A barley threshing material separation and cleaning device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of highland barley threshing material separation cleaning device, belong to agricultural machinery technical field.The cleaning device includes frame and integrated on it, feeding and detection device, dust absorption and dust removal device, three-stage vibration sieve device, sieve box excitation device, automatic leveling device and automation control system.Feeding and detection device real-time detection material flow, form and moisture content;Three-stage vibration sieve device uses one-stage long waist type sieve, two-stage variable size sieve and three-stage circular sieve, screen size, vibration frequency and sieve plate inclination angle can be self-adaptive adjustment;Dust absorption and dust removal device has independently adjustable double air duct, carries out secondary airflow cleaning.The application is through compound cleaning mode and automation control, significantly improves the cleaning efficiency of highland barley threshing material and grain cleanliness, reduces loss rate, and has automatic leveling function, adapts to plateau uneven ground, realizes the full mechanization operation of highland barley cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a device for separating and cleaning threshed barley materials. Background Technology

[0002] Highland barley is an important grain crop in my country's plateau regions. Its harvesting method is still mainly segmented, comprising three core stages: harvesting and spreading with a reamer, threshing with a traditional rice and wheat thresher, and manual winnowing and screening. In the mechanized harvesting of highland barley, the separation and cleaning stage is crucial in determining harvest quality and efficiency; the performance of the equipment directly affects the cleanliness, recovery rate, and subsequent processing quality of the barley grains.

[0003] In existing technologies, the separation and cleaning of threshed barley materials have the following prominent problems: 1. Difficulty in separation: The components of barley threshing material, such as grains, stalks, and husks, have small differences in quality and are easily mixed. Existing grain separation and cleaning machines use a single air sieve or airflow cleaning method, which makes it difficult to achieve efficient separation and easily causes grain loss due to entrainment. 2. Reliance on manual operation: Manual winnowing and manual screening are labor-intensive and have low efficiency. Moreover, the existing cleaning equipment lacks automatic adjustment functions, requiring frequent manual adjustment of parameters such as air volume and vibration frequency to match the feeding speed. The operation is complicated and the matching accuracy is low. 3. Poor equipment adaptability: Most of the large-scale, highly automated separation and cleaning machinery currently available in China is designed for major crops such as wheat and corn. There is a lack of separation and cleaning equipment specifically adapted to the characteristics of highland barley, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale, mechanized harvesting of highland barley. 4. Insufficient adaptability to operation: The main barley producing areas are mostly high-altitude fields with poor ground flatness. Existing cleaning equipment does not have an automatic leveling function. Manual leveling is cumbersome and has low precision. Equipment tilting can easily cause material conveying to be blocked, reduce screening and cleaning effect, and even cause equipment failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a device for separating and cleaning barley threshing materials.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A barley threshing and material separation and cleaning device includes a frame, and a feeding and detection device, a dust removal device, a three-stage vibrating screen, a screen box vibration device, an automatic leveling device, and an automatic control system integrated on the frame.

[0006] The feeding and detection device is used to receive and transport materials, and to detect the flow rate, geometric shape and moisture content of the materials in real time, and transmit the detection signals to the automated control system.

[0007] The dust removal device has independently adjustable front and rear air ducts. The inlet of the front air duct is located between the feeding and detection device and the three-stage vibrating screen device, and is used to generate negative pressure airflow to perform initial airflow cleaning of the material, separating and collecting light dust and impurities. The inlet of the rear air duct is connected to the discharge end of the three-stage vibrating screen device, and is used to perform secondary airflow cleaning of the screened material to separate residual small stems.

[0008] The three-stage vibrating screening device is located downstream of the dust collection device and includes a first-stage vertical long waist-shaped perforated screen, a second-stage screen with variable aperture size, and a third-stage circular perforated screen arranged sequentially along the material conveying direction, as well as a screen box excitation device for driving the vibration of each stage of screen plates; the aperture size of the second-stage screen with variable aperture size can be adaptively adjusted according to the material geometry signal detected by the feeding and detection device.

[0009] The automatic leveling device is located at the bottom of the frame and includes a level sensor and multiple telescopic support components independently controlled by a drive mechanism. It is used to automatically adjust the height of each support component according to the equipment tilt angle signal detected by the level sensor in order to keep the frame level.

[0010] The automated control system receives signals from the feeding and detection device and the level sensor, and automatically controls the air volume of each air duct in the dust collection device, the vibration frequency of the screen box excitation device, the screen hole size of the secondary screen with variable hole size, the inclination angle of the screen plate in the tertiary vibrating screen device, and the working state of the drive mechanism in the automatic leveling device according to a preset program or algorithm.

[0011] In this device, the frame is a rectangular frame structure, and the various devices are integrated and installed according to the material flow path. Specifically: the feeding and detection device is fixed to the upper right of the frame, and its discharge end is located at the inlet of the front air duct of the dust collection device, so that the material falls into the negative pressure zone of the dust collection device under the action of gravity; the feeding and detection device is fixed above the frame platform, and its discharge end is located above the inlet of the three-stage vibrating screen device, and is arranged corresponding to the inlet of the front air duct of the dust collection device. After the material is output by the feeding and detection device, before freely falling into the three-stage vibrating screen device, it first passes through the negative pressure airflow zone formed by the front air duct. Light dust and impurities are sucked into the front air duct, while the grains that are not sucked in and the heavier materials fall directly into the screen box of the three-stage vibrating screen device under the action of gravity.

[0012] The discharge port of the three-stage vibrating screening device is connected to the inlet of the rear air duct of the dust removal device. When the screened material is discharged from the discharge port, the negative pressure airflow formed in the rear air duct performs secondary airflow cleaning on the material.

