Holographic antenna unit and antenna array

Abstract

The invention provides a holographic antenna unit and an antenna array, belongs to the technical field of antennas, and aims to enable the holographic antenna unit to have dual polarization and frequency selectivity. The first electrode layer is located on one side of the waveguide, and the first electrode layer comprises a first gap; the electrode pattern is located on the side, away from the waveguide, of the first electrode layer; the second electrode layer is located on the side, away from the waveguide, of the electrode pattern, the second electrode layer comprises a second gap, and the orthographic projection of the second gap on the waveguide is at least partially overlapped with the first gap; wherein the orthographic projection of the electrode pattern on the waveguide divides a slot area formed by the orthographic projection of the first slot and the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide into at least two sub-slots; and a metasurface pattern formed by orthographic projections of the first slot, the electrode pattern and the second slot on the waveguide is a centrosymmetric pattern.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a holographic antenna element and antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, holographic antennas are usually single-polarized antennas, while dual-polarized slot antennas have a larger slot size, making them difficult to apply to holographic antennas. Furthermore, dual-polarized slot antennas have a wider bandwidth, making it difficult to achieve frequency selection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the background technology, this disclosure proposes a holographic antenna element and antenna array.

[0004] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a holographic antenna element, comprising:

[0005] waveguide;

[0006] A first electrode layer is located on one side of the waveguide, and the first electrode layer includes a first gap;

[0007] The electrode pattern is located on the side of the first electrode layer opposite to the waveguide;

[0008] A second electrode layer is located on the side of the electrode pattern facing away from the waveguide. The second electrode layer includes a second slot, and the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide at least partially overlaps with the first slot.

[0009] The orthographic projection of the electrode pattern onto the waveguide divides the gap region formed by the orthographic projections of the first gap and the second gap onto the waveguide into at least two sub-gap regions, and the metasurface pattern formed by the orthographic projections of the first gap, the electrode pattern, and the second gap onto the waveguide is a centrally symmetric pattern.

[0010] Optionally, the electrode pattern includes a first metal stub and a plurality of second metal stubs extending into the surrounding area of ​​the first metal stub, wherein the orthographic projection of the plurality of second metal stubs onto the waveguide divides the slot region into a plurality of sub-slots.

[0011] Optionally, the areas of the orthographic projections of the plurality of sub-slots onto the waveguide are the same.

[0012] Optionally, the electrode pattern further includes a plurality of third metal branches, each of which is connected to the end of a plurality of second metal branches away from the first metal branch.

[0013] Optionally, the plurality of the third metal branches are of the same size.

[0014] Optionally, each of the third metal branches is orthogonal to the second metal branch corresponding to the third metal branch.

[0015] Optionally, the orthographic projections of the plurality of the third metal stubs onto the waveguide do not overlap.

[0016] Optionally, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first slot onto the waveguide is the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slot onto the waveguide.

[0017] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first slot on the waveguide coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide.

[0018] Optionally, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first slot onto the waveguide is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slot onto the waveguide.

[0019] Optionally, it includes a plurality of said metasurface patterns, and the plurality of said metasurface patterns are arranged in an array;

[0020] In the arrangement direction of two adjacent metasurface patterns, the spacing between two adjacent metasurface patterns is the same as the size of the metasurface pattern.

[0021] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an antenna array, comprising:

[0022] Multiple holographic antenna elements as described in the first aspect above, and multiple holographic antenna element arrays arranged together.

[0023] Optionally, the plurality of holographic antenna elements are arranged in a circular array, a square array, or a hexagonal array.

[0024] Optionally, the plurality of holographic antenna elements are divided into multiple categories, and the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the holographic antenna elements in different categories is located in different phase intervals;

[0025] The arrangement of the multiple holographic antenna elements of different categories is different.

