Multi-mode reducing tunneling method, control system and tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and provides a multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method, a control system and a tunneling machine, and the tunneling method comprises the following steps: S1, in a first-diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine performs tunneling in a first tunneling mode according to geological conditions; s2, when variable-diameter excavation is needed, a variable-diameter program is started; the tunneling mode of the tunneling machine is switched into an expanding tunneling mode; s3, the heading machine carries out tunnel expanding excavation in the expanding excavation advancing mode so as to form an installation space of a second-diameter tunnel; s4, shield body expansion is completed in the installation space; and S5, in the second-diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine conducts tunneling in a second tunneling mode according to the geological conditions. The tunneling mode can be intelligently switched according to the variable-diameter construction stage and the geological condition, all-directional self-adaption from structure variable-diameter to the tunneling mode is achieved, and the efficient and safe construction requirements of complex tunnel engineering are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method, a control system and a tunneling machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] In urban tunnel engineering construction, it is often necessary to realize construction of different diameter sections in the same tunnel line, such as the transition of the connecting section of the metro interval tunnel and the station. The traditional solution mainly relies on replacing the shield machine outside the hole or setting a working well at the variable-diameter place. These methods have long construction periods and high costs, and are often difficult to implement in urban construction due to site restrictions.

[0003] Some variable-diameter shield machine design schemes have appeared in the prior art, such as using a telescopic cutting arm or a structure of a split knife disc to realize the change of the diameter of the shield machine. However, these prior art mainly focuses on the variability of the mechanical structure, and insufficiently considers the adaptability of the tunneling mode in the variable-diameter process.

[0004] In actual construction, the tunnel line often passes through complex and variable composite strata. The small-diameter section before the variable-diameter, the variable-diameter expansion section and the large-diameter section after the variable-diameter may face completely different geological conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tunneling machine that not only realizes the variable diameter of the mechanical structure, but also switches the tunneling mode according to the geological conditions and the construction stage, to solve the technical problems faced in the in-hole variable-diameter in the composite strata. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method, which can intelligently switch the tunneling mode according to the variable-diameter construction stage and the geological conditions, and is beneficial to realize the all-around self-adaptation from the variable diameter of the structure to the tunneling mode, and meet the efficient and safe construction requirements of complex tunnel engineering.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: A multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method, comprising the following steps: S1. In a first diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine adopts a first tunneling mode for tunneling according to the geological conditions; S2. When variable-diameter excavation is needed, a variable-diameter program is started; the tunneling mode of the tunneling machine is switched to an expansion tunneling mode; S3. The tunneling machine expands the tunnel in the expansion tunneling mode to form an installation space of a second diameter tunnel; S4. In the installation space, the shield body expansion is completed; S5. In the second diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine adopts a second tunneling mode for tunneling according to the geological conditions.

[0008] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the first tunneling mode and the second tunneling mode are one of a soil pressure balance mode, a slurry balance mode and a TBM mode.

[0009] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, the overbreak tunneling mode is one of a soil pressure balance mode, a slurry balance mode and a TBM mode.

[0010] Preferably, the overbreak tunneling mode is a TBM mode.

[0011] In one preferred embodiment of the present application, when the variable-diameter program is started in step S2: If the first tunneling mode is different from the overbreak tunneling mode, the overbreak tunneling mode is switched to; If the first tunneling mode is the same as the overbreak tunneling mode, the first tunneling mode is maintained.

[0012] A second object of the present application is to provide a control system for implementing the above-mentioned tunneling method. Wherein: A control system comprising a central processing unit and a storage having the variable-diameter program stored therein; when the variable-diameter program is executed by the central processing unit, the control system controls the tunneling machine to perform the following operations: In response to a received variable-diameter program start instruction, the control system controls the tunneling machine to adopt an overbreak tunneling mode for tunnel overbreak; After confirming that the overbreak is completed, the control system controls the tunneling machine to continue tunneling according to a second tunneling mode based on the geological conditions.