[0013] The outlets of the front and rear air ducts converge and are connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan. The air outlet of the centrifugal fan is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator through the air duct. The cyclone separator is used to perform gas-solid separation on the dust-laden airflow drawn in by the front and rear air ducts. The separated dust and impurities are discharged through the discharge shaft of the settling chamber, and the purified airflow is discharged from the air outlet of the cyclone separator.

[0014] The automatic leveling device is installed at the four bottom corners of the frame, between the traveling wheels and the frame; the control box of the automatic control system is fixed to the side of the frame and is electrically connected to each sensor and actuator via cables.

[0015] Furthermore, the secondary screen with variable aperture size includes a fixed screen frame, a lower screen surface that can be translated along a first direction, and an upper screen surface that can be translated along a second direction; multiple screen holes are provided on both the lower screen surface and the upper screen surface. By driving the lower screen surface and / or the upper screen surface to translate, the degree of overlap of the screen holes is changed, thereby realizing continuous adjustment of the screen aperture size; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0016] Furthermore, the automatic leveling device includes a level sensor fixed to the frame and four sets of telescopic support assemblies correspondingly arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the frame; each telescopic support assembly includes an upper mounting base, a lower mounting base, a scissor support frame, an automatic leveling screw, a leveling drive motor, a first slider, and a second slider; the upper mounting base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame, the lower mounting base is fixedly connected to the mounting base of the traveling wheel, the scissor support frame is installed between the upper and lower mounting bases, and the scissor support frame consists of two sets of cross-arranged scissor arms forming a telescopic diamond-shaped support structure; the upper end of the scissor support frame is hinged to the upper mounting base, and the lower end of the scissor support frame is hinged to the lower mounting base. The left and right sides of the scissor support frame are respectively hinged to the first and second sliders; the automatic leveling screw is a bidirectional threaded screw with two sections of thread in opposite directions. The automatic leveling screw passes through the first and second sliders and is threaded to the first and second sliders respectively through the two sections of thread in opposite directions. The leveling drive motor is connected to the first slider, and one end of the automatic leveling screw is connected to the output shaft of the leveling drive motor through a coupling. The leveling drive motor is independently controlled by the automatic control system according to the signal from the level sensor. When the drive screw rotates, the slider moves horizontally, changing the opening and closing angle of the scissor support frame and realizing the lifting and lowering of the corners of the frame.

[0017] Furthermore, the front and rear air ducts of the dust collection device are respectively equipped with rotatable front air duct baffles and rear air duct baffles. The front and rear air duct baffles are driven by front air duct regulating motors and rear air duct regulating motors. The automatic control system controls the front and rear air duct regulating motors according to the material flow signal to independently adjust the opening degree of the front and rear air ducts.

[0018] Furthermore, the automated control system dynamically adjusts the output frequency of the screen box vibration device according to the material flow signal, so that the vibration frequency of the three-stage vibrating screen device is adapted and adjusted between 3 and 7 Hz: when the feed rate is greater than 2.0 t / h, the frequency is adjusted to 6 to 7 Hz, and when the feed rate is less than 1.0 t / h, the frequency is adjusted to 3 to 4 Hz.

[0019] Furthermore, the screen plate inclination angle of the three-stage vibrating screening device is adjustable. The automatic control system adjusts the inclination angle of the secondary screen with variable aperture size and / or the tertiary circular perforated screen to between 2° and 7° by adjusting the first and second cranks of the screen plate angle adjustment motor crank mechanism according to the material flow signal. When the flow rate increases, the screen plate inclination angle is reduced.

[0020] Furthermore, the screen hole size of the first-stage vertical long waist-shaped perforated screen is 25mm in length and 5mm in width; the screen hole diameter of the third-stage circular perforated screen is 3mm; and the initial screen hole size of the second-stage variable screen is a square hole of 10mm×4mm.

[0021] Furthermore, in the three-stage vibrating screening device, a rubber ball cleaning device is provided below the three-stage circular perforated screen to achieve self-cleaning of the screen holes by impacting the screen plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the dust removal device includes a centrifugal fan, a duct, and a cyclone separator. The automated control system adjusts the rotation speed of the centrifugal fan according to the material flow rate and moisture content signal to ensure that the gas flow rate in the system does not exceed the maximum suspension velocity of the current highland barley grains.

[0023] Furthermore, the feeding and detection device includes a feeding hopper, a vibrating feeder, a punch flow meter, a camera, and a moisture content meter; the punch flow meter is used to detect the material flow rate; the camera is used to identify the material geometry; and the moisture content meter is used to detect the material moisture content.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: 1. Excellent cleaning effect: It adopts a compound cleaning mode of "primary airflow cleaning + three-stage vibrating screen grading cleaning + secondary airflow cleaning", combined with a differentiated screen hole design of primary vertical long waist type, secondary variable size and tertiary circular type, combined with rubber ball cleaning device to prevent clogging, effectively handles various impurities, improves the grain cleaning rate and reduces the total loss rate.

[0025] 2. High degree of automation: The system detects the feed flow rate in real time through the torque sensor of the punch plate flow meter, identifies the material shape through the camera, and automatically adjusts the air volume of the air duct, the vibration frequency of the screen box, the inclination angle of the screen plate and the size of the secondary screen holes by the microcontroller. No manual operation is required. When the feed rate fluctuates by ±50%, the system can still maintain stable cleaning performance and has strong adaptability.

