A slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of slope simulation, and particularly relates to a slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device and method, wherein the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device comprises a simulation coupling unit, a base system and a driving actuator; the vibration generating seat is configured to synchronously drive the slope simulation piece to generate vertical vibration excitation and horizontal displacement; when the slope simulation piece moves away from the static fixed seat in the horizontal displacement process, the driving actuator forces the slope simulation piece to rotate through the stretching movement, so as to realize the dynamic gradual change of the slope of the slope simulation piece from the initial steep state to the gentle state, and the airflow in the driving actuator enters the simulation coupling unit through the air pipe to simulate the airflow wind erosion of the slope, thereby solving the technical problems that the prior art cannot synchronously couple the slope sliding under the action of earthquake vibration, the evolution of the slope from the steep state to the gentle state and the wind field cooperation.

Description

A Multi-Coupled Simulation Test Device and Method for Slope Wind Erosion Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope simulation technology, specifically to a multi-coupled simulation test device and method for slope wind erosion. Background Technology

[0002] Slope seismic stability research is a key area for disaster prevention and mitigation. Traditional shaking table tests mainly simulate the single-direction horizontal dynamic load of the main shock, making it difficult to accurately reflect the complex dynamic response of aftershocks. Aftershocks typically contain significant coupled horizontal and vertical vibration components, characterized by low-frequency, long-duration reciprocating forces. Under continuous aftershocks, slopes not only experience vertical turbulence but are also prone to progressive lateral slippage driven by horizontal inertial forces. Simultaneously, repeated vibrations weaken the slope's structural surface strength, leading to internal stress redistribution and inducing dynamic evolution of slope morphology; that is, a gradual transformation from an initially steep state to a gentler shape, a process often accompanied by progressive damage. Notably, real aftershock environments are often coupled with meteorological factors such as strong winds and sudden changes in air pressure. Airflow across the slope generates dynamic pressure, exacerbating wind erosion and transport of soil particles, altering local stress distribution, and inducing dynamic changes in slope morphology, forming a complex interaction with the vibration-slip-slope easing process. However, existing experimental devices have three limitations: First, conventional shaking tables can only apply unidirectional or bidirectional simple harmonic vibrations and cannot synchronously generate horizontal-vertical coupled vibrations; second, the devices use rigid bases to fix the slope, which cannot simulate slope displacement or reproduce the gradual change in slope gradient; third, they completely ignore the reinforcing effect of environmental factors such as wind fields on the disaster chain. This simplified model of "static slope shape - single vibration - no environmental coupling" leads to a fundamental difference between the experimental results and the dynamic disaster mechanism of "vibration-driven slippage → slope easing → wind erosion-coordinated destruction" in real aftershocks, resulting in inaccurate assessment of slope seismic stability.

[0003] Therefore, the inventors have proposed a multi-coupling simulation test device and method for slope wind erosion to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a multi-coupled simulation test device for slope wind erosion, so as to solve the technical problem that existing technologies cannot synchronously couple slope slippage, slope evolution from steep to gentle slope, and wind field synergy under seismic vibration. The second objective is to propose a method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A multi-coupled simulation test device for slope wind erosion, comprising a simulation coupling unit, a base system, and a drive actuator;

[0007] The base system includes a vibration generating base and a static fixing base that are connected to each other;

[0008] The simulation coupling unit includes a slope simulation component that can be slidably mounted on a vibration generator base. The vibration generator base is configured to synchronously drive the slope simulation component to generate vertical vibration excitation and horizontal displacement.

[0009] The two ends of the drive actuator are respectively hinged to the static fixed base and the slope simulation component;

[0010] The drive actuator is connected to an air tube, and the free end of the air tube is connected to the analog coupling unit.

[0011] When the slope simulation component moves away from the static fixed base during horizontal displacement, the drive actuator forces the slope simulation component to rotate through extension motion, realizing a dynamic gradual change in the slope of the slope simulation component from an initial steep state to a gentle state. The airflow in the drive actuator enters the simulation coupling unit through the air pipe to simulate airflow erosion of the slope.

[0012] It also includes a data acquisition system, which is installed in the simulation coupling unit to monitor the slope status in real time during the simulation process and collect data information generated during the test.

[0013] Furthermore, the drive actuator includes a drive housing, a slip ring, and a push rod. The slip ring is slidably connected in the drive housing, and the push rod is fixedly disposed on one side of the slip ring. The slip ring divides the drive housing into a first air chamber and a first water chamber. The drive housing has a first air hole communicating with the first air chamber, and the air pipe is installed on the first air hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the simulation coupling unit includes a simulation box, on the side of the simulation box away from the static fixing seat, an airflow dispersion cavity is provided, and the simulation box has a plurality of airflow holes connected to the airflow dispersion cavity. The airflow dispersion cavity is connected to the air pipe, and the air outlet of the airflow holes faces the slope simulation component.

