Self-adaptive alignment test fixture for PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) in multiple shapes

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive alignment test fixture for a multi-shape PCBA, and relates to the technical field of PCBA test fixtures, the self-adaptive alignment test fixture comprises a base, a rotary table structure and a positioning adjustment assembly, the rotary table structure is mounted in the base, the positioning adjustment assembly is mounted in the rotary table structure, the rotary table structure comprises a frameless motor, a rotary table and a heat dissipation plate, and the heat dissipation plate is mounted in the rotary table structure. The frameless motor is installed on the inner side wall of the circular groove of the base, the rotating table is installed on the inner side of the frameless motor, and the heat dissipation plate is installed on the top of the frameless motor. According to the self-adaptive alignment test fixture for the multi-shape PCBA, under the condition that the clamping test stability and accuracy of the square PCBA are kept, the mechanism capable of adjusting the coordinates of the characteristic parts of the circular PCBA is arranged, the coordinates of the specific parts of the PCBA to be tested are adjusted to be consistent with preset values, accurate alignment of the circular PCBA can be carried out in a self-adaptive mode, and the accuracy of the test is improved. Therefore, self-adaptive testing of PCBAs in various shapes and sizes is realized, the automation degree and the testing efficiency of the device are improved, and the practicability and the applicability of the device are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of PCBA test fixtures, in particular to a self-adaptive alignment test fixture for PCBA of multiple shapes. BACKGROUND

[0002] PCBA refers to a PCB on which all electronic components have been installed and soldered, and the manufacturing of PCBA is a multi-step precision process. After all electronic components are installed and soldered, detection and testing are still needed. A PCBA test fixture is a customized tool specially used for testing PCBA. Its core function is to quickly, accurately and automatically verify the function, performance and quality of PCBA during the product mass production stage, so as to ensure that each circuit board leaving the factory meets the design specifications.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN118191562A discloses a PCB test fixture, which comprises a test fixture body, a fixing plate connected to the top of the test fixture body through a side plate, an extension cylinder arranged on the fixing plate, a needle plate arranged on the driving end of the extension cylinder, a carrier plate arranged on the test fixture body, and a clamping mechanism arranged on the test fixture body for clamping the PCB on the carrier plate. Through the trigger mechanism, the movement of the needle plate drives the push plate and the rotating plate to abut, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the clamping mechanism. The overall operation is simple, the degree of automation is high, and the clamping and testing efficiency of the PCB is improved.

[0004] However, the above technical solution discloses a test fixture for PCB, which can apply clamping force to the outer side of the PCB from multiple directions to achieve clamping and fixing effect. However, although the existing test fixture can keep the clamping stable while keeping the alignment of the test point and the detection structure accurate, it is only suitable for square PCBA. Common PCBA shapes on the market include square and round shapes. During the clamping operation of the round PCBA, the position of the PCBA often needs to be manually adjusted in advance to ensure the accurate alignment of the test point and the detection structure. It is difficult to accurately control the alignment accuracy, and the operation has low automation and reduces the testing efficiency. Therefore, the application proposes a self-adaptive test fixture suitable for PCBA of multiple shapes. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above, the purpose of the present application is to provide a self-adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA, which can realize the adjustment of the orientation of the PCBA by recognizing and driving the specific part of the PCBA to be tested, so as to realize the self-adaptive test of multi-shape and multi-size PCBA, improve the automation degree and test efficiency of the device, and improve the practicality and applicability of the device.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a self-adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA, which comprises a base, a rotary table structure installed in the base, and a positioning adjustment assembly installed in the rotary table structure. A circular groove is formed in the center of the top surface of the base, and a boss is installed in the center of the circular groove. The top of the boss is fixedly connected with an elastic pad. The rotary table structure comprises a frameless motor installed on the inner side wall of the circular groove of the base, a rotating table installed on the inner side of the frameless motor, and a heat sink installed on the top of the frameless motor. The top surface of the rotating table is provided with three circularly and uniformly distributed moving sliding grooves, and the rotating table is annular. The positioning adjustment assembly comprises a moving block slidingly arranged in the moving sliding groove, an electric sliding rail installed in the rotating table and used to drive the moving block to slide in the moving sliding groove, a penetrating alignment component and an extrusion positioning component arranged in the moving block, and an alignment driving assembly installed in the moving block and used to drive the penetrating alignment component or the extrusion positioning component to move. The penetrating alignment component is adapted to push against the outer wall of a square PCBA or insert into the hole of a circular PCBA with perforations. The extrusion positioning component is adapted to abut against the cut edge of a circular PCBA with cut edges or the inner wall of the notch of a circular PCBA with notches. After the penetrating alignment component or the extrusion positioning component contacts the specific part of the PCBA to be tested, the rotation of the rotating table and the movement of the moving blocks in the other two moving sliding grooves can accurately adjust the orientation of the PCBA.

[0007] Further, the self-adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA further comprises a clamping structure, a test structure, an identification component, and a lifting structure. The clamping structure is installed on the top surface of the base for clamping the PCBA to be tested. The test structure is located directly above the clamping structure and is used to test the PCBA to be tested. The identification component is installed on the bottom surface of the test structure and is used to identify the type of the PCBA to be tested. The lifting structure is installed on the base and is used to adjust the height of the test structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the top surfaces of the base, the rotating platform, and the heat sink are at the same height, and the sum of the height of the boss and the thickness of the elastic pad is slightly greater than the depth of the circular groove, so as to prevent the PCBA from rotating with the rotation of the rotating platform when the PCBA is located on the elastic pad.