[0026] 3. Excellent site adaptability: An automatic leveling device is added. The horizontal sensor detects the horizontal status of the equipment in real time. The microcontroller automatically controls the automatic leveling screw to complete the precise leveling. No manual operation is required. It is suitable for uneven sites in high-altitude fields and avoids problems such as material jamming and reduced cleaning effect caused by equipment tilting, ensuring stable operation of the equipment.

[0027] 4. Reasonable structural design: All devices are integrated into the same frame, the component layout is compact and efficient, the flexible vibration plate improves vibration stability, the walking wheels facilitate equipment movement, the automatic leveling device is integrated with the walking wheels, which does not occupy extra working space and is suitable for field operation scenarios in plateau areas.

[0028] 5. Low maintenance cost: The rubber ball cleaning device achieves self-cleaning of the screen holes, reducing the frequency of manual cleaning; the contact surface of the screen plate is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene to reduce the risk of wear and corrosion; the lead screw and support frame of the automatic leveling device are made of wear-resistant and rust-proof materials, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0029] 6. Achieve full mechanization: Replaces traditional manual winnowing, screening, and manual equipment leveling operations, completing the full mechanization of the highland barley cleaning process, significantly improving operational efficiency and promoting the mechanization upgrade of the highland barley industry. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a full sectional view of the isometric drawing of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal fan part of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screen box and vibrator of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone separator of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding and flow detection device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable size sieve of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a plan view of the variable-size sieve of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic leveling device of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 101. Frame platform; 102. Platform support column; 2. Screen box vibration device; 201. Flexible vibrating plate; 202. Screen box vibration motor; 203. Eccentric bearing housing; 204. Vibration connecting plate; 3. Three-stage vibrating screening device; 301. Screen box; 302. First-stage vertical row long waist-shaped perforated screen; 303. Second-stage screen with variable aperture size; 303-1. Screen frame; 303-2. Lower screen surface; 303-3. Upper screen surface; 303-4. X-axis ball screw 303-5, Y-axis ball screw; 303-6, X-axis screw drive motor; 303-7, Y-axis screw drive motor; 303-8, First screw nut seat; 303-9, Second screw nut seat; 304-1, First crank; 304-2, Second crank; 304-3, Screen plate angle adjustment motor; 304-4, Angle adjustment ear plate; 305, Three-stage circular perforated screen; 306, Rubber ball cleaning device; 307, Discharge port; 4. Feeding and detection device; 401. 401-1. Platen flow meter housing; 401-2. Flow detection plate; 401-3. Torque sensor; 402. Vibrating feeder; 402-1. Feeding trough; 402-2. Feeding device vibrator; 403. Feeding hopper; 404. Camera; 405. Moisture content meter; 5. Centrifugal fan; 501. Centrifugal fan motor; 502. Centrifugal fan housing; 503. Centrifugal fan; 504. Air duct; 505. Cyclone separator; 5 06. Settling chamber discharge shaft; 507. Rear air duct; 508. Rear air duct baffle; 509. Rear air duct adjusting motor; 510. Front air duct adjusting motor; 511. Front air duct baffle; 512. Front air duct; 6. Automatic leveling device; 601. Traveling wheel; 602. Scissor support frame; 603. Automatic leveling screw; 604. Leveling drive motor; 605. Horizontal sensor; 606. First slider; 607. Second slider; 608. Upper mounting base; 609. Lower mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a barley threshing material separation and cleaning device, including a frame 1, and a feeding and detection device 4, a dust removal device, a three-stage vibrating screening device 3, a screen box vibration device 2, an automatic leveling device 6 and an automatic control system integrated on the frame 1.

[0042] Overall assembly relationship: The frame 1 is integrally welded from Q235 low carbon steel plate, forming a rectangular frame structure. The feeding and detection device 4 is fixedly installed on the upper right side of the frame 1 (within the range of...). Figure 1 (The direction shown is for reference only), its discharge end is located at the inlet of the front air duct 512 of the dust collection device. The centrifugal fan 5 and cyclone separator 505 of the dust collection device are installed on the right side of the frame 1, and the air duct 504 connects the two. The three-stage vibrating screen 3 is installed at an angle in the middle of the frame 1, and its screen box 301 is connected to the screen box excitation device 2 through the flexible vibrating plate 201. The left side (discharge end) of the screen box 301 is provided with a discharge port 307. The inlet of the rear air duct 507 of the dust collection device is connected to the discharge port 307, and the outlet of the rear air duct 507 leads to the waste collection chamber. The automatic leveling device 6 is installed at the four bottom corners of the frame 1, located between the traveling wheels 601 and the frame 1. The control box of the automatic control system is fixed to the side of the frame 1 (not shown in the figure) and is electrically connected to each sensor and actuator through cables. The above connection ensures that the material flows sequentially through the feeding and detection device 4 → dust removal device (primary airflow cleaning in the front duct) → three-stage vibrating screen device 3 → dust removal device (secondary airflow cleaning in the rear duct), forming a complete cleaning operation path.

[0043] The following is a detailed description of each component: (a) Frame and automatic leveling device The frame 1 is integrally welded from Q235 low-carbon steel plate, with dimensions of 2800mm × 2800mm × 1600mm (length × width × height) and a frame wall thickness of 8mm. The frame 1 has four casters 601 at its bottom and a frame platform 101 supported by platform support columns 102. The platform 101 is designed to be 300mm high, and its surface is treated with sandblasting and anti-rust paint to suit the dry and windy working environment of high-altitude areas. The platform support columns 102 are seamless steel pipes with a wall thickness of 10mm to enhance support strength.

