Wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulching film

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a wheat and cotton double-harvest planting method based on two-season reuse of a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film. An irrigation and coverage system which can be continuously reused in wheat and cotton crops is constructed. According to the system, agricultural machinery is modified, 10 rows of wheat and 3 rows of cotton are planted on each 205cm mulching film, and 3 or 4 drip irrigation belts are laid under the mulching film; wheat row spacing is set to be different, cotton is planted at equal row spacing, and cotton semi-precision or precision seeding is carried out at a wheat reserved row spacing center line by using a seeding machine without parts such as a paving film and a paving belt; the whole growth period follows a water and fertilizer cooperation strategy of wheat management priority and cotton life-saving management; when wheat is harvested, a special harvester additionally provided with a protection plate is adopted. The mulching film and the drip irrigation belt can be used in two seasons at a time, the production cost is remarkably reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, the contradiction of grain and cotton land contention is effectively solved through the precise agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion technology, and the cooperative high yield of grain and cotton is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and specifically relates to a method for achieving double harvests of wheat and cotton based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film in two seasons. This innovative planting method realizes the continuous reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film in two-season crops, significantly reducing input costs, minimizing environmental pollution, fully utilizing the potential of light and heat resources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and achieving double harvests of grain and cotton. Background Technology

[0002] Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, a major cotton-growing area in my country, accounts for over 90% of the country's annual cotton production, making it a core pillar of the national cotton industry. However, the region has long relied on a single-cropping system for cotton, leading to a series of problems, including increasingly severe soil erosion due to continuous cropping and a continuous decline in ecosystem services. These problems manifest as imbalances in soil microbial communities, increased soil-borne diseases, and deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, seriously hindering the sustainable development of cotton fields. Simultaneously, with the deepening of the national food security strategy, balancing cotton production with the improvement of grain production capacity has become a crucial issue facing agriculture in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

[0003] While traditional wheat-cotton intercropping techniques can theoretically alleviate the conflict between grain and cotton for land, they have many limitations in practical application:

[0004] First, the existing intercropping model is severely out of step with the requirements of modern agricultural mechanization. Adopting planting patterns from cotton-growing areas in inland China, such as row spacing configurations of (70+80) cm or (30+70) cm, requires customized or specially modified agricultural machinery. For example, wheat is typically sown in rows, while cotton is sown in hills; cotton planters cannot be used for wheat planting. Therefore, converting cotton-co-cropped fields to wheat requires farmers to purchase separate wheat planters, increasing production costs and reducing operational efficiency. Particularly during wheat harvesting, due to improper cotton row spacing, harvesters frequently crush or damage cotton seedlings, and even adding protective devices cannot completely prevent such problems.

[0005] Secondly, resource utilization efficiency is low. In conventional intercropping, wheat and cotton require the laying of plastic film and drip irrigation tape respectively, leading to redundant input of agricultural production materials. This not only increases costs but also exacerbates white pollution in farmland. Statistics show that traditional intercropping requires an additional 4-8 kg of plastic film and 800-1000 m of drip irrigation tape per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), directly increasing costs by more than 300 yuan.

[0006] Furthermore, due to the lack of a systematic and precise water, fertilizer and pesticide synergistic management plan for the wheat-cotton co-existing period, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control measures during the wheat-cotton co-existing period often fall short of each other, making it difficult to achieve high yields for both grain and cotton. In particular, in terms of water and fertilizer management, the lack of precise control plans often leads to excessive cotton growth or reduced wheat yield.

[0007] Finally, existing technologies lack systematic research on key parameters such as the selection of agricultural mulch film, the configuration of drip irrigation systems, and the matching of crop varieties, resulting in inconsistent practical application effects. Farmers in different regions often rely on experience during implementation, leading to a low rate of technical proficiency and seriously affecting the promotion of this technology.

[0008] Given the aforementioned technical bottlenecks in existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a wheat-cotton intercropping technology that enables the continuous reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film in two-season crops, providing solid and reliable technical support for the coordinated increase of grain and cotton production in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the serious disconnect between existing intercropping models and the requirements of modern agricultural mechanization, low resource utilization efficiency, lack of systematic and precise water, fertilizer, and pesticide synergistic management solutions for the wheat-cotton co-op period, and difficulty in achieving high yields through grain-cotton synergy. It innovatively develops a wheat-cotton double-harvest planting method based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film for two seasons, successfully constructs a complete integrated technology system for wheat-cotton intercropping, and overcomes several key technical challenges such as mechanized operations, efficient resource recycling, and precise field management.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for achieving double-harvest wheat and cotton cultivation based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film for two seasons, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1. Pre-crop treatment and land preparation: After the previous year's cotton is harvested by machine, the drip irrigation tape and mulch film are recycled. The cotton stalks are crushed to a particle size of ≤8cm and then returned to the field evenly. The land is then prepared to ensure that the field meets the quality standards of "even, level, loose, crushed, clean and moist".

[0012] 2. The establishment of a wheat sowing and reuse system, including:

[0013] 201. Seeder modification: Modify the conventional 205cm single-film 6-row cotton drip irrigation precision seeder to increase the total number of seeders to 10, and rearrange and fix the matching devices according to the specifications required for single-film 10-row wheat and laying 3 or 4 inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes.

[0014] 202. Wheat Variety Selection and Sowing: Select early-maturing winter wheat varieties, preferably those suitable for double harvesting in southern Xinjiang, with well-developed stems, lodging resistance, short stalks, and high yield and quality. Mechanized hill sowing of 10 rows of wheat under a single plastic film should be completed between October 10th and November 5th. Use a pointed-nozzle duckbill type hill sower with a spacing of 9.5-10.5cm between hills, sowing 10-15 grains of wheat per hill at a rate of 17-20kg / mu (approximately 11-13 kg / acre), at a depth of 2.6-3.0cm. Differentiated row spacing should be used for wheat, reserving space for cotton rows, ensuring each plastic film has enough space for 10 rows of wheat and 3 rows of cotton. Cover the wheat rows with soil.

