Combined reamer with quick adjustable axial length

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of metal cutting tool technology, specifically a modular reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length. It includes a modular, detachable cutter head, cutter shaft, mating shaft, splitting zone, fastening ring, adjuster, and vibration damping plug. The cutter head is replaceable and mounted on the cutter shaft, which is connected to the machine tool spindle via the mating shaft. The splitting zone and fastening ring work together to lock and release the cutter shaft. The vibration damping plug within the adjuster dampens vibrations. Springs, inserts, follower bars, and retaining balls within the cutter shaft work together to achieve precise, fixed-distance adjustment of the cutter shaft's axial length. This invention enables rapid cutter head replacement and convenient cutter shaft length adjustment without secondary measurement, effectively reducing machining vibration, ensuring reaming accuracy, reducing tool storage costs, adapting to the machining needs of holes of different depths, and featuring a reasonable structure and convenient operation. It can be widely applied to various hole finishing scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting tool technology, specifically a combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length. Background Technology

[0002] Reamers are commonly used finishing tools in metal cutting, primarily for finishing, dimensional calibration, and precision improvement of pre-drilled or enlarged holes. They are widely used in various fields requiring high-precision hole structures, such as machinery manufacturing, mold making, and automotive parts production. Their working principle involves multi-bladed rotary cutting to remove minute amounts of excess material from the hole wall surface, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy, roundness, and surface finish of the hole and meeting the fitting requirements between parts.

[0003] In actual machining, the hole depth varies between different workpieces, and the hole depth may also vary at different positions on the same workpiece. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the axial length of the reamer so that the reamer can be adapted to the machining of holes of different depths. This eliminates the need to frequently change reamers of different lengths, thereby improving machining efficiency and reducing tooling costs.

[0004] Most reamers on the market are of a fixed, integral structure. Some adjustable reamers have cumbersome adjustment methods, insufficient adjustment precision, and the coaxiality of the reamer is easily affected during the adjustment process. It is difficult to balance the convenience of adjustment and the machining precision, which limits their application range to a certain extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is a combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length, including a combined detachable cutter head and a cutter shaft. The cutter head is mounted on the cutter shaft, and the cutter shaft is connected to the machine tool spindle through a docking shaft. In addition, it also includes a fission zone and an adjuster.

[0007] The fission zone is located in the middle of the docking shaft and is a frustum-shaped structure composed of several circumferentially opened elastic ring plates. Its outer wall is fitted with a fastening ring by thread engagement. Both are used to lock and release the head of the cutter shaft. The regulator is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone, with the cutter shaft passing through it.

[0008] Specifically, the cutter shaft has a cavity in the middle along its axial direction, and a plug is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone. The plug penetrates into the cavity, and a spring is sleeved on the outside of the plug. The head of the cutter shaft abuts against the spring and compresses and deforms it.

[0009] Specifically, a damping plug is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the regulator, through which the cutter shaft passes. A follower column is slidably installed on the side wall of the damping plug via an extension groove. A disc spring is provided between the follower column and the damping plug, and the axes of the follower column and the damping plug are perpendicular.

[0010] Specifically, the side wall of the cutter shaft is provided with a sliding groove along its axial direction, and a follower bar is slidably installed in the sliding groove. One end of the follower bar is fixedly connected to the side of the follower bar away from the cutter shaft axis by means of threaded engagement, and the other end of the follower bar abuts against the adjuster.

[0011] Specifically, a follower ring is rotatably mounted on the regulator, and a follower groove with a fan-shaped included angle is opened on the regulator. A top protrusion is provided on the side of the follower ring facing the axis of the regulator. The top protrusion is located in the follower groove and slides in contact with the end of the follower column.

[0012] Specifically, a retaining plate is fixedly installed at the end of the insert rod, and a retaining bead is rotatably installed on the retaining plate. A ball groove is opened on the side of the follower bar facing the axis of the cutter shaft to engage with the retaining bead.

[0013] Specifically, the card plate has a triangular structure with the card bead located at its apex. Both inclined sidewalls of the card plate are provided with embedded grooves for fixing the bristles that come into contact with the ball groove.

[0014] Specifically, multiple follower bars and follower rings are provided, and they correspond one-to-one.

[0015] Specifically, the ball grooves are formed at equal intervals on the sidewalls of the follower strip.

[0016] Specifically, the follower column is provided with corresponding protrusions on the follower strips at different ball groove spacings, which cooperate with the top protrusions at different positions.

