Semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board dismounting and welding changing clamp and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board welding and dismounting clamp and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electronic assembly tools. The clamp comprises a base, a circular guide rail, a support, a locking device, a pair of semi-closed lead screw module sliding tables, a pair of clamping devices, a telescopic adjusting device and a rotary adjusting device. The support is installed on the circular guide rail and can rotate in the circumferential direction, and angle positioning is achieved through the locking device. The clamping devices are arranged on the lead screw module sliding tables correspondingly, height adjustment can be achieved along with the sliding tables, one side of each clamping device is driven to rotate through a rotary adjusting device, and the other side of each clamping device conducts elastic compensation on the clamping distance in the synchronous rotating process through a telescopic adjusting device. According to the clamp, multi-dimensional adjustment of the height, angle and rotating posture of the printed circuit board can be achieved, the clamp is suitable for welding, disassembling and maintaining work of printed boards of different sizes, and the operation efficiency and the clamping stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic assembly technology, specifically to a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture and its usage method. It is applicable to manual assembly and rework operations such as soldering, disassembly, and replacement of printed circuit board components, and belongs to the tooling and fixture technology solution in the field of electronic manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] In the production and repair of printed circuit boards (PCBs), manual component insertion, soldering, and disassembly / modification still constitute a large proportion of the work. These tasks are typically characterized by high workload, repetitiveness, finesse, and high labor intensity. Especially in small-batch production or rework processes, operators need to frequently solder, disassemble, or replace PCBs with installed components, placing higher demands on clamping stability and ease of operation.

[0003] The most common operating method is to place the printed circuit board (PCB) directly on the workbench for soldering or modification. However, this method suffers from instability and slippage in practical applications. Especially when disassembling multi-pin or densely pinned components, operators often need to use both hands simultaneously, holding a soldering tool in one hand and an auxiliary tool in the other. Since the PCB itself lacks reliable fixation, it often requires assistance from others, increasing labor costs. Furthermore, due to the unstable clamping, the PCB is prone to shaking during operation, affecting soldering quality and potentially causing solder joint defects or component damage, thus reducing rework efficiency.

[0004] While existing PCB clamping fixtures can achieve a certain degree of fixation, they generally suffer from problems such as fixed clamping position, non-adjustable height, limited clamping angle, or inability to rotate the overall structure. These limitations make them unsuitable for PCBs of different sizes and structures, as well as for multi-angle and multi-station operations. In actual use, operators often need to frequently adjust their posture or re-clamp, which not only reduces work efficiency but also increases operational inconvenience and labor intensity.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a printed circuit board clamping fixture with a wide range of structural adjustments, flexible operation, and strong adaptability, which can realize multi-dimensional adjustment of the height, angle, and spatial posture of the printed circuit board to meet the welding and disassembly requirements under different process conditions, thereby improving work efficiency and stability, ensuring welding quality, and effectively reducing labor costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing printed circuit board (PCB) clamping fixtures, such as fixed clamping position, non-adjustable height, immutable clamping angle, and non-rotatable overall structure. It provides a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating PCB disassembly, reassembly, and soldering fixture and its usage method. This fixture allows for multi-dimensional adjustment of parameters such as clamping position, clamping height, and rotation angle according to the size, structure, and specific operational requirements of different PCBs. This facilitates flexible adjustment of the PCB's spatial orientation during soldering, disassembly, and repair, thereby improving operational efficiency, reducing labor intensity, and effectively ensuring soldering quality and assembly consistency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted is: a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture, comprising a base, a circular guide rail, a bracket, a locking device, a pair of semi-enclosed lead screw module slides, a pair of clamping devices, a telescopic adjustment device, and a rotation adjustment device. The circular guide rail is fixedly mounted on the base, the bracket is mounted on the circular guide rail and can rotate in the circumferential direction, and the locking device is mounted on the bracket to lock the rotational position of the bracket on the circular guide rail. The pair of semi-enclosed lead screw module slides are respectively mounted on both sides of the bracket, and the clamping devices are respectively mounted on the corresponding semi-enclosed lead screw module slides and can move vertically with the semi-enclosed lead screw module slides. One side of the clamping device is connected to the corresponding semi-enclosed lead screw module slide through the rotation adjustment device, and the other side of the clamping device is connected to the corresponding semi-enclosed lead screw module slide through the telescopic adjustment device, so that the two clamping devices rotate synchronously during rotation and can elastically compensate for the clamping gap axially.

[0008] Furthermore, the circular guide rail has a closed ring structure with a continuous slide rail surface on the outer ring. The circular guide rail also has several guide rail positioning holes for fixing the circular guide rail to the base with screws.

[0009] Furthermore, the bracket has a door frame structure, with arc-shaped feet on both sides at the bottom that match the curvature of the circular guide rail. The feet have arc-shaped grooves to enable the bracket to rotate smoothly along the circular guide rail.

[0010] Furthermore, the semi-enclosed ball screw module slide includes a column, a slide plate, a guide bar, a ball screw, a nut seat, and a lifting stepper motor. The ball screw rotates under the drive of the lifting stepper motor to drive the slide plate to move vertically along the column.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping device includes a clamping clamp, a clamping support, an adjusting support plate, a flange with a connecting plate, a spring plate, and hand-tightened knurled screws. The clamping clamp can slide within the strip-shaped guide groove of the adjusting support plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping clip is provided with a limiting slot, and a spring plate is provided in the slot to provide elastic clamping force on the edge of the inserted printed circuit board.