[0009] Furthermore, the insertion and alignment component includes a first adjusting screw that is vertically rotatably mounted within the moving block and a vertical insertion rod that is threaded onto the first adjusting screw and slidably connected to the moving block; the vertical insertion rod includes a conical section and a cylindrical section located at the bottom of the conical section, wherein when the vertical insertion rod moves vertically, the conical section is adapted to fit different sizes of PCBA through holes, and the cylindrical section on the vertical insertion rod is adapted to abut against the side wall of the PCBA when adjusting the orientation.

[0010] Furthermore, the extrusion positioning component includes a lateral adjustment assembly that is vertically slidably disposed within the moving block and a second adjustment screw that is vertically rotatably mounted within the moving block and used to adjust the height of the lateral adjustment assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the lateral adjustment assembly includes a movable block threaded onto the second adjusting screw, abutments located on both sides of the movable block along its length, a compression spring installed between the movable block and the abutments, a limiting slide rod installed on the abutments and slidably adapted to the movable block, and a miniature cylinder installed inside the movable block and connected to the abutments. The abutments are extremely elongated Z-shaped structures with arc-shaped chamfers at the turning points.

[0012] Furthermore, the alignment drive assembly includes two clutches respectively mounted on the bottom ends of the first adjusting screw and the second adjusting screw, a transmission gear mounted on the bottom end of the clutch and rotatably connected to the moving block, an alignment drive component fixedly mounted in the moving block, and a drive gear mounted on the output section of the alignment drive component and meshing with the two transmission gears.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamping structure includes a fixed frame mounted on the top surface of the base, two transverse clamping components symmetrically arranged in the length direction of the fixed frame, two longitudinal clamping components symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the fixed frame, a first transverse moving component and a first transverse guiding component mounted in the fixed frame along the length direction of the fixed frame for driving the two transverse clamping components to move apart or closer together, and a longitudinal moving component and a longitudinal guiding component mounted in the fixed frame along the width direction of the fixed frame. The longitudinal moving component and the longitudinal guiding component are adapted to drive the two longitudinal clamping components to move toward a side that is apart or closer together.

[0014] Furthermore, the test structure includes a mounting frame located directly above the fixed frame and adapted to the size of the fixed frame; a test component inserted into the bottom of the mounting frame and corresponding to the position of the boss; two positioning clamping components symmetrically arranged in the length direction of the mounting frame for clamping and inserting the test component; and a second lateral moving component and a second lateral guiding component installed in the fixed frame along the length direction of the mounting frame. The second lateral moving component and the second lateral guiding component are adapted to drive the two positioning clamping components to move to opposite or similar sides.

[0015] Furthermore, the lifting structure includes a top plate installed above the base and a lifting component installed on the top plate for driving the test structure to move up and down. A support plate is fixedly installed between the top plate and the base.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBAs in this invention, when testing a square PCBA, allows the vertical insert rod extending from the alignment component to move the square PCBA in conjunction with the rotation of the rotary table and the movement of the moving block in the sliding groove, thereby adjusting the orientation of the square PCBA. This prevents damage to the square PCBA under the action of the clamping structure, while maintaining stable and accurate clamping of the square PCBA. When testing a circular PCBA, the fixture utilizes the rotation of the rotary table and the movement of the moving block in the sliding groove to make the alignment component or the extrusion positioning component coincide with the characteristic parts (cut edges, notches, perforations) on the circular PCBA. This allows for adjustment of the circular PCBA's orientation while maintaining center alignment, thereby adaptively achieving precise alignment between the circular PCBA and the test component. Thus, this test fixture meets the adaptive testing requirements of multi-shaped and multi-sized PCBAs, effectively improving the automation level and testing efficiency of the device, and enhancing the practicality and applicability of the device.

[0017] 2. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBA in this invention is equipped with an absolute encoder on the rotary table. By controlling the operation of the frameless motor, the rotation of the rotary table is precisely controlled, thereby improving the rotation control accuracy of the rotary table. This effectively improves the position adjustment accuracy of the vertical insert and movable block in the moving block, reduces alignment deviation, and improves the test reliability of the test fixture. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting structure installation of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the base cross-sectional structure of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the moving block; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A side cross-sectional view of the extrusion positioning component; Figure 6 This is a top view of the base structure of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the clamping structure of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial sectional view of the fixed frame in the middle; Figure 9 This is a bottom view of the test structure of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting frame; Figure 11 for Figure 9 A partial sectional view of the mounting frame; Figure 12 for Figure 9 A structural schematic diagram of an example of a mid-side view component; Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating the different types of circular PCBAs.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Base; 11-Boss; 12-Elastic pad; 2-Clamping structure; 21-Fixed frame; 22-First transverse moving component; 221-First driving component; 2211-First dual-head motor; 2212-First screw; 222-First threaded sleeve; 23-First transverse guiding component; 231-First guide rod; 232-First sliding sleeve; 24-Transverse clamping component; 241-First connecting rod; 242-Transverse clamping plate; 25-Longitudinal moving component; 251-Second driving component; 2511-Second dual-head motor; 2512-Second dual-head screw; 252-Second threaded sleeve; 26-Longitudinal guiding component; 261-Second guide rod; 262-Second sliding sleeve; 27-Longitudinal clamping component; 271-Second connecting rod; 272-Longitudinal clamping plate; 3-Test structure; 31-Mounting frame; 311-Limiting frame; 312-Connecting slot; 32-Test component; 321-Connecting block; 33-Positioning clamping component; 331-Third connecting rod; 332-Positioning clamp; 333-Positioning rod; 34-Second lateral movement component; 341-Third drive component; 3411-Third dual-head motor; 3412-Third screw; 342-Third threaded sleeve; 35-Second lateral guide component; 351-Third guide rod; 352-Third sliding sleeve; 4-Lifting structure; 41-Top plate; 411-Support plate; 42-Lifting component; 421-Lifting motor; 422-Lifting screw; 423-Threaded block; 5-Turntable structure; 51-Frameless motor; 52-Rotating table; 521-Moving slide; 53-Heat dissipation plate; 6-Positioning adjustment assembly; 61-Electric slide rail; 62-Moving block; 621-Circular cavity; 622-Rectangular cavity; 623-Limiting slide groove; 624-Moving slider; 63-Alignment drive assembly; 631-Alignment drive component; 632-Drive gear; 633-Transmission gear; 634-Clutch; 64-Interlocking alignment component; 641-First adjusting screw; 642-Vertical insertion rod; 6421-Limiting slider; 65-Extrusion positioning component; 651-Second adjusting screw; 652-Horizontal adjustment assembly; 6521-Moving block; 6522-Support plate; 6523-Extrusion spring; 6524-Limiting slide rod; 6525-Miniature cylinder; 7-Identification components. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can also refer to the internal connection of two components; and they can refer to a wireless connection or a wired connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-13As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBAs, including a base 1, a turntable structure 5, and a positioning adjustment component 6. The turntable structure 5 is installed inside the base 1, and the positioning adjustment component 6 is installed inside the turntable structure 5.