[0026] The holographic antenna element disclosed herein includes: a waveguide; a first electrode layer located on one side of the waveguide, the first electrode layer including a first slot; an electrode pattern located on the side of the first electrode layer opposite to the waveguide; a second electrode layer located on the side of the electrode pattern opposite to the waveguide, the second electrode layer including a second slot, the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide at least partially overlapping the first slot; wherein, the orthographic projection of the electrode pattern on the waveguide divides the slot region formed by the orthographic projections of the first slot and the second slot on the waveguide into at least two sub-slots, and the metasurface pattern formed by the first slot, the electrode pattern, and the orthographic projections of the second slot on the waveguide is a centrally symmetric pattern;

[0027] Therefore, this disclosure divides the holographic antenna unit into three layers: a first slit, a second slit, and an electrode pattern located between the two slits. Since the metasurface pattern formed by the first slit, the electrode pattern, and the second slit is a centrally symmetrical pattern, the holographic antenna unit has good dual-polarization performance. Furthermore, the electrode pattern divides the overlapping part of the first slit and the second slit into multiple small slits, which makes the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna unit have a narrow bandwidth, thereby giving the holographic antenna unit good frequency selectivity.

[0028] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution disclosed herein. In order to better understand the technical means of this disclosure and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of this disclosure are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the scale in the drawings is for illustration only and does not represent the actual scale.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a holographic antenna in the related technology is shown, wherein a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the holographic antenna, and b shows a diagram of the input matching characteristics of the holographic antenna;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dual-polarized antenna in the related technology is shown, where a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-polarized antenna, and b shows a diagram of the input matching characteristics of the dual-polarized antenna;

[0032] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of the holographic antenna unit provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the holographic antenna element shown;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the electrode pattern in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the electrode pattern is shown in yet another embodiment of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the metasurface pattern in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a metasurface pattern is shown in yet another embodiment of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 9 It shows Figure 3 The input matching characteristics of the holographic antenna element shown;

[0039] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic antenna element provided in yet another embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0040] Figure 11 It shows Figure 10 The input matching characteristics of the holographic antenna element shown;

[0041] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the antenna array provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0042] Figure 13 It shows Figure 12 The radiation pattern of the antenna array shown. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0044] In related technologies, holographic antennas control the radiation characteristics of electromagnetic waves based on holographic technology. The principle involves forming an interference surface from a target wave and an interference wave, and then inverting the target wave by illuminating the interference surface with a reference wave. The reference wave... Figure 1 , Figure 1A schematic diagram of a holographic antenna in related technologies is shown, in which, Figure 1 Figure a shows a schematic diagram of the holographic antenna structure. Figure 1 Figure b shows the input matching characteristics of the holographic antenna, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 As shown, holographic antennas typically employ rectangular, elliptical, and square slots, and the arrays they form only have a single-polarized beam pattern. Currently, dual-polarized antennas can be referenced... Figure 2 , Figure 2 Figure a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-polarized antenna in the related technology. Figure 2 Figure b shows the input matching characteristics of a dual-polarized antenna. Its slot size is relatively large, making it difficult to achieve holographic effects. Furthermore, the dual-polarized antenna has a wide bandwidth, making it difficult to achieve frequency selectivity.

[0045] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a holographic antenna unit and antenna array, wherein two layers of slots are provided on one side of the waveguide, and an electrode pattern is provided between the two layers of slots. The electrode pattern divides the slot region formed by the two layers of slots on the orthographic projection of the waveguide into multiple sub-slots, so that the holographic antenna unit can realize a dual-polarized beam pattern, and its bandwidth is extremely narrow, with high frequency selectivity.

[0046] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the holographic antenna unit provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is shown. Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the holographic antenna element shown is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the holographic antenna element includes:

[0047] Waveguide 1;

[0048] The first electrode layer 2 is located on one side of the waveguide 1, and the first electrode layer 2 includes a first gap 21;

[0049] Electrode pattern 3 is located on the side of the first electrode layer 2 away from the waveguide 1;

[0050] The second electrode layer 4 is located on the side of the electrode pattern 3 away from the waveguide 1. The second electrode layer 4 includes a second gap 41. The orthographic projection of the second gap 41 on the waveguide 1 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first gap 21 on the waveguide 1.

[0051] The orthographic projection of the electrode pattern 3 onto the waveguide 1 divides the slit region 5, which is composed of the orthographic projections of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 onto the waveguide, into at least two sub-slits. The metasurface pattern composed of the orthographic projections of the first slit 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetric pattern.

