Continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking, and relates to the technical field of photo-thermal methane cracking. The device comprises a reaction box, wherein two sides of the reaction box are respectively connected with a gas inlet unit and a gas outlet unit; a crawler-type reaction platform is horizontally arranged in the reaction box; an automatic feeding unit and a transparent quartz window are sequentially arranged at the top of the reaction box in the gas conveying direction; a product collecting unit is arranged at the bottom of the reaction box; the device further comprises a vacuumizing unit. According to the continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking, dynamic and continuous conveying and output of a catalyst and a solid carbon product are achieved through integrated automatic feeding and discharging, so that it is guaranteed that the reaction device can stably run for a long time, and then the bottleneck of industrial application of the technology is broken through.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photo-thermal methane cracking, and particularly relates to a continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as the most potential clean energy in the 21st century due to its high energy density and the only water as combustion product. Under the wave of global energy structure transformation to low carbonization, hydrogen energy economy has become an important trend for future development. Consequently, the global demand for hydrogen will show explosive growth. Therefore, how to realize efficient and clean production and high-purity separation of hydrogen has become a key technical bottleneck restricting large-scale application of hydrogen energy.

[0003] Among many hydrogen production technologies, methane conversion technology is the current industrial mainstream. However, the traditional thermal catalytic method, such as steam reforming or dry reforming of methane, will produce a large amount of carbon-containing by-products such as carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2) while producing hydrogen. This not only increases the complexity and cost of subsequent hydrogen purification, but also contradicts the original intention of clean energy due to carbon emissions.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the methane direct cracking technology emerges as the times require. This technology can directly decompose methane into hydrogen and solid carbon, theoretically realizing zero emission of greenhouse gases, and the product carbon itself has commercial value, which is an extremely attractive technical path. In particular, the new method combining methane cracking with photo-thermal catalysis can utilize solar energy to realize cracking reaction at a lower temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption and achieving the balance between economy and environmental protection in industrial application.

[0005] However, the photo-thermal methane cracking technology still faces a severe challenge in its industrial application: during the reaction process, the solid carbon product will irreversibly generate, accumulate and mix with the catalyst particles on the surface of the catalyst. With the progress of the reaction, this mixture will gradually cover the active sites of the catalyst and eventually cause the blockage of the reactor flow channel or reaction bed, so that the reaction cannot continue. Therefore, how to dynamically and continuously remove the carbon product mixed with the catalyst from the reaction device while supplementing fresh catalyst, so as to realize the long-term stable operation of the entire reaction system, has become a key technical problem that needs to be solved but has not been effectively tackled in the field.

[0006] Most of the existing research devices still remain in the intermittent or batch reaction mode, which cannot solve the fundamental contradiction between catalyst deactivation and reactor blockage, and seriously restricts the industrialization process of the technology. Therefore, developing a photo-thermal methane cracking reaction device capable of realizing continuous and dynamic feeding and discharging of catalyst and solid product is crucial for promoting the practicality of the technology. SUMMARY

[0007] The application aims to provide a continuous reaction device suitable for photothermal methane cracking, which realizes dynamic and continuous transportation and output of catalyst and solid carbon product through integrated automatic feeding and discharging, thereby ensuring long-term stable operation of the reaction device and breaking through the bottleneck of industrial application of the technology.

[0008] The technical scheme for solving the above technical problem is: a continuous reaction device suitable for photothermal methane cracking, comprising a horizontally arranged reaction box, one side of the reaction box being connected with a gas inlet unit for inputting argon and methane, and the other side being connected with a gas outlet unit for outputting argon, unreacted methane and hydrogen; a caterpillar type reaction platform capable of rotating up and down and having an upper surface moving along the gas conveying direction is horizontally arranged in the reaction box; a transparent quartz window through which light passes is arranged on the top of the reaction box along the gas conveying direction, and an automatic feeding unit for conveying catalyst to the upper surface of the caterpillar type reaction platform is arranged in sequence; and a product collection unit for collecting carbon product on the caterpillar type reaction platform is arranged at the bottom of the reaction box. The device further comprises a vacuum pumping unit for pumping air in the device.

[0009] As a further improvement of the application, the automatic feeding unit comprises a screw feeding pipe arranged obliquely and having a lower discharging end extending above the upper surface of the caterpillar type reaction platform, the upper feeding end of the screw feeding pipe being connected with a lower part of a catalyst box, and a stirring mechanism being arranged in the catalyst box; and a feeding pipe valve is further arranged at the connection between the screw feeding pipe and the catalyst box.

