A zoned cooling tower and a control system based on airflow pressure feedback

Abstract

This invention discloses a zoned cooling tower and a control system based on airflow pressure feedback, relating to the field of circulating water cooling technology. The cooling tower includes a tower body, a fan, a water distribution system, and a packing layer. The packing layer has a zoned partition structure, dividing it into multiple physically isolated fan-shaped sub-regions. Each sub-region is equipped with independently controlled branch water pipes and valves. The system also includes a static pressure sensor array, which monitors the inlet static pressure of each sub-region in real time and compares it with a preset reference value. The system can also perform anti-freeze protection, reference self-learning, fault tolerance, and fan linkage adjustment. This invention achieves preventative protection, fault isolation, and load balancing for the packing layer, significantly improving the reliability, adaptability, and energy efficiency of the cooling tower in complex environments, while reducing maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circulating water cooling technology, and in particular to a zoned cooling tower and a control system based on airflow pressure feedback. Background Technology

[0002] I. Circulating water cooling towers are widely used heat dissipation devices in industrial production, especially in printed circuit board manufacturing waste gas treatment systems, where heated circulating water is used to cool the waste gas, allowing it to be reused. Currently, counter-flow cooling tower structures are commonly used in this field, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) packing layers as the core heat exchange component.

[0003] II. Currently, the vast majority of cooling towers use polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic film packing. This packing consists of corrugated plates, honeycomb-shaped or specially textured sheets stacked or bonded into modules. It has become mainstream due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, good hydrophilicity, and low cost. However, PVC packing has the following inherent drawbacks: 1. Low mechanical strength and poor impact resistance: Polyvinyl chloride sheets are inherently fragile and easily damaged when subjected to uneven airflow or physical collisions.

[0004] 2. Limited temperature resistance: It is prone to deformation when working in environments above 60 to 70 degrees Celsius for a long time, which affects the structural stability.

[0005] 3. Poor environmental adaptability and easy to be damaged by freezing in winter: In areas with large outdoor temperature differences, water trapped in the complex internal structure of the packing cannot be completely drained when the machine is shut down. After freezing, the volume expansion directly causes the PVC sheet to crack, which is the main cause of equipment damage in winter.

[0006] 4. Weak resistance to wind disturbance: Outdoor natural winds, especially gusts, can interfere with the designed flow field inside the tower, resulting in severely uneven airflow distribution. High-speed airflow locally impacts the packing material, exacerbating its fatigue and damage; low-speed zones form dead zones, reducing overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0007] III. Due to the complex internal structure and integral design of PVC filler, the following operation and maintenance challenges exist: 1. Difficult to locate and isolate damage: Local damage or blockage cannot be detected and located in real time. The fragments generated by the damage will aggravate the local blockage, forming a vicious cycle, and may fall and damage the bottom water collection tray and return water pipe.

[0008] 2. High maintenance costs and serious waste: Traditional methods can only replace the entire tower packing. Even if most areas are intact, they have to be completely discarded, resulting in resource waste and high maintenance costs.

[0009] IV. While existing technologies have proposed some solutions to the above problems, all of them have significant shortcomings: 1. Air inlet guide device: Automatic guide vanes, sensors, and drive mechanisms are installed to equalize the air intake. However, this solution has a complex structure, additional components encroach on the air intake area, and has a high failure rate and poor reliability in the harsh environment of high temperature and humidity inside the cooling tower.

[0010] 2. Active anti-freeze heating solution: Electric heating or hot air devices are installed in the packing area or air inlet to prevent icing. Although effective, this method has extremely high energy consumption, significantly increasing operating costs and resulting in poor economic efficiency.

[0011] In summary, existing cooling tower technology, especially its core PVC packing, exhibits significant drawbacks when dealing with complex outdoor environments, including variations in temperature and wind speed. These include susceptibility to damage, short lifespan, inconvenient maintenance, and high costs. Currently, there is a lack of an effective solution that can provide low-cost, adaptive protection for the packing, balance its lifespan, and improve the overall reliability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a zoned cooling tower and a control system based on airflow pressure feedback.