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic adjustment device includes a threaded flange, a support shaft, a sleeve, a sleeve cover plate, a spring, and a bearing flange. The bearing flange is fixed on the slide plate of the corresponding semi-enclosed screw module slide, and its internal bearing is used to guide the rotation of the sleeve. The support shaft is threadedly connected to the threaded flange and can generate axial displacement relative to the bearing flange under the action of the spring, which is used to achieve elastic compensation of the clamping distance during the synchronous rotation of the clamping device.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotation adjustment device includes a rotary stepper motor and a connecting flange. The output shaft of the rotary stepper motor is connected to the connecting flange via a key-pin engagement. The connecting flange is fixedly connected to the clamping device and is used to drive the corresponding side clamping device to rotate.

[0015] A method for using a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture, characterized by the following steps: The first step is to operate the control panel according to the type of printed circuit board to be soldered and the height requirements of the components, so that the slider in the semi-enclosed ball screw module slide table moves vertically to the predetermined height, and the clamping device is in the working position. The second step is to loosen the locking device on the bracket according to the angle requirements of the welding or disassembly operation, so that the bracket can rotate along the circumference of the circular guide rail. After adjusting to the required working angle, tighten the locking device to fix the bracket in the corresponding position on the circular guide rail. Third, according to the lateral dimensions of the printed circuit board, loosen and re-tighten the hand-tightened knurled screws, and adjust the lateral position of the clamping clip on the adjusting support plate; insert one edge of the printed circuit board into the limiting slot of the clamping device on one side of the rotating adjustment device, and the spring in the limiting slot applies an elastic clamping force to the edge of the printed circuit board to form an initial positioning; then push the clamping device on the side with the telescopic adjustment device to compress the spring in the telescopic adjustment device, insert the other edge of the printed circuit board into the limiting slot of the corresponding clamping clip, and after releasing, the spring rebound will continuously apply a clamping force to both edges of the printed circuit board, thereby completing the elastic compensation clamping of the printed circuit board; The fourth step involves operating the control panel to drive the rotary stepper motor of the clamping device on one side, which is equipped with the rotary adjustment device, so that the clamping device and the printed circuit board rotate around the axis. During the rotation, the sleeve in the telescopic adjustment device rotates freely in the bearing with the bearing flange, so that the clamping devices on both sides remain synchronized during the rotation. Fifth, during the welding or disassembly of components, loosen the locking device again as needed, adjust the rotation angle of the bracket relative to the circular guide rail, and then re-lock it to keep the clamped printed circuit board in the required position for operation. The sixth step is to adjust the height and angle of the printed circuit board by adjusting the semi-enclosed lead screw module slide and rotation adjustment device through the control panel as needed during the disassembly, modification and soldering process.

[0016] Furthermore, in the third step of fixing the printed circuit board, the position of the clamping clamp in the clamping device is adjusted according to the preset mounting hole position on the printed circuit board, so that the clamping post is inserted into the mounting hole of the printed circuit board. Through the insertion and cooperation of the clamping post and the mounting hole, the hole position of the printed circuit board is positioned and clamped.

[0017] This invention offers the following advantages: a robust overall structure, reliable clamping, and a simple, easy-to-manufacture component design. It enables multi-dimensional adjustment of the printed circuit board's clamping position, height, orientation, and rotation angle, adapting to printed circuit boards of different sizes and shapes to meet diverse clamping needs in various operating scenarios. Furthermore, the device's structural design incorporates ergonomic features, allowing operators to flexibly adjust the spatial position of the printed circuit board according to their personal operating habits, thereby improving work comfort and operational efficiency.

[0018] Compared with traditional printed circuit board clamping tools, this invention offers greater adjustment flexibility and stronger versatility. It is simple to operate, has a wide range of applications, and can meet both user-friendly operation needs and industrial application requirements. Furthermore, the components of this invention have relatively simple structures and lower manufacturing costs, making it suitable for standardized production and large-scale assembly, and thus possessing excellent conditions for widespread application.

