conveyor belt, the space between the discharge conveying roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the spraying port of the high-moisture raw material crusher, and the discharge direction of the discharge port is perpendicular to the spraying direction of the high-moisture raw material crusher in the top projection.
2. The processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two pairs of stirring blades driven to rotate by an engine or an electric motor are provided in the stirring chamber; an adjustment cavity is provided at the cantilever end of two opposite stirring blades, one end of the retractable blade extends into the adjustment cavity, and a locking bolt for locking the retractable blade is passed through the stirring blade, or a driver for driving the retractable blade to retract is provided in the adjustment cavity.
3. A processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: One end of the discharging conveying roller mechanism is connected to the lower end of the discharging port via a hinge; the discharging conveying roller mechanism comprises a plurality of circular rollers arranged in an arc shape and spaced apart, and the circular rollers are driven by a driving mechanism to rotate clockwise.
4. The processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The round rollers are lowered with a height difference within 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm and are sequentially away from the discharge port, and a gap of 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm exists between two adjacent round rollers.
5. A processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The receiving conveyor belt is driven by two horizontal rotating shafts to rotate counterclockwise. One end of the receiving conveyor belt extends into the receiving port by 4 cm to 6 cm, and the other end of the receiving conveyor belt is 15 cm to 25 cm longer than the discharging conveyor roller mechanism in the horizontal direction.
6. A processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The material receiving port is provided with a cover plate which can be flipped upward and locked.
7. A processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed raw materials according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The sealed drainage device includes an L-shaped pipe body, a screen is installed at the upper end of the vertical pipe portion of the pipe body, and a water baffle composed of an upper baffle and a lower baffle fixed on a rotating shaft is provided in the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the horizontal pipe portion of the pipe body, the distance between the rotating shaft and the top of the horizontal pipe portion is greater than the distance between the rotating shaft and the bottom of the horizontal pipe portion, the surface area of the upper baffle is greater than the surface area of the lower baffle, the lower baffle is provided with a drooping gravity device, and a limit block is provided in the horizontal pipe portion near the water outlet end to block the lower baffle.
8. The processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The included angle between the upper baffle and the lower baffle is 120° to 160°.
9. The processing equipment suitable for fermentation of high-moisture feed materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the water baffle seals the transverse pipe portion, the drooping gravity device abuts against the limit block, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle completely fit with the inner wall of the transverse pipe portion.
10. A method for using a processing device suitable for fermenting high-moisture feed materials, comprising the processing device suitable for fermenting high-moisture feed materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Adjust the height of the mixing bin and the angle of the discharge conveyor roller mechanism so that the space between the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and the receiving conveyor belt covers the injection port of the high-moisture raw material crusher; (2) Collect high-moisture raw materials; (3) Adjust the retractable blades to a retracted state, and fully mix the low-moisture raw materials to be added using a mixing device; (4) The retractable blades are adjusted to the extended state, and the high-moisture raw material crusher is started. The raw materials in the mixing chamber are output through the discharge conveyor roller mechanism and fall through the gap between the two adjacent circular rollers. During the falling process, they are mixed with the vertically ejected crushed high-moisture raw materials and enter the fermentation device driven by the high-moisture raw materials. The unmixed low-moisture raw materials fall onto the receiving conveyor belt and are sent to the mixing chamber again; (5) Install a closed drainage device at the bottom of the fermentation device to discharge excess water in a timely manner during the fermentation process.