[0013] A zoned cooling tower and a control system based on airflow pressure feedback are disclosed. The system combines physical zoning with intelligent feedback control. The packing layer is divided into multiple independent sub-regions by a partition structure. Based on the static pressure feedback of the air intake of each sub-region, the water supply is independently controlled to achieve active protection, load balancing and adaptive operation of the packing.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, by adopting the above technical solution, the traditional monolithic packing layer is divided into multiple physically isolated independent sub-regions, effectively preventing the spread of problems such as localized damage and blockage throughout the packing layer. Simultaneously, configuring independent water supply control and status monitoring for each sub-region lays the foundation for achieving refined and intelligent management.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling tower also includes a static pressure sensor array, with each static pressure sensor corresponding to a packing sub-region located inside the air inlet, for monitoring the static pressure of the air entering the corresponding sub-region.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution enables the real-time and independent acquisition of key parameters reflecting the airflow status of each sub-region, namely static pressure. This parameter is directly related to the packing blockage and damage status, as well as the intensity of external wind disturbance, providing accurate sensing data for subsequent intelligent diagnosis and adaptive control.

[0017] Furthermore, the water distribution system includes a main water pipe, multiple branch water pipes, and multiple valves; the main water pipe passes through the interior of the main frame, and each branch water pipe corresponds to a sub-area and is equipped with an independent valve.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution enables independent and precise control of the water supply to each sub-area of ​​the packing material. When an anomaly occurs in a certain sub-area, its water supply can be adjusted or cut off individually without affecting other normal areas, allowing the control strategy to be precisely applied to the problem area.

[0019] Furthermore, the fan is located on top of the packing layer and operates in a ventilation mode.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution ensures stable dynamics of airflow within the tower, allowing external air to flow in uniformly from the bottom air inlet and sequentially pass through each sub-region to complete heat exchange. This counter-current air-water flow method, combined with the zoned structure, creates stable flow field conditions for independent control based on static pressure.

[0021] Furthermore, the partition plate is detachably connected to the main frame, and the partition structure is made of reinforced polyvinyl chloride or corrosion-resistant engineering plastic.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution makes the partitioned structure easier to install and maintain, and the materials and fillers are compatible and resistant to environmental corrosion. The detachable connection method allows for quick replacement of the filler in a single damaged sub-region, reducing maintenance complexity and cost.

[0023] Furthermore, a control system based on airflow pressure feedback is provided, including a controller; the controller independently adjusts the opening degree of the corresponding valve according to the comparison result of the static pressure value P of each sub-region with the reference value P0: if P is less than P0 minus the first pressure threshold ΔP1, the valve is reduced or closed; if P is greater than P0 plus the second pressure threshold ΔP2, the valve opening degree is increased.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution establishes a closed-loop intelligent control logic encompassing perception, diagnosis, and execution. The system can automatically identify two typical abnormal operating conditions: packing blockage (low pressure) and strong wind impact (high pressure), and adopt corresponding water volume adjustment strategies: reducing water supply to the blockage area for protection, and increasing water supply to the strong wind area for buffering and efficiency enhancement.

[0025] Furthermore, the reference pressure value P0 is established by recording the average static pressure of each sub-region under initial commissioning or stable operating conditions when there is no wind disturbance and the packing is intact.

[0026] Compared to existing technologies, this approach establishes a personalized reference benchmark for each sub-region, reflecting its initial health status. This provides a reliable reference for subsequent anomaly diagnosis, improving the sensitivity and accuracy of status assessment.

[0027] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to execute an anti-freeze protection strategy: when shutting down, the valve is closed first and the fan operation is extended to dry the packing; if an ice-forming risk is detected, intermittent micro-water is passed through the risk area.

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution provides a highly efficient and energy-saving active antifreeze method. Utilizing residual air drying from fans and residual heat from circulating water for ice prevention replaces the traditional high-energy-consuming electric heating solution, reducing winter maintenance costs. Zoned control capabilities allow antifreeze measures to be precisely applied to high-risk areas.