[0044] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the automatic leveling device 6 is located between the bottom of the frame 1 and the traveling wheel 601, including a horizontal sensor 605 fixedly installed on the frame 1, and four sets of telescopic support components located at the four corners of the bottom of the frame 1.

[0045] The horizontal sensor 605 is a dual-axis tilt sensor with a detection accuracy of ±0.05°, a detection range of -10° to +10°, and an IP67 waterproof rating, making it suitable for dusty and humid working environments in high-altitude fields. like Figure 9 As shown, each telescopic support assembly includes an upper mounting base 608, a lower mounting base 609, a scissor support frame 602, an automatic leveling screw 603, a leveling drive motor 604, a first slider 606, and a second slider 607. The upper mounting base 608 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame 1, the lower mounting base 609 is fixedly connected to the mounting base of the traveling wheel 601, the scissor support frame 602 is installed between the upper mounting base 608 and the lower mounting base 609, the scissor support frame 602 is composed of two sets of cross-arranged scissor arms to form a telescopic diamond support structure, the upper end of the scissor support frame 602 is hinged to the upper mounting base 608, the lower end of the scissor support frame 602 is hinged to the lower mounting base 609, and the left and right sides of the scissor support frame 602 are respectively hinged to the first slider 606 and the second slider 607; The automatic leveling screw 603 is a bidirectional threaded screw with two sections of threads rotating in opposite directions. The automatic leveling screw 603 passes through the first slider 606 and the second slider 607, and is threadedly connected to the first slider 606 and the second slider 607 respectively through the two sections of threads rotating in opposite directions. The leveling drive motor 604 is connected to the first slider 606, and one end of the automatic leveling screw 603 is connected to the output shaft of the leveling drive motor 604 through a coupling.

[0046] When the leveling drive motor 604 drives the automatic leveling screw 603 to rotate, the first slider 606 and the second slider 607 move closer to or further away from each other along the axial direction of the automatic leveling screw 603, thereby causing the scissor support frame 602 to extend or retract. When the first slider 606 and the second slider 607 move closer to each other, the vertical height of the scissor support frame 602 increases, lifting the corresponding corner of the frame 1; when the first slider 606 and the second slider 607 move further away from each other, the vertical height of the scissor support frame 602 decreases, lowering the corresponding corner of the frame 1. The automated control system controls the four sets of leveling drive motors 604 to operate according to the tilt angle signal detected by the level sensor 605, thereby achieving automatic leveling of the frame 1.

[0047] (ii) Feeding and detection device like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the feeding and testing device 4 includes a feeding hopper 403, a vibrating feeding device 402, a punch flow meter 401, a camera 404, and a barley grain moisture content meter 405.

[0048] The feeding and testing device 4 is bolted to the top of the frame platform 101. The feeding hopper 403 is located at the top, and its lower outlet is connected to the inlet of the feeding trough 402-1 of the vibrating feeding device 402. The discharge end of the vibrating feeding device 402 is located at the inlet of the front air duct 512 of the dust removal device and above the feed end of the three-stage vibrating screen 3. As the material falls freely from the outlet of the punch flow meter 401, it is cleaned by the horizontal or upward airflow generated by the front air duct 512. The material that is not sucked up falls directly into the three-stage screen.

[0049] The 403 feed hopper is made of 304 stainless steel sheet and has a volume of 0.8m³. The wall inclination angle is 42° (determined by the flowability test of barley material to ensure smooth material flow while avoiding excessive flow speed that could lead to distortion in subsequent tests). The inner wall is ground to a roughness Ra≤1.6μm. The feed inlet size is 300mm×250mm, and the edges are rounded to prevent material from getting stuck or remaining.

[0050] The vibrating feeder 402 includes a feeder vibrator 402-2 (MVE200 type, rated voltage 380V, excitation force 0~20kN) and a feed trough 402-1. The feed trough 402-1 is made of wear-resistant steel plate, with a length of 1200mm × width of 300mm × depth of 150mm, and its bottom is flexibly connected to the feeder vibrator 402-2. The automated control system automatically controls the amplitude of the feeder vibrator 402-2 within the range of 14~18mm based on the material impurity rate identified by the camera and the feed rate measured by the flow meter, ensuring a uniform feed rate.

[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, the punch plate flow meter 401 includes a punch plate flow meter housing 401-1, a flow detection plate 401-2, and a torque sensor 401-3. The punch plate flow meter housing 401-1 is fixedly installed on the machine frame platform 101 by a bracket and is located below the discharge end of the feed trough 402-1 of the vibrating feeder 402. A gap is reserved between the punch plate flow meter housing 401-1 and the feed trough 402-1 to prevent the vibration of the vibrating feeder 402 from being directly transmitted to the punch plate flow meter 401.

[0052] The flow detection plate 401-2 is inclinedly disposed inside the casing 401-1 of the plate flow meter. The upper end of the flow detection plate 401-2 is fixedly connected to the detection shaft, which is arranged along the width direction of the plate flow meter casing 401-1 and supported on the two side walls of the plate flow meter casing 401-1 by bearings. One end of the detection shaft extends out of the plate flow meter casing 401-1 and is connected to the torque sensor 401-3. The torque sensor 401-3 is fixed to the outer side wall of the plate flow meter casing 401-1 by a mounting base.