[0015] 203. Reusable system installation: When sowing, the mulch film should be laid simultaneously, with a width of 205cm and a thickness of 0.010~0.015mm; 3 or 4 drip irrigation tapes should be laid simultaneously, with a dripper flow rate of 1.8~2.4L / h and a dripper spacing of 20cm or 30cm;

[0016] 204. Post-sowing management of wheat: Drip water at a rate of 20-30 m³ / mu within 48 hours after sowing. For saline-alkali land, apply humic acid liquid fertilizer or saline-alkali soil conditioner with the drip water. If soil moisture is required, drip water again after 3-5 days.

[0017] 3. Precision cotton seeding based on a reuse system, including:

[0018] 301. Cotton variety selection: Select early-maturing cotton varieties with a growth period of 119-124 days and a first fruiting branch height of ≥18cm. The best varieties are those with a moderately loose plant type, concentrated boll opening, high yield and quality, resistance to herbicides, resistance to stress and pests, well-developed stems, and suitability for machine harvesting.

[0019] 302. Cotton Sowing: During the heading stage of the year following wheat sowing, cotton is sown directly using the plastic film and drip irrigation tape already laid during wheat sowing in step 202. A seeder with three seeders is used, which is equipped with two or three 205cm plastic films and suitable for sowing three rows of cotton on each film. The seeder's beak is pointed. Cotton planting rows are formed by sowing at the center line of the reserved cotton rows, and the cotton planting rows are not covered with soil. When the cotton planting hole spacing is set to 9.5~10.5cm, a semi-precision sowing mode of 2 seeds per hole or "1+2 seed cycle" is used. When the cotton planting hole spacing is set to 5.7~6.2cm, a precision sowing mode of 1 seed per hole is used.

[0020] 4. Collaborative field management under a reused system, including:

[0021] 401. Management during the wheat-cotton co-existence period: During the wheat-cotton co-existence period from cotton emergence to wheat harvest, field management adopts the strategy of "prioritizing wheat management and implementing life-saving management for cotton"; cotton irrigation follows the principle of "determining according to wheat water needs", water is supplied only when wheat is irrigated, and cotton irrigation is suspended when wheat is not irrigated, so as to achieve cotton seedling hardening through precise water control; for cotton fields with excessive cotton growth, spray 1~2g / mu of chlormequat chloride from the end of May to the beginning of June to ensure that the cotton plant height is controlled at ≤30cm before wheat harvest;

[0022] 402. Wheat water and fertilizer management: Except for one drip irrigation before and after cotton sowing, wheat should be drip 6-8 times throughout its growth period. Winter irrigation should be 40-60 m³ / mu as appropriate, spring irrigation should be 1-2 times during the greening-jointing stage, 20-35 m³ / mu each time, jointing-flowering stage should be 2-3 times, 30-45 m³ / mu each time, and grain-filling stage should be 3 times, 20-30 m³ / mu each time. Throughout the growth period, urea 25-30 kg / mu, monoammonium phosphate 10-15 kg / mu and potassium sulfate 10-15 kg / mu should be applied with irrigation water, of which 25%-40% should be applied as basal fertilizer and the remainder as top dressing.

[0023] 403. Cotton water and fertilizer management: Except for the first drip irrigation immediately after wheat harvest, drip irrigation should be carried out 7-8 times, with a cycle of 6-10 days. Irrigation should be stopped in mid-to-late August of the following year. During the budding stage, each irrigation should be 25-30 m³ / mu, and during the flowering and boll-opening stage, each irrigation should be 25-35 m³ / mu. Throughout the entire growth period, apply urea 20-25 kg / mu, monoammonium phosphate 15-20 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-5 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate 10-15 kg / mu with each irrigation. Top-dressing should be carried out simultaneously with each irrigation, with light top-dressing during the budding stage, heavy top-dressing during the flowering and boll-opening stage, and light top-dressing during the last irrigation.

[0024] 404. Plant Protection Management: Topping should be carried out from July 15th to 20th of the following year, and a defoliant and ripening agent containing herbicides should be sprayed around September 20th; before cotton intercropping, the control of wheat diseases and pests should follow the control methods for single-crop wheat fields; after wheat harvest, the control of cotton diseases and pests should follow the control measures for single-crop cotton fields; during the wheat-cotton co-cropping period, the pesticides used for the control of diseases, pests and weeds should meet the safety requirements for wheat;

[0025] 5. Double Harvest: Through the rational management of the reuse system, double harvests of grain and cotton can be achieved in both seasons, including:

[0026] 501. Wheat Harvesting: Includes two methods: harvesting only grains and harvesting grains and straw together; wheat harvesting machinery is compatible with combine harvesters with an inner wheel track ≥172cm and an outer wheel track ≤284cm; protect planted cotton by adding protective plates to combine harvesters and adjusting the header height; adjust the straw discharge outlet guide plate to discharge straw into the wheat row or use a spring tooth pick-up square baler for straw collection, place the baled straw at the edge of the field, and transport it to the designated location;

[0027] 502. Cotton Harvesting: Cotton harvesting operations shall be carried out using the same cotton harvesters as those used in monoculture cotton fields.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of step 202, the row spacing of wheat plants including the reserved cotton rows is 25.0~30.0cm, and the row spacing between other wheat plants is 15.3~17.0cm.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of step 203, when three drip irrigation tapes are laid, the distance between each drip irrigation tape and the reserved cotton planting row is 7.5 cm.