[0052] In this embodiment, waveguide 1 can be an air waveguide or a dielectric waveguide, i.e., waveguide 1 is a hollow structure or is filled with a dielectric. The first electrode layer 2 can be one side surface of waveguide 1, and a first gap 21 communicating with the inside of waveguide 1 is formed by opening a hole on the surface of the first electrode layer 2. At this time, the radio frequency signal transmitted inside waveguide 1 can be radiated at the first gap 21, emitting electromagnetic waves. In order to adjust the beam of the emitted electromagnetic waves, an electrode pattern 3 and a second electrode layer 4 are sequentially arranged on the side of the first electrode layer 2 away from waveguide 1. The orthographic projection of the electrode pattern 3 on waveguide 1 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first gap 21 on waveguide 1, so that the electrode pattern 3 can adjust the phase, amplitude, etc. of the electromagnetic waves. On the side of the electrode pattern 3 facing away from the waveguide 1, there is also a second electrode layer 4. The surface of the second electrode layer 4 has an opening to form a second slit 41. The orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 overlaps at least partially with the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1. In this way, the radiated signal of the waveguide 1 resonates on the electrode pattern 3 after passing through the first slit 21, and then radiates to the outside through the second slit 41. Thus, by adding the electrode pattern 3, a resonant point can be introduced into the antenna, which narrows the bandwidth of the antenna structure and achieves better frequency selectivity.

[0053] Wherein, the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1. This can be either the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 being located within the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1, or the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 covering the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1, or the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 completely coinciding with the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1.

[0054] Specifically, when the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 onto waveguide 1 is within the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 onto waveguide 1, the size of the first slit 21 is larger than the size of the second slit 41. The shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be the same or different. For example, the first slit 21 can be a square with a side length of 0.2λ, and the second slit 41 can be a circle with a radius of 0.1λ; or the first slit can be a square with a side length of 0.2λ, and the second slit 41 can be a square with a side length of 0.1λ, etc. When the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 onto waveguide 1 covers the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 onto waveguide 1, the size of the first slit 21 is smaller than the size of the second slit 41, and the shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 are different. The shapes and sizes of the first and second slots can be the same or different. For example, the first slot 21 can be a circle with a radius of 0.1λ, and the second slot 41 can be a square with a side length of 0.2λ; or the first slot 21 can be a square with a side length of 0.1λ, and the second slot 41 can be a square with a side length of 0.2λ, etc. When the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1 completely coincides with the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on the waveguide 1, the shape and size of the first slot 21 are exactly the same as the shape and size of the second slot 41. For example, the first slot 21 can be a square with a side length of 0.2λ, and the second slot 41 can also be a square with a side length of 0.2λ; or the first slot 21 can be a circle with a radius of 0.1λ, and the second slot 41 can also be a circle with a radius of 0.1λ. Wherein, λ is the vacuum wavelength of the antenna element in the operating frequency band.

[0055] In this embodiment, the orthographic projections of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1 form the slit region 5, which is the overlapping portion of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41. For example, when the size of the first slit 21 is larger than the size of the second slit 41, the slit region 5 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1; when the size of the first slit 21 is smaller than the size of the second slit 41, the slit region 5 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first slit 41 onto the waveguide 1; and when the sizes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 are the same, the slit region 5 is the region where the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 or the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1 is located. The electrode pattern 3 can be cross-shaped, star-shaped, etc., and a portion of the electrode pattern 3 extends beyond the edges of the orthographic projections of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1, thereby dividing the slit region 5 into at least two sub-slits by the orthographic projection of the electrode pattern 3 onto the waveguide 1. At this point, the wider slot region is divided into multiple narrower sub-slots, enabling the emitted electromagnetic waves to achieve dual polarization and a narrow beam with frequency selectivity. It is important to note that the metasurface pattern formed by the orthographic projections of the first slot 21, electrode pattern 3, and second slot 41 onto waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetric pattern. This central symmetry ensures its excellent beam dual polarization performance. Understandably, when the metasurface pattern is centrally symmetric, the first slot 21, electrode pattern 3, and second slot 41 are all centrally symmetric. It is also important to note that the orthographic projection of electrode pattern 3 onto the waveguide divides the slot region 5, formed by the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and second slot 41 onto waveguide 1, into multiple sub-slots. These sub-slots are also centrally symmetric to ensure that the antenna structure can achieve dual polarization.