[0019] This invention can effectively improve the efficiency of printed circuit board (PCB) manual insertion and soldering and component disassembly and resoldering processes, reduce the labor intensity of operators, improve soldering accuracy and rework consistency, help ensure the production rhythm and assembly quality of electronic assembly workshops, and has good application value in the field of PCB clamping and maintenance operations. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circular guide rail structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the locking device structure of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of one side of the semi-enclosed lead screw module slide table of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the slide table and the stepper motor of the semi-enclosed lead screw module of the present invention. Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the clamping device of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative structure of the guide strip and the flange with connecting plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the clamping support and spring sheet of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a front sectional view of the telescopic adjustment device of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the support shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the rotating adjustment device 9 of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a structural schematic diagram of the specific usage method of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Circular guide rail; 2-1. Rail surface; 2-2. Rail positioning hole; 3. Control panel; 4. Bracket; 4-1. Countersunk mounting screw hole; 4-2. Support leg; 4-3. Arc-shaped groove; 4-4. Rectangular protrusion; 4-5. Locking device mounting threaded hole; 5. Locking device; 5-1. Hand-tightening knob; 6. Semi-enclosed lead screw module slide; 6-1. Column; 6-2. Sliding plate; 6-3. Guide bar; 6-4. Roller 6-5. Ball screw; 6-6. Nut seat; 6-11. Lifting stepper motor; 6-12. Bracket mounting threaded hole; 6-21. Slot hole; 6-22. Clamping device mounting threaded hole; 7. Clamping device; 7-1. Clamping clamp; 7-2. Clamping support; 7-3. Adjusting support plate; 7-4. Flange with connecting plate; 7-5. Spring plate; 7-6. Hand-tightened knurled screw; 7-11. Protrusion block; 7-12. Clamping support mounting plate. 7-13, Groove; 7-14, Spring screw hole; 7-15, Limiting slot; 7-16, Guide strip; 7-17, Screw hole; 7-31, Mounting edge; 7-32, Mounting through hole; 7-33, Strip guide groove; 7-41, Connecting plate threaded hole; 7-42, Adjusting device mounting screw hole; 8, Telescopic adjustment device; 8-1, Threaded flange; 8-11, External thread; 8-12, Threaded hole; 8-2, Support shaft; 8- 21. Internal thread blind hole; 8-22. Spring blind hole; 8-3. Sleeve; 8-4. Sleeve cover plate; 8-5. Spring; 8-6. Flange with bearing; 8-61. Bearing flange mounting hole; 9. Rotation adjustment device; 9-1. Rotary stepper motor; 9-2. Connecting flange; 9-11. Motor base; 9-12. Base hole; 9-13. Key pin; 9-21. Motor flange mounting hole; 9-22. Motor shaft hole; 9-23. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figures 1 to 16As shown, a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture includes a base 1, a circular guide rail 2, a control panel 3, a bracket 4, a locking device 5, a semi-enclosed lead screw module slide 6, a clamping device 7, a telescopic adjustment device 8, and a rotation adjustment device 9. The circular guide rail 2 is fixed in the center of the base 1. The bracket 4 is mounted on the circular guide rail 2 and can rotate circumferentially on the circular guide rail 2. The control panel 3 is located on the outer side of one end of the bracket 4. The locking device 5 is located at the bottom of the bracket 4 and is used to lock the bracket onto the guide rail; two devices can be configured, one at each end of the bracket 4. A pair of semi-enclosed lead screw module slides 6 are respectively positioned opposite each other on the inner sides of the columns at both ends of the bracket 4. A pair of clamping devices 7 are symmetrically positioned on the two semi-enclosed lead screw module slides 6 and can move longitudinally along the lead screw module slides 6. A telescopic adjustment device 8 is provided between one clamping device 7 and its corresponding semi-enclosed lead screw module slide 6, and a rotation adjustment device 9 is provided between the other clamping device 7 and its corresponding semi-enclosed lead screw module slide 6.

[0023] The base 1 is a circular or rectangular platform made of welded steel plate or cast aluminum alloy, which has good load-bearing capacity and stability. Its upper surface is a horizontally machined surface for mounting the circular guide rail 2. The bottom is equipped with anti-slip pads or adjustable support feet to ensure that the equipment remains stable during operation and can be finely adjusted according to the flatness of the ground.

[0024] The circular guide rail 2 is a closed-loop guide rail structure, fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base 1, providing circumferential rotation guidance for the bracket 4. Its outer circumference has a continuous sliding surface 2-1, which slides against the arc-shaped groove 4-3 on the bottom support leg 4-2 of the bracket 4, allowing the bracket 4 to rotate 360° around its central axis. The guide rail is made of high-strength tempered steel or surface-hardened aluminum alloy, possessing good wear resistance and structural stability, adapting to the frequent rotational operation requirements in workshop environments. The circular guide rail 2 can be installed on the base 1 by adhesive bonding. A preferred method is to provide several guide rail positioning holes 2-2 on the circular guide rail 2, used to reliably fix the circular guide rail 2 to the base 1 with screws, ensuring the overall stability and load-bearing capacity of the guide rail during use. During operation, the rotation angle of the bracket can be quickly positioned and securely locked by rotating the locking knob of the locking device 5 on the bracket 4. The control panel 3 is the operation control unit of the tooling. It is installed on the base 1 on one side of the bracket 4. The panel is equipped with multiple function buttons or rotary switches and integrates a PLC control module. It is used to control the stepper motor to adjust the lifting height and rotation angle of the clamping device 7 and to switch the operation status. The panel surface is equipped with function indicator labels to facilitate the operator to intuitively control the tooling operation status.

[0025] The bracket 4 has a door frame structure with a symmetrical frame arrangement. It is made of one-piece molded metal sheet or aluminum profile, and has good rigidity and lightweight characteristics. Its structure includes a crossbeam and vertical support columns symmetrically arranged at both ends. Each support column has three countersunk mounting screw holes 4-1 evenly distributed on the outside, which are used to mate with the mounting threaded holes of the semi-enclosed ball screw module slide 6 for fixation.

[0026] The support column extends inward to form an inwardly bent leg 4-2. The bottom of the leg has an arc-shaped groove 4-3 that matches the curvature of the circular guide rail 2. This groove 4-3 slides against the upper surface of the circular guide rail 2, allowing the bracket 4 to rotate circumferentially relative to the guide rail 2. A rectangular protrusion 4-4 is located on the outer side of the leg 4-2. This protrusion has a threaded hole 4-5 for mounting a locking device, which engages with the locking device 5 to position and fix the rotation angle. The overall dimensions of the bracket 4 are coordinated with the width of the circular guide rail 2, the layout of the clamping device 7, and the range of motion of the slide table 6, ensuring overall structural stability without affecting rotation adjustment and operating space.