[0023] A circular groove is provided at the center of the top surface of the base 1, and a boss 11 is installed at the center of the circular groove. An elastic pad 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the boss 11. This allows the support point of the PCBA board to be higher than the top surface of the base 1 by setting the elastic pad 12 on the top surface of the boss 11, so as to avoid the turntable structure 5 from driving the PCBA to rotate.

[0024] The turntable structure 5 includes a frameless motor 51, a rotating platform 52, and a heat sink 53. The frameless motor 51 is installed on the inner side wall of the circular groove of the base 1, the rotating platform 52 is installed inside the frameless motor 51, and the heat sink 53 is installed on the top of the frameless motor 51. The rotating platform 52 is annular, and the inner wall of the rotating platform 52 is slidably adapted to the boss 11. The top surface of the rotating platform 52 has three circularly evenly distributed sliding grooves 521.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, an absolute encoder is installed on the rotary table 52 in this application to accurately determine the absolute position of the rotary table 52. Combined with the precise control of the frameless motor 51, the rotation of the rotary table 52 can be precisely adjusted.

[0026] The positioning adjustment assembly 6 includes a moving block 62, an electric slide rail 61, an insertion alignment component 64, a pressing positioning component 65, and an alignment drive assembly 63. The moving block 62 is slidably disposed within the moving slide groove 521. The electric slide rail 61 is installed within the rotary table 52 and is used to drive the moving block 62 to slide within the moving slide groove 521. The insertion alignment component 64 and the pressing positioning component 65 are disposed within the moving block 62. The alignment drive assembly 63 is installed within the moving block 62 and is used to drive the insertion alignment component 64 or the pressing positioning component 65 to move. The insertion alignment component 64 is adapted to push against the outer wall of a square PCBA board or insert into a hole in a perforated PCBA board, while the pressing positioning component 65 is adapted to abut against the cut edge of a PCBA board with a cut edge or press against the inner wall of a notch in a PCBA board with a notch.

[0027] After one of the interlocking alignment components 64 or the extrusion positioning component 65 comes into contact with a specific part of the PCBA to be tested, the PCBA's orientation can be precisely adjusted by coordinating the rotation of the rotary table 52 and the movement of the moving blocks 62 in the other two moving slides 521.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, a movable slider 624 is fixedly installed on the side of the movable block 62 away from the electric slide rail 61, and a sliding groove is provided in the rotary table 52 that communicates with the movable slide groove 521 and is slidably adapted to the movable slider 624.

[0029] As a further description of the above solution, when the PCBA to be tested is square and its position is significantly offset (e.g., the corners of the square PCBA are directly opposite the clamping parts on the clamping structure 2), in order to ensure that the orientation of each component after the PCBA is clamped and fixed corresponds to the pre-set test point position on the test structure 3, the interlocking alignment component 64 can extend from the outside of the PCBA. This allows it to cooperate with the rotation of the rotary table 52 and the movement of the moving block 62 in the moving slide 521 to push the PCBA, thereby reducing the degree of PCBA offset. This ensures that the position of each test point on the PCBA after it is clamped and fixed by the clamping structure 2 is directly opposite the test point position on the test structure 3. In addition, the above operation also helps to prevent the clamping structure 2 from applying pressure to the corners of the PCBA, thus avoiding damage to the PCBA.

[0030] As a further description of the above solution, when the PCBA to be tested is circular and its orientation does not correspond to the detection structure on the test structure 3, the position of the feature parts (cut edges, notches, holes) on the circular PCBA can be determined by inserting the alignment component 64 or the extrusion positioning component 65, and the extrusion positioning components 65 in the three directions can keep the circular PCBA aligned with the center of the test structure 3. With the rotation of the rotary table 52, the orientation of the circular PCBA can be adjusted so that the orientation of the circular PCBA meets the position test requirements of the test structure 3.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-2 and Figures 7-13 As shown, the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBAs also includes a clamping structure 2, a test structure 3, an identification component 7, and a lifting structure 4. The clamping structure 2 is installed on the top surface of the base 1 to clamp the PCBA to be tested. The test structure 3 is located directly above the clamping structure 2 and is used to test the PCBA to be tested. The identification component 7 is installed on the bottom surface of the test structure 3 and is used to identify the type of PCBA to be tested. The lifting structure 4 is installed on the base 1 and is used to adjust the height of the test structure 3.