[0029] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to periodically update the reference pressure value P0; and after shutting off the water supply to a certain zone, automatically increase the valve opening of other zones to maintain the stability of the total water volume.

[0030] Compared to existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solutions enable the system to possess self-learning and global optimization capabilities. Regularly updating the baseline values ​​adapts to slow changes in packing material performance, maintaining control accuracy. The water rebalancing function ensures that the overall cooling capacity of the system does not fluctuate drastically during partial shutdown, improving operational stability.

[0031] Furthermore, the controller is also configured to perform fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation: when a sensor fails, it uses data from adjacent areas for alternative control; and it can adjust the fan frequency according to the overall pressure trend.

[0032] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solutions enhance the robustness and energy efficiency of the system. Sensor fault-tolerant processing ensures that the system can still maintain basic operation even in the event of individual component failure. The coordinated adjustment of the fan frequency enables the system to optimize the air-water ratio as a whole, achieving system-level energy savings.

[0033] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By physically isolating faults and supporting the individual replacement of packing modules, combined with intelligent control to delay damage, the high maintenance cost of traditional cooling towers is solved.

[0034] 2. The system can automatically identify and adapt to complex environmental conditions such as external wind disturbances and temperature changes, achieving adaptive, efficient, and stable operation.

[0035] 3. Using the inlet static pressure as the key feedback signal, an intelligent control system with zoned perception, independent adjustment, and global coordination was constructed, realizing preventive protection, load balancing, and energy-saving optimization of the core components of the cooling tower. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of this embodiment; Figure 3 The main focus is on the distribution of the packing layer and water pipes.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tower body; 11. Air outlet; 12. Air inlet; 13. Support frame; 2. Fan; 3. Water collection base; 41. Main water pipe; 42. Branch water pipe; 43. Valve; 44. Water pump; 5. Packing layer; 61. Main frame; 62. Partition plate; 7. Static pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms center, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, thickness, front, back, left, right, upper, lower, axial, radial, vertical, horizontal, inner, and outer, indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as first or second may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0040] It should be noted that one of the innovations of this invention lies in combining physical structural partitioning and isolation with intelligent independent control, thereby achieving active protection and operational optimization of the core heat exchange component of the cooling tower, namely the packing layer 5. The following embodiments will first describe the improved cooling tower structure in detail, and then explain the workflow of the control system based on this structure.

[0041] A type of cooling tower with partitions, see reference. Figure 1-3 Its specific structure is as follows: It mainly includes the tower body 1, the fan 2, the water collection chassis 3, the water distribution system, the packing layer 5, the partition structure, and the static pressure sensor array 7.