[0056] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first slit 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slit 41 can all be determined through simulation. Specifically, the process can be as follows: first, determine the resonant frequency of the holographic antenna unit; then, adjust the dimensions of the first slit 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slit 41 in the holographic antenna unit through simulation to obtain the holographic antenna unit corresponding to the target resonant frequency; next, obtain the amplitude and phase information of the holographic antenna unit through simulation; then, extract and fit the reference wave information in the waveguide cavity through simulation; then, add the reference wave information in the waveguide cavity according to the target beam information to obtain the holographic topology; finally, synthesize the holographic topology and the radiation pattern theory to obtain the beam radiation pattern information.

[0057] The holographic antenna unit provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure has a first electrode layer 2 including a first slot 21, an electrode pattern 3, and a second electrode layer 4 including a second slot 41 sequentially disposed on one side of the waveguide 1. The electrode pattern 3 divides the slot region formed by the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1 into at least two sub-slots, adjusting the larger slot into multiple smaller sub-slots. Furthermore, the metasurface pattern formed by the orthographic projection of the first slot 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetrical pattern, enabling the holographic antenna unit to achieve dual polarization, while the emitted electromagnetic wave beam width is narrow and has frequency selectivity.

[0058] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the electrode pattern in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the electrode pattern 3 includes a first metal branch 31 and a plurality of second metal branches 32 extending into the area surrounding the first metal branch 31. The orthographic projection of the plurality of second metal branches 32 onto the waveguide 1 divides the gap region into a plurality of sub-gap regions.

[0059] In this case, the side of the second metal stub 31 that is far from the first metal stub 31 in the orthographic projection on the waveguide 1 extends beyond the edge of the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1, thereby enabling the slot region 5 to be divided into multiple unconnected sub-slots. Thus, the larger slot is divided into multiple smaller slots, resulting in a narrower beamwidth of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna element.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first metal branch 31 can be a symmetrical shape such as a square, rhombus, or circle. The second metal branches 32 extend from the first metal branch 31 outwards. Multiple second metal branches 32 are evenly distributed at intervals along the edge of the first metal branch 31. This allows the electrode pattern 3 to have a centrally symmetrical structure, facilitating dual polarization of the holographic antenna unit. For example, taking a square as an example, multiple second metal branches 32 extending outwards from the edges of the first metal branch 31 can be four branches extending outwards from the four edges of the first metal branch 31. It is understood that the first metal branch 31 and the multiple second metal branches 32 are integrally formed.

[0061] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 5 The areas of the orthogonal projections of multiple sub-slots onto the waveguide are the same.

[0062] In this embodiment, multiple second metal branches 32 are evenly distributed at intervals, which can divide the slit region 5 into multiple sub-slits. The areas of the orthographic projections of the multiple sub-slits on the waveguide 1 are the same. In this way, the problem of different beamwidths of electromagnetic waves emitted from different slits, which makes it difficult to achieve frequency selectivity, can be avoided. Furthermore, the fact that the orthographic projection areas of the multiple sub-slits on the waveguide 1 are the same can ensure that the metasurface pattern formed by the orthographic projections of the first slit 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetrical pattern, which ensures a better dual polarization effect.

[0063] In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the electrode pattern 3 onto the waveguide 1 is either a cross or a star shape.

[0064] In this embodiment, the multiple second metal branches 32 in the electrode pattern 3 also need to be centrally symmetrical so that the metasurface pattern composed of the electrode pattern 3 is a centrally symmetrical pattern. Thus, the second metal branches 32 can be evenly arranged at intervals of four, six or eight, etc. At this time, the electrode pattern 3 composed of the first metal branches 31 and the second metal branches 32 is a cross shape or a star shape, etc.

[0065] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the electrode pattern in yet another embodiment of this disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the electrode pattern 3 also includes a plurality of third metal branches 33, which are respectively connected to the ends of a plurality of second metal branches 32 that are away from the first metal branch 31.