[0027] The locking device 5 is a through-type locking bolt assembly, with a hand-tightening structure being the preferred embodiment. It is used to lock or release the angular position of the bracket 4 on the guide rail. The locking device 5 includes a screw with an exposed hand-tightening knob 5-1, and fasteners such as washers or spring washers that cooperate with the screw. One end of the screw is threaded into the locking device mounting threaded hole 4-5 on the protrusion 4-4. When the hand-tightening knob 5-1 is tightened, the end face of the screw or the pressure washer presses against the outer surface of the protrusion 4-4. After further tightening, the top end of the screw presses against the upper surface of the circular guide rail 2 and forms a friction fit, thereby clamping and fixing the bracket 4 relative to the guide rail. When the hand-tightening knob 5-1 is loosened or the screw is rotated in the opposite direction, the clamping force is released, and the bracket 4 can slide freely or rotate as a whole on the guide rail 2. To improve reliability, a flexible material washer can be provided at the top end of the screw of the locking device 5 to prevent wear on the upper surface of the circular guide rail 2 while achieving locking and preventing loosening.

[0028] The semi-enclosed ball screw module slide table 6 is the height adjustment actuator of this fixture. It is made entirely of aluminum profiles or high-strength steel and features a compact structure, smooth transmission, rapid response, and precise positioning. The main body of the slide table has a hollow rectangular structure, mainly consisting of a column 6-1 and a sliding plate 6-2. The hollow part houses a ball screw 6-4 and a mating nut seat 6-5. The top of the ball screw 6-4 is connected to a lifting stepper motor 6-6, which drives its rotation to move the sliding plate 6-2 along the guide rail 6-3, achieving precise vertical lifting and lowering adjustment. The sliding plate 6-2 is fixedly connected to the nut seat 6-5 by countersunk screws. The sliding plate 6-2 is linearly guided by the guide bars 6-3 on both sides of the column 6-1. When the ball screw 6-4 rotates under the drive of the lifting stepper motor 6-6, the nut seat 6-5 moves along the axial direction of the ball screw 6-4, and drives the sliding plate 6-2 fixed to it to move up and down linearly along the column 6-1, thereby realizing the height adjustment of the clamping device 7. One side of the column 6-1 has multiple bracket mounting threaded holes 6-11 for connecting and fixing to the bracket 4 with screws; the opposite side of the column 6-1 has a slotted hole 6-12 to allow travel space for the reciprocating movement between the slide 6-2 and the nut seat 6-5; the slide 6-2 has a clamping device mounting threaded hole 6-21 for connecting to the telescopic adjustment device 8 or the rotary adjustment device 9 with screws to ensure the connection stability and overall structural strength of the slide 6-2 during movement; the slide 6-2 also has a countersunk hole 6-22 for connecting the slide 6-2 to the nut seat 6-5 with countersunk screws. The ball screw module slide table 6 has a "semi-enclosed" structure, that is, the transmission mechanism of the ball screw 6-4 is partially covered by a cover or profile frame, which effectively prevents dust or foreign objects from entering and causing movement interference, and facilitates daily maintenance and replacement of parts. The lifting stepper motor 6-6 is precisely controlled by the PLC control system, which enables continuous adjustment of the height position of the clamping device 7 to meet the installation and operation requirements of printed circuit boards of different sizes and types, as well as the operator's personalized working height settings.

[0029] The clamping device 7 includes a clamping clamp 7-1, a clamping support column 7-2, an adjusting support plate 7-3, a flange with a connecting plate 7-4, a spring plate 7-5, and a hand-tightened knurled screw 7-6. The components are tightly connected, structurally coordinated, and functionally precisely matched. The specific connection relationships are as follows: The clamping clip 7-1 has an irregular structure, with a protrusion 7-11 at one end. The protrusion 7-11 has a mounting hole 7-12 for attaching a clamping support column to the threaded post at the lower end of the clamping support column 7-2, thus firmly fixing the tapered clamping support column 7-2 onto the clamping clip 7-1. A groove 7-13 is located in front of the protrusion 7-11, and a spring screw hole 7-14 is located within the groove 7-13. The perforated end of the L-shaped spring sheet 7-5 is threaded through its clamping support column and into the spring screw hole 7-14 via a screw, fixing the spring sheet 7-5 within the groove 7-13. Its free end extends into the limiting slot 7-15, providing elastic clamping force to the edge of the inserted printed circuit board.

[0030] The other end of the clamping clip 7-1 is equipped with a guide strip 7-16, with a screw hole 7-17 in the center of the guide strip 7-16. The guide strip 7-16 is inserted into the strip-shaped guide groove 7-33 in the center of the adjusting support plate 7-3, and is fixed to the adjusting support plate 7-3 by the threaded engagement of the hand-tightened knurled screw 7-6 with the screw hole 7-17. By adjusting the tightness of the hand-tightened knurled screw 7-6, the position of the clamping clip 7-1 within the strip-shaped guide groove 7-33 can be adjusted to accommodate printed circuit boards of different sizes, achieving an adjustable clamping width. The cross-sectional area of ​​the hand-tightened knurled screw 7-6 is larger than the width of the strip-shaped guide groove 7-33 on the adjusting support plate 7-3, thus locking the clamping clip 7-1 onto the adjusting support plate 7-3.

[0031] The adjusting support plate 7-3 has a flanged structure and consists of a track body with a guide groove and a raised mounting edge 7-31 on one side. A strip-shaped guide groove 7-33 is provided in the middle of the track body to limit the sliding path of the guide strip 7-16, ensuring stable guidance of the clamp assembly along the guide rail direction. The mounting edge 7-31 has multiple mounting through holes 7-32 for screw connection with the threaded holes 7-41 corresponding to the connecting plate flange 7-4, thereby achieving a secure installation between the adjusting support plate 7-3 and the connecting plate flange 7-4.