[0042] Reference Figure 1The tower body 1 is typically a cylindrical steel structure with an air outlet 11 at the center of its top and multiple air inlets 12 evenly distributed on its side walls near the bottom. The tower body 1 is supported on the ground by a bracket 13 at the bottom to ensure ventilation at the bottom. A water collection tray 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body 1 to collect water droplets that fall after being cooled by the packing material. Its bottom is connected to a water collection pipe to return the cooled circulating water to the water supply system.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and 3 The packing layer 5 is located inside the tower body 1, above the air inlet 12. The packing layer 5 is assembled from multiple independent fan-shaped packing modules, and its material is general-purpose polyvinyl chloride plastic film packing. The function of the packing modules is to increase the contact area and contact time between water and air, thereby promoting evaporative heat dissipation.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 and 3 The partition structure is located inside the packing layer 5. This structure includes a cylindrical main frame 61 and multiple partition plates 62. The main frame 61 is coaxially aligned with the tower body 1 and has a hollow interior. The partition plates 62 are radially and equidistantly fixed to the main frame 61 via insertion or bolts. Between two adjacent partition plates 62, an independent fan-shaped installation area extends from the center of the tower body 1 (i.e., the main frame 61) to the tower wall. Each fan-shaped packing module is installed within a corresponding fan-shaped installation area. The partition plates 62 completely physically separate adjacent packing modules, preventing lateral air and water flow between different fan-shaped areas within the packing layer 5. The partition structure is preferably made of reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of the same type as the packing, or other corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant engineering plastics to ensure compatibility with the packing modules and long-term structural strength. This detachable connection method allows for individual replacement of the packing modules in a specific fan-shaped area when the packing is damaged, without disturbing other intact areas.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 The water distribution system is used to evenly spray the hot water to be cooled onto the top of the packing layer 5. The water distribution system includes a main water pipe 41, multiple branch water pipes 42, and multiple valves 43, such as electric regulating valves. The main water pipe 41 enters the tower body 1 from bottom to top and extends upwards through the internal hollow channel of the partition structure, i.e., the main frame 61. The lower end of the main water pipe 41 is connected to an external water supply pump 44, and the upper end is connected to multiple branch water pipes 42 above the packing layer 5. Each branch water pipe 42 corresponds to a fan-shaped installation area, i.e., a packing sub-area, and has multiple water outlets along its length, i.e., radially. Each branch water pipe 42 is equipped with an independent valve 43 for precisely controlling the amount of water flowing into that fan-shaped sub-area, or even completely cutting off the water supply.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 Fan 2 is installed at the air outlet 11 at the top of tower 1 and is usually driven by a motor. Fan 2 operates by suction, creating negative pressure inside the tower during operation, which forces cold air from outside to flow in from the bottom air inlet 12, pass upward through the packing layer 5 and the water curtain sprayed by the water distribution system, and finally the hot and humid air is discharged from the top. The suction effect of fan 2 is the power source for the airflow inside the tower.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 The static pressure sensor array 7 is a key component for the control system to achieve its sensing function. The array includes multiple static pressure sensors 7, the number of which matches the number of filler sub-regions. Each static pressure sensor 7 is installed inside the air inlet 12 of its corresponding sector sub-region to monitor the static pressure value of the air entering that specific sub-region in real time and independently. This pressure value directly reflects the unobstructedness of the airflow channel in that sub-region and the influence of external wind force.

[0048] A zoned adaptive control system for cooling towers based on airflow pressure feedback, the specific working steps of which are as follows: The core of the system is a programmable logic controller, which is connected to all static pressure sensors 7 and valves 43 on each branch water pipe 42 to form a closed loop of perception, decision-making and execution.

[0049] Step 1: System initialization and pressure baseline establishment.

[0050] After the cooling tower is initially installed or overhauled, start the system under conditions of no wind or light wind and stable system operation. The controller records the readings of the static pressure sensor 7 corresponding to each packing sub-region when valve 43 is fully open and the packing is intact. After a period of sampling and averaging, this value is stored as the health reference pressure value P0 for that sub-region. This P0 value represents the ideal airflow resistance state of that sub-region under design conditions.

[0051] Step 2: Real-time monitoring and anomaly diagnosis.

[0052] During normal operation, the controller continuously collects data from each static pressure sensor 7. For any sub-region, its current measured static pressure value P is compared with the stored reference pressure value P0.

[0053] Diagnostic Scenario A, namely, blockage or damage warning: If the controller detects that P is less than P0 minus the low-pressure threshold ΔP1, where ΔP1 can be between 5 Pascals and 10 Pascals, then it is determined that there may be local blockage or damage to the packing in this sub-region. This is because blockage will cause narrowing of the airflow channel and abnormal increase in resistance, resulting in a decrease in airflow and consequently a drop in the inlet static pressure of this region.

[0054] Diagnostic scenario B, i.e. strong wind impact warning: If the controller detects that P is greater than P0 plus the high pressure threshold ΔP2, where ΔP2 can be 8 Pascal to 15 Pascal, it is determined that there may be strong external wind, such as gusts, directly facing the air inlet 12 of the corresponding sub-area, causing additional wind pressure to enter and making the static pressure of the air inlet in the area abnormally increase.

[0055] Step 3: Adaptive adjustment and control response.

[0056] Based on the diagnostic results, the controller independently adjusts valve 43 in the corresponding sub-region.