[0053] After falling from the discharge end of the feeding trough 402-1, the material impacts the flow detection plate 401-2. The impact force on the flow detection plate 401-2 causes the detection shaft to generate torque, which is detected by the torque sensor 401-3 and converted into a material flow signal. The detected material slides down the surface of the flow detection plate 401-2 and is discharged from the lower outlet of the flow meter housing 401-1 to the material discharge area corresponding to the inlet of the front air duct 512, before entering the feed end of the three-stage vibrating screen 3. This achieves real-time detection of material flow and smooth connection with downstream devices. The torque sensor 401-3 is electrically connected to the microcontroller signal input terminal of the automated control system via a shielded cable, transmitting the detected material flow signal to the microcontroller in real time. The flow signal transmitted by the torque sensor 401-3 is used to dynamically match the vibration frequency, screen plate inclination angle, and air duct opening.

[0054] Camera 404 is an industrial high-definition camera with a resolution of 1920×1080, a frame rate of 30fps, a lens focal length of 12mm, and a recognition accuracy of ±0.1mm. It is equipped with a dustproof and waterproof protective cover and is installed 300mm above the discharge end of the vibrating feeder 402. It is used to identify the average geometric shape of the material and feed back the signal to the automated control system.

[0055] The barley grain moisture content meter 405 adopts the capacitive detection principle, with a measurement range of 5% to 30%, an accuracy of ±0.5%, and a response time of ≤2s. It is installed in the feeding hopper 403 to synchronously collect material moisture content data.

[0056] (iii) Dust collection and removal device like Figures 1-3 , Figure 5 As shown, the dust collection and removal device includes a front air duct 512, a rear air duct 507, a front air duct baffle 511, a rear air duct baffle 508, a front air duct regulating motor 510, a rear air duct regulating motor 509, a centrifugal fan 5, an air duct 504, a cyclone separator 505, and a settling chamber discharge shaft 506. This device achieves two main functions: primary airflow cleaning and secondary airflow cleaning.

[0057] Primary airflow cleaning component: The inlet of the front air duct 512 is located between the discharge end of the feeding and detection device 4 and the inlet end of the three-stage vibrating screen 3. After the material is discharged from the feeding and detection device 4, it falls freely. The negative pressure airflow generated by the front air duct 512 performs primary cleaning of the material at the inlet. The material that is not sucked up falls directly into the inlet end of the three-stage vibrating screen 3, and its outlet is connected to the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan 5. The front air duct baffle 511 is rotatably installed in the front air duct 512 and is driven by the front air duct regulating motor 510 (0.3kW stepper motor). After the centrifugal fan 5 is started, it generates a negative pressure airflow at the discharge end of the feeding and detection device 4 through the front air duct 512, which performs primary airflow cleaning of the material about to enter the three-stage vibrating screen 3, sucking in light dust, debris, and other impurities from the material.

[0058] Secondary airflow cleaning component: The inlet end of the rear air duct 507 is connected to the outlet 307 of the three-stage vibrating screen 3, and its outlet end is connected to the air inlet end of the centrifugal fan 5. The rear air duct baffle 508 is rotatably installed inside the rear air duct 507 and is driven by the rear air duct regulating motor 509 (0.3kW stepper motor). When the material after being screened by the three-stage vibrating screen 3 is discharged from the outlet 307, the centrifugal fan 5 generates a negative pressure airflow through the rear air duct 507 to perform secondary airflow cleaning on the material, further separating residual small stalks, light impurities, etc.

[0059] Shared power and dust collection components: Centrifugal fan 5 (3kW general-purpose suction centrifugal fan, rated speed 2900r / min, air pressure 1200~2500Pa, equipped with frequency converter module) provides a unified negative pressure power source for the two airflow cleaning processes. The centrifugal fan housing 502 is made of cast iron, and the centrifugal fan 503 is made of die-cast aluminum alloy with a dynamic balance accuracy of G2.5. The air duct 504 is made of seamless steel pipe, 2.70m long, 0.21m outer diameter, and 3mm wall thickness, with flange sealing at both ends. The cyclone separator 505 is a welded carbon steel structure with an inlet size of 0.16m×0.12m, an outlet diameter of 0.21m, a dust discharge outlet diameter of 0.11m, and a cone angle of 20°. It has been optimized through fluid dynamics simulation to improve dust settling efficiency. A drawer-type dust collection box is designed below the discharge shaft 506 of the settling chamber for easy periodic cleaning.

[0060] The dust and impurities drawn in by the primary and secondary airflow cleaning enter the cyclone separator 505 through the air duct 504. The cyclone separator is used to separate the dust-laden airflow drawn in by the front and rear air ducts. After the dust and impurities settle, they are discharged through the discharge shaft 506 in the settling chamber. The purified airflow is discharged from the air outlet.

[0061] The automated control system adjusts the rotation speed of the centrifugal fan 5 based on material flow rate and moisture content signals to ensure that the gas velocity within the system does not exceed the maximum suspension velocity of the current highland barley grains (≤8.60m / s), preventing the grains from being sucked into the dust removal system. Simultaneously, the control system controls the rotation of the front duct regulating motor 510 and the rear duct regulating motor 509 based on the material flow rate signal to adapt to the corresponding duct speeds: the front duct 512 has a cross-sectional dimension of 280mm × 80mm, and the rear duct 507 has the same cross-sectional dimension; when an increase in flow rate is detected, the airflow in the rear duct 507 is automatically increased by 10%–15%. The rotation angle control accuracy of the front and rear duct baffles is ±0.5°.

[0062] (iv) Three-stage vibrating screen and screen box excitation device like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the screen box 301 of the three-stage vibrating screening device 3 is connected to the screen box excitation device 2 via a flexible vibrating plate 201. The screen box 301 is mounted on the frame platform 101 via spring shock absorbers, in an inclined posture with the front lower than the back (the inlet end is higher than the outlet end). The inlet end of the screen box 301 is located directly below the material outlet of the punch flow meter 401. The outlet 307 of the screen box 301 is connected to the inlet of the rear air duct 507 of the dust collection device.