[0030] As another preferred embodiment of step 203, when four drip irrigation tapes are laid, the first drip irrigation tape from one side of the mulch film to the opposite side is 7.5 cm away from the first row of wheat, the fourth drip irrigation tape is 7.5 cm away from the tenth row of wheat, and the remaining two drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle positions between the third and fourth rows of wheat and between the seventh and eighth rows of wheat, respectively.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of step 302, the position of the seeder of the cotton planter is adjusted so that the row spacing of cotton in the film and the adjacent rows of the two films after wheat harvest is 76cm. The power machinery used for sowing is a tractor used for inter-row cultivation in single-crop cotton fields.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of step 402, the wheat is drip-irrigated once 2-4 days before cotton sowing, with an irrigation volume of 20-30 m³ / mu; after cotton sowing, drip irrigation is carried out once through the existing drip irrigation tape, with a drip volume of 15-20 m³ / mu. During drip irrigation, at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water-soluble diammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer, or bio-fertilizer is applied with the irrigation water to promote cotton emergence and early growth.

[0033] As a preferred option in step 404, when controlling wheat aphids during the wheat-cotton co-cropping period, it is also necessary to control cotton thrips and early cotton aphids. Flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, or high-efficiency cyhalothrin can be used for spraying. Before cotton intercropping, wheat weeding should be done with clopyralid or a compound herbicide of diflubenzuron and oxychloride. It is strictly forbidden to spray wheat with MCPA. After wheat harvest, the cotton field should be immediately loosened and weeded with a rotary tiller. Then, the cotton should be irrigated with drip irrigation at a rate of 25-40 m³ / mu. 3-5 days after the drip irrigation, glyphosate herbicides should be sprayed for weeding.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of step 501, when only grains are harvested, they should be harvested between June 7th and 15th of the following year, when the wheat is at the end of its waxy ripening stage, and the grain moisture content should be ≤18%.

[0035] As another preferred option for step 501, when the grains and straw are harvested together, the harvest is carried out at the end of May to the beginning of June of the following year, when the wheat is in the early waxy ripe stage. After harvesting, the grains are piled up and left to dry for about 7 days before being threshed and stored in the warehouse.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, in step 501, the height of the combine harvester header is adjusted to 25cm, which is higher than or slightly lower than the height of cotton when wheat is harvested, and a protective plate of about 20cm in length is installed on the header corresponding to the cotton planting row to protect the planted cotton.

[0037] The core technical solution of the above embodiments of the present invention is: to construct a drip irrigation tape and mulch film system that can be continuously reused in both wheat and cotton crops. During the application of this reuse system, a modified seeder is used in conjunction with it, along with differentiated wheat row spacing and precise field management strategies. Compared with existing technical solutions, its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0038] 1. Significant economic benefits: The innovative model of "one-time investment and two-season reuse" of mulch film and drip irrigation tape can directly save more than 30% of the cost of production materials. At the same time, it provides effective technical support for ensuring food security and promoting farmers' income through high yield synergy between grain and cotton. Through practical application verification, the yield of wheat per mu can reach 370-415 kg, and the yield of seed cotton per mu can reach 345-405 kg, with a significant improvement in comprehensive benefits. It shows good prospects for promotion and application in the field of agricultural production.

[0039] 2. Significant ecological benefits: It significantly reduces the amount of plastic film and drip irrigation tape used and the risk of their residues from the source, effectively mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution and avoiding increased costs and environmental pollution caused by using plastic film, drip irrigation tape and seeders for two different crops. Through precise water and fertilizer regulation technology, it can optimize the soil ecological environment and alleviate crop rotation obstacles, which is in line with the current development direction of green agriculture.

[0040] 3. Strong technical adaptability: Through targeted modifications to mainstream agricultural machinery and optimization of row spacing, it is perfectly adapted to the large-scale, mechanized production model of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, significantly improving production efficiency and effectively solving the industry pain point of insufficient compatibility between intercropping and large agricultural machinery.

[0041] 4. Precise and efficient management: The innovative "wheat priority, cotton survival" management strategy, along with specific plant height and water and fertilizer control parameters, successfully solved the management problems during the wheat-cotton co-existence period, ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of the technical solution. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The following figures are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the detailed embodiments to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. They include:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps in the double-harvest planting method for wheat and cotton based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film in two seasons, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a planting pattern in which three drip irrigation tapes are laid on each sheet of film in a wheat-cotton intercropping plot;

[0045] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a planting pattern in which four drip irrigation tapes are laid on each sheet of film in a wheat-cotton intercropping plot.

[0046] [Explanation of Key Component Symbols]

[0047] 1-Wheat plant; 2-Cotton plant; 3-Drip irrigation tape; RS1-Wheat row spacing including reserved cotton rows; RS2-Wheat row spacing; RS3-Cotton row spacing. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0049] This invention addresses existing problems by providing a double-harvest planting method for wheat and cotton based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film for two seasons. The planting method enables the mulch film and drip irrigation tape to be used for two seasons with a single investment, significantly reducing production costs and mitigating environmental pollution. Through precise integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, it effectively resolves the conflict between grain and cotton for land, ensuring high yields for both grain and cotton.

[0050] To achieve the above technical solution, such as Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for double-harvest wheat and cotton planting based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and mulch film in two seasons, including the following steps:

[0051] S1. Pre-planting treatment and land preparation;

[0052] S2. Establishment of a wheat sowing and reuse system, including:

[0053] S201. Seeder modification;

[0054] S202. Wheat variety selection and sowing;

[0055] S203. Deployment of reuse systems;

[0056] S204. Post-sowing management of wheat;

[0057] S3. Precision cotton seeding based on a reuse system, including:

[0058] S301. Selection of cotton varieties;

[0059] S302. Cotton sowing;

[0060] S4. Collaborative field management under a reuse system, including:

[0061] S401. Management during the wheat-cotton symbiotic period;

[0062] S402. Water and fertilizer management for wheat;

[0063] S403. Water and fertilizer management for cotton;

[0064] S404. Plant protection management;

[0065] S5. Double harvest, including:

[0066] S501. Wheat harvest;

[0067] S502. Cotton harvesting.