[0015] Furthermore, the vibration generating seat includes two seats and a cover plate disposed on the two seats. A first limiting strip is disposed on the two seats. Several rollers are rotatably disposed on each seat. A driven bevel gear is disposed on one side of each roller. Rotating rods are rotatably disposed on both seats. A driving bevel gear is disposed on each rotating rod. The driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear. A connecting shaft connects the two rotating rods. The two rotating rods rotate synchronously through the connecting shaft.

[0016] A motor is provided on one side of the base, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to a drive sprocket. A driven sprocket is provided on one of the rotating rods, and a chain is provided between the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket.

[0017] Furthermore, the slope simulation component is installed inside the simulation box, and the simulation box is provided with symmetrically arranged second limiting strips on both sides, with the first limiting strip and the second limiting strip being adapted to each other;

[0018] The bottom of the second limiting bar is provided with a contact bar, and the rotating rod is provided with a plurality of eccentric cams. When the rotating rod rotates, the eccentric cams periodically abut and lift the contact bar, forcing the simulation box to generate reciprocating vibration excitation in the vertical direction.

[0019] Furthermore, the slope simulation component includes a top plate and several movable units connected end to end. Each movable unit includes two telescopic plates and two intersecting and hinged cross rods. Support rods are hinged to the middle positions on both sides of the top plate, and the free ends of the support rods are hinged to the ends of the cross rods.

[0020] Furthermore, the telescopic plate includes a first plate body and a second plate body, the second plate body being sealed and slidably connected to the first plate body, and one end of the second plate body extending out of the first plate body and hinged to the adjacent first plate body.

[0021] Furthermore, the static fixing seat includes a base and a side seat, the base is fixedly connected to the two seat bodies, the side seat is fixedly installed on the base, and one end of the drive box is hinged to the side seat.

[0022] Furthermore, a spray plate is provided on the top of the simulation box, a spray chamber is provided inside the spray plate, a number of spray holes connected to the spray chamber are provided at the bottom of the spray plate, and a water supply pipe is provided on the spray plate, which is connected to the spray chamber for supplying water to the spray chamber.

[0023] The spray chamber is connected to a water-reducing pipe, and the other end of the water-reducing pipe is connected to the first water chamber.

[0024] On the other hand, this application also proposes a multi-coupling simulation test method for slopes under vibration, which uses the aforementioned multi-coupling simulation test device for slope wind erosion, and further includes the following steps:

[0025] S1: Install laser displacement sensor, water pressure sensor, soil moisture sensor, wind speed sensor and vibration sensor in the simulation box. Connect the data acquisition system to the computer and debug it. Set the slope simulation component to a steep state initially.

[0026] S2: Lay soil and rock in layers on the surface of the slope simulation component and turn on the spray to moisten the soil and rock.

[0027] S3: Start the motor to cause the simulation box to generate horizontal and vertical coupled vibration;

[0028] S4: The movement of the simulation box causes the drive actuator to stretch, and the slope gradient changes from steep to gentle, while simultaneously simulating wind erosion by jetting air through the airflow hole.

[0029] S5: Collect data, analyze multi-field coupling patterns, and clean and reset after the experiment.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] 1. This application achieves laboratory simulation of the coordinated mechanism of "vibration-movement-slope evolution" of slopes under aftershocks by integrating horizontal and vertical coupled vibration excitation and dynamic slope gradient change functions. Traditional test devices can only provide unidirectional or fixed-angle vibrations and cannot drive the slope to move autonomously laterally, resulting in significant differences between the test results and the actual progressive instability process of slopes under aftershocks. This device drives the simulation box to slide horizontally through rollers, combined with the vertical vibration generated by the eccentric cam lifting, to realistically reproduce the horizontal and vertical coupled dynamic effects of aftershocks. At the same time, the actuator drives the slope to move laterally, forcing the moving units of the slope to deform in linkage by contraction, realizing a continuous gradual change of slope from gentle to steep. This solves the problem of the simplified mode of "single vibration input - static slope" in existing devices and significantly improves the simulation accuracy of progressive instability evolution of slopes under complex aftershock conditions.

[0032] 2. This application achieves dynamic adaptive matching between gradual slope change and rainfall intensity through mechanical linkage, breaking through the limitations of static application of environmental load in traditional tests. When the slope changes from steep to gentle, the actuator extends and simultaneously increases the volume of the first water chamber to generate negative pressure. The water flow in the spray chamber is actively drawn through the water reduction pipe, automatically reducing the rainfall intensity of the spray plate. This design accurately reproduces the hydrological response law of the decrease in surface runoff velocity and increase in rainwater infiltration caused by the gradual slope in real aftershocks. It not only avoids the distortion problem of excessive water accumulation caused by traditional fixed rainfall in gentle slope areas, but also, for the first time, constructs a closed-loop physical feedback mechanism at the device level of "slope evolution → seepage field redistribution → autonomous coordination of rainfall intensity". This provides irreplaceable experimental conditions for revealing the dynamic influence of slope adjustment on the pore water pressure transmission path, the saturation softening process of weak interlayers, and the competition effect of hydraulic and gravity loads.