[0066] In this embodiment, the third metal stub 33 is used to adjust the frequency of the holographic antenna element. The size of the third metal stub 33 can be adjusted according to the required frequency so that the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna element can meet the corresponding frequency. The width of the second metal stub 32 and the width of the third metal stub 33 can be the same or different. The width of the second metal stub 32 can be greater than the width of the third metal stub 33, or the width of the second metal stub 32 can be less than the width of the third metal stub 33, or the width of the second metal stub 32 can be equal to the width of the third metal stub 33.

[0067] It is understandable that the orthographic projection of the end of the second metal branch 32 away from the first metal branch 31 onto the waveguide 1 exceeds the edge of the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 onto the waveguide 1. Therefore, the distance between the orthographic projection of the third metal branch 33 onto the waveguide 1 and the orthographic projection of the larger of the second slot 41 and the first slot 21 onto the waveguide 1 can be determined according to the size of the second slot 41 or the first slot 21, in order to avoid the situation where the size of the metasurface pattern is too large and it is difficult to achieve the control effect on electromagnetic waves. The specific distance can be determined according to the waveform of the electromagnetic waves required by the holographic antenna element.

[0068] The third metal branch 33 can be rectangular, elliptical, rhomboid, etc. Multiple third metal branches 33 have the same shape and size, so that the electrode pattern 3 is a centrally symmetrical figure.

[0069] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 6 Each third metal branch 33 is orthogonal to the second metal branch 32 corresponding to the third metal branch 33.

[0070] Specifically, when multiple third metal branches 33 are uniformly arranged around the first metal branch 31, the metasurface pattern formed by the electrode pattern 3 can achieve a centrally symmetrical structure, giving the holographic antenna element dual-polarization performance. Thus, each third metal branch 33 can be orthogonal to its corresponding second metal branch 32. In this way, multiple third metal branches 33 can be evenly spaced around the orthogonal projection of the first slot 21 or the second slot 41 onto the waveguide 1. In this case, the second metal branch 32 corresponding to the third metal branch 33 can be aligned with the center of the third metal branch along its length direction. Figure 6 For example, the long side of the third metal branch 33, which corresponds to the second metal branch 32, is connected, and the distance between the connection position and the two short sides is equal.

[0071] The introduction of a third metal stub 33 can adjust or increase the resonant point between the electrode pattern 3 and the radiated signal. By changing the length and size of the third metal stub 33, the resonant effect of the electrode pattern 3 can be altered, thereby changing the bandwidth performance of the antenna structure. The shape, length, and other parameters of the third metal stub 33 can be determined according to the application scenario, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0072] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 6 The orthogonal projections of multiple third metal branches 33 onto waveguide 1 do not overlap.

[0073] In this embodiment, the third metal stub 33 is used to adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna unit. In practical applications, the size of the third metal stub 33 can be determined according to the required frequency. It should be noted that in order for the third metal stub 33 to be able to properly adjust the frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna unit, the orthographic projections of multiple third metal stubs 33 on the waveguide 1 do not overlap.

[0074] It is important to note that the orthographic projection of the third metal stub 33 onto waveguide 1 does not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1. That is, the third metal stub 33 is located outside the outer contour of the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1. In this way, while adjusting the shape and size of the third metal stub 33 to adjust the frequency selectivity of the antenna, the third metal stub 33 will not affect the division of the slot region 5 by the first metal stub 31 and the second metal stub 32. This ensures a high degree of freedom in antenna design and makes the extent of changes in antenna performance controllable.

[0075] In this disclosure, the shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 do not affect the dual polarization performance and frequency selectivity of the holographic antenna element. Therefore, the shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be the same or different. When the shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 are the same, the dimensions of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be the same or different. In this case, the slit region 5 is either the first slit 21 or the second slit 41. The first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be fabricated using the same process, which is simple and convenient. When the shapes of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 are different, the dimensions of the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be the same or different. In this case, the slit region 5 can be the overlapping region of the first slit 21, the second slit 41, or the first slit 21 and the second slit 41.

[0076] In one example, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the metasurface pattern provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 onto the waveguide 1 is the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1.