[0068] As a better implementation method:

[0069] In S202, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the row spacing RS1 for wheat, including the reserved rows for cotton, is 25.0~30.0cm, and the row spacing RS2 for other wheat plants is 15.3~17.0cm, for example, 15.3, 15.6, 15.9, 16.2, 16.8 or 17.0cm.

[0070] In S203, such as Figure 2 As shown, when three drip irrigation tapes are laid, the distance between each drip irrigation tape and the reserved cotton planting row is 7.5cm.

[0071] In S203, when four drip irrigation tapes are laid, the first drip irrigation tape from one side of the mulch film to the opposite side is 7.5 cm away from the first row of wheat, the fourth drip irrigation tape is 7.5 cm away from the tenth row of wheat, and the remaining two drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle positions between the third and fourth rows of wheat and between the seventh and eighth rows of wheat, respectively.

[0072] In S302, the position of the seeder of the cotton planter is adjusted so that the row spacing of cotton in the film and the adjacent rows of the two films after wheat harvest is 76cm.

[0073] In S402, wheat is irrigated once by drip irrigation 2-4 days before cotton sowing, with an irrigation volume of 20-30 m³ / mu, for example, 20, 22, 25, 28 or 30 m³ / mu; after cotton sowing, it is irrigated once by drip irrigation through the existing drip irrigation tape, with a drip volume of 15-20 m³ / mu, for example, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 m³ / mu. During drip irrigation, at least one of the following is applied with the water: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water-soluble diammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer or bio-fertilizer.

[0074] In S404, when controlling wheat aphids during the wheat-cotton co-cropping period, it is also necessary to control cotton thrips and early cotton aphids. Use flupyradifurone, fipronil, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, or high-efficiency cyhalothrin for spraying. Before cotton intercropping, use clopyralid or a combination of diflubenzuron and oxychloride as a herbicide for wheat weed control. Spraying MCPA on wheat is strictly prohibited. After wheat harvest, immediately perform rotary tillage and weeding operations on the cotton field, followed by drip irrigation of the cotton field at a rate of 25-40 m³ / mu (e.g., 25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 36, 38, or 40 m³ / mu). Spray glyphosate herbicides 3-5 days after the drip irrigation.

[0075] In S501, when only grains are harvested, they should be harvested between June 7th and 15th of the following year, after the wheat has reached the late waxy maturity stage, and the grain moisture content should be ≤18%.

[0076] In S501, when the grains and straw are harvested together, the wheat is harvested at the beginning of the waxy ripening stage in late May to early June of the following year. After harvesting, the grains are piled up and left to ripen for about 7 days before being threshed and stored in the warehouse.

[0077] In S501, the height of the combine harvester header is adjusted to 25cm, which is higher or slightly lower than the height of the cotton at harvest time. A protective plate of about 20cm in length is installed on the header corresponding to the cotton planting row to protect the planted cotton.

[0078] The following four specific embodiments illustrate in detail the technical solutions protected by the claims of this invention. These embodiments demonstrate the application effects of using different drip irrigation tape configurations and sowing patterns under different soil conditions and water resource conditions.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] Implementation time: 2024.

[0081] Location: Yeyungou Township, Luntai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This plot is located in the main cotton-producing area of ​​southern Xinjiang, with an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 4310℃.

[0082] Soil conditions: Conventional sandy loam, medium to high soil fertility, pH 8.2; previous crop was cotton.

[0083] Facilities: A complete drip irrigation system has been pre-installed, which is shared by wheat and cotton.

[0084] Planting method: Four drip irrigation tapes and semi-precision seeding method.

[0085] Specific implementation steps:

[0086] 1. Pre-planting treatment and land preparation

[0087] After the cotton harvest last year, the drip irrigation tape and mulch film were recycled. The cotton stalks were crushed to a particle size of ≤8cm and then returned to the field evenly. A combined tillage machine was used to prepare the land to ensure that the quality standards of "evenness, flatness, looseness, crushing, cleanliness, and moisture" were met.

[0088] 2. Establishment of the wheat sowing and reuse system (October 20th of that year)

[0089] Seeder Modification Plan: The conventional 205cm single-film 6-row cotton seeder will be upgraded by adding four seeders and their matching seed boxes and transmission devices, as well as one drip irrigation tape laying device, bringing the total number of single-film seeders to 10 and the number of drip irrigation tapes laid under the single film to 4. Specifically, according to the requirements of planting 10 rows of wheat under a single film and laying 4 inlaid drip irrigation tapes, the matching devices will be rearranged and fixed to achieve the same drip irrigation system for wheat and cotton.

[0090] Variety selection and sowing method: Select Xin Dong 20, an early-maturing winter wheat variety with robust stems and excellent lodging resistance. Set the spacing between holes to 9.8cm and use a pointed-nozzle duckbill seeder for sowing, ensuring that the seed quantity per hole is precisely controlled at 12±1 seeds, with a total seed quantity of 18kg / mu. Strictly control the sowing depth between 2.7 and 2.8cm and ensure that the seed rows are evenly covered with soil.

[0091] Line spacing configuration: Use differentiated configuration, such as Figure 3 As shown, the row spacing RS1 of wheat plants with reserved cotton rows is set at 28cm, and the row spacing RS2 of wheat plants with 6 plants is set at 16cm, ensuring that each film has a configuration of ten rows of wheat plants 1 and three rows of cotton plants 2, with the wheat plants 1 and cotton plants 2 arranged alternately in an east-west direction.

[0092] Reuse system installation: Simultaneously lay a 205cm wide and 0.012mm thick plastic film, and install four embedded drip irrigation tapes 3 with a dripper flow rate of 2.0L / h and a dripper spacing of 30cm. The four drip irrigation tapes are arranged from left to right. The first drip irrigation tape 3 is about 7.5cm away from the left side of the wheat row of the wide film, and the fourth tape is also about 7.5cm away from the right side of the wheat row of the wide film. The two middle tapes are precisely laid in the middle position between the 3rd and 4th rows of wheat and between the 7th and 8th rows of wheat, respectively.