[0033] 3. This application converts the mechanical energy of the gradual slope change process into a wind erosion power source. The integrated "displacement-slope change-airflow" catastrophe chain simulation technology drives the actuator to compress the first air chamber when it is stretched. This forces the gas in the chamber to be transported through the air pipe to the airflow dispersion chamber of the simulation box, and forms a uniform wind field through multi-hole jet. This design realizes the slope easing and wind erosion energy supply simultaneously through a single mechanical action. It not only reproduces the airflow generation mechanism caused by the sudden change in air pressure during aftershocks, but also uses the mechanical energy of displacement to directly drive the airflow without the need for additional air source equipment. At the same time, the directional jet of airflow holes, combined with the gradual slope change process, can dynamically simulate the transport effect of wind erosion on the soil particles on the slope, the distribution of aerodynamic pressure under different slope shapes, and the crack propagation path. This solves the technical bottleneck of decoupling the wind field and slope deformation in traditional experiments and provides a real physical field for studying the chain catastrophe law of "vibration-displacement-slope change-wind erosion". Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the base system of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a side view of the multi-coupling simulation test device for slope wind erosion of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of part A of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the steep state split structure in Figure 6 of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the gently sloping state split structure in Figure 6 of the slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the multi-coupling simulation test device for slope wind erosion of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of part B of Figure 9 in the multi-coupled slope wind erosion simulation test device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of part C of Figure 9 in the multi-coupled simulation test device for slope wind erosion of the present invention.

[0045] The system includes: a base system 1, a vibration generator 11, a seat body 111, a cover plate 112, a first limiting bar 113, a roller 114, a driven bevel gear 115, a rotating rod 116, a connecting shaft 117, a motor 118, a driving sprocket 119, a static fixed seat 12, a base 121, a side seat 122, a simulation coupling unit 2, a simulation box 21, a second limiting bar 211, a contact bar 212, an eccentric cam 213, an airflow dispersion chamber 2111, an airflow hole 2112, a slope simulation component 22, a top plate 221, a telescopic plate 222, a first plate body 2221, a second plate body 2222, a cross rod 223, a support rod 224, a drive actuator 3, a first air chamber 311, a first water chamber 312, a first air hole 313, a spray plate 4, a spray chamber 41, a spray hole 42, an air pipe 5, and a water reduction pipe 6. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0048] This embodiment proposes a multi-coupling simulation test device for slope wind erosion, as shown in Figures 1 to 11, including a base system 1, a simulation coupling unit 2, and a drive actuator 3; wherein, the base system 1 includes a vibration generating seat 11 and a static fixing seat 12 connected to each other.

[0049] The simulation coupling unit 2 includes a slope simulation element 22 that is slidably mounted on a vibration generator 11. The vibration generator 11 is configured to synchronously drive the slope simulation element 22 to generate vertical vibration excitation and horizontal displacement. The two ends of the drive actuator 3 are hinged to the static fixed base 12 and the slope simulation element 22, respectively. When the slope simulation element 22 moves away from the static fixed base 12 during horizontal displacement, the drive actuator 3 forces the slope simulation element 22 to rotate through extension movement, thereby realizing a dynamic gradual change in the slope of the slope simulation element 22 from an initial steep state to a gentle state. An air pipe 5 is connected to the drive actuator 3, and the free end of the air pipe 5 is connected to the simulation coupling unit 2. The airflow in the drive actuator 3 enters the simulation coupling unit 2 through the air pipe 5 to simulate airflow erosion of the slope.

[0050] It also includes a data acquisition system, which is installed in the simulation coupling unit 2 to monitor the slope status in real time during the simulation process and collect data information generated during the test.