[0057] Response Scenario A: The controller issues a command to reduce or completely close the valve 43 opening in the corresponding sub-zone. The effects are: first, to reduce or stop water supply to potentially clogged areas, preventing water flow from exacerbating debris erosion or causing accumulation in areas with poor flow; second, to force a redistribution of total water volume to other intact sub-zones, fully utilizing their heat exchange capacity to maintain overall system cooling efficiency even under localized failures; and finally, to buy time for planned maintenance, delaying the spread of damage.

[0058] Response Scenario B: The controller issues a command to appropriately increase the valve opening of the corresponding sub-area (43). The effects are twofold: First, the increased water curtain effectively weakens the direct mechanical impact of the high-speed airflow, protecting the packing from physical damage; second, the increased water volume and additional airflow allow for more thorough heat exchange, transforming unfavorable environmental wind disturbances into a beneficial factor for improving the cooling efficiency of the area.

[0059] Step 4: Execute the antifreeze protection strategy, which may be triggered seasonally or based on conditions.

[0060] When shutdown is required in winter, the controller executes an anti-freeze procedure: First, sequential shutdown and drying: each zone valve 43 is closed sequentially, and then the fan 2 continues to run at a low frequency for a preset time, such as 20 minutes, using the residual air in the tower to forcibly dry the residual moisture on the packing surface. Second, intermittent micro-water flow for ice prevention: if the ambient temperature sensor detects a low temperature, such as below or equal to 3 degrees Celsius, and the humidity sensor indicates that the packing in a certain zone is still relatively damp, the controller can intermittently control the opening of the valve 43 in that zone to a very small degree, for example, opening it to 5% every 30 minutes and flowing water for 1 minute, using the residual heat in the circulating water network to prevent ice from forming inside the packing in that zone. This method significantly reduces energy consumption compared to a continuous electric heating scheme.

[0061] Step 5: System optimization and fault-tolerant operation, which continues in the background.

[0062] Baseline self-learning and updating: The controller can periodically, such as monthly or after detecting a packing replacement, automatically re-execute step one to update the baseline pressure P0 to adapt to the slow changes in packing performance.

[0063] Water rebalancing: When the water supply to a certain zone is shut off in response to scenario A, the controller will proportionally increase the opening of valve 43 in other normally operating zones to maintain the total circulating water volume preset by the system at a basically constant level.

[0064] Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance: If the signal of a static pressure sensor 7 is abnormal, the controller can use interpolation of pressure data from adjacent zones for substitution calculations to maintain basic system operation and issue an alarm signal. Simultaneously, the controller can adjust the frequency of fan 2 in conjunction with the overall pressure trend of each zone to achieve overall system air-water balance and energy-saving operation.

[0065] The implementation principle of this application is as follows: This invention fundamentally changes the traditional operating mode of cooling towers, which passively withstand damage and uniformly distribute water. Its core principle lies in physically partitioning and isolating the packing layer 5 from a unified whole that originally affected each other into multiple independently operating sub-regions. At the same time, through airflow pressure feedback control, static pressure, a key parameter that directly reflects the health of the packing and the intensity of external wind disturbance, is used as a control signal to perform independent and targeted precise regulation of water volume in each sub-region.

[0066] When airflow is obstructed in a certain zone due to blockage, the system limits the flow by reducing its water supply to prevent the problem from worsening and shifts the load to a healthy zone. When excessive airflow occurs in a certain zone due to strong winds, the system increases its water supply to enhance buffering and heat exchange, protecting the packing material and improving cooling efficiency. These two measures work together to achieve preventative protection of the packing material and proactive load balancing, significantly improving the equipment's adaptability, reliability, and economy in complex outdoor environments. The anti-freeze strategy is a concrete example of this efficient and energy-saving application within this intelligent framework. The entire solution systematically addresses the industry pain points of packing material fragility and high maintenance costs with relatively low structural and control complexity.