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, the screen box vibration device 2 includes a screen box vibration motor 202 (a 2.2kW three-phase asynchronous motor with a rated speed of 1480r / min, connected to an eccentric bearing housing 203 via a 1:5 reduction ratio reducer), an eccentric bearing housing 203, a vibration connecting plate 204, and a flexible vibrating plate 201. The vibration connecting plate 204 is made of 12mm thick No. 45 steel plate, and the flexible vibrating plate 201 is made of 15mm thick polyurethane material with an elastic modulus of 20MPa, reducing vibration noise and transmission loss. The screen box vibration device 2 includes a flexible vibrating plate 201, a screen box vibration motor 202, an eccentric bearing housing 203, and a vibration connecting plate 204. The screen box 301 is mounted on the machine frame platform 101 via elastic supports, enabling the screen box 301 to generate controlled vibration relative to the machine frame 1.

[0064] The screen box vibrating motor 202 is fixedly mounted on the motor mounting base on the outside of the screen box 301. The output shaft of the screen box vibrating motor 202 is connected to the eccentric shaft set in the eccentric bearing housing 203 through a coupling or belt drive mechanism. The eccentric bearing housing 203 is fixed to the vibrating connecting plate 204 by bolts. The vibrating connecting plate 204 is then connected to the side wall of the screen box 301 through the flexible vibrating plate 201.

[0065] When the screen box vibration motor 202 starts, the eccentric shaft rotates within the eccentric bearing housing 203, generating periodic centrifugal inertial force. This inertial force is transmitted sequentially through the eccentric bearing housing 203, the vibration connecting plate 204, and the flexible vibrating plate 201 to the screen box 301, causing the screen box 301 to reciprocate under the constraint of the elastic support. The flexible vibrating plate 201 is used to buffer the vibration impact and reduce vibration transmission loss, thereby ensuring the smooth vibration of the screen box 301.

[0066] The three-stage vibrating screening device 3 includes a screen box 301, a primary vertical row elongated perforated screen 302, a secondary screen with variable aperture size 303, a tertiary circular perforated screen 305, and a rubber ball cleaning device 306. The screen box 301 is a welded steel plate box structure, 2500mm long × 600mm wide × 800mm high, with sound insulation cotton pasted on the inner wall for noise reduction. Each stage of the screen is connected by spring dampers (dampening spring stiffness coefficient 50N / mm) to reduce vibration transmission. The screen box 301 is equipped with a discharge port 307. Each stage of the screen has a width of 500mm and lengths of 600mm (primary), 900mm (secondary), and 1000mm (tertiary), respectively.

[0067] The primary vertical perforated screen 302 has a screen size of 25mm in length and 5mm in width, with an opening rate of ≥45%. It achieves preliminary separation of impurities such as long stems, leaves, and ears through high-frequency vibration. The tertiary circular perforated screen 305 has a screen diameter of 3mm and is used to separate short stems and small impurities.

[0068] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the secondary screen with variable aperture size 303 includes a screen frame 303-1, a lower screen surface 303-2, an upper screen surface 303-3, an x-axis ball screw 303-4, a y-axis ball screw 303-5, an x-axis screw drive motor 303-6, and a y-axis screw drive motor 303-7.

[0069] The upper screen surface is connected to the x-axis ball screw 303-4 via a first screw nut seat 303-8 fixed to the edge of the upper screen surface 303-3. Both ends of the x-axis ball screw 303-4 are supported on the screen frame 303-1 by bearing seats. The x-axis ball screw drive motor 303-6 is fixed to one side of the screen frame 303-1, and its output shaft is connected to the x-axis ball screw 303-4 via a coupling. When the x-axis ball screw drive motor 303-6 drives the x-axis ball screw 303-4 to rotate, the first screw nut seat 303-9 moves axially along the x-axis ball screw 303-4, thereby causing the upper screen surface 303-3 to translate along the x-axis direction.

[0070] The lower screen surface 303-2 is connected to the y-axis ball screw 303-5 via a second screw nut seat 303-9 fixed to the edge of the lower screen surface 303-2. Both ends of the y-axis ball screw 303-5 are supported on the screen frame 303-1 by bearing seats. The y-axis ball screw drive motor 303-7 is fixed to the other side of the screen frame 303-1, and its output shaft is connected to the y-axis ball screw 303-5 via a coupling. When the y-axis ball screw drive motor 303-7 drives the y-axis ball screw 303-5 to rotate, the second screw nut seat 303-9 moves axially along the y-axis ball screw 303-5, thereby causing the lower screen surface 303-2 to translate along the y-axis direction.

[0071] Both the upper sieve surface 303-3 and the lower sieve surface 303-2 are provided with regularly arranged sieve holes. By moving the upper sieve surface 303-3 along the x-axis and the lower sieve surface 303-2 along the y-axis, the overlapping area of ​​the upper and lower sieve holes can be changed, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the effective size of the secondary sieve holes.

[0072] The contact surfaces of the lower sieve surface 303-2 and the upper sieve surface 303-3, as well as the contact surfaces of the upper sieve surface 303-3 and the sieve frame 303-1, are all coated with a 50μm thick polytetrafluoroethylene coating with a friction coefficient ≤0.05. This reduces the friction coefficient between the sieve plates, prevents contamination of the barley grains, and prevents the sieve plates from rusting. After the camera 404 identifies the average geometric shape of the material, the automated control system controls the two drive motors to move. Through the relative movement of the lower and upper sieve surfaces, the overlap area of ​​the sieve holes is changed, achieving adaptive matching of the sieve hole size.