[0013] A third object of the present application is to provide a tunneling machine for implementing the above-mentioned tunneling method. Wherein: A tunneling machine comprising: A cutter head; the cutter head has a variable-diameter excavation function; A multi-mode muck discharge system; the multi-mode muck discharge system is configured to switch between muck discharge paths of a first tunneling mode, an overbreak tunneling mode and a second tunneling mode in response to instructions from the control system.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-mode muck discharge system comprises a screw conveyor, a slurry circulation pipeline, a rear supporting belt conveyor and a muck transfer belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine adopts a soil pressure balance mode for tunneling, the screw conveyor and the rear supporting belt conveyor operate to discharge muck, and the muck transfer belt conveyor is stored on the rear supporting belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine adopts a TBM mode for tunneling, a center hatch is opened, the muck transfer belt conveyor is transferred to a soil bin opening, and muck is discharged through the muck transfer belt conveyor and the rear supporting belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine adopts a slurry balance mode for tunneling, the center hatch is closed, the muck transfer belt conveyor is transferred and stored on the rear supporting belt conveyor, and the soil bin is pressurized, and muck is discharged through a slurry pipeline.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: In actual construction, the tunnel line often passes through complex and variable composite strata. The small-diameter section before the variable diameter, the variable-diameter expansion section and the large-diameter section after the variable diameter may face completely different geological conditions. The existing variable-diameter scheme fails to deeply couple the intelligent decision of the tunneling mode with the variable-diameter construction process, especially in the key stage of variable-diameter expansion, lacking safe and efficient construction schemes for different geological conditions. The present application solves the safety and continuity problems of variable-diameter construction in composite strata by deeply coupling the tunneling mode switching with the variable-diameter construction process. Specifically, the variable-diameter expansion can be preferably carried out by using the TBM mode, which not only improves the expansion efficiency in hard rock strata, but also provides a safe working environment for shield assembly by utilizing the self-stability of the rock strata. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 Flowchart of the multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 Structure block diagram of the control system of the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the tunneling machine tunneling a small-diameter tunnel in earth pressure balance mode.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the tunneling machine expanding in TBM mode.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the tunneling machine tunneling a large-diameter tunnel in slurry balance mode.

[0022] Wherein: 1-variable-diameter cutterhead; 2-main drive system; 3-small shield; 4-diameter expansion assembly; 5-mud water circulation pipeline; 6-screw conveyor; 7-residue transfer belt conveyor; 8-lagging belt conveyor; 9-control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention; the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0025] Example 1 See Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method, including the following steps: S1. In the first diameter tunnel section, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) uses the first tunneling mode to excavate based on the geological conditions. The geological conditions can be identified through a sensor array.

[0026] S2. When a diameter change is required for excavation, the diameter change program is initiated. This can be done by issuing a diameter change start command through the human-machine interface, or by the control system automatically determining and issuing the command based on the geological data. Once the stage of widening excavation is confirmed, the tunneling machine switches to widening excavation mode.

[0027] S3. The tunnel boring machine performs tunnel widening excavation in the widening excavation mode to form an installation space for a second diameter tunnel.

[0028] S4. Assemble the shield body components within the installation space to complete the shield body expansion.

[0029] S5. In the second diameter tunnel section, the tunnel boring machine adopts the second tunneling mode for tunneling according to the geological conditions.

[0030] The actual tunneling modes of the first tunneling mode, the variable diameter tunneling mode, and the second tunneling mode can be all the same, all different, or partially the same. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first tunneling mode and the second tunneling mode are one of the earth pressure balance mode, the slurry balance mode, and the TBM mode.

[0031] In this embodiment, the preferred excavation mode is the TBM mode. The widening excavation stage during diameter-changing construction carries high risks; therefore, this embodiment configures the widening excavation stage using the TBM mode. Analysis revealed that the TBM mode, due to its high rock-breaking efficiency and ability to create self-stabilizing chambers within the rock strata, is the optimal or preferred mode for the widening excavation stage. Of course, if the earth pressure balance mode and slurry balance mode can achieve the same effect as the TBM mode under specific working conditions or in subsequent technological developments, they can also be used.

[0032] This invention transforms the construction environment from "unstable soft soil" to "stable rock tunnels" by switching to TBM mode during the diameter-changing and widening excavation stage, thereby providing safety guarantees for personnel and equipment. Simultaneously, it utilizes the mechanical rock-breaking capabilities of the TBM to achieve efficient tunneling. Furthermore, it solves the technical problems of poor safety, low efficiency, and discontinuous construction caused by improper selection of the excavation mode during the widening stage when performing diameter-changing tunnels in composite strata in existing technologies.