[0093] Post-sowing management: Drip water at a rate of 25 m³ / mu within 24 hours after sowing to promote seed germination and ensure full and uniform seedling emergence.

[0094] 3. Cotton sowing (April 25th of the following year)

[0095] Variety and sowing: Select the early-maturing variety Shuoqiu 66, which has a growth period of 124 days and is suitable for machine harvesting (Shuoqiu 66 has a growth period of 124 days, is high-yielding and of high quality, has well-developed stems, is resistant to wilt and herbicides, has a relatively loose plant type, and the height of the first fruiting branch is about 18cm, making it suitable for machine harvesting); Select a conventional seeder suitable for sowing two 205cm mulch films, and remove its film laying, drip irrigation tape laying, soil covering, and compaction devices or other unnecessary devices.

[0096] Adjust the number and position of the seeders to ensure that the actual row spacing of cotton is 76cm after wheat harvest. In areas with a large wheat row spacing of 28cm (… Figure 1 Cotton is sown along the center line of the planting area; the spacing between holes is 10cm, and a semi-precision planting mode of "1+2 seed cycle" is adopted, that is, 1 seed per hole and 2 seeds per hole in a cycle; the cotton planting rows are not covered with soil; a 90-horsepower medium-sized tractor is selected as the power machinery.

[0097] Water and fertilizer management: Drip irrigation of wheat at 25 m³ / mu 3 days before sowing, drip irrigation of 18 m³ / mu immediately after sowing, and topdressing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 2 kg / mu.

[0098] 4. Field Management

[0099] During the wheat-cotton co-existence period (April 25th to June 10th of the following year): a strict strategy of "prioritizing wheat management and prioritizing cotton management" was implemented. After cotton seedlings emerged, irrigation followed the irrigation needs of wheat, with only two simultaneous irrigations during the wheat jointing stage (April 28th of the following year) and the wheat flowering stage (May 20th of the following year). This precise water control helped to stabilize cotton seedlings. On May 28th of the following year, 1.5g / mu of mepiquat chloride was sprayed on cotton fields with excessive growth, successfully controlling cotton plant height to within 27cm.

[0100] Wheat water and fertilizer management: Except for one drip irrigation before and after cotton sowing, wheat is irrigated 7 times during its entire growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 320 m³ / mu. Apply 28 kg / mu of urea, 12 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, and 12 kg / mu of potassium sulfate with the irrigation water, with 30% as base fertilizer and the remaining fertilizer allocated according to the needs of the growth stage.

[0101] Cotton water and fertilizer management: Immediately after wheat harvest, apply 35 m³ / mu of drip irrigation. Then, perform 7 drip irrigations: 28 m³ / mu each time during the budding stage, and 32 m³ / mu each time from the flowering and boll-forming stage to the opening stage, ceasing irrigation on August 20th of the following year. Throughout the growing season, apply 22 kg / mu of urea, 18 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 4.5 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 12 kg / mu of potassium sulfate via drip irrigation, following the principle of "light topdressing during the budding stage, heavy topdressing during the flowering and boll-forming stage, and light topdressing on the last irrigation."

[0102] Plant protection management: During the wheat-cotton co-existence period, use a high-efficiency cyhalothrin compound agent to control wheat aphids on May 10 of the following year, while also controlling cotton thrips; before cotton sowing, use clopyralid for weeding between wheat rows; immediately after wheat harvest, rotary tillage and weeding are carried out, and glyphosate is sprayed 5 days after the first irrigation of cotton for thorough weeding; manual topping is carried out on July 18 of the following year, and a defoliant and ripening agent is sprayed on September 20 of the following year.

[0103] 5. Double harvest

[0104] Wheat harvest (June 12th of the following year): Use a grain harvester with an inner wheel track of 172cm and an outer wheel track of 284cm. Adjust the header height to 25cm above the ground, slightly lower than the cotton height at this time (26cm), and install a protective plate about 20cm long at the header position corresponding to the cotton planting row. Leave a stubble height of 25cm at harvest, and adjust the straw discharge guide plate to ensure the straw is evenly spread between the wheat rows. Grain yield is 380kg / mu, and the straw is baled and recycled.

[0105] Cotton harvesting (starting September 25th of the following year): Harvesting is carried out using the same six-row cotton harvester as in monoculture cotton fields. Before operation, the height and pressure of the picking head are adjusted to avoid snagging on the plastic film. Seed cotton yield is 375 kg / mu.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] Implementation time: 2025.

[0108] Location of implementation: Tamutolak Town, Awat County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; annual accumulated temperature ≥10℃: 4347℃.

[0109] Soil conditions: light sandy loam, with average water retention and a pH of 7.8.

[0110] Facilities: The plot is equipped with a drip irrigation system, which is shared by wheat and cotton.

[0111] Planting method: Three drip irrigation tapes and precision seeding mode under water-saving configuration.

[0112] The specific implementation steps are briefly described in the same manner as in Example 1:

[0113] 1. Establishment of the wheat sowing and reuse system (October 25th of that year)

[0114] The selected variety is Zhongmai 578 (early maturing winter wheat, with well-developed stems, lodging resistance, short stalks, and a test weight of 775g / L). The planting spacing is 10cm, with approximately 13 seeds per hole, for a total seed usage of 19kg / mu.

[0115] The seeder modification and row spacing configuration are the same as in Example 1; a three-drip irrigation tape configuration is used, such as... Figure 2As shown, each drip irrigation tape is about 7.5cm away from the cotton planting row and is laid under the film.

[0116] After sowing, drip irrigation was applied at a rate of 28 m³ / mu. Due to the sandy nature of the soil, an additional 15 m³ / mu of drip irrigation was applied 3 days later.