[0077] In this embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1 can coincide with the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on waveguide 1, or the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1 can be located within the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on waveguide 1, or the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on waveguide 1 can be located within the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1. When the shapes of the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1 are the same, if the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on waveguide 1, then slot region 5 is the region where the first slot 21 is located. Conversely, if the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on waveguide 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on waveguide 1, then slot region 5 is the region where the second slot 41 is located. This allows for further subdivision of smaller slots, resulting in multiple even smaller slots. Consequently, the holographic antenna element can radiate at these smaller slots, resulting in electromagnetic waves with a narrower bandwidth. Figure 7 For example, Figure 7 The case where the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on the waveguide 1 is located at the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1, in which case the slot region 5 is the region where the first slot 21 is located, and the region between the second slot 41 and the second slot 21 is blocked by the second electrode layer 4.

[0078] In one embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 onto the waveguide 1 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slit 42 onto the waveguide 1.

[0079] In this embodiment, when the size of the first slit 21 is the same as the size of the second slit 41, the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slit 42 on the waveguide 1. At this time, the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 can be prepared using the same process, simplifying the preparation process. Furthermore, since the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slit 42 on the waveguide 1, when adjusting the size of the first slit 21, the second slit 41, and the electrode pattern 3 in the holographic antenna element according to the required beam, the number of parameters can be reduced, and the adjustment efficiency can be improved.

[0080] In another example, refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a metasurface pattern provided in another embodiment of this disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 onto the waveguide 1 is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 onto the waveguide 1.

[0081] In this embodiment, the slot region 5 can be the region where the first slot 21 is located, the region where the second slot 41 is located, or the region where the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 overlap. Since the shape of the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 on the waveguide 1 is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1, the shape of the slot region 5 formed by the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1 can be adjusted by the first slot 21 and the second slot 41, which facilitates the control of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna element. Among them, with Figure 8 For example, the orthographic projection of the second slit 41 on the waveguide 1 is within the orthographic projection of the first slit 21 on the waveguide 1. The slit region 5 is the region where the second slit 41 is located, while the region between the first slit 21 and the second slit 41 is blocked by the first electrode layer 2.

[0082] In one embodiment, the holographic antenna element includes multiple metasurface patterns, and the multiple metasurface patterns are arranged in an array.

[0083] In the arrangement direction of two adjacent metasurface patterns, the spacing between two adjacent metasurface patterns is the same as the size of metasurface pattern 6.

[0084] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the size of the metasurface pattern can be 0.2-0.3 times the vacuum wavelength of the holographic antenna element in the operating frequency band. Multiple metasurface patterns can be arranged in a circular array, a square array, or a hexagonal array, etc. In the arrangement direction of two adjacent metasurface patterns, the spacing between two adjacent metasurface patterns is the same as the size of the metasurface pattern, so that multiple metasurface patterns can be arranged at uniform intervals.

[0085] The holographic antenna unit provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure has a first electrode layer 2 including a first slot 21, an electrode pattern 3, and a second electrode layer 4 including a second slot 41 sequentially disposed on one side of the waveguide 1. The electrode pattern 3 divides the slot region 5, which is formed by the orthogonal projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1, into multiple sub-slots. The metasurface pattern formed by the orthogonal projections of the first slot 21, the electrode pattern 3, and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetric pattern. Thus, the multiple sub-slots and the second slot 41 enable the holographic antenna unit to emit electromagnetic waves with a narrow bandwidth. The centrally symmetric metasurface pattern enables the electromagnetic waves emitted by the holographic antenna unit to have a dual-polarization effect. Therefore, the holographic antenna unit has good beam dual-polarization performance and frequency selectivity.

[0086] The holographic antenna element provided in the embodiments of this disclosure will now be described with reference to specific examples:

[0087] Example 1: Reference Figure 3The holographic antenna unit includes a waveguide 1, a first electrode layer 2 located on one side of the waveguide 1, an electrode pattern 3, and a second electrode layer 4. The first electrode layer 2 includes a first slot 21, the orthographic projection of which on the waveguide 1 is a square. The electrode pattern 3 is cross-shaped and specifically includes a first metal branch 31 and four second metal branches 32. The orthographic projection of which which which which is does not appear on the waveguide 1 is a square, and the two adjacent second metal branches 32 are 90 degrees apart. The second electrode layer 4 includes a second slot 41, the orthographic projection of which which is does not appear on the waveguide 1 is a square. In this design, the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 onto waveguide 1 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1. Electrode pattern 3 divides the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1 into four sub-slots. The areas of the orthographic projections of the four sub-slots onto waveguide 1 are equal. Furthermore, the metasurface pattern formed by the first slot 21, electrode pattern 3, and the orthographic projections of the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetric pattern. Simulation using the antenna element of this example yields the following results: Figure 9 The results shown are based on Figure 9 It can be seen that the holographic antenna unit provided in this embodiment has good beam dual polarization performance and frequency selectivity.