[0032] As a further description of the above scheme, the types of PCBAs to be tested include square PCBA boards and round PCBA boards. The round PCBA boards include round boards with cut edges, round boards with notches, and round boards with perforations. The identification component 7 is adapted to determine the shape category of the PCBA to be tested by detecting the features of the PCBA to be tested, and at the same time obtain the orientation of the PCBA to be tested.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, in this application, the identification component 7 is mounted on the bottom surface of the test structure 3 via a rotating base. The bottom surface of the rotating base is tilted, and the identification component 7 is an example of an industrial camera (high resolution, high frame rate CMOS or CCD camera) so that when the test structure 3 is at a specific height, the industrial camera can be used to collect information of the placed PCBA. The rotation of the rotating base can increase the acquisition range of the industrial camera, effectively reducing the blind spots that the industrial camera cannot collect, and making the information acquisition of the industrial camera more comprehensive.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the top surfaces of the base 1, the rotating platform 52, and the heat sink 53 are at the same height. The sum of the height of the boss 11 and the thickness of the elastic pad 12 is slightly greater than the depth of the circular groove, so as to prevent the PCBA from rotating with the rotating platform 52 when the PCBA is located on the elastic pad 12.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the sum of the height of the boss 11 and the thickness of the elastic pad 12 in this application needs to meet the following conditions: First, under no external force, the sum of the height of the boss 11 and the thickness of the elastic pad 12 needs to be greater than the depth of the circular groove, so that the top surface of the elastic pad 12 is higher than the top surface of the base 1, so that after the PCBA is placed, the bottom surface of the PCBA is higher than the top surface of the base 1, preventing the PCBA from rotating with the rotary table 52. Second, when the test structure 3 descends for testing, the PCBA is subjected to downward pressure, causing the elastic pad 12 to be compressed. The sum of the thickness of the compressed elastic pad 12 and the height of the boss 11 is consistent with the depth of the circular groove, so as to cooperate with the base 1, the rotary table 52 and the heat sink 53 to fully support the bottom of the PCBA, thereby maintaining test stability.

[0036] Please see Figures 3-4 As shown, the insertion and alignment component 64 includes a first adjusting screw 641 and a vertical insertion rod 642. The first adjusting screw 641 is vertically rotatably mounted inside the moving block 62, and the vertical insertion rod 642 is threaded onto the first adjusting screw 641 and slidably connected to the moving block 62. The vertical insertion rod 642 includes a conical section and a cylindrical section located at the bottom of the conical section. When the vertical insertion rod 642 moves vertically, the conical section is adapted to fit through holes of different sizes in the PCBA, and the cylindrical section on the vertical insertion rod 642 is adapted to abut against the side wall of the PCBA when adjusting the position.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the top surface of the movable block 62 is provided with a circular cavity 621 and a rectangular cavity 622. The interpenetrating alignment component 64 is located in the circular cavity 621, and the vertical insertion rod 642 is slidably adapted to the inner wall of the circular cavity 621. The pressing positioning component 65 is located in the rectangular cavity 622. The bottom outer side of the vertical insertion rod 642 is fixedly connected to a limiting slider 6421. The inner wall of the circular cavity 621 is provided with a limiting groove 623 that is slidably adapted to the limiting slider 6421, so as to restrict the rotation of the vertical insertion rod 642 by the movement of the limiting slider 6421 in the limiting groove 623, and keep the movement of the vertical insertion rod 642 stable.

[0038] Please see Figures 3-4 As shown, the extrusion positioning component 65 includes a lateral adjustment component 652 and a second adjustment screw 651. The lateral adjustment component 652 is vertically slidably disposed within the moving block 62. The second adjustment screw 651 is vertically rotatably mounted within the moving block 62 and is used to adjust the height of the lateral adjustment component 652. The lateral adjustment component 652 can move up and down in the vertical direction as the second adjustment screw 651 rotates.

[0039] As a further description of the above scheme, when the PCBA that needs to be calibrated is circular, after the PCBA is placed, the pressing and positioning components 65 in the three moving blocks 62 need to be operated respectively to make the three lateral adjustment components 652 extend out of the rotating table 52. With the operation of the electric slide rail 61, the three lateral adjustment components 652 move synchronously towards the axis of the boss 11 until the three lateral adjustment components 652 all abut against the outer wall of the PCBA, so that the PCBA is in the center of the boss 11, thereby making the center point of the PCBA coincide with the center point of the test structure 3 in the vertical direction.

[0040] As a further description of the above scheme, after the circular PCBA and the test structure 3 are aligned, if the circular PCBA is a perforated PCBA, the rotary table 52 needs to be rotated again to adjust the position of any one of the moving blocks 62. This is so that when the vertical insertion rod 642 corresponds to the hole of the perforated PCBA, the rotation of the first adjusting screw 641 causes the vertical insertion rod 642 to move upward, so that the vertical insertion rod 642 can be inserted into the hole of the perforated PCBA. This makes it easier to make the coordinates of the vertical insertion rod 642 on the moving block 62 coincide with the coordinates of the hole on the PCBA. Then, the rotary table 52 is rotated again until the coordinates of the vertical insertion rod 642 on the moving block 62 coincide with the corresponding position on the test structure 3, thus achieving the effect of accurately adjusting the PCBA orientation.

[0041] Please see Figures 3-5As shown, the lateral adjustment assembly 652 includes a movable block 6521, a stop plate 6522, a compression spring 6523, a limiting slide rod 6524, and a miniature cylinder 6525. The movable block 6521 is threaded onto the second adjusting screw 651. The stop plate 6522 is located on both sides of the movable block 6521 along its length. The compression spring 6523 is installed between the movable block 6521 and the stop plate 6522. The limiting slide rod 6524 is installed on the stop plate 6522 and slides with the movable block 6521. The miniature cylinder 6525 is installed inside the movable block 6521 and connected to the stop plate 6522. The stop plate 6522 is an extremely elongated Z-shaped structure with an arc-shaped chamfer at the turning point.