[0051] During aftershocks, slopes are subjected to forces from transverse and longitudinal waves, often resulting in continuous lateral displacement and slope changes. In this embodiment, the vibration generator 11 of the base system 1 is connected to the static fixed base 12, providing basic support for the entire device. In the simulation coupling unit 2, the slope simulation component 22 is slidably mounted on the vibration generator 11. The vibration generator 11 synchronously drives the slope simulation component 22 to generate vertical vibration excitation and horizontal displacement, simulating the horizontal and vertical coupled vibration in aftershocks. One end of the drive actuator 3 is hinged to the static fixed base 12, and the other end is hinged to the slope simulation component 22. When the slope simulation component 22 moves away from the static fixed base 12 during horizontal displacement, the drive actuator 3 is stretched through extension movement, forcing the slope simulation component 22 to rotate, thereby realizing the dynamic gradual change of the slope of the slope simulation component 22 from the initial steep state (Figure 7) to the gentle state (Figure 8), simulating the dynamic change of slope in real aftershocks. Meanwhile, the data acquisition system installed in the simulation coupling unit 2 starts working, monitoring the state of the slope in real time during the simulation process, such as the slope displacement and stress changes, and collecting data information generated during the test. This provides data support for subsequent analysis of the slope stability under the combined effects of vibration, movement and gradual slope change, effectively solving the technical problem that the existing test device cannot simulate the relevant process, resulting in differences between the test results and the real situation.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the drive actuator 3 includes a drive housing, a slip ring, and a push rod. The slip ring is slidably and sealed within the drive housing. The push rod is fixedly disposed on one side of the slip ring, and its left end extends out of the drive housing and is hinged to the cross rod 223. A first air chamber 311 and a first water chamber 312 are formed within the drive housing. A first air hole 313 communicating with the first air chamber 311 is provided on the drive housing. An air pipe 5 is installed on the first air hole 313. A first spring is disposed within the first air chamber 311, and the first spring has a tendency to push the push rod to retract into the drive housing. It should be noted that when the slope simulation component 22 moves to the left, the frictional force on the bottom of the simulation box 21 needs to be greater than the elastic force of the first spring to satisfy the requirement that the first spring is stretched against its own elastic force.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 9, the simulation coupling unit 2 includes a simulation box 21. An airflow dispersion cavity 2111 is provided on the side of the simulation box 21 away from the static fixing seat 12 (i.e., the left side of the model box in Figure 9). A plurality of airflow holes 2112 connected to the airflow dispersion cavity 2111 are provided on the simulation box 21. The airflow dispersion cavity 2111 is connected to the air pipe 5. The air outlet end of the airflow hole 2112 faces the slope simulation component 22.

[0054] In this embodiment, the drive actuator 3 consists of a drive box, a slip ring, and a push rod. The slip ring is slidably and sealed inside the drive box. One end of the push rod is fixed to the slip ring and extends outside the drive box, hinged to the cross rod 223 of the slope simulation component 22. A first air chamber 311 is formed inside the drive box, and a first spring is built in it. The spring pushes the push rod to extend inside the drive box through elastic force, so that the slope simulation component 22 maintains its initial steep state. When the slope simulation component 22 moves away from the static fixed base 12 during horizontal displacement, the drive actuator 3 is stretched outward, and the push rod drives the slip ring to move to the left in the drive box, compressing the first air chamber 311. The gas in the first air chamber 311 is discharged through the first air hole 313 and transported to the airflow dispersion chamber 2111 of the simulation box 21 through the air pipe 5. The airflow dispersion chamber 2111 is connected to multiple airflow holes 2112 opened on the side wall of the simulation box 21. The discharged gas is evenly dispersed into the interior of the simulation box 21 through the airflow holes 2112 to simulate the airflow dynamics effect caused by the vibration in the aftershock and to simulate the impact of the slope on the slope under the condition of airflow erosion.

[0055] It should be noted that the number of drive actuators 3 is not limited to two in the preferred embodiment, but can also be multiple. When the first air chamber 311 in multiple drive actuators 3 is connected to the airflow dispersion chamber 2111, the vibration effect and the aerodynamic effect of airflow on the slope during the slope movement process can be better simulated. At the same time, the extension of the drive actuators 3 forces the hinge point of the cross rod 223 to rotate, driving the telescopic plate 222 to extend along the length direction. The support rods 224 on both sides of the top plate 221 change their inclination angle with the rotation of the cross rod 223, making the included angle of the cross rods 223 of adjacent active units smaller, reducing the slope of the slope, and finally realizing the continuous slope gradient change of the slope simulation component 22 from steep to gentle. This process accurately reproduces the coordinated disaster mechanism of "vibration-movement-gradual slope change-airflow" in real aftershocks through the dual action of gas flow and mechanical linkage.