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, the rubber ball cleaning device 306 is set below the three-stage circular perforated screen 305. The rubber balls are made of Shore 60° wear-resistant natural rubber, with a diameter of 15mm and a uniform spacing of 50mm. The screen holes are self-cleaned by the impact of the rubber balls on the screen plate, thus avoiding clogging.

[0074] The sieve box 301 is equipped with a sieve plate angle adjustment mechanism, which includes a first crank 304-1, a second crank 304-2 and a sieve plate angle adjustment motor 304-3.

[0075] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the feed ends of the secondary screen with variable aperture size 303 and the tertiary circular perforated screen 305 are respectively installed on the screen plate support seats on both sides of the screen box 301 through transverse hinge shafts, so that the screen plates can rotate around the transverse hinge shafts; the corresponding discharge ends of the screen plates are provided with angle adjustment ear plates 304-4.

[0076] The screen plate angle adjustment motor 304-3 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the screen box 301. Its output shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the first crank 304-1. The other end of the first crank 304-1 is hinged to one end of the second crank 304-2. The other end of the second crank 304-2 is hinged to the angle adjustment ear plate 304-4 at the discharge end of the screen plate.

[0077] When the screen plate angle adjusting motor 304-3 rotates, the first crank 304-1 rotates with the motor output shaft, driving the second crank 304-2 to swing. The second crank 304-2 further pushes or pulls the screen plate discharge end to rise and fall, causing the screen plate to rotate around its inlet end transverse hinge shaft, thereby realizing the adjustment of the screen plate inclination angle. The automatic control system controls the screen plate angle adjusting motor 304-3 to operate according to the material flow signal, so that the inclination angle of the secondary screen aperture variable screen 303 and / or the tertiary circular perforated screen 305 can be adjusted within the range of 2° to 7°.

[0078] The automated control system dynamically adjusts the output frequency of the screen box vibrating motor 202 based on the feed flow signal transmitted by the torque sensor 401-3, so that the vibration frequency is adapted and adjusted between 3 and 7 Hz: when the feed rate is >2.0 t / h, the frequency rises to 6 to 7 Hz, and when the feed rate is <1.0 t / h, the frequency drops to 3 to 4 Hz, and the amplitude is stabilized at 16 to 18 mm.

[0079] (v) Automated control system The core of the automated control system is an STM32F103 series microcontroller (72MHz main frequency, 512KB Flash capacity, 64KB RAM capacity, integrated ADC and PWM function modules, and reserved multi-channel sensor interfaces). The control box is an IP54 protection-rated metal enclosure, with built-in switching power supply, relays, and frequency converters. The front panel is equipped with a 5-inch 800×480 resolution touch screen, which displays operating parameters, equipment level status, and fault alarms in real time.

[0080] The microcontroller receives signals from the torque sensor 401-3, camera 404, moisture content meter 405, and level sensor 605. Based on its built-in algorithm, it automatically controls the amplitude of the vibrating feeder 402, the frequency of the screen box vibrating motor 202, the screen plate angle adjustment motor 304-3, the x-axis lead screw drive motor 303-6 and y-axis lead screw drive motor 303-7, the speed of the centrifugal fan 5, the front air duct adjustment motor 510, the rear air duct adjustment motor 509, and the leveling drive motor 604, achieving fully adaptive operation. The system's response time to the adjustment of the above parameters is ≤500ms; when the feed rate fluctuates by ±50% or the moisture content changes by ±6%, the system automatically adapts the parameters to maintain stable cleaning performance.

[0081] (vi) Work Flow After the equipment is moved to the work site, the automatic leveling device 6 is activated first to complete the equipment leveling calibration. The threshed barley material is added to the feeding hopper 403 and evenly conveyed by the vibrating feeder 402. The flow meter 401, camera 404, and moisture content meter 405 monitor the material parameters in real time. The material first undergoes a primary airflow cleaning to remove light dust and impurities, then enters the three-stage vibrating screening device 3, passing sequentially through a primary screen (separating long stalks, etc.), a secondary variable screen (separating longer stalks and ear grains), and a tertiary screen (separating short stalks and small impurities). During the screening process, the control system adaptively adjusts the vibration frequency, screen plate inclination angle, and secondary screen aperture size according to the material flow rate and shape. The screened material enters the dust removal device, where a secondary airflow cleaning further removes broken stalks, ultimately yielding clean barley grains.