[0010] As a further improvement of the application, the product collection unit comprises a product discharge pipe arranged obliquely and having an upper end nozzle facing the output end of the upper surface of the caterpillar type reaction platform, a product box being connected with the lower end nozzle of the product discharge pipe, and a discharge pipe valve being further arranged on the product discharge pipe.

[0011] As a further improvement of the application, a scraper is vertically arranged on the side of the caterpillar type reaction platform away from the upper end nozzle of the product discharge pipe, and the upper edge of the scraper is in contact with the lower surface of the caterpillar type reaction platform.

[0012] As a further improvement of the application, the vacuum pumping unit comprises a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump being connected with the reaction box, the catalyst box and the product box through vacuum pipes, and vacuum pipe valves being arranged on the vacuum pipes.

[0013] As a further improvement of the application, a pressure recovery pipe is connected with the catalyst box and the product box, and a manual ball valve is arranged on the pressure recovery pipe.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, the gas inlet unit comprises a methane gas cylinder and an argon gas cylinder, the output end of the methane gas cylinder is connected with the reaction box through a methane gas inlet pipe, and the methane gas inlet pipe is sequentially provided with an inlet valve a and a methane flow meter along the gas conveying direction; the output end of the argon gas cylinder is connected with the reaction box through an argon gas inlet pipe, and the argon gas inlet pipe is sequentially provided with an inlet valve b and an argon flow meter along the gas conveying direction.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, the gas outlet unit comprises a gas outlet pipe connected with the reaction box at the gas inlet end, and the gas outlet pipe is sequentially provided with a gas outlet flow meter and a gas outlet valve along the gas conveying direction.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, the gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe is connected with the gas inlet end of the gas separator, the hydrogen gas outlet end of the gas separator is connected with a hydrogen gas output pipe, and the hydrogen gas output pipe is sequentially provided with a hydrogen gas output valve and a hydrogen gas flow meter along the gas conveying direction; the mixed gas output end of the gas separator is connected with the gas input side of the reaction box through a reflux pipe, and the reflux pipe is sequentially provided with a reflux pipe on-off valve, a reflux pipe one-way valve and a reflux flow meter along the gas conveying direction.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present application, the reaction box is further provided with a pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure thereof.

[0018] Advantages Compared with the prior art, the continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking has the following advantages: 1. Real continuous production is realized: through the collaborative design of “caterpillar type reaction platform + automatic feeding + product collection”, the present application realizes the dynamic and continuous feeding and discharging of catalyst and solid product in the field of photo-thermal methane cracking for the first time. The reaction, feeding and discharging can be carried out simultaneously, which fundamentally solves the problem of reactor blockage caused by carbon product accumulation, enables the device to run uninterruptedly for a long time, and lays a solid foundation for industrialization; 2. High reaction efficiency and stability: the caterpillar type reaction platform moves at a constant speed to ensure that the catalyst thereon can uniformly and fully receive light, and the reaction conditions are stable. At the same time, the catalyst and carbon product after reaction are removed in time, and fresh catalyst is supplemented, which maintains the high efficiency of the catalyst and improves the overall hydrogen production efficiency and the stability of the reaction; 3. High resource utilization rate, economic and environmentally friendly: through the integration of gas separation and reflux system, the unreacted methane and argon carrier gas are recycled back to the reactor for reuse, which greatly reduces the consumption and emission of raw gas and improves the economic efficiency of the process. At the same time, methane cracking only produces hydrogen and high-value solid carbon, without carbon dioxide emission, which is a truly clean and efficient hydrogen production path; 4. Safe and reliable operation: The complete device is equipped with a perfect vacuum pumping and inert gas replacement system, which ensures that the reaction is always carried out in an oxygen-free environment, effectively preventing the risk of explosion caused by the mixing of methane, hydrogen and air, and has high safety in operation; 5. High degree of automation: The whole process of feeding, reaction, discharging, gas separation and circulation can be automatically controlled, reducing the labor intensity and human error, and being conducive to realizing intelligent production on a large scale and in an integrated manner.

[0019] The present application will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are used to explain embodiments of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and all other drawings obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor based on these drawings also belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the present application.