[0056] It should be noted that the simultaneous introduction of airflow simulation in aftershock simulation allows for a more realistic reproduction of the multi-physics coupled environment of earthquake disasters, significantly improving the accuracy of the experiment and its engineering reference value. During aftershocks, the actual geological environment is often accompanied by meteorological factors such as strong winds and sudden changes in air pressure. The airflow phenomenon is often caused by pressure changes resulting from aftershocks, and these factors interact in complex ways with vibration, slope displacement, and gradual slope shape changes. Airflow generates dynamic pressure across the slope surface, potentially exacerbating wind erosion and transport of surface soil particles, altering the local stress distribution of the slope. Simultaneously, the aerodynamic effects caused by wind (such as pressure gradient forces) are superimposed on the inertial forces induced by vibration, affecting changes in pore pressure within the slope and the path of crack propagation. Furthermore, airflow can simulate the effects of rainfall or wind drying that may accompany aftershocks, combined with a spray system to simulate the rain-wind-vibration coupled conditions. This multi-factor collaborative simulation mechanism can reveal the "wind-vibration-movement-slope change" chain disaster law neglected in traditional unidirectional vibration tests, such as the destructive process of slope morphology caused by wind erosion on the slope's soil and rock mass. By synchronously monitoring parameters such as wind speed, slope displacement, stress and strain through the data acquisition system, more comprehensive dynamic evolution data can be provided for slope stability assessment, thereby optimizing seismic design parameters and disaster early warning models, making the test results closer to the complex disaster scenarios of real aftershocks.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the vibration generating base 11 includes two base bodies 111 and a cover plate 112 disposed on the two base bodies 111. A first limiting strip 113 is disposed on the two base bodies 111. Several rollers 114 are rotatably disposed on each base body 111. The top of the rollers 114 extends out of the cover plate 112. A driven bevel gear 115 is disposed on one side of the rollers 114. Rotating rods 116 are rotatably disposed on both base bodies 111. A driving bevel gear is disposed on the rotating rod 116. The driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear 115. A connecting shaft 117 connects the two rotating rods 116, and the two rotating rods 116 rotate synchronously through the connecting shaft 117. A motor 118 is disposed on one side of the base body 111. The output shaft of the motor 118 is connected to a driving sprocket 119. A driven sprocket is disposed on one of the rotating rods 116. A chain is disposed between the driving sprocket 119 and the driven sprocket.

[0058] In this embodiment, after the motor 118 starts, the output shaft of the motor 118 drives the drive sprocket 119 to rotate, which in turn drives the driven sprocket to rotate via chain transmission, thereby causing the rotating rod 116 on one side of it to rotate. Since the two rotating rods 116 are connected by a connecting shaft 117, the two rotating rods 116 rotate synchronously. The drive bevel gear on the rotating rod 116 then meshes with the driven bevel gear 115 on the side of the roller 114, causing each roller 114 to rotate in the same direction. When the simulation coupling unit 2 is placed above the rollers 114, the rollers 114 rotate and contact the bottom of the simulation box 21, driving the simulation box 21 to slide horizontally.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the slope simulation component 22 is installed inside the simulation box 21. Symmetrically arranged second limiting strips 211 are provided on both sides of the simulation box 21, and the first limiting strip 113 is adapted to the second limiting strips 211. A contact strip 212 is provided at the bottom of the second limiting strip 211. A plurality of eccentric cams 213 are provided on the rotating rod 116. When the rotating rod 116 rotates, the eccentric cams 213 periodically abut and lift the contact strips 212, forcing the simulation box 21 to generate reciprocating vibration excitation in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, when the rotating rod 116 rotates under the drive of the motor 118, the eccentric cams 213 fixed on the rotating rod 116 rotate with the rotating rod 116. Their protruding parts periodically lift the contact strips 212 on both sides of the bottom of the simulation box 21, forcing the simulation box 21 to generate reciprocating vibration excitation in the vertical direction. When the cam rotates to the concave part, the simulation box 21 falls back due to its own weight, forming continuous vertical vibration, simulating vertical vibration under aftershock. At the same time, the second limiting strips 211 on both sides of the simulation box 21 are adapted to the first limiting strip 113 on the vibration generating seat 11, forming a guiding constraint in the horizontal direction. The purpose is to restrict the simulation box 21 from detaching from the base, so that the simulation box 21 can generate autonomous lateral displacement in response to the horizontal force while bearing vertical vibration, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the progressive instability evolution of the slope under complex aftershock conditions.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8, the slope simulation component 22 includes a top plate 221 and several movable units connected end to end. The top plate 221 is fixedly installed on the simulation box 21. The movable unit includes two parallel telescopic plates 222 and two pairs of cross rods 223 arranged on both sides of the telescopic plates 222. Support rods 224 are hinged to the middle of both sides of the top plate 221, and the free ends of the support rods 224 are hinged to the cross rods 223.

[0061] In this embodiment, multiple active units are hinged end to end to form a continuous slope, as shown in Figure 9. Soil and rock are placed on the slope to simulate the changes in soil and rock caused by the slope gradient change under vibration. When the simulation box 21 and the slope simulation component 22 move to the left, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, when the actuator 3 is stretched by the horizontal displacement of the slope simulation component 22, it pushes the hinge point of the cross rod 223 to rotate, causing the telescopic plate 222 to extend along the length direction. At the same time, the support rods 224 on both sides of the top plate 221 change their inclination angle as the cross rod 223 rotates. This linkage mechanism makes the included angle of the cross rods 223 of adjacent active units smaller, and the overall slope gradient decreases, thereby realizing a continuous gradual change in slope from steep to gentle (the steep state in Figure 7 changes to the gentle state in Figure 8).