[0117] 2. Cotton sowing (April 28th of the following year)

[0118] The cotton variety used is Jiangxiaomian 819 (with a growth period of 123 days, high yield and quality, resistant to herbicides and wilt, with well-developed stems, suitable for machine harvesting, and the initial fruiting branch height is about 19cm); precision sowing mode is adopted, with a hole spacing of 6.0cm to ensure that one seed is sown per hole, reducing the labor required for thinning; water and fertilizer management before and after sowing is the same as in Example 1.

[0119] 3. Field Management

[0120] The irrigation strategy for the wheat-cotton co-existing period is the same as in Example 1. Due to the reduction in the number of drip irrigation tapes, the irrigation time for each irrigation is appropriately extended to ensure that the moisture peaks overlap. On June 1st of the following year, 2g / mu of mepiquat chloride is sprayed, and the cotton plant height is controlled below 30cm. In addition to drip irrigation once before and after cotton sowing, wheat is dripped 6 times during its entire growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 300m³ / mu, which saves about 6% of water compared to the 4-tape configuration. In addition to drip irrigation immediately after wheat harvest, cotton is dripped 7 times during its entire growth period, with a total irrigation volume of 260m³ / mu, focusing on ensuring water supply during the flowering and boll-forming stage.

[0121] 4. Double harvest

[0122] Wheat was harvested on June 10th of the following year. At the time of wheat harvest, the cotton reached a height of 26.5cm. The harvester's header height was adjusted to 25cm, slightly lower than the cotton's height, to ensure a 25cm stubble height for the wheat. The final wheat grain yield was 385kg / mu. Cotton was mechanically harvested on September 28th of the following year, with a seed cotton yield of 372kg / mu.

[0123] Although the yield of this embodiment is slightly lower than that of Embodiment 1, it saves about 50 yuan per mu in drip irrigation tape cost, resulting in significant overall benefits.

[0124] Example 3

[0125] Implementation time: 2024.

[0126] Location of implementation: Yangtak Township, Maigati County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 4585℃, an accumulated temperature of ≥15℃ of 3820℃, and a frost-free period of 231 days.

[0127] Soil conditions: moderately saline-alkali land, with a total salt content of about 7‰, soil organic matter of 1.0%, and pH value of 8.3; the previous cotton crop was continuously cropped for 21 years.

[0128] Facilities: The plot is equipped with a drip irrigation system, which is shared by wheat and cotton.

[0129] Planting mode: Improved semi-precision seeding mode.

[0130] The specific implementation steps are briefly described in the same manner as in Example 1:

[0131] 1. Pre-broadcast preparation

[0132] After the cotton harvest, the drip irrigation tape and plastic film were recycled. Then, a straw crusher was used to crush the cotton stalks to 5-8cm and spread them evenly. Then, deep plowing was carried out to a depth of 30cm, followed by land preparation using a combined tillage machine to ensure that the land preparation quality met the six-character standard of "even, level, loose, crushed, clean, and moist" before sowing.

[0133] 2. Wheat sowing stage (October 15th of the same year)

[0134] The wheat variety selected was Xindong 55 (early maturing winter wheat with well-developed stems, lodging resistance, short stalks, and a bulk density of 790 g / L). Based on the sowing steps in Example 1, when the seedlings emerged, 5 kg / mu of humic acid liquid fertilizer was applied with the drip irrigation water to improve soil structure and activate nutrients. Three days later, 20 m³ / mu of additional drip irrigation water was applied to further leach the salts from the topsoil.

[0135] 3. Cotton sowing stage (April 22 of the following year)

[0136] The cotton variety used is Cotton Shield No. 1 (120-day growth period, high yield and quality, resistant to herbicides and wilt, suitable for machine harvesting, and with well-developed stems); during the first drip irrigation after sowing, apply 3 kg / mu of acidic fertilizer urea phosphate with the irrigation water to neutralize the soil alkalinity; adopt a semi-precision sowing mode and appropriately increase the sowing density to compensate for the potential loss of seedling emergence rate caused by saline-alkali land.

[0137] 4. Special Management Measures

[0138] In the early stages of wheat and cotton co-existence, the proportion of phosphate and acid fertilizers should be appropriately increased during topdressing to improve the availability of phosphorus in an alkaline environment and inhibit secondary soil salinization. Strengthening inter-row cultivation and loosening the soil disrupts soil capillaries and reduces salt accumulation due to soil moisture evaporation. Before wheat harvest, the cotton height should be controlled below 21cm. During wheat harvest, the harvester's header height should be adjusted to 25cm above the ground, higher than the cotton height at that time, resulting in a final wheat stubble height of 25cm.

[0139] 5. Yield Performance and Improvement Effects

[0140] Wheat yield was 402 kg / mu, and seed cotton yield was 395 kg / mu. After the autumn harvest, the soil salinity in the 0-20cm soil layer decreased to 0.25%, and the pH value decreased to 8.2, indicating a significant improvement in soil physical and chemical properties.

[0141] Example 4: High-yield and high-efficiency demonstration program

[0142] Implementation time: 2025.

[0143] Location of implementation: Kizilawat Township, Maigati County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; annual accumulated temperature ≥10℃: 4585℃, accumulated temperature ≥15℃: 3820℃, frost-free period: 231 days.

[0144] Soil conditions: Irrigated alluvial soil, fertile, with an organic matter content of 1.6% and a pH value of 8.2; the previous cotton crop was continuously monocultured for 28 years.

[0145] Facilities: The plot is equipped with a drip irrigation system, which is shared by wheat and cotton.

[0146] Planting mode: Configure four drip irrigation tapes and semi-precision seeding mode.