[0082] This device is designed to handle feed rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.0 t / h, with 1.0 to 2.0 t / h being the optimal operating range. The target grain cleanliness rate is ≥96%, and the total entrainment loss rate is ≤1.5%. The overall design weight of the equipment is ≤1.5t, the continuous operating time is ≥8 hours, the vibration amplitude is ≤2.5mm, and it is suitable for high-altitude areas ranging from 1500 to 4500m.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A barley threshing and material separation and cleaning device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that, It also includes integrated mounting on the rack (1): The feeding and detection device (4) is used to receive and transport materials, and to detect the flow rate, geometric shape and moisture content of the materials in real time, and output detection signals. The dust removal device has an independently adjustable front air duct (512) and a rear air duct (507). The inlet of the front air duct (512) is located between the feeding and detection device (4) and the three-stage vibrating screen device (3) to generate negative pressure airflow for the initial airflow cleaning of the material. The inlet of the rear air duct (507) is connected to the discharge end of the three-stage vibrating screen device (3) for the secondary airflow cleaning of the screened material. The three-stage vibrating screening device (3) is located downstream of the dust collection device and includes a first-stage vertical long waist-shaped perforated screen (302), a second-stage screen with variable aperture size (303), and a third-stage circular perforated screen (305) arranged sequentially along the material conveying direction, as well as a screen box excitation device (2) for driving the vibration of each stage of the screen plates; the aperture size of the second-stage screen with variable aperture size (303) can be adaptively adjusted according to the material geometry signal detected by the feeding and detection device (4); An automatic leveling device (6) is installed at the bottom of the frame (1), including a level sensor (605) and multiple telescopic support components independently controlled by a drive mechanism, for automatically adjusting the height of each support component according to the equipment tilt angle signal detected by the level sensor (605) to keep the frame (1) level; The automated control system receives signals from the feeding and detection device (4) and the level sensor (605), and automatically controls the air volume of each air duct in the dust removal device, the vibration frequency of the screen box excitation device (2), the screen hole size of the secondary screen hole size variable screen (303), the inclination angle of the screen plate in the tertiary vibrating screen device (3), and the working status of the drive mechanism in the automatic leveling device (6) according to the preset program.

2. The barley threshing and separating cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable aperture screen (303) includes a fixed screen frame (303-1), a lower screen surface (303-2) that can be translated along a first direction, and an upper screen surface (303-3) that can be translated along a second direction. Both the lower screen surface (303-2) and the upper screen surface (303-3) are provided with multiple screen holes. By driving the lower screen surface (303-2) and / or the upper screen surface (303-3) to translate, the degree of overlap of the screen holes is changed, thereby realizing continuous adjustment of the screen hole size. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

3. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic leveling device (6) includes a level sensor (605) fixed on the frame, and four sets of telescopic support components corresponding to the four corners of the bottom of the frame (1); each set of telescopic support components includes an upper mounting base (608), a lower mounting base (609), a scissor support frame (602), an automatic leveling screw (603), a leveling drive motor (604), a first slider (606), and a second slider (607); The upper mounting base (608) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame (1), the lower mounting base (609) is fixedly connected to the mounting base of the walking wheel (601), the scissor support frame (602) is installed between the upper mounting base (608) and the lower mounting base (609), the scissor support frame (602) is composed of two sets of cross-arranged scissor arms to form a telescopic diamond support structure, the upper end of the scissor support frame (602) is hinged to the upper mounting base (608), the lower end of the scissor support frame (602) is hinged to the lower mounting base (609), and the left and right sides of the scissor support frame (602) are respectively hinged to the first slider (606) and the second slider (607); The automatic leveling screw (603) is a bidirectional threaded screw with two threads in opposite directions. The automatic leveling screw (603) passes through the first slider (606) and the second slider (607), and the automatic leveling screw (603) is threadedly connected to the first slider (606) and the second slider (607) respectively through the two threads in opposite directions. The leveling drive motor (604) is connected to the first slider (606), and one end of the automatic leveling screw (603) is connected to the output shaft of the leveling drive motor (604) through a coupling.

4. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front air duct (512) and rear air duct (507) of the dust collection device are respectively equipped with a rotatable front air duct baffle (511) and a rear air duct baffle (508). The front air duct baffle (511) and the rear air duct baffle (508) are driven by the front air duct regulating motor (510) and the rear air duct regulating motor (509). The automatic control system controls the front air duct regulating motor (510) and the rear air duct regulating motor (509) according to the material flow signal to independently adjust the opening degree of the front air duct (512) and the rear air duct (507).

5. The barley threshing and separating cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automated control system dynamically adjusts the output frequency of the screen box excitation device (2) according to the material flow signal, so that the vibration frequency of the three-stage vibrating screen device (3) is adapted and adjusted between 3 and 7 Hz: when the feed rate is greater than 2.0 t / h, the frequency is adjusted to 6 to 7 Hz, and when the feed rate is less than 1.0 t / h, the frequency is adjusted to 3 to 4 Hz.

6. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screen plate inclination angle of the three-stage vibrating screening device (3) is adjustable. The automatic control system adjusts the inclination angle of the secondary screen with variable aperture size (303) and / or the tertiary circular perforated screen (305) to between 2° and 7° by driving the first crank (304-1) and the second crank (304-2) of the crank mechanism through the screen plate angle adjustment motor (304-3) according to the material flow signal. When the flow rate increases, the screen plate inclination angle is reduced.

7. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screen hole size of the first-stage vertical long waist-shaped perforated screen (302) is 25mm long and 5mm wide; the screen hole diameter of the third-stage circular perforated screen (305) is 3mm; the initial screen hole size of the second-stage variable screen (303) is a square hole of 10mm×4mm.

8. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-stage vibrating screening device (3), a rubber ball cleaning device (306) is provided below the three-stage circular perforated screen (305) to achieve self-cleaning of the screen holes by impacting the screen plate.

9. The barley threshing material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal device includes a centrifugal fan (5), a duct (504), and a cyclone separator (505). The automatic control system adjusts the rotation speed of the centrifugal fan (5) according to the material flow rate and moisture content signal so that the gas flow rate in the system does not exceed the maximum suspension speed of the current barley grains.

10. A barley threshing and material separation and cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding and detection device (4) includes a feeding hopper (403), a vibrating feeder (402), a punch flow meter (401), a camera (404), and a moisture content meter (405); the punch flow meter (401) is used to detect the material flow rate; the camera (404) is used to identify the geometric shape of the material; and the moisture content meter (405) is used to detect the moisture content of the material.

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