[0033] When the diameter change program is started, if the first tunneling mode is different from the expanded tunneling mode, the expanded tunneling mode is switched to; if the first tunneling mode is the same as the expanded tunneling mode, the first tunneling mode is maintained.

[0034] For example: When the first diameter tunnel section is entirely located in stable rock strata, efficient tunneling is carried out using TBM mode and a corresponding muck removal system throughout. Upon reaching the diameter change point, the TBM mode is maintained, and the diameter change procedure is initiated for enlargement excavation. After the enlargement is completed, if the second diameter tunnel section is still in rock strata, large-diameter tunneling continues using TBM mode.

[0035] When the first diameter tunnel section is in soft soil, earth pressure balance or slurry balance excavation is used. After reaching the diameter change point and entering the hard rock section, the tunnel is switched to TBM mode for safe and efficient widening. When the second diameter tunnel section is in soft soil, the tunnel is switched back to earth pressure balance or slurry balance mode for excavation.

[0036] When the first diameter tunnel section is in rock strata, TBM mode is used for excavation. The variable diameter widening section is also in rock strata, and TBM mode is maintained for widening excavation. When the second diameter tunnel section is in soft soil, the earth pressure balance mode or slurry balance mode is switched for excavation.

[0037] By deeply coupling the switching of tunneling modes with the diameter-changing construction process, a core method of "configuring the optimal tunneling mode (such as TBM mode) for the diameter-changing and widening excavation stage" was creatively proposed, solving the safety and continuity issues of diameter-changing construction in composite strata. Using TBM mode for diameter-changing and widening excavation not only improves the excavation efficiency in hard rock strata, but also provides a safe working environment for shield assembly by utilizing the self-stability of the rock strata. Through intelligent control system, the coordinated switching of multiple subsystems is realized, making the diameter-changing process automated and streamlined, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0038] Example 2 See Figure 2 This embodiment discloses a control system, including a central processing unit and a storage device storing the diameter change program; when the diameter change program is executed by the central processing unit, the tunnel boring machine is controlled to perform the following operations: in response to the received diameter change program start command, the tunnel boring machine is controlled to adopt an expansion excavation mode to expand the tunnel; after confirming that the expansion excavation is completed, the tunnel boring machine is controlled to adopt a second tunneling mode to continue tunneling according to the geological conditions.

[0039] The control system of this embodiment also includes an input layer and an execution layer, etc. The memory stores a diameter-changing program. When this program is executed by the central processing unit, the multi-mode diameter-changing tunneling method of Embodiment 1 can be implemented. For specific implementation details of the control system of this embodiment, please refer to the prior art.

[0040] Example 3 This embodiment discloses a tunneling machine, including a cutterhead 1, a multi-mode muck removal system, a main drive system 2, a small shield 3, a diameter expansion assembly 4, and a slurry circulation pipeline 5. The cutterhead 1 has a variable-diameter excavation function; the multi-mode muck removal system is configured to switch between the muck removal paths of a first tunneling mode, a diameter expansion tunneling mode, and a second tunneling mode in response to commands from the control system of Embodiment 2; the main drive system 2 drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate. The control system 9 is configured to implement the multi-mode variable-diameter tunneling method of Embodiment 1 by controlling the coordinated operation of the cutterhead 1 and the multi-mode muck removal system.

[0041] The switching between different tunneling modes of the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment can be found in existing technology, such as Chinese invention patent application publication number CN115596455A. Similarly, the tunnel diameter changing method within the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment can also be found in existing technology. Regarding the cutterhead 1 with diameter changing function, it can be an assembled diameter changing cutterhead, a cutter-switching cutterhead, etc. Specifically, the multi-mode slag removal system in this embodiment includes a screw conveyor 6, a slurry circulation pipeline 5, a downstream belt conveyor 8, and a slag transfer belt conveyor 7. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when the tunnel boring machine uses earth pressure balance mode for small-diameter tunnel excavation, the screw conveyor 6 and the rear-mounted belt conveyor 8 operate to discharge slag, and the slag transfer belt conveyor 7 stores the slag on the rear-mounted belt conveyor 8. Figure 4 As shown, when the tunneling machine uses TBM mode for expanding excavation, the central hatch is opened, and the slag conveyor belt 7 is transferred to the soil bin opening via a winch device. The slag is discharged via the slag conveyor belt 7 and the subsequent matching conveyor belt 8. Figure 5 As shown, when the tunneling machine adopts the slurry balance mode for large-diameter tunneling, the central hatch is closed, the slag conveyor belt 7 is transferred and stored on the rear supporting conveyor belt 8, and the soil chamber is pressurized, and the slag is discharged through the slurry pipeline.