[0147] The specific implementation steps are briefly described in the same manner as in Example 1:

[0148] 1. Wheat sowing (October 12th of the same year)

[0149] The wheat variety selected was Xindong 55 (early maturing winter wheat with well-developed stems, lodging resistance, short stalks, and a bulk density of 790 g / L). Four drip irrigation tapes were used, and the row spacing, hole spacing, and other parameters were the same as in Example 1. The total seed usage was 20 kg / mu, and the basal fertilizer accounted for 40% of the total fertilizer usage, laying the foundation for high yield.

[0150] 2. Cotton sowing (April 20th of the following year)

[0151] The cotton variety selected is Cotton Shield No. 1 (with a growth period of 120 days, high yield and quality, resistant to herbicides and wilt, suitable for machine harvesting, and with well-developed stems); semi-precision sowing is adopted, and early water and fertilizer management is strengthened to promote early growth.

[0152] 3. Refined Management

[0153] Precise water and fertilizer management: Increase irrigation by one time during the wheat jointing-flowering stage, and implement three precise irrigations during the grain-filling stage to maintain leaf function. Ensure sufficient water during the cotton flowering and boll-forming stage, implementing a "heavy topdressing" strategy, with nitrogen fertilizer applied later. Precisely control plant height through chemical control, applying two chemical controls during the cotton's symbiotic growth period, at the 5-leaf stage and the budding stage, using 1.0 g / mu and 2.5 g / mu of mepiquat chloride respectively. By wheat harvest time, cotton plant height should be 23 cm. Timely topping and ripening: timely topping on July 18th of the following year, and spraying a defoliant and ripening agent on September 18th of the following year to ensure pre-frost flowering rate. At wheat harvest, adjust the harvester's header height to 25 cm above the ground, slightly higher than the cotton height at that time, ensuring a wheat stubble height of 25 cm.

[0154] 4. High-yield results

[0155] Wheat yield reached 410 kg / mu, and seed cotton yield reached 398 kg / mu.

[0156] The overall income per mu is 500 yuan higher than that of cotton monoculture, which fully demonstrates the potential of this technology to increase production and income.

[0157] Through the practice of the above four representative embodiments, it has been fully demonstrated that the present invention can stably achieve the following effects under different production conditions and management levels:

[0158] (1) It was successfully verified that drip irrigation tape and mulch film can be reused for two seasons, and wheat sowing can be carried out using a modified cotton planter, thus achieving the invention objectives of saving costs, reducing farmland residual film pollution, and achieving a double harvest of grain and cotton.

[0159] (2) This technology system can achieve stable yields by adjusting technical parameters under different soil types and management conditions. Wheat yield is stable at 370-415 kg / mu and cotton yield is 345-405 kg / mu, achieving high yields in grain and cotton synergy and effectively alleviating the contradiction of "grain and cotton competing for land". This technology system is not only applicable to normal farmland, but also to areas with high demand for water and cost saving, and even moderately saline-alkali land. With the support of corresponding improvement measures, it can also achieve good economic and ecological benefits.

[0160] (3) By modifying the seeder and introducing special harvesting equipment, the entire process of mechanized operation was realized, and the damage to cotton caused by wheat harvesting was effectively avoided through precise plant height control and protective measures.

[0161] (4) A complete technology system that can be replicated and promoted has been formed.