[0032] The flange 7-4 with connecting plate is of an irregular shape, used to connect the adjusting support plate 7-3 to the telescopic adjusting device 8 or the rotary adjusting device 9 into a whole, and to provide structural support and force transmission functions. One end is provided with a flange, and the other end is a connecting plate perpendicular to the flange. The connecting plate has four threaded holes 7-41 for fixing to the four mounting through holes 7-32 of the adjusting support plate 7-3 using screws. The flange is provided with adjusting device mounting screw holes 7-42 for connecting to the flange of the telescopic adjusting device 8 and the rotary adjusting device 9 using bolts.

[0033] The clamping device 7 has a stable overall structure, flexible adjustment, and reliable clamping. It is suitable for clamping printed circuit boards of different sizes and types, and has versatility and expandability.

[0034] The telescopic adjustment device 8 is located on one side of one of the clamping devices 7. It is used to achieve axial fine adjustment of the clamping distance while ensuring synchronous rotation of both clamping devices 7, so as to adapt to printed circuit boards of different widths. The telescopic adjustment device 8 mainly includes a threaded flange 8-1, a support shaft 8-2, a sleeve 8-3, a sleeve cover plate 8-4, a spring 8-5, and a bearing flange 8-6. The components are assembled sequentially along the same axis to form an integrated rotational bearing and elastic telescopic unit. It cooperates with the rotational adjustment device 9 of the other clamping device 7, so that the printed circuit board clamping assembly can achieve angle adjustment during operation and automatic compensation of the clamping distance through the telescopic adjustment device 8.

[0035] The threaded flange 8-1 is a two-section cylindrical structure integrally machined. Its front section is a larger diameter disc with multiple threaded holes 8-12 evenly distributed around its outer ring for fixed connection with the flange 7-4 of the clamping device 7 via screws. A short cylindrical positioning section extends rearward from the center of the disc. The outer surface of this positioning section is machined with external threads 8-11 for threaded engagement with the internally threaded blind hole 8-21 at the front end of the support shaft 8-2. Tightening or loosening the threads allows for pre-tightening or disassembly / removal of the support shaft 8-2 in the axial direction.

[0036] The support shaft 8-2 has a stepped outer diameter. The smaller outer diameter end has an internally threaded blind hole 8-21 that matches the threaded flange 8-1, for threaded connection with the external thread 8-11. The larger outer diameter end has a spring blind hole 8-22 at its center to accommodate the spring 8-5. The outer diameter of the larger outer diameter end of the support shaft 8-2 matches the large inner diameter end of the sleeve 8-3, and the outer diameter of the smaller outer diameter end matches the small inner diameter end of the sleeve 8-3, allowing the support shaft 8-2 to be installed inside the sleeve 8-3 with a clearance fit.

[0037] Sleeve 8-3 is a stepped hollow cylindrical structure, fitted onto the outside of support shaft 8-2. One end of sleeve 8-3 with its smaller inner diameter faces threaded flange 8-1, while the other end is fitted into the bearing at the center of bearing flange 8-6, with an interference fit to the bearing's inner ring. In the assembled state, sleeve 8-3 is located outside support shaft 8-2 and partially contained within bearing flange 8-6. The end face connecting sleeve 8-3 to bearing flange 8-6 is covered by sleeve cover plate 8-4, enclosing spring 8-5 within the spring blind hole 8-22 of support shaft 8-2. When threaded flange 8-1 causes axial displacement of support shaft 8-2 relative to sleeve 8-3, spring 8-5 is compressed between the spring blind hole 8-22 and sleeve cover plate 8-4, thus changing the compression of spring 8-5.

[0038] The sleeve cover plate 8-4 is a disc structure with a diameter that matches that of the sleeve 8-3. The sleeve cover plate 8-4 is installed on the side of the sleeve 8-3 near the bearing flange 8-6. It can be connected to the sleeve 8-3 in various ways, such as welding, bonding, or by setting a countersunk hole on its outer edge. A threaded hole is opened on one end edge of the sleeve, which can be connected to the sleeve 8-3 by screws.

[0039] Spring 8-5 is an axial compression spring, located within the internal space between the support shaft 8-2, sleeve 8-3, and bearing flange 8-6. One end is supported in the spring blind hole 8-22 at the large outer diameter end of the support shaft 8-2, and the other end is supported on the end face of the slide plate 6-2 of the module slide 6 connected to the bearing flange 8-6. The outer diameter of spring 8-5 is smaller than the spring blind hole 8-22 of the support shaft 8-2, thus preventing interference with the support shaft 8-2 under axial compression. In the assembled state, threaded flange 8-1, support shaft 8-2, sleeve 8-3, and bearing flange 8-6 confine spring 8-5 within a fixed axial range. When relative displacement occurs on both sides of the clamping device 7 due to different widths of printed circuit boards or deflection during operation, the support shaft 8-2 moves axially relative to the bearing flange 8-6, thereby compressing or releasing spring 8-5, thus achieving elastic compensation of the clamping distance.