[0042] Of course, the slag discharge method in this embodiment can also adopt a main slag discharge channel, which can be connected to the earth pressure chamber, slurry chamber, or TBM slag collection hopper by switching internal movable partitions or diverting valves. This design saves space and reduces system complexity. Alternatively, for projects with specific geological conditions, the slag discharge system configuration can be simplified. For example, in areas with low groundwater levels, the slurry mode can be omitted, and only a screw conveyor (earth pressure mode) and belt conveyor (TBM mode) can be configured; in areas dominated by rock strata, the earth pressure mode can be omitted, and only the slurry mode and TBM mode can be configured.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode variable diameter tunneling method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1. In a first diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine adopts a first tunneling mode to tunnel according to geological conditions; S2. When variable-diameter excavation is needed, a variable-diameter program is started, and the tunneling mode of the tunneling machine is switched to an expanded excavation tunneling mode; S3. The tunneling machine tunnels in the expanded excavation tunneling mode to form an installation space of a second diameter tunnel; S4. In the installation space, shield body expansion is completed; S5. In the second diameter tunnel section, the tunneling machine adopts a second tunneling mode to tunnel according to geological conditions.

2. The multi-mode reaming excavation method of claim 1, wherein, The first tunneling mode and the second tunneling mode are one of a soil pressure balance mode, a slurry balance mode, and a TBM mode.

3. The multi-mode reaming excavation method of claim 1, wherein, The expanded excavation tunneling mode is one of a soil pressure balance mode, a slurry balance mode, and a TBM mode.

4. The multi-mode reaming excavation method of claim 1, wherein, The expanded excavation tunneling mode is a TBM mode.

5. The multi-mode reaming excavation method of claim 1, wherein, In step S2, when the variable-diameter program is started: If the first tunneling mode is different from the expanded excavation tunneling mode, the expanded excavation tunneling mode is switched; If the first tunneling mode is the same as the expanded excavation tunneling mode, the first tunneling mode is maintained.

6. A control system for performing the multi-mode variable diameter tunneling method of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The control system comprises a central processing unit and a storage unit storing the variable-diameter program; when the variable-diameter program is executed by the central processing unit, the tunneling machine is controlled to perform the following operations: In response to a received variable-diameter program start instruction, the tunneling machine is controlled to tunnel in an expanded excavation tunneling mode; After confirming that the expanded excavation is completed, the tunneling machine is controlled to continue tunneling in a second tunneling mode according to geological conditions.

7. A heading machine characterized by The tunneling machine comprises: A cutter head; The cutter head has a variable-diameter excavation function; A multi-mode residue discharging system configured to switch between residue discharging paths of a first tunneling mode, an expanded excavation tunneling mode, and a second tunneling mode in response to instructions of the control system of claim 6.

8. A heading machine according to claim 7, characterised in that The multi-mode residue discharging system comprises a screw conveyor, a slurry circulation pipeline, a rear supporting belt conveyor, and a residue belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine tunnels in a soil pressure balance mode, the screw conveyor and the rear supporting belt conveyor operate to discharge residues, and the residue belt conveyor is stored on the rear supporting belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine tunnels in a TBM mode, a center hatch is opened, the residue belt conveyor is transferred to a soil bin opening, and residues are discharged through the residue belt conveyor and the rear supporting belt conveyor; when the tunneling machine tunnels in a slurry balance mode, the center hatch is closed, the residue belt conveyor is transferred and stored on the rear supporting belt conveyor, soil bin pressure is built, and residues are discharged through a slurry pipeline.

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