[0162] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above embodiments can be improved and modified in various ways without departing from the principles of the present invention. For example, appropriate adjustments can be made to the width of the mulch film, the row spacing for wheat and cotton planting, the specific layout parameters of the drip irrigation tape, and the variety selection. These improvements and modifications should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for achieving double-harvest wheat and cotton cultivation based on the reuse of drip irrigation tape and plastic film for two seasons, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1. Pre-crop treatment and land preparation: After the previous year's cotton harvest, the drip irrigation tape and mulch film are recycled. The cotton stalks are crushed to a particle size of ≤8cm and then evenly returned to the field. The land is then prepared to ensure that the field meets the quality standards of "even, level, loose, crushed, clean, and moist". Step 2. Establishment of a wheat sowing and reuse system, including: Step 201. Seeder modification: Modify the conventional 205cm single-film 6-row cotton drip irrigation precision seeder to increase the total number of seeders to 10, and rearrange and fix the matching devices according to the specifications required for single-film 10-row wheat and laying 3 or 4 inlaid patch drip irrigation tapes. Step 202. Wheat Variety Selection and Sowing: Select early-maturing winter wheat varieties; complete mechanized hill sowing of 10 rows of wheat under a single plastic film between October 10th and November 5th. Use a pointed-nosed duckbill type hill seeder with a hill spacing of 9.5-10.5cm, sowing 10-15 wheat seeds per hill at a rate of 17-20kg / mu, and a sowing depth of 2.6-3.0cm; differentiate the wheat row spacing, leaving space for cotton rows, ensuring each plastic film has enough space for 10 rows of wheat and 3 rows of cotton; cover the wheat rows with soil. Step 203. Reusable system installation: During sowing, the mulch film is laid simultaneously, with a width of 205cm and a thickness of 0.010~0.015mm; 3 or 4 drip irrigation tapes are laid simultaneously, with a dripper flow rate of 1.8~2.4L / h and a dripper spacing of 20cm or 30cm; Step 204. Post-sowing management of wheat: Drip water 20-30 m³ / mu within 48 hours after sowing. For saline-alkali plots, apply humic acid liquid fertilizer or saline-alkali soil conditioner with the water. If the soil moisture is required, drip water again after 3-5 days. Step 3. Precision cotton seeding based on a reuse system, including: Step 301. Cotton variety selection: Select early-maturing cotton varieties with a growth period of 119-124 days and a first fruiting branch height of ≥18cm; Step 302. Cotton sowing: During the heading stage of the year following wheat sowing, cotton is sown directly using the plastic film and drip irrigation tape already laid during wheat sowing in Step 202. A seeder with three seeders is used, with the film laying, drip irrigation tape laying, soil covering, and compaction components removed. The seeder's duckbill is pointed. Cotton is planted at the center line of the reserved cotton rows, and the cotton rows are not covered with soil. When the cotton seeding spacing is set to 9.5~10.5cm, a semi-precision sowing mode of 2 seeds per seeder or "1+2 seed cycle" is used. When the cotton seeding spacing is set to 5.7~6.2cm, a precision sowing mode of 1 seed per seeder is used. Step 4. Reusing the collaborative field management under the system, including: Step 401. Management during the wheat-cotton co-existence period: During the wheat-cotton co-existence period from cotton emergence to wheat harvest, cotton irrigation is only supplied synchronously with wheat irrigation. When wheat is not irrigated, cotton irrigation is suspended to control cotton seedling growth. For cotton fields with excessive cotton growth, spray 1-2g / mu of chlormequat chloride from the end of May to the beginning of June to ensure that the cotton plant height is controlled to ≤30cm before wheat harvest. Step 402. Wheat water and fertilizer management: Except for one drip irrigation before and after cotton sowing, wheat should be drip 6-8 times throughout its growth period. Winter irrigation should be applied at a rate of 40-60 m³ / mu, during the spring greening-jointing stage at 20-35 m³ / mu each time, during the jointing-flowering stage at 30-45 m³ / mu each time, and during the grain-filling stage at 20-30 m³ / mu each time. Throughout the growth period, apply 25-30 kg / mu of urea, 10-15 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, and 10-15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate with the irrigation water. Of this, 25%-40% should be applied as basal fertilizer, and the remainder as topdressing. Step 403. Cotton water and fertilizer management: Except for the first drip irrigation immediately after wheat harvest, drip irrigation should be carried out 7-8 times, with a cycle of 6-10 days. Irrigation should be stopped in mid-to-late August of the following year. During the budding stage, each irrigation should be 25-30 m³ / mu, and during the flowering and boll-opening stage, each irrigation should be 25-35 m³ / mu. Throughout the entire growth period, apply urea 20-25 kg / mu, monoammonium phosphate 15-20 kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-5 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate 10-15 kg / mu with each irrigation. Top-dressing should be carried out simultaneously with each irrigation, with light top-dressing during the budding stage, heavy top-dressing during the flowering and boll-opening stage, and light top-dressing during the last irrigation. Step 404. Plant Protection Management: Topping should be carried out from July 15th to 20th of the following year, and a defoliant and ripening agent containing herbicides should be sprayed around September 20th; before cotton intercropping, the control of wheat pests and diseases should follow the control methods for single-crop wheat fields; after wheat harvest, the control of cotton pests and diseases should follow the control measures for single-crop cotton fields; during the wheat-cotton co-cropping period, the pesticides used for pest, disease and weed control should meet the safety requirements for wheat; Step 5. Double Harvest: Through the rational management of the reuse system, achieve double harvests of grain and cotton in both seasons, including: Step 501. Wheat Harvesting: This includes two methods: harvesting only the grain and harvesting the grain and straw together; the wheat harvesting machinery should be compatible with combine harvesters with an inner wheel track ≥172cm and an outer wheel track ≤284cm; by adding protective plates to the combine harvester and adjusting the header height to 25cm, which is higher or slightly lower than the height of the cotton intercropped during harvest; adjusting the straw discharge outlet guide plate to discharge the straw into the wheat row or using a spring toothed baler for straw collection. Step 502. Cotton Harvesting: Cotton harvesting operations are carried out using the same cotton harvesters as in monoculture cotton fields.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 202, the row spacing of wheat plants including the reserved cotton rows is 25.0~30.0cm, and the row spacing between other wheat plants is 15.3~17.0cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 203, when three drip irrigation tapes are laid, the distance between each drip irrigation tape and the reserved cotton planting row is 7.5cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 203, when four drip irrigation tapes are laid, the first drip irrigation tape from one side of the mulch film to the opposite side is 7.5 cm away from the first row of wheat, the fourth drip irrigation tape is 7.5 cm away from the tenth row of wheat, and the remaining two drip irrigation tapes are laid in the middle positions between the third and fourth rows of wheat and between the seventh and eighth rows of wheat, respectively.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 302, the position of the seeder of the cotton planter is adjusted so that the row spacing of cotton in the film and the adjacent rows of the two films is 76cm after the wheat is harvested.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 402, the wheat is drip-irrigated once 2-4 days before cotton sowing, with an irrigation volume of 20-30 m³ / mu; after cotton sowing, it is drip-irrigated once through the existing drip irrigation tape, with a drip volume of 15-20 m³ / mu. During drip irrigation, at least one of the following is applied with the water: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water-soluble diammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, humic acid fertilizer, acidic fertilizer, or bio-fertilizer.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 404, when controlling wheat aphids during the wheat-cotton co-existence period, it is also necessary to control cotton thrips and early cotton aphids. Flupyradifurone, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, or high-efficiency cyhalothrin can be used for spraying. Before cotton intercropping, wheat weeding should be done with clopyralid or a compound herbicide of diflubenzuron and oxychloride. It is strictly forbidden to spray wheat with MCPA. After wheat harvest, the cotton field should be immediately loosened and weeded with a rotary tiller. Then, the cotton should be irrigated with drip irrigation at a rate of 25-40 m³ / mu. 3-5 days after the drip irrigation, glyphosate herbicides should be sprayed for weeding.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 501, when only grains are harvested, they should be harvested between June 7th and 15th of the following year, after the wheat has reached the late waxy maturity stage, and the grain moisture content should be ≤18%.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 501, when the grains and straw are harvested together, the wheat is harvested at the beginning of the waxy ripening stage in late May to early June of the following year. After harvesting, the grains are piled up and left to ripen for about 7 days before being threshed and stored in a warehouse.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 501, a protective plate about 20cm long is installed on the cutting platform corresponding to the cotton planting row. Usually, when wheat is harvested, the stubble height is 25cm.

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