[0022] Wherein: 1-reaction box; 11-transparent quartz window; 12-caterpillar type reaction platform; 13-pressure gauge; 14-scraper; 2-screw feeding pipe; 21-catalyst box; 22-feeding pipe valve; 3-product discharge pipe; 31-product box; 32-discharge pipe valve; 4-vacuum pump; 41-vacuum pipe; 42-vacuum pipe valve; 5-methane gas cylinder; 51-methane gas inlet pipe; 52-inlet valve a; 53-methane flow meter; 6-argon gas cylinder; 61-argon gas inlet pipe; 62-inlet valve b; 63-argon flow meter; 7-outlet pipe; 71-outlet flow meter; 72-outlet valve; 8-gas separator; 81-reflux pipe; 82-reflux flow meter; 83-reflux pipe check valve; 84-reflux pipe on-off valve; 85-hydrogen output pipe; 86-hydrogen flow meter; 87-hydrogen output valve; 9-handball valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the following will further illustrate the present application in conjunction with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected; of course, it can also be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; in addition, it can also be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Embodiments of the present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Embodiments: The specific embodiments of the present application are shown as Figure 1 A continuous reaction device suitable for photo-thermal methane cracking, the core of the device is to realize the continuous supply of catalyst and the continuous output of solid product through a set of mechanical transmission and pipeline system, so as to ensure the continuous reaction. In this embodiment, the catalyst uses the nickel-cobalt-based photo-thermal catalyst disclosed in the Chinese patent "A nickel-cobalt-based photo-thermal catalyst, a preparation method and an application" with patent number 202411006509.7.

[0027] The device includes a horizontally arranged stainless steel reaction box 1. One side of the reaction box 1 is connected with a gas inlet unit for inputting argon and methane, and the other side is connected with a gas outlet unit for outputting argon, unreacted methane and hydrogen. A caterpillar type reaction platform 12 driven by a motor and a transmission gear is horizontally installed in the reaction box 1. The caterpillar can rotate up and down, and its upper surface moves from the gas inlet unit side to the gas outlet unit side, serving as a carrier for the catalyst to perform photo-thermal reaction.

[0028] On the top of the reaction box 1, an automatic feeding unit and a transparent quartz window 11 are arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction. The automatic feeding unit is used to uniformly spread the catalyst on the moving caterpillar platform; the transparent quartz window 11 is made of high-purity quartz, which allows the light of the sun or a simulated sun light source (such as a xenon lamp) to efficiently penetrate and irradiate on the caterpillar surface covered with catalyst, providing energy for the methane cracking reaction.

[0029] The specific structure of the automatic feeding unit is as follows: it includes an inclined screw feeding pipe 2, the lower discharge end of which extends above the upper surface of the caterpillar type reaction platform 12. The upper feeding end of the screw feeding pipe 2 is connected with the lower part of a catalyst tank 21. The catalyst tank 21 is provided with a stirring paddle as a stirring mechanism to prevent the catalyst particles from bridging or clogging. At the connection between the catalyst tank 21 and the screw feeding pipe 2, a feeding pipe valve 22 is installed to control the opening and closing of the feeding passage.

[0030] At the bottom of the reaction box 1, a product collecting unit is provided for collecting the carbon product on the caterpillar reaction platform 12. The unit includes an obliquely arranged product discharge pipe 3, the upper end of which is directed to the end of the upper run of the caterpillar reaction platform 12 (i.e. the output end) to receive the solid carbon product mixed with catalyst which falls off by itself after the reaction is completed. The lower end of the product discharge pipe 3 is connected to a product box 31, and a discharge pipe valve 32 is installed on the product discharge pipe 3. To ensure that the residues adhering to the caterpillar are completely removed, a scraper 14 is vertically installed on the product discharge pipe 3 at the upper end thereof, away from the caterpillar reaction platform 12. The upper edge of the scraper 14 is in close contact with the lower surface of the caterpillar reaction platform 12, and as the caterpillar rotates, it can scrape off the product which fails to fall off by itself and drop into the product box 31 through the product discharge pipe 3.

[0031] To ensure that the reaction is safely carried out in an oxygen-free environment, the device is equipped with a vacuum pumping unit. The unit includes a vacuum pump 4 which is connected to the reaction box 1, the catalyst box 21 and the product box 31 through vacuum pipes 41 respectively. Each vacuum pipe 41 is provided with an independent vacuum pipe valve 42 so that independent or combined vacuum pumping operations can be carried out on the parts.

[0032] To facilitate the introduction of inert gas into the catalyst box 21 and the product box 31 after vacuum pumping to restore normal pressure, so as to carry out the operations of adding and removing materials, a pressure restoring pipe is connected to each of the two boxes, and a manual ball valve 9 is provided on the pressure restoring pipe.