[0040] The bearing flange 8-6 has a two-section cylindrical structure. The larger diameter end is a flange with several evenly distributed bearing flange mounting holes 8-61 on its outer ring. These holes are used to reliably fix the bearing flange 8-6 to the sliding plate 6-2 of the semi-enclosed lead screw module slide table 6 using screws, ensuring that the bearing flange 8-6 remains stationary relative to the slide table 6 in space. The smaller diameter end forms an inwardly extending cylindrical neck, inside which a bearing is installed. The outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the cylindrical neck, and the inner ring of the bearing is used for an interference fit connection with the sleeve 8-3, thereby providing coaxial guidance and support for the sleeve 8-3 and the clamping device 7 connected to it.

[0041] The installation sequence of each component of the telescopic adjustment device 8 is as follows: First, insert the support shaft 8-2 through the center of the large diameter end of the sleeve 8-3, so that the small outer diameter end of the support shaft 8-2 passes through the small inner diameter end of the sleeve 8-3. Then, thread the internal thread blind hole 8-21 of the small outer diameter end of the support shaft 8-2 to the external thread 8-11 of the threaded flange 8-1. Install the spring 8-5 into the spring blind hole 8-22 of the large outer diameter end of the support shaft 8-2. Next, install the sleeve cover plate 8-4 on one end of the sleeve 8-3, so that the other end of the spring abuts against the end face of the sleeve cover plate 8-4. Then, fit the bearing end with the bearing flange 8-6 onto the outside of the sleeve 8-3 and press it tight to fix it.

[0042] Through the above structure, the telescopic adjustment device 8 maintains the overall torque transmission between the support shaft 8-2 and the clamping device 7, and realizes the synchronous rotation of the clamps on both sides. At the same time, it uses the axial relative movement between the spring 8-5 and the support shaft 8-2 to form a controllable telescopic stroke, so that the clamping device 7 can automatically adapt to the clamping requirements of printed circuit boards of different widths within a certain range. With the threaded pre-tightening structure of the threaded flange 8-1 and the support shaft 8-2, the clamping stiffness and rebound stroke can also be set by adjusting the initial compression of the spring 8-5, so as to realize the fine adjustment of the clamping force and clamping distance of the printed circuit board, and improve the reliability and operation comfort of the clamping process.

[0043] The rotary adjustment device 9 is located on one side of another clamping device 7, and includes a rotary stepper motor 9-1 and a connecting flange 9-2. One end of the base of the rotary stepper motor 9-1 has a base 9-11 with a base hole 9-12 for connecting to the slide plate 6-2 of the lead screw module slide table 6 via screws. The motor output shaft is connected to the clamping device 7 via the connecting flange 9-2. A key pin 9-13 is provided on the motor shaft for keying into the motor shaft hole 9-22 of the connecting flange 9-2.

[0044] The connecting flange 9-2 is a two-section column structure formed in one piece. The flange is provided with a motor flange mounting hole 9-21 for connecting to the flange 7-4 with connecting plate of the clamping device 7 by bolts. The center is provided with a motor shaft hole 9-22, and the motor shaft hole 9-22 is provided with a groove 9-23 for connecting to the motor shaft key pin of the rotary stepper motor 9-1.

[0045] The assembly process of the complete semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture follows the bottom-up assembly principle. First, the circular guide rail 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base 1. The guide rail is a closed ring structure, and its upper surface is the track sliding surface, which is used to form a sliding fit with the arc-shaped groove 4-3 on the bottom support 4-2 of the bracket 4, and to provide trajectory guidance for the subsequent rotating components.

[0046] The bracket 4 is then placed on the circular guide rail 2, so that the arc-shaped groove 4-3 of the bottom support leg 4-2 of the bracket 4 fits against the upper surface of the circular guide rail 2, thereby forming a rotatable support structure. The locking device 5 provided on the bracket 4 can be used to adjust the tightness of the rotation position and lock the angle, preventing the bracket 4 from rotating or shifting during operation.

[0047] The bracket 4 is mounted on the circular guide rail 2 and forms a sliding fit with it. Its overall structure is a door frame shape, integrally machined from high-rigidity metal or aluminum alloy profiles. The bracket 4 consists of two symmetrical upright plates and a top horizontal connecting beam. It has an open structure in the middle, and the top beam enhances overall rigidity. The bottom two sides have arc-shaped transition sections that match the curvature of the circular guide rail 2, allowing for smooth rotation. Each upright plate has multiple countersunk mounting holes on its outer side for fixed connection to the column 6-1 of the subsequent semi-enclosed lead screw module slide table 6.

[0048] A pair of semi-enclosed ball screw module slides 6 are installed between the two upright plates of the bracket 4. The slide column 6-1 is connected to the screw hole on the bracket 4 by screws to form a stable vertical installation structure. One ball screw module slide 6 has a telescopic adjustment device 8 and a clamping device 7 installed on its slide plate 6-2, while the other ball screw module slide 6 has a rotary adjustment device 9 and another clamping device 7 installed on its slide plate 6-2. The semi-enclosed ball screw module slide 6 internally houses a ball screw 6-4 and a lifting stepper motor 6-6. Its upper slide plate 6-2 serves as the moving end, and under the drive of the PLC control system and the lifting stepper motor 6-6, it can move vertically, thereby achieving adjustable height and clamping position of the clamping device. The rotary adjustment device 9 is also equipped with a stepper motor, which, under the control of the PLC control system, drives the rotary adjustment device 9 to rotate, thereby achieving angular rotation adjustment of the corresponding clamping device 7.