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the telescopic plate 222 includes a first plate body 2221 and a second plate body 2222. A water flow cavity is formed in the first plate body 2221, and the second plate body 2222 is slidably connected in the water flow cavity. One end of the second plate body 2222 extends out of the first plate body 2221 and is hinged to the adjacent first plate body 2221. When the simulation box 21 slides to the left on the roller 114, the second plate body 2222 slides in the first body to complete the change of slope.

[0063] The static mounting base 12 includes a base 121 and a side seat 122. The base 121 is fixedly connected to two seat bodies 111, and the side seat 122 is fixedly mounted on the base 121. One end of the drive box is hinged to the side seat 122. In a preferred embodiment, a spray plate 4 is provided on the top of the simulation box 21. A spray chamber 41 is opened in the spray plate 4. Several spray holes 42 communicating with the spray chamber 41 are provided on the bottom of the spray plate 4. A water supply pipe is provided on the spray plate 4 and is connected to the spray chamber 41. The water supply pipe is used to supply water to the spray chamber 41. However, the water supply pipe used in this embodiment increases the water pressure in the spray chamber 41 by a certain amount. A water reducing pipe 6 is connected to the spray chamber 41, and the other end of the water reducing pipe 6 is connected to the first water chamber 312. As the slope simulation component 22 gradually transitions from steep (Figure 7) to gentle (Figure 8), the drive actuator 3 is stretched, causing the volume of its internal first water chamber 312 to increase, generating negative pressure. This pressure actively draws water from the spray chamber 41 through the water-reducing pipe 6, thereby automatically reducing the rainfall intensity of the spray plate 4. This dynamic adjustment conforms to the hydrological response law of real landforms. In nature, steep slopes have fast surface runoff velocity and short rainwater retention time, easily leading to concentrated erosion; while as the slope becomes gentler, the runoff velocity slows down, rainwater infiltrates, the surface catchment area relatively expands, and the perceived rainfall intensity per unit area weakens. This embodiment automatically matches the hydrological condition changes caused by the gradual slope transition through a slope-rainfall linkage mechanism, avoiding the excessive water accumulation distortion that may occur on gentle slopes when the rainfall is fixed in traditional experiments. On steep slopes, heavy rainfall mainly causes surface erosion and shallow slippage; when the slope becomes gentler and the rainfall weakens simultaneously, the experiment can more realistically simulate the process of rainwater slowly infiltrating deeper. This helps to study how slope adjustment changes the pore water pressure transmission path and whether reduced rainfall slows down the saturation and softening process of weak interlayers in soil and rock. This dynamic coupling cannot be achieved by traditional fixed rainfall tests, which cause excessive water accumulation in gentle slope areas, resulting in distortion. This mechanism accurately restores the physical correlation between slope evolution and hydrological response, avoiding the destruction of the authenticity of the disaster process by artificial intervention, and revealing the coupling mechanism of "slope easing-seepage field redistribution-stability feedback" (such as the impact of rainwater slow infiltration into deeper areas on the pore water pressure transmission path and the saturation process of weak interlayers), significantly improving the authenticity of multi-field coupling tests.

[0064] On the other hand, this application also proposes a multi-coupling simulation test method for slopes under vibration, which uses the aforementioned multi-coupling simulation test device for slope wind erosion, and further includes the following steps:

[0065] S1: Install a data acquisition system in the simulation box 21. The data acquisition system includes a laser displacement sensor, a water pressure sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a vibration sensor. Connect the data acquisition system to the computer and debug it to ensure that the device is operating normally. Set the slope simulation component 22 to be initially in a steep state.

[0066] Four sets of laser displacement sensors are installed at intervals on the inner sidewall of the simulation chamber 21. Two sets are horizontal to monitor the lateral displacement of the slope simulation component 22, and the other two sets are vertical to monitor the slope change angle. Three sets of soil moisture sensors are buried at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope simulation component 22 to monitor moisture changes at different locations. A wind speed sensor is installed at the airflow hole 2112 of the airflow dispersion chamber 2111 to record the speed of the wind erosion airflow. A vibration sensor is installed at the contact strip 212 at the bottom of the simulation chamber 21 to collect vibration parameters. All electronic components are connected to a data acquisition unit via data cables. The data acquisition unit is connected to a computer, and parameter calibration is performed through computer software to ensure that each sensor is working properly. At the same time, the operating status of the motor 118 of the vibration generator 11 and the extension and retraction of the drive actuator 3 are checked to ensure that the initial slope of the slope simulation component 22 is in the set steep state.

[0067] S2: Layer soil and rock mass is laid on the surface of slope simulation component 22. Spraying is turned on to moisten the soil and rock mass, and the moisture distribution is monitored. Layer soil and rock mass is laid on the surface of the active unit of slope simulation component 22: the bottom layer uses crushed stone with a particle size of 3 to 6 mm (15 cm thick) to simulate rock strata; the middle layer is sandy loam (25 cm thick); and the top layer is topsoil (10 cm thick). The compaction degree is controlled during each layer. The water supply pipe of the spray plate 4 is turned on, and the initial water supply pressure is adjusted to make the rainfall intensity of the spray holes 42 15 L / h. Spraying continues for 20 minutes to initially moisten the soil and rock mass. During this period, the moisture distribution is monitored using a soil moisture sensor to ensure that the model meets the initial experimental conditions.