[0088] Example 2: Reference Figure 10 The holographic antenna unit includes a waveguide 1, a first electrode layer 2 located on one side of the waveguide 1, an electrode pattern 3, and a second electrode layer 4. The first electrode layer 2 includes a first slot 21, the orthographic projection of which on the waveguide 1 is a square. The electrode pattern 3 is cross-shaped and specifically includes a first metal branch 31, four second metal branches 32, and four third metal branches 33. The orthographic projection of which the first metal branch 31 on the waveguide 1 is a square. The two adjacent second metal branches 32 are 90 degrees apart. Each third metal branch 33 is orthogonal to the second metal branch 32 corresponding to it, and the orthographic projection of which the third metal branch 33 on the waveguide 1 does not overlap with the orthographic projections of which the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 on the waveguide 1. The second electrode layer 4 includes a second slot 41, the orthographic projection of which on the waveguide 1 is a square. In this design, the orthographic projection of the first slot 21 onto waveguide 1 coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1. Electrode pattern 3 divides the orthographic projections of the first slot 21 and the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1 into four sub-slots. The areas of the orthographic projections of the four sub-slots onto waveguide 1 are equal. Furthermore, the metasurface pattern formed by the first slot 21, electrode pattern 3, and the orthographic projections of the second slot 41 onto waveguide 1 is a centrally symmetric pattern. Simulation using the antenna element of this example yields the following results: Figure 11 The results shown are based on Figure 11 It can be seen that the holographic antenna unit provided in this embodiment has good beam dual polarization performance and frequency selectivity.

[0089] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an antenna array, including a plurality of holographic antenna elements as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the plurality of holographic antenna elements are arranged in an array.

[0090] In this array, multiple holographic antenna elements can be either air waveguides or dielectric waveguides. When multiple holographic elements are arranged in an array, the element amplitudes can be distributed in an n-bit manner. This is achieved by arranging multiple holographic antenna elements with different phases to control the direction of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna array. It should be noted that distributing the element amplitudes in an n-bit manner means dividing the arrayed holographic antenna elements into 2^n phases. n Categorizing multiple holographic antenna elements according to their phase allows for convenient arrangement of the elements within each category based on the desired radiation pattern.

[0091] In one embodiment, the multiple holographic antenna elements are arranged in a circular array, a square array, or a hexagonal array.

[0092] Specifically, multiple holographic antenna elements can be arranged in a circular array, forming a circular pattern; they can also be arranged in a square array, forming a square pattern; or they can be arranged in a hexagonal array, forming a regular hexagonal pattern, and so on. When multiple holographic antenna elements are arranged in a square array, their uniform distribution in both the horizontal and vertical directions allows for simultaneous adjustment of the beam direction in both directions, achieving more complex beam shapes. When arranged in a circular array, the uniform arrangement of the elements in a circle or ring allows for omnidirectional beam adjustment. When arranged in a hexagonal array, it reduces grating lobes and enables multi-directional beam adjustment.

[0093] Among them, multiple holographic antenna elements are divided into multiple categories, and the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the holographic antenna elements in different categories is located in different phase intervals;

[0094] The arrangement of multiple holographic antenna elements of different categories varies.