[0049] Control panel 3 is positioned appropriately within the fixture and is used for centralized control of the lifting and lowering movement of the semi-enclosed lead screw module slide, the clamping and rotation of the clamping device, the start and stop of each stepper motor, and corresponding angle settings. Each actuator is electrically connected to control panel 3 via a PLC control system, and with the assistance of electrical drives, achieves fully automatic or semi-automatic operation control of the fixture position, clamping method, and rotation angle. The fixture features a modular design, with robust connections between functional components, clear assembly relationships, and a well-defined installation sequence, making it suitable for efficient clamping and multi-angle adjustment of various sizes of printed circuit boards.

[0050] A method for using a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotating printed circuit board disassembly, modification, and soldering fixture includes the following steps: The first step is to operate the PLC system through the control panel 3 according to the type of printed circuit board to be soldered, the spatial height of the components on the board, and the operator's work habits. This allows the slider (sliding block) 6-2 in the semi-enclosed ball screw module slide table 6 to move vertically to the predetermined height, ensuring that the clamping device 7 is in a convenient position for operation, thereby improving operating comfort and work efficiency.

[0051] The second step is to loosen the knob of the locking device 5 on the bracket 4 according to the angle requirements of the welding or disassembly operation, so that the bracket 4 can rotate along the circumference of the circular guide rail 2. After rotating to the required working angle, tighten the knob of the locking device 5 to securely lock the position of the bracket 4 on the circular guide rail 2.

[0052] Step 3: There are two clamping methods for printed circuit boards: A and B. A) When performing the first clamping method, the operator adjusts the lateral position of the four clamping clips 7-1 on the adjusting support plate 7-3 by loosening and re-fixing the four hand-tightened knurled screws 7-6 according to the lateral dimensions of the printed circuit board. First, insert one edge of the printed circuit board into the limiting slot 7-15 of a set of two clamping clips 7-1 of the clamping device 7 located on one side of the rotary adjustment device 9. The spring plate 7-5 in the limiting slot 7-15 applies an elastic clamping force to the edge of the printed circuit board, so that the edge of the printed circuit board on that side forms an initial positioning support. Then, push the clamping device 7 on one side of the telescopic adjustment device 8 to compress the spring 8-5 in the telescopic adjustment device 8, forming a placement space for the printed circuit board. Insert the other edge of the printed circuit board into the limiting slot 7-15 of the corresponding clamping clip 7-1. After that, release the clamping device 7 on one side of the telescopic adjustment device 8. Under the rebound action of the spring 8-5, the clamping device 7 on that side is driven to reset and apply a continuous clamping and compensation force to the printed circuit board. Thus, automatic compensation clamping and stable fixation of the two edges of the printed circuit board can be achieved without precise manual alignment.

[0053] B) When using the second clamping method, adjust the positions of the four clamping clips 7-1 on the adjusting support plate 7-3 according to the preset mounting hole positions on the printed circuit board, so that the four tapered clamping supports 7-2 are aligned with and inserted into the mounting holes of the printed circuit board, achieving rigid positioning and clamping through the holes. This method is suitable for printed circuit boards with standard mounting holes, which can improve positioning accuracy and ease of loading and unloading.

[0054] Fourth step: Subsequently, operate via control panel 3 to drive the rotary stepper motor 9-1 of the clamping device 7 on one side equipped with rotary adjustment device 9, thereby achieving arbitrary angle rotation adjustment of the clamping mechanism; since the other clamping device 7 is equipped with telescopic adjustment device 8, the sleeve 8-3 in telescopic adjustment device 8 can rotate freely in the bearing within the bearing flange 8-6, thus ensuring that the clamping devices 7 on both sides rotate synchronously during rotation without affecting the axial telescopic compensation function, forming a stable and consistent clamping posture.

[0055] Fifth step: During the welding or disassembly of components, the operator can first loosen the locking device 5 on the bracket 4 according to the work requirements, so that the bracket 4 drives the entire clamping structure to rotate around the circular guide rail 2 to the required working angle; after the angle adjustment is completed, tighten the knob of the locking device 5 to lock the angle position of the bracket 4, so that the clamped printed circuit board is kept in the set posture for stable operation, thereby meeting the multi-directional operation requirements and improving the flexibility and accessibility of welding or maintenance operations.

[0056] Step 6: During the disassembly, modification, and welding process, the operator can adjust the semi-enclosed lead screw module slide 6 and the rotation adjustment device 9 at any time through the control panel 3 to freely adjust the height and angle of the circuit board.

Claims

1. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a circular guide rail (2), a support (4), a locking device (5), a pair of semi-enclosed screw module sliding tables (6), a pair of clamping devices (7), a telescopic adjusting device (8) and a rotary adjusting device (9) are included, the circular guide rail (2) is fixedly arranged on the base (1), the support (4) is installed on the circular guide rail (2) and can rotate along the circumferential direction, the locking device (5) is arranged on the support (4) and is used for locking the rotary position of the support (4) on the circular guide rail (2), the pair of semi-enclosed screw module sliding tables (6) are arranged on the two sides of the support (4) respectively, the clamping device (7) is arranged on the corresponding semi-enclosed screw module sliding table (6) respectively and can move along the vertical direction with the semi-enclosed screw module sliding table (6), one side clamping device (7) is connected with the corresponding semi-enclosed screw module sliding table (6) through the rotary adjusting device (9), the other side clamping device (7) is connected with the corresponding semi-enclosed screw module sliding table (6) through the telescopic adjusting device (8), so that the clamping devices on the two sides keep synchronous rotation in the rotary process and can carry out elastic axial compensation to the clamping spacing.

2. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board dismounting and modifying welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular guide rail (2) is a closed ring structure, and the outer ring is provided with a continuous sliding rail surface (2-1), and a plurality of guide rail positioning holes (2-2) are further arranged on the circular guide rail (2) and used for fixing the circular guide rail (2) on the base (1) through screws.

3. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support (4) is a door frame structure, and the bottoms of the two sides thereof are provided with arc-shaped supporting legs (4-2) matched with the curvature of the circular guide rail (2), and arc-shaped grooves (4-3) are arranged on the supporting legs to realize smooth rotation of the support (4) along the circular guide rail (2).

4. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-enclosed screw module sliding table (6) comprises a column (6-1), a sliding sheet (6-2), a guide strip (6-3), a ball screw (6-4), a nut seat (6-5) and a lifting stepping motor (6-6), the ball screw (6-4) rotates under the drive of the lifting stepping motor (6-6) to drive the sliding sheet (6-2) to move vertically along the column (6-1).

5. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping device (7) comprises a clamping clamp (7-1), a clamping support (7-2), an adjusting support sheet (7-3), a connecting plate flange (7-4), a spring sheet (7-5) and a hand screw knurled screw (7-6), the clamping clamp (7-1) can slide in the strip-shaped guide groove (7-33) of the adjusting support sheet (7-3).

6. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The clamping clamp (7-1) is provided with a limiting clamping groove (7-15), and the spring sheet (7-5) is arranged in the clamping groove and used for providing elastic clamping force to the inserted edge of the printed circuit board.

7. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic adjusting device (8) comprises a threaded flange (8-1), a support shaft (8-2), a sleeve (8-3), a sleeve cover plate (8-4), a spring (8-5) and a bearing flange (8-6), wherein the bearing flange (8-6) is fixed on the sliding sheet (6-2) of the corresponding semi-closed screw module sliding table (6), and the internal bearing is used for rotating and guiding the sleeve (8-3); the support shaft (8-2) is threadedly connected with the threaded flange (8-1), and can be axially displaced relative to the bearing flange (8-6) under the action of the spring (8-5), and is used for realizing elastic compensation of the clamping distance during synchronous rotation of the clamping device.

8. A semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board modification welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary adjusting device (9) comprises a rotary stepping motor (9-1) and a connecting flange (9-2), the output shaft of the rotary stepping motor (9-1) is connected with the connecting flange (9-2) through key pin cooperation, and the connecting flange (9-2) is fixedly connected with the clamping device (7) and is used for driving the corresponding side clamping device to rotate.

9. A method of using a semi-automatic multi-dimensional rotary printed circuit board rework fixture, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: In the first step, according to the type of the printed circuit board to be welded and the height requirement of the components, the sliding sheet (6-2) in the semi-closed screw module sliding table (6) is moved to a predetermined height along the vertical direction by operating the control panel (3), so that the clamping device (7) is in the working position; In the second step, according to the angle requirement of the welding or dismounting operation, the locking device (5) arranged on the support (4) is loosened, so that the support (4) can rotate along the circumferential direction of the circular guide rail (2), and after being adjusted to the required working angle, the locking device (5) is locked again to fix the support (4) at the corresponding position on the circular guide rail (2); In the third step, according to the transverse size of the printed circuit board, the hand-tightened knurled screw (7-6) is loosened and fixed again to adjust the transverse position of the clamping clamp (7-1) on the adjusting support sheet (7-3); one side edge of the printed circuit board is inserted into the limiting clamping groove (7-15) of the clamping device (7) arranged on one side of the rotary adjusting device (9), and the spring sheet (7-5) in the limiting clamping groove (7-15) exerts an elastic clamping force on the edge of the printed circuit board to form an initial positioning; then the clamping device (7) arranged on one side of the telescopic adjusting device (8) is pushed, so that the spring (8-5) in the telescopic adjusting device (8) is compressed, and the other side edge of the printed circuit board is inserted into the limiting clamping groove (7-15) of the corresponding clamping clamp (7-1), and after being loosened, the spring (8-5) continuously exerts a clamping force on the two side edges of the printed circuit board under the action of the spring (8-5), so that the elastic compensation clamping of the printed circuit board is completed; In the fourth step, the rotary stepping motor (9-1) of the clamping device (7) arranged on one side of the rotary adjusting device (9) is driven to work by operating the control panel (3), so that the clamping device (7) and the printed circuit board rotate around the axis; in the rotating process, the sleeve (8-3) in the telescopic adjusting device (8) is freely rotated in the bearing of the bearing flange (8-6), so that the two clamping devices (7) remain synchronous during the rotating process. Fifth, in the process of welding or disassembly of components, according to the operation needs to loosen the locking device (5) again, adjust the rotation angle of the bracket (4) relative to the circular guide rail (2) and then lock it again, so that the clamped printed circuit board is kept in the required posture for operation; Sixth, in the process of disassembly and welding, according to the operation needs, adjust the semi-closed screw module sliding table (6) and the rotary adjusting device (9) through the control panel (3) to realize the adjustment of the height and angle of the printed circuit board.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises the step of: In the third step of fixing the printed circuit board, according to the pre-set mounting hole position on the printed circuit board, adjust the position of the clamping clamp (7-1) in the clamping device (7), so that the clamping support (7-2) is inserted into the mounting hole of the printed circuit board. Through the insertion and assembly of the clamping support (7-2) and the mounting hole, the hole positioning and clamping of the printed circuit board is realized. ​

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