[0042] As a further description of the above scheme, during the upward movement of the movable block 6521, the set abutment plate 6522 can move outward under the action of the compression spring 6523, so that when the movable block 6521 is located in the PCBA notch, the abutment plate 6522 contacts the inner wall of the PCBA notch. The operation of the set micro cylinder 6525 can effectively enhance the contact effect of the abutment plate 6522 against the inner wall of the PCBA notch, thereby maintaining the stability of the movable block 6521 in the PCBA notch when adjusting the PCBA position.

[0043] As a further description of the above scheme, after the circular PCBA and the test structure 3 are aligned, the rotary table 52 can be rotated again to adjust the position of any one of the movable blocks 62. When the side of the movable block 6521 near the boss 11 in the width direction coincides with the inner wall of the cut edge or notch on the PCBA near the boss 11, the second adjusting screw 651 can be rotated to make the movable block 6521 extend out of the base 1 and fit against the feature part of the PCBA. This makes the coordinates of the movable block 6521 on the movable block 62 coincide with the coordinates of the cut edge or notch on the PCBA. Then, the rotary table 52 is rotated again until the coordinates of the movable block 6521 on the movable block 62 coincide with the corresponding position on the test structure 3, thereby achieving the effect of accurately adjusting the PCBA orientation.

[0044] As a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, when the coordinates of the movable block 6521 or the vertical insertion rod 642 on the movable block 62 are used as the coordinates of the cut edges, notches or holes on the PCBA, the movable block 6521 in the other two movable blocks 62 can extend out and fit against the outer wall of the circular PCBA, thereby avoiding the center of the circular PCBA from shifting.

[0045] Please see Figures 3-5As shown, the alignment drive assembly 63 includes a clutch 634, a transmission gear 633, an alignment drive member 631, and a drive gear 632. The two clutches 634 are respectively installed at the bottom ends of the first adjusting screw 641 and the second adjusting screw 651. The transmission gear 633 is installed at the bottom end of the clutch 634 and is rotatably connected to the moving block 62. The alignment drive member 631 is fixedly installed in the moving block 62. The drive gear 632 is installed in the output section of the alignment drive member 631 and meshes with the two transmission gears 633.

[0046] As a further description of the above solution, the clutch 634 in this application is electromagnetically controlled so as to control which of the first adjusting screw 641 and the second adjusting screw 651 will rotate as needed. The first adjusting screw 641 and the second adjusting screw 651 can rotate individually or together as needed.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 and Figures 7-8 As shown, the clamping structure 2 includes a fixed frame 21, a transverse clamping component 24, a longitudinal clamping component 27, a first transverse moving component 22, a first transverse guiding component 23, a longitudinal moving component 25, and a longitudinal guiding component 26. The fixed frame 21 is installed on the top surface of the base 1. The two transverse clamping components 24 are symmetrically arranged along the length of the fixed frame 21, and the two longitudinal clamping components 27 are symmetrically arranged along the width of the fixed frame 21. The first transverse moving component 22 and the first transverse guiding component 23 are both installed in the fixed frame 21 along the length of the fixed frame 21 and are used to drive the two transverse clamping components 24 to move apart or closer together. The longitudinal moving component 25 and the longitudinal guiding component 26 are both installed in the fixed frame 21 along the width of the fixed frame 21. The longitudinal moving component 25 and the longitudinal guiding component 26 are used to drive the two longitudinal clamping components 27 to move toward one side apart or closer together.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, the first lateral moving component 22 includes a first driving component 221 and two first threaded sleeves 222 that are threadedly connected to the first driving component 221. The first driving component 221 includes a first dual-head motor 2211 and a first screw 2212. The first dual-head motor 2211 is arranged along the length direction of the fixed frame 21 and installed inside the fixed frame 21. The two first screws 2212 are respectively installed at both ends of the first dual-head motor 2211, and the two first threaded sleeves 222 are respectively threaded onto the two first screws 2212.

[0049] The first transverse guide component 23 includes a first guide rod 231 and two first sliding sleeves 232. The first guide rod 231 is arranged along the length direction of the fixed frame 21 and installed inside the fixed frame 21. The first sliding sleeves 232 are slidably sleeved on the first guide rod 231.

[0050] The transverse clamping component 24 includes two first connecting rods 241 and a transverse clamping plate 242. The two first connecting rods 241 are respectively installed on both sides of the transverse clamping plate 242 in the length direction. One of the two first connecting rods 241 is fixedly connected to the first threaded sleeve 222, and the other is fixedly connected to the first sliding sleeve 232, so that the transverse clamping plate 242 moves laterally inside the fixed frame 21 as the first threaded sleeve 222 rotates.

[0051] The longitudinal moving component 25 includes a second driving component 251 and two second threaded sleeves 252. The second driving component 251 is installed in the fixed frame 21 along the width direction of the fixed frame 21. The second threaded sleeves 252 are threadedly connected to the second driving component 251. The second driving component 251 includes a second double-headed motor 2511 installed in the fixed frame 21 and a second double-headed screw 2512 installed at both ends of the second double-headed motor 2511. The two second threaded sleeves 252 are respectively threaded onto the two second double-headed screws 2512.

[0052] The longitudinal guide component 26 includes a second guide rod 261 and two second sliding sleeves 262. The second guide rod 261 is arranged along the width direction of the fixed frame 21 and installed inside the fixed frame 21. The second sliding sleeves 262 are slidably sleeved on the second guide rod 261.