[0095] In this embodiment, multiple holographic antenna elements are distributed according to an element amplitude of nbit. The specific arrangement can be determined based on the required electromagnetic wave pattern. Here, the element amplitude of nbit distribution refers to dividing the multiple holographic antenna elements into 2^n phases. n The electromagnetic wave pattern is adjusted by arranging multiple holographic antenna elements within each category. Specifically, using... Figure 12 For example, Figure 12The diagram illustrates the structure of an antenna array provided in this embodiment. The array features a 1-bit amplitude distribution among its elements, meaning that multiple holographic antenna elements are divided into two categories, Category A and Category B. Category A consists of holographic antenna elements whose emitted electromagnetic waves have a phase between 0° and 180°, while Category B consists of holographic antenna elements whose emitted electromagnetic waves have a phase between 180° and 360°. After dividing the holographic antenna elements into two categories, the positional distribution of the multiple holographic antenna elements in each category can be adjusted according to the desired radiation pattern. For example, to obtain… Figure 13 The radiation pattern shown allows multiple holographic antenna elements in categories A and B to be divided into... Figure 12 Arranged as shown.

[0096] The antenna array provided in this disclosure includes a holographic antenna element composed of a double-layer slit and an electrode pattern located between the double-layer slit, forming a metasurface pattern. Since the electrode pattern divides the slit into multiple smaller sub-slits and the metasurface pattern is a centrally symmetrical pattern, the holographic antenna element has good beam dual-polarization performance and frequency selectivity. This enables the antenna array to achieve dual polarization and facilitates planning the arrangement of multiple holographic antenna elements in the antenna array based on the phase and frequency of the holographic antenna element.

[0097] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0099] The above provides a detailed description of a holographic antenna and antenna array provided by this disclosure. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this disclosure. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0100] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0101] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0102] The terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" as used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure. Furthermore, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0103] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0104] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This disclosure can be implemented by means of hardware comprising a plurality of different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating a plurality of means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit them. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A holographic antenna element, characterized in that, include: waveguide; A first electrode layer is located on one side of the waveguide, and the first electrode layer includes a first gap; The electrode pattern is located on the side of the first electrode layer opposite to the waveguide; A second electrode layer is located on the side of the electrode pattern facing away from the waveguide. The second electrode layer includes a second slot, and the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide at least partially overlaps with the first slot. The orthographic projection of the electrode pattern onto the waveguide divides the gap region formed by the orthographic projections of the first gap and the second gap onto the waveguide into at least two sub-gap regions, and the metasurface pattern formed by the orthographic projections of the first gap, the electrode pattern, and the second gap onto the waveguide is a centrally symmetric pattern.

2. The holographic antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode pattern includes a first metal stub and a plurality of second metal stubs extending into the surrounding area of ​​the first metal stub, wherein the orthographic projection of the plurality of second metal stubs onto the waveguide divides the slot region into a plurality of sub-slots.

3. The holographic antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The areas of the orthogonal projections of the multiple sub-slots onto the waveguide are the same.

4. The holographic antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrode pattern also includes a plurality of third metal branches, each of which is connected to the end of a plurality of second metal branches away from the first metal branch.

5. The holographic antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multiple third metal branches are of the same size.

6. The holographic antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the third metal branches is orthogonal to the second metal branch corresponding to the third metal branch.

7. The holographic antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The orthogonal projections of the multiple third metal stubs onto the waveguide do not overlap.

8. The holographic antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the orthographic projection of the first slot onto the waveguide is the same as the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slot onto the waveguide.

9. The holographic antenna element according to claim 8, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first slot on the waveguide coincides with the orthographic projection of the second slot on the waveguide.

10. The holographic antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the orthographic projection of the first slot onto the waveguide is different from the shape of the orthographic projection of the second slot onto the waveguide.

11. The holographic antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes multiple metasurface patterns, and the multiple metasurface patterns are arranged in an array; In the arrangement direction of two adjacent metasurface patterns, the spacing between two adjacent metasurface patterns is the same as the size of the metasurface pattern.

12. An antenna array, characterized in that, It includes multiple holographic antenna elements as described in any one of claims 1-11 above, and the multiple holographic antenna elements are arranged in an array.

13. The antenna array according to claim 12, characterized in that, The multiple holographic antenna elements are arranged in a circular array, a square array, or a hexagonal array.

14. The antenna array according to claim 12, characterized in that, The multiple holographic antenna elements are divided into multiple categories, and the phase of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the holographic antenna elements in different categories is located in different phase intervals; The arrangement of the multiple holographic antenna elements of different categories is different.

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