[0067] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A partitioned cooling tower, characterized in that, It includes a tower body (1), a fan (2) arranged at the top of the tower body (1), a water collection chassis (3) arranged at the bottom of the tower body (1), a water distribution system, and a packing layer (5); a partition and barrier structure is provided in the packing layer (5), and the partition and barrier structure includes a main frame (61) and a plurality of partition plates (62), the partition plates (62) are radially and spacedly connected to the main frame (61), and independent fan-shaped installation areas are formed between adjacent partition plates (62); the packing layer (5) is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped packing modules, and each packing module is correspondingly installed in one of the fan-shaped installation areas, so that the packing layer (5) is divided into a plurality of physically isolated sub-areas.

2. A partitioned cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a static pressure sensor (7) array, and the static pressure sensor (7) array includes a plurality of static pressure sensors (7); an air inlet (12) is provided on the side wall of the tower body (1) near the bottom, and at least one of the static pressure sensors (7) is provided at the inner side position of the air inlet (12) corresponding to each packing sub-area for monitoring the air static pressure entering the corresponding sub-area.

3. A partitioned cooling tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water distribution system includes a main water pipe (41), a plurality of branch water pipes (42), and a plurality of valves (43); the main water pipe (41) passes through the internal hollow area of the main frame (61), its lower end is used to connect a water supply pump (44), and its upper end is connected to the plurality of branch water pipes (42); each branch water pipe (42) is correspondingly arranged for one of the packing sub-areas, and a plurality of water outlet holes are provided on its pipe wall; a controlled valve (43) is provided on each branch water pipe (42) for independently adjusting or cutting off the cooling water entering the corresponding sub-area.

4. A partitioned cooling tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fan (2) is arranged at the top of the packing layer (5) for exhausting the air in the tower body (1) from the air outlet (11) at the top of the tower body (1) in an exhaust air mode.

5. A partitioned cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition plate (62) and the main frame (61) are detachably connected, and the material of the partition and barrier structure is reinforced PVC or corrosion-resistant engineering plastic.

6. A zoned adaptive control system for cooling towers based on airflow pressure feedback, applied to a zoned cooling tower as described in any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, It includes a controller; the controller is signal-connected to the static pressure sensor (7) array and each of the valves (43) and is configured to perform the following operations: Receive the static pressure values monitored by each of the static pressure sensors (7) in real time; Compare the current static pressure value (P) of each sub-area with its corresponding preset reference pressure value (P0); If a certain sub-area meets the first condition: P < P0 - ΔP1, where ΔP1 is the first pressure threshold, then control to reduce or close the opening of the valve (43) corresponding to this sub-area; If a certain sub-area meets the second condition: P > P0 + ΔP2, where ΔP2 is the second pressure threshold, then control to increase the opening of the valve (43) corresponding to this sub-area.

7. A control system based on airflow pressure feedback according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for establishing the preset reference pressure value (P0) is: under the initial commissioning or stable operating condition of the cooling tower, record the average static pressure value of each sub-area in the state of no wind disturbance and intact packing as its P0.

8. A control system based on airflow pressure feedback according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to execute an antifreeze protection strategy: when a shutdown command is received and the ambient temperature is lower than a set threshold, all valves (43) are closed first, and the fan (2) is controlled to continue running for a preset first duration to dry the packing; subsequently, if any sub-area is detected to have a risk of freezing, the controller controls the intermittent micro-water flow to that sub-area.

9. A control system based on airflow pressure feedback according to claim 7, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to periodically or when a preset condition is met, re-execute the self-learning update process of the reference pressure value (P0); when a sub-area is determined to meet the first condition and a closing operation is performed, automatically increase the valve (43) opening of the remaining normal sub-areas to maintain the stability of the total water supply of the system.

10. A control system based on airflow pressure feedback according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to perform fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant operation: when the signal of a certain static pressure sensor (7) is continuously abnormal, the calculated value of the static pressure value of its adjacent sub-region is used for alternative control and an alarm signal is issued; the controller is also connected to the fan (2) drive unit and can dynamically adjust the operating frequency of the fan (2) according to the overall change trend of the static pressure of each sub-region.

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