[0053] The longitudinal clamping component 27 includes two second connecting rods 271 and a longitudinal clamping plate 272. The two second connecting rods 271 are respectively installed on both sides of the longitudinal clamping plate 272 in the longitudinal direction. One of the two second connecting rods 271 is fixedly connected to the second sliding sleeve 262, and the other is fixedly connected to the second threaded sleeve 252, so that the longitudinal clamping plate 272 moves longitudinally inside the fixed frame 21 as the second double-ended screw 2512 rotates.

[0054] Please see Figure 1 and Figures 9-12 As shown, the test structure 3 includes a mounting frame 31, a test component 32, a positioning clamping component 33, a second lateral moving component 34, and a second lateral guiding component 35. The mounting frame 31 is located directly above the fixed frame 21 and is adapted to the size of the fixed frame 21. The test component 32 is inserted and installed at the bottom of the mounting frame 31 and corresponds to the position of the boss 11. The two positioning clamping components 33 are symmetrically arranged in the length direction of the mounting frame 31 and are used to clamp and insert the test component 32. The second lateral moving component 34 and the second lateral guiding component 35 are both installed in the fixed frame 21 along the length direction of the mounting frame 31. The second lateral moving component 34 and the second lateral guiding component 35 are used to drive the two positioning clamping components 33 to move to opposite or similar sides.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the second lateral moving component 34 includes a third driving component 341 and two third threaded sleeves 342. The third driving component 341 is installed in the mounting frame 31 along the length direction of the mounting frame 31. Both third threaded sleeves 342 are threadedly connected to the third driving component 341. The third driving component 341 includes a third dual-head motor 3411 and two third screws 3412. The third dual-head motor 3411 is fixedly installed in the mounting frame 31. The two third screws 3412 are respectively installed at both ends of the third dual-head motor 3411. The two third threaded sleeves 342 are threadedly connected to the two third screws 3412 respectively.

[0056] The second transverse guide component 35 includes a third guide rod 351 and two third sliding sleeves 352. The third guide rod 351 is installed in the mounting frame 31 along the length direction of the mounting frame 31, and the two third sliding sleeves 352 are slidably sleeved on the third guide rod 351.

[0057] The positioning clamping component 33 includes a positioning clamping plate 332, third connecting rods 331 installed on both sides of the positioning clamping plate 332 along its length, and a positioning insert rod 333 installed on the side of the positioning clamping plate 332 near the center of the mounting frame 31. One of the two third connecting rods 331 is fixedly connected to the third sliding sleeve 352, and the other is fixedly connected to the third threaded sleeve 342, so that the positioning clamping plate 332 moves laterally within the mounting frame 31 as the third screw 3412 rotates.

[0058] As a further preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the outer side of the test component 32 is provided with a positioning slot corresponding to the position of the positioning rod 333, and the positioning slot and the positioning rod 333 are slidably adapted to each other so that when the two positioning clamps 332 come together, the cooperation between the positioning rod 333 and the positioning slot can be used to keep the installation of the test component 32 stable.

[0059] Please see Figures 9-12 As shown, a connecting plug 321 is fixedly connected to the top center of the test component 32. The connecting plug 321 is a square structure with rounded chamfers at the corners. A connecting slot 312 that slides and adapts to the connecting plug 321 is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 31, and the connecting slot 312 corresponds to the position of the rotating table 52. This facilitates the installation of the test component 32 at the center of the mounting frame 31 by using the cooperation of the connecting plug 321 and the connecting slot 312.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, when the PCBA requiring orientation calibration is circular, the position corresponding to the feature (cut edge, notch, hole) on the test component 32 and the PCBA under test is first used as a fixed mark. Then, the moving block 62 on the rotary table 52 that coincides with the feature point on the PCBA under test is used as a movable mark. When the PCBA is aligned and the orientation of the PCBA is adjusted, the frameless motor 51 can be operated according to the coordinates of the fixed mark to adjust the angle of the rotary table 52 so that the moving block 62, which serves as the movable mark, coincides with the fixed mark in the vertical direction, thereby achieving the effect of accurately adjusting the orientation of the PCBA and making the orientation of the PCBA adaptively meet the test requirements.

[0061] As another preferred embodiment of the above solution, the test component 32 in this application is adapted to be pre-set according to the shape and size of the PCBA to be tested and the electronic devices to be tested, so that the test fixture can meet the testing requirements of different PCBAs by changing the test component 32.

[0062] Please see Figures 1-2 As shown, the lifting structure 4 includes a top plate 41 and a lifting component 42. The top plate 41 is located above the base 1, and a support plate 411 is fixedly installed between the top plate 41 and the base 1. The lifting component 42 is installed on the top plate 41 to drive the test structure 3 to move up and down.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment of the above solution, the lifting component 42 includes a lifting motor 421, a lifting screw 422, and a threaded block 423. The lifting motor 421 is installed on the top of the top plate 41. One end of the lifting screw 422 is installed at the output end of the lifting motor 421, and the other end of the lifting screw 422 is rotatably connected to the base 1. The outer thread of the lifting screw 422 is threaded with a threaded block 423 that is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 31, so that the threaded block 423 can drive the mounting frame 31 to move up and down when the lifting screw 422 is raised.

[0064] As another preferred embodiment of the above solution, the mounting frame 31 is fixedly connected to the side of the support plate 411 near the support plate 411 with an upper limit frame 311 sleeved on the support plate 411, and the upper limit frame 311 is slidably adapted to the support plate 411, thereby maintaining the stability of the mounting frame 31 during the up and down movement.