[0068] S3: Start motor 118 to generate horizontal and vertical coupled vibration in simulation box 21. Start motor 118 of vibration generator 11, and set vibration parameters through computer: motor 118 drives drive sprocket 119 to rotate, which drives rod 116 to rotate via chain transmission. Driven bevel gear meshes with driven bevel gear 115 to drive roller 114 to rotate. Vertically, the reciprocating vibration generated by the rotation of eccentric cam 213 forces simulation box 21 to move horizontally to the left. At the same time, eccentric cam 213 periodically lifts contact bar 212, causing simulation box 21 to generate vertical vibration. Vibration sensor provides real-time feedback on vibration.

[0069] S4: The movement of the simulation box 21 stretches the drive actuator 3, causing the slope gradient to decrease from steep to gentle. Simultaneously, air is sprayed through the airflow hole 2112 to simulate wind erosion, adjust the spray intensity, and monitor water pressure fluctuations. When the simulation box 21 moves to the left (away from the static fixed seat 12) during horizontal vibration, the drive actuator 3 is stretched, the push rod drives the slip ring to move, stretching the first spring. At the same time, it forces the cross rods 223 of the slope simulation component 22 to rotate, the telescopic plate 222 extends, the angle between adjacent cross rods 223 decreases, and the slope gradually decreases from the initial steep state of 35° to 10° (the angle change is monitored by the laser displacement sensor). During this process, the gas in the first air chamber 311 enters the airflow dispersion chamber 2111 through the air pipe 5 and is then sprayed out from the airflow hole 2112 to simulate wind erosion on the slope. The wind speed sensor records the real-time wind speed. At the same time, the volume of the first water chamber 312 increases, generating negative pressure. Water is drawn from the spray chamber 41 through the water reduction pipe 6, reducing the rainfall intensity of the spray plate 4.

[0070] S5: Collect data, analyze multi-field coupling patterns, and clean and reset the device after the experiment.

[0071] The data acquisition unit simultaneously records displacement and slope change data from the laser displacement sensor, water pressure data from the water pressure sensor, moisture data from the soil moisture sensor, wind speed data from the wind speed sensor, and vibration data from the vibration sensor. Computer software is used to analyze the data to study the slope's response under the coupled effects of multiple fields: vibration, gradual slope change, wind erosion, and rainfall, such as the influence of slope change on the degree of wind erosion and water infiltration. After the experiment, motor 118 and the water supply pipe are turned off, the components are cleaned, and the experiment is repeated multiple times to complete the test.

[0072] This application integrates horizontal-vertical coupled vibration and autonomous displacement functions. Using roller 114 to drive the simulation box 21 to slide horizontally, combined with the lifting action of eccentric cam 213 to synchronously generate vertical vibration, it reproduces the progressive movement and vertical swaying effect of the slope during aftershocks. When the slope changes from steep to gentle, the actuator 3 extends, simultaneously increasing the negative pressure in the first water chamber 312. Water is then autonomously drawn from the spray chamber 41 via the reducing pipe 6 to reduce rainfall intensity, thus constructing a closed loop of "slope easing → seepage field evolution → rainfall adaptation". Hydrological feedback solves the distortion problem caused by fixed rainfall in traditional experiments, which leads to water accumulation on gentle slopes. At the same time, it converts the mechanical energy of gradual slope change into wind erosion power. By compressing the first air chamber 311 through the push rod, the airflow is injected into the airflow dispersion chamber 2111 through the air pipe 5, realizing the integrated coordination of "displacement-slope change-airflow". It can dynamically simulate the slope wind erosion and soil transport effect without the need for an external wind source. It solves the technical problem that existing technologies cannot synchronously couple slope slippage under seismic vibration, slope evolution from steep to gentle slope, and wind field coordination.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-coupled simulation test device for slope wind erosion, characterized in that, include: The simulation coupling unit (2), the base system (1), and the drive actuator (3) are included. The base system (1) includes a vibration generator (11) and a static fixed base (12) connected to each other. An air pipe (5) is connected to the drive actuator (3). The simulation coupling unit (2) includes a simulation box (21) and a slope simulation component (22). An airflow dispersion chamber (2111) is provided on the side of the simulation box (21) away from the static fixed base (12). Several airflow holes communicating with the airflow dispersion chamber (2111) are provided on the simulation box (21). 2112), the airflow dispersion chamber (2111) is connected to the air pipe (5), and the air outlet of the airflow hole (2112) faces the slope simulation component (22); the two ends of the drive actuator (3) are respectively hinged to the static fixed base (12) and the slope simulation component (22); when the slope simulation component (22) moves away from the static fixed base (12) during horizontal displacement, the drive actuator (3) forces the slope simulation component (22) to rotate through extension movement, so that the slope of the slope simulation component (22) changes from the initial steep state. The dynamic transition to a gentle state is achieved, while the airflow in the drive actuator (3) is blown towards the slope simulation component (22) through the air pipe (5) to simulate airflow erosion of the slope; the drive actuator (3) includes a drive box, a slip ring and a push rod, the slip ring is sealed and slidably connected in the drive box, the push rod is fixedly set on one side of the slip ring, the slip ring divides the drive box into a first air chamber (311) and a first water chamber (312), the drive box is provided with a first air hole (313) communicating with the first air chamber (311), and the air pipe (5) Installed on the first air hole (313); the slope simulation component (22) includes a top plate (221) and several movable units connected end to end. The top plate (221) is fixedly installed on the simulation box (21). The movable unit includes two telescopic plates (222) and two cross rods (223) that are hinged to each other. Support rods (224) are hinged to the middle of both sides of the top plate (221). The free end of the support rod (224) is hinged to the end of the cross rod (223). The left end of the push rod extends out of the drive box and is hinged to the cross rod (223).

2. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data acquisition system, which is installed in the simulation coupling unit (2) to monitor the state of the slope in real time during the simulation process and collect data information generated during the test.

3. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vibration generating base (11) includes two base bodies (111) and a cover plate (112) disposed on the two base bodies (111). A first limiting strip (113) is disposed on each of the two base bodies (111). Several rollers (114) are rotatably disposed on each of the base bodies (111). A driven bevel gear (115) is disposed on one side of each roller (114). Rotating rods (116) are rotatably disposed on each of the two base bodies (111). A driving bevel gear is disposed on each rotating rod (116). The driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear (115). The two rotating rods (116)... A connecting shaft (117) is connected between the two rotating rods (116), and the two rotating rods (116) rotate synchronously through the connecting shaft (117); a motor (118) is provided on one side of the base (111), and the output shaft of the motor (118) is connected to a drive sprocket (119). A driven sprocket is provided on one of the rotating rods (116), and a chain is provided between the drive sprocket (119) and the driven sprocket; when the simulation coupling unit (2) is placed above the roller (114), the roller (114) rotates and contacts the bottom of the simulation box (21), driving the simulation box (21) to slide in the horizontal direction.

4. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulation box (21) is provided with symmetrical second limiting strips (211) on both sides, and the first limiting strip (113) is adapted to the second limiting strip (211); the bottom of the second limiting strip (211) is provided with a contact strip (212), and the rotating rod (116) is provided with a plurality of eccentric cams (213). When the rotating rod (116) rotates, the eccentric cams (213) periodically abut and lift the contact strips (212), forcing the simulation box (21) to generate reciprocating vibration excitation in the vertical direction.

5. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic plate (222) includes a first plate body (2221) and a second plate body (2222). The second plate body (2222) is slidably connected to the first plate body (2221), and one end of the second plate body (2222) extends out of the first plate body (2221) and is hinged to the adjacent first plate body (2221).

6. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The static fixed base (12) includes a base (121) and a side seat (122). The base (121) is fixedly connected to the two seats (111). The side seat (122) is fixedly installed on the base (121). One end of the drive box is hinged to the side seat (122).

7. The slope wind erosion multi-coupling simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the simulation box (21) is provided with a spray plate (4), and a spray chamber (41) is opened in the spray plate (4). The bottom of the spray plate (4) is provided with a plurality of spray holes (42) connected to the spray chamber (41). A water supply pipe is provided on the spray plate (4) and the water supply pipe is connected to the spray chamber (41) for supplying water to the spray chamber (41). The spray chamber (41) is connected to a water reducing pipe (6), and the other end of the water reducing pipe (6) is connected to the first water chamber (312).

8. A multi-coupling simulation test method for slopes under vibration, characterized in that, Using the slope wind erosion multi-coupled simulation test device as described in any one of claims 1-7, it is also possible to Includes the following steps: S1: Install laser displacement sensor, water pressure sensor, soil moisture sensor, wind speed sensor and vibration sensor in simulation box (21), connect and debug the data acquisition system to the computer, and set the slope simulation component (22) to be initially steep; S2: Lay soil and rock in layers on the surface of slope simulation component (22), and turn on the spray to moisten the soil and rock; S3: Start the motor (118) to make the simulation box (21) generate horizontal and vertical coupled vibration; S4: Move the simulation box (21) to stretch the drive actuator (3), and the slope gradient changes from steep to gentle. Simultaneously, air is sprayed through the airflow hole (2112) to simulate wind erosion; S5: Collect data, analyze the multi-field coupling law, and clean and reset after the test.

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