[0033] The gas inlet unit includes a methane gas cylinder 5 and an argon gas cylinder 6. The output end of the methane gas cylinder 5 is connected to the reaction box 1 through a methane gas inlet pipe 51, and along the gas conveying direction, an inlet valve a 52 and a methane flow meter 53 are provided in sequence on the pipe for accurately controlling the input of methane. The output end of the argon gas cylinder 6 is connected to the reaction box 1 through an argon gas inlet pipe 61, and along the argon gas inlet pipe 61, an inlet valve b 62 and an argon flow meter 63 are provided in sequence for providing an inert reaction atmosphere and participating in gas circulation.

[0034] The gas outlet unit comprises a gas outlet pipe 7 connected to the gas inlet end of the reaction box 1. The gas outlet pipe 7 is provided with a gas outlet flow meter 71 and a gas outlet valve 72 in sequence along the gas conveying direction. The gas outlet end of the gas outlet pipe 7 is connected to the gas inlet end of a gas separator 8. The gas separator 8 (which can adopt pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation and other technologies) can separate the mixed gas (argon, unreacted methane and hydrogen) after reaction. The hydrogen outlet end of the gas separator 8 is connected to a hydrogen output pipe 85, which is provided with a hydrogen output valve 87 and a hydrogen flow meter 86 in sequence, for outputting high-purity hydrogen product. The mixed gas output end of the gas separator 8 (mainly unreacted methane and argon) is connected to the gas input side of the reaction box 1 through a reflux pipe 81, realizing gas circulation. The reflux pipe 81 is provided with a reflux pipe switch valve 84, a reflux pipe check valve 83 and a reflux flow meter 82 in sequence along the gas conveying direction. The reflux pipe check valve 83 is used to prevent the gas in the reaction box from flowing backward.

[0035] In addition, a pressure gauge 13 is also installed on the reaction box 1 to monitor the pressure state inside the reactor in real time, ensuring the safety of operation.

[0036] The working process of the device is as follows: Initial preparation and replacement: close the feed pipe valve 22 and the discharge pipe valve 32, open all the vacuum pipe valves 42, start the vacuum pump 4, and vacuumize the reaction box 1, the catalyst box 21 and the product box 31. Then close the vacuumizing unit, and fill argon into the reaction box 1 through the argon inlet pipe 61, repeat several times to completely remove air. At the same time, the two boxes are replaced with argon through the manual ball valve 9.

[0037] Start reaction: add sufficient catalyst to the catalyst box 21. Open the feed pipe valve 22, start the drive motor of the screw feed pipe 2 and the caterpillar reaction platform 12, and evenly spread the catalyst on the moving caterpillar. At the same time, open the inlet valves of methane and argon, and pass the reaction gas into the reaction box 1 in proportion. The light source shines on the catalyst through the transparent quartz window 11, initiating the photo-thermal methane cracking reaction to generate hydrogen and solid carbon.

[0038] Continuous operation: the waste catalyst and carbon product after reaction move to the end of the caterpillar, fall off or are scraped off by the scraper 14, and are collected into the product box 31 through the product discharge pipe 3. At the same time, fresh catalyst is continuously supplemented to the caterpillar from the top, realizing dynamic balance.

[0039] Product treatment: the mixed gas generated by the reaction enters the gas separator 8 through the gas outlet pipe 7. The separated high-purity hydrogen is collected and utilized; the separated unreacted methane and argon return to the reaction box 1 through the reflux pipe 81 to participate in the reaction again, improving the utilization rate of raw materials.

[0040] Material replenishment and removal: When it is necessary to replenish the catalyst or empty the solid products, the feed pipe valve 22 or the discharge pipe valve 32 can be closed to isolate the material tank from the reaction system. Then, argon gas is introduced into the material tank through the manual ball valve 9 to restore atmospheric pressure, and safe operation can then be carried out. After the operation is completed, the vacuum is evacuated again to restore atmospheric pressure, and the valve can be opened to reconnect to the system.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this device are as follows: Through the synergistic design of a "tracked reaction platform 12 + automatic feeding + product collection", dynamic and continuous feeding and discharging of catalyst and solid products has been achieved for the first time in the field of photothermal methane cracking. The reaction, feeding, and discharging can be carried out simultaneously, fundamentally solving the reactor blockage problem caused by carbon product accumulation, enabling the unit to operate continuously for a long time, and laying a solid foundation for industrial scale-up.

[0042] The tracked reaction platform 12 moves at a constant speed, ensuring that the catalyst on it receives uniform and sufficient light, and that the reaction conditions are stable. Simultaneously, the catalyst and carbon products after the reaction are promptly removed, and fresh catalyst is replenished, maintaining the catalyst's high efficiency and thus improving the overall hydrogen production efficiency and reaction stability.