[0065] The working process of the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA described above is as follows: When testing a square PCBA, the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBAs requires the identification component 7 to identify that the placed PCBA is square. The next step is to determine whether the movement of the horizontal clamping plate 242 and the vertical clamping plate 272 will damage the PCBA based on the PCBA's orientation. The determination method is to check whether the position on the PCBA corresponding to the horizontal clamping plate 242 and the vertical clamping plate 272 is a side or an end corner. If it is a side, the movement of the horizontal clamping plate 242 and the vertical clamping plate 272 will not damage the PCBA. If it is an end corner, the orientation of the PCBA needs to be adjusted using the positioning adjustment component 6 set on the rotary table 52. When adjusting the orientation of the square PCBA, firstly, while rotating the rotary table 52, the electric slide rail 61 is operated to move any one of the moving blocks 62 to the outside of the square PCBA. Then, the vertical insert rod 642 in the moving block 62 is extended outward so that the cylindrical section of the vertical insert rod 642 corresponds to the side wall of the square PCBA. Then, simply rotate the rotary table 52 again and move the moving block 62 to achieve the effect of using the vertical insert rod 642 to move the square PCBA, thereby reducing the degree of PCBA offset and ensuring that the movement of the horizontal clamping plate 242 and the vertical clamping plate 272 will not damage the PCBA. After confirming that the movement of the horizontal clamp 242 and the vertical clamp 272 will not damage the PCBA, the horizontal clamp 242 and the vertical clamp 272 are moved synchronously until the outer wall of the square PCBA is released. This achieves the function of clamping the square PCBA to the center of the fixed frame 21, so that the test point of the square PCBA corresponds to the position of the detection structure on the test component 32. At this time, the mounting frame 31 on which the test component 32 is installed is lowered to achieve accurate detection of the square PCBA.

[0066] When testing a circular PCBA, the adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shaped PCBAs, if the identification component 7 identifies that the placed PCBA is circular, firstly, the movable blocks 6521 of the three moving blocks 62 need to extend outwards. Then, the three moving blocks 62 move from the outside to the inside of the rotary table 52 within the moving slide 521 until all three movable blocks 6521 contact the outer wall of the circular PCBA. At this point, the circular PCBA and the test component 32 can be aligned. Afterwards, the identification component 7 needs to be used to identify the type of the circular PCBA (cut edge PCBA, notched PCBA, perforated PCBA) and obtain the coordinates of its characteristic parts (cut edge, notch, perforation). When the identification component 7 identifies the circular PCBA as a perforated PCBA, it first rotates the rotary table 52 to adjust the position of any one of the moving blocks 62 so that the vertical insertion rod 642 corresponds to the hole position on the perforated PCBA. Then, it inserts the vertical insertion rod 642 in the moving block 62 into the hole on the perforated PCBA (the vertical insertion rod 642 coincides with the hole coordinates on the perforated PCBA), and makes the movable blocks 6521 in the other two moving blocks 62 fit against the outer wall of the perforated PCBA. Thus, while maintaining the concentricity of the perforated PCBA and the test component 32, the orientation of the perforated PCBA can be adjusted by rotating the rotary table 52 until the hole on the perforated PCBA coincides with the preset mark coordinates (the horizontal coordinates on the test component 32 that correspond to the perforation position). This achieves precise alignment of the perforated PCBA and the test component 32, so that the perforated PCBA can be accurately detected by lowering the mounting frame 31. When the identification component 7 identifies the circular PCBA as a cut-edge PCBA, firstly, the movable block 6521 in any one of the moving blocks 62 needs to extend outward. Then, the rotary table 52 is rotated to adjust the position of the moving block 62 so that the movable block 6521 in the moving block 62 moves toward and fits the cut edge on the cut-edge PCBA (the coordinates of the cut edge coincide with the coordinates of the movable block 6521). At this time, the movable blocks 6521 in the other two moving blocks 62 extend out and fit against the outer wall of the cut-edge PCBA. This allows the position of the cut-edge PCBA to be adjusted by rotating the rotary table 52 while maintaining the concentricity of the cut-edge PCBA and the test component 32. This continues until the cut edge on the cut-edge PCBA coincides with the preset mark coordinates (the coordinates on the test component 32 that correspond to the position of the cut edge). This achieves precise alignment between the cut-edge PCBA and the test component 32, enabling precise detection of the cut-edge PCBA by lowering the mounting frame 31. When the identification component 7 identifies the circular PCBA as a notched PCBA, firstly, the movable block 6521 in any one of the moving blocks 62 needs to extend outward. Then, the rotary table 52 is rotated to adjust the position of the moving block 62 so that the movable block 6521 in the moving block 62 moves toward the notch of the notched PCBA and fits against the inner wall of the notch on the notched PCBA (the coordinates of the notch coincide with the coordinates of the movable block 6521). At this time, the movable blocks 6521 in the other two moving blocks 62 extend out and fit against the outer wall of the notched PCBA. This allows the notched PCBA to maintain concentricity with the test component 32 while coordinating with the rotation of the rotary table 52 to adjust the orientation of the notched PCBA until the notch on the notched PCBA coincides with the preset mark coordinates (the coordinates on the test component 32 that correspond to the position of the notch). This achieves precise alignment between the notched PCBA and the test component 32, enabling precise detection of the notched PCBA by lowering the mounting frame 31.

[0067] It should be noted that this application also includes an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The computer program is executed by the processor to perform the working process of the above-mentioned adaptive test fixture.