[0043] By integrating a gas separation and reflux system, unreacted methane and carrier argon are recycled back to the reactor for reuse, significantly reducing the consumption and emissions of raw material gases and improving the process's economic efficiency. Simultaneously, methane cracking produces only hydrogen and high-value solid carbon, with no carbon dioxide emissions, making it a truly clean and efficient hydrogen production route.

[0044] The entire device is equipped with a complete vacuum and inert gas replacement system to ensure that the reaction always takes place in an oxygen-free environment, effectively preventing the risk of explosion that may be caused by the mixing of methane, hydrogen and air, and ensuring high operational safety.

[0045] The entire process of feeding, reaction, discharging, gas separation and circulation can be automated, reducing the intensity of manual operation and human error, and facilitating large-scale, integrated intelligent production.

[0046] The present invention has been described above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed above, but should cover various modifications and equivalent combinations made in accordance with the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous reaction apparatus suitable for photothermal methane cracking, characterized in that, The reaction chamber (1) is horizontally arranged. One side of the reaction chamber (1) is connected to an inlet unit for inputting argon and methane gas, and the other side is connected to an outlet unit for outputting argon, unreacted methane gas, and hydrogen gas. A tracked reaction platform (12) that can rotate up and down and whose upper surface moves along the gas conveying direction is horizontally arranged inside the reaction chamber (1). The top of the reaction chamber (1) is arranged in sequence along the gas conveying direction as follows: an automatic feeding unit for conveying catalyst to the upper surface of the tracked reaction platform (12) and a transparent quartz window (11) for light to pass through. The bottom of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a product collection unit for collecting carbon products on the tracked reaction platform (12). It also includes a vacuum unit for evacuating air from the evacuation device.

2. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic feeding unit includes a screw feed pipe (2) that is inclined and whose lower discharge end extends to the upper surface of the tracked reaction platform (12). The upper feed end of the screw feed pipe (2) is connected to the lower part of the catalyst box (21), and the catalyst box (21) is equipped with a stirring mechanism. The connection between the screw feed pipe (2) and the catalyst box (21) is also equipped with a feed pipe valve (22).

3. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 2, characterized in that, The product collection unit includes a product discharge pipe (3) that is inclined and whose upper end is directly opposite the output end of the upper surface of the tracked reaction platform (12). The lower end of the product discharge pipe (3) is connected to a product box (31), and a discharge pipe valve (32) is also provided on the product discharge pipe (3).

4. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tracked reaction platform (12) at the upper end of the product discharge pipe (3) is vertically equipped with a scraper (14) on the side away from the product discharge pipe (3). The upper edge of the scraper (14) is in contact with the lower surface of the tracked reaction platform (12).

5. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The vacuum pump unit includes a vacuum pump (4), which is connected to the reaction chamber (1), the catalyst chamber (21) and the product chamber (31) respectively through vacuum pipes (41). Vacuum pipe valves (42) are provided on the vacuum pipes (41).

6. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the catalyst box (21) and the product box (31) are connected to pressure recovery pipes, and the pressure recovery pipes are equipped with manual ball valves (9).

7. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas inlet unit includes a methane cylinder (5) and an argon cylinder (6). The output end of the methane cylinder (5) is connected to the reaction chamber (1) through a methane inlet pipe (51), and an inlet valve a (52) and a methane flow meter (53) are sequentially provided on the methane inlet pipe (51) along the gas delivery direction. The output end of the argon cylinder (6) is connected to the reaction chamber (1) through an argon inlet pipe (61), and an inlet valve b (62) and an argon flow meter (63) are sequentially provided on the argon inlet pipe (61) along the gas delivery direction.

8. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The gas outlet unit includes a gas outlet pipe (7) connected to the gas inlet end and the reaction chamber (1). A gas outlet flow meter (71) and a gas outlet valve (72) are sequentially provided on the gas outlet pipe (7) along the gas delivery direction.

9. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outlet end of the gas pipe (7) is connected to the inlet end of the gas separator (8). The hydrogen outlet end of the gas separator (8) is connected to a hydrogen output pipe (85), and a hydrogen output valve (87) and a hydrogen flow meter (86) are sequentially provided on the hydrogen output pipe (85) along the gas conveying direction. The miscellaneous gas output end of the gas separator (8) is connected to the gas input side of the reaction tank (1) through a return pipe (81), and a return pipe switch valve (84), a return pipe check valve (83), and a return flow meter (82) are sequentially provided on the return pipe (81) along the gas conveying direction.

10. The continuous reaction apparatus for photothermal methane cracking according to claim 9, characterized in that, The reaction chamber (1) is also equipped with a pressure gauge (13) for detecting its internal pressure.

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