[0068] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBAs, characterized in that, Includes a base (1), a turntable structure (5) installed in the base (1), and a positioning adjustment component (6) installed in the turntable structure (5). A circular groove is provided at the center of the top surface of the base (1), and a boss (11) is installed at the center of the circular groove. An elastic pad (12) is fixedly connected to the top of the boss (11). The turntable structure (5) includes a frameless motor (51), a rotating platform (52) installed inside the frameless motor (51), and a heat sink (53) installed on the top of the frameless motor (51); the top surface of the rotating platform (52) is provided with three circularly evenly distributed sliding grooves (521), and the rotating platform (52) is annular. The positioning adjustment assembly (6) includes a movable block (62) slidably disposed in the movable slide groove (521), an electric slide rail (61) installed in the rotary table (52) and used to drive the movable block (62) to slide in the movable slide groove (521), an insertion alignment component (64) and a pressing positioning component (65) disposed in the movable block (62), and an alignment drive assembly (63) installed in the movable block (62) for driving the insertion alignment component (64) or the pressing positioning component (65) to move. The insertion alignment component (64) is adapted to push against the outer wall of the square PCBA or insert into the hole of the circular PCBA with perforation. The pressing positioning component (65) is adapted to abut against the cut edge of the circular PCBA with chopped edge or press against the inner wall of the notch of the circular PCBA with notch. After the interlocking alignment component (64) or the extrusion positioning component (65) contacts a specific part of the PCBA to be tested, the PCBA orientation can be precisely adjusted by cooperating with the rotation of the rotary table (52) and the movement of the moving blocks (62) in the other two moving slides (521).

2. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping structure (2), a test structure (3), an identification component (7), and a lifting structure (4). The clamping structure (2) is installed on the top surface of the base (1) for clamping the PCBA to be tested. The test structure (3) is located directly above the clamping structure (2) and is used to test the PCBA to be tested. The identification component (7) is installed on the bottom surface of the test structure (3) and is used to identify the type of PCBA to be tested. The lifting structure (4) is installed on the base (1) and is used to adjust the height of the test structure (3).

3. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surfaces of the base (1), the rotating platform (52) and the heat sink (53) are at the same height. The sum of the height of the boss (11) and the thickness of the elastic pad (12) is slightly greater than the depth of the circular groove, so as to prevent the PCBA from rotating with the rotating platform (52) when it is located on the elastic pad (12).

4. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion and alignment component (64) includes a first adjusting screw (641) that is vertically rotatably mounted in the moving block (62) and a vertical insertion rod (642) that is threaded onto the first adjusting screw (641) and slidably connected to the moving block (62). The vertical insertion rod (642) includes a conical section and a cylindrical section located at the bottom of the conical section. When the vertical insertion rod (642) moves vertically, the conical section is adapted to fit through holes of different sizes in the PCBA. The cylindrical section on the vertical insertion rod (642) is adapted to abut against the side wall of the PCBA when adjusting the orientation.

5. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 4, characterized in that, The extrusion positioning component (65) includes a lateral adjustment assembly (652) that is vertically slidably disposed within the moving block (62) and a second adjustment screw (651) that is vertically rotatably mounted within the moving block (62) and used to adjust the height of the lateral adjustment assembly (652).

6. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lateral adjustment assembly (652) includes a movable block (6521) threaded onto the second adjusting screw (651), abutments (6252) located on both sides of the movable block (6521) along its length, a compression spring (6523) installed between the movable block (6521) and the abutments (6252), a limiting slide rod (6524) installed on the abutments (6252) and slidably adapted to the movable block (6521), and a miniature cylinder (6525) installed inside the movable block (6521) and connected to the abutments (6252). The abutments (6252) are extremely elongated Z-shaped structures with curved chamfers at the turning points.

7. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 5, characterized in that, The alignment drive assembly (63) includes two clutches (634) respectively mounted on the bottom ends of the first adjusting screw (641) and the second adjusting screw (651), a transmission gear (633) mounted on the bottom end of the clutches (634) and rotatably connected to the moving block (62), an alignment drive member (631) fixedly mounted in the moving block (62), and a drive gear (632) mounted on the output section of the alignment drive member (631) and meshing with the two transmission gears (633).

8. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping structure (2) includes a fixed frame (21) mounted on the top surface of the base (1), two transverse clamping components (24) symmetrically arranged in the length direction of the fixed frame (21), two longitudinal clamping components (27) symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the fixed frame (21), a first transverse moving component (22) and a first transverse guiding component (23) mounted in the fixed frame (21) along the length direction of the fixed frame (21) for driving the two transverse clamping components (24) to move apart or close to each other, and a longitudinal moving component (25) and a longitudinal guiding component (26) mounted in the fixed frame (21) along the width direction of the fixed frame (21). The longitudinal moving component (25) and the longitudinal guiding component (26) are adapted to drive the two longitudinal clamping components (27) to move toward one side apart or close to each other.

9. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test structure (3) includes a mounting frame (31) located directly above the fixed frame (21) and adapted to the size of the fixed frame (21), a test component (32) inserted and installed at the bottom of the mounting frame (31) and corresponding to the position of the boss (11), two positioning clamping components (33) symmetrically arranged in the length direction of the mounting frame (31) for clamping and inserting the test component (32), a second lateral moving component (34) and a second lateral guiding component (35) installed in the fixed frame (21) along the length direction of the mounting frame (31), the second lateral moving component (34) and the second lateral guiding component (35) cooperating to drive the two positioning clamping components (33) to move to opposite or near sides.

10. The adaptive alignment test fixture for multi-shape PCBA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting structure (4) includes a top plate (41) installed above the base (1) and a lifting component (42) installed on the top plate (41) for driving the test structure (3) to move up and down. A support plate (411) is fixedly installed between the top plate (41) and the base (1).

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