[0017] Specifically, the cutter shaft has a retaining ring installed at the end near the cutter head via a threaded engagement. Multiple inserts are circumferentially installed on the side wall of the retaining ring, and the inserts slide into slots in the vibration damping plug.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: In this invention, the coordinated operation of each component not only enables rapid tool head replacement and precise adjustment of the axial length of the tool shaft, solving the problems of cumbersome adjustment, easily affected accuracy, and high tool maintenance costs of traditional reamers, but also effectively reduces the vibration of the tool shaft during the reaming process through the damping effect of the damping plug, the auxiliary vibration reduction and limiting effect of the insert and slot, ensuring the reaming accuracy and surface quality. The setting of multiple follower strips with different spacing ball grooves can flexibly adapt to the processing requirements of holes of different depths, improving the versatility and applicability of the reamer. The overall structure is reasonably designed, easy to operate, and highly stable, and can be widely used in various hole precision machining scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Front view diagram; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of point B in the image; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged diagram of point C in the diagram; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of cross-section along direction D in the diagram; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the combined reamer. Figure 9 This is a second partial cross-sectional view of the combined reamer; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged diagram of point E in the diagram; In the diagram: 1. Cutter head; 2. Cutter shaft; 3. Connecting shaft; 4. Fission zone; 5. Fastening ring; 6. Adjuster; 7. Vibration damping plug; 21. Follower bar; 22. Ball groove; 23. Embedded groove; 24. Retaining ring; 25. Insert plate; 41. Insert rod; 42. Spring; 43. Clamping plate; 44. Clamping ball; 61. Follower ring; 62. Top protrusion; 70. Disc spring; 71. Extension groove; 72. Follower post; 73. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] This invention discloses a modular reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length. Its core lies in the coordinated operation of its components to achieve rapid replacement of the cutter head 1 and precise adjustment of the axial length of the cutter shaft 2, while simultaneously ensuring vibration reduction and coaxiality stability during the reaming process. The specific implementation process is as follows: like Figures 1 to 5As shown, this reamer consists of a modular, detachable cutter head 1, a cutter shaft 2, a docking shaft 3, a splitting zone 4, a fastening ring 5, an adjuster 6, a vibration damping plug 7, and related auxiliary parts. The cutter head 1 is replaceable and mounted on the cutter shaft 2. This mounting method effectively facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the cutter head 1. In actual use, only worn or adapted cutter heads 1 need to be replaced, without disassembling the cutter shaft 2. This avoids axial misalignment caused by frequent disassembly of the cutter shaft 2, thus ensuring that the reaming accuracy is not affected. It also significantly reduces tool maintenance costs and replacement time. The cutter shaft 2 is connected to the machine tool spindle via the docking shaft 3. The connection is stable. A fission zone 4 is set in the middle of the docking shaft 3. The fission zone 4 has an expansion joint. A fastening ring 5 is installed on its outer wall through thread engagement. The fastening ring 5 and the fission zone 4 cooperate to lock and release the head of the cutter shaft 2. Specifically, when the fastening ring 5 is tightened, the fission zone 4 will shrink and deform through its own expansion joint, thereby forming a clamping force on the head of the cutter shaft 2 that passes through it, so as to achieve a stable fixation of the cutter shaft 2. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the cutter shaft 2, the fastening ring 5 is loosened in the opposite direction. The shrinkage and deformation of the fission zone 4 are released, and the locking effect on the cutter shaft 2 can be released. The operation is convenient and the locking reliability is strong.

[0023] like Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the regulator 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone 4. The cutter shaft 2 passes through the regulator 6. A damping plug 7 is fixedly installed inside the regulator 6. The damping plug 7 contains damping and vibration reduction material. Its core function is to reduce the vibration of the cutter shaft 2 during the reaming process, avoiding problems such as hole diameter deviation, excessive surface roughness, and chipping of the cutting edge of the cutter head 1 caused by vibration. This effectively improves the reaming quality and tool life. A retaining ring 24 is installed on the end of the cutter shaft 2 near the cutter head 1 by thread engagement. Multiple inserts are circumferentially installed on the side wall of the retaining ring 24. During the installation of the cutter shaft 2, the retaining ring 24 must first be tightened to the head of the cutter shaft 2 to ensure that the insert 25 on the retaining ring 24 is aligned with the slot 73 in the vibration damping plug 7. Then, during the process of inserting the cutter shaft 2 into the docking shaft 3 and the adjuster 6, the insert 25 is simultaneously inserted into the slot 73. Through the limiting cooperation between the insert 25 and the slot 73, the coaxiality of the cutter shaft 2 during axial displacement can be effectively maintained, avoiding axis offset from affecting the adjustment accuracy and reaming quality. At the same time, it can also play an auxiliary role in vibration damping, further improving the overall stability of the reamer.

[0024] like Figures 7 to 10As shown, a cavity is formed in the middle of the cutter shaft 2 along its axial direction. A rod 41 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone 4. The rod 41 passes through the cavity of the cutter shaft 2. A spring 42 is sleeved on the outside of the rod 41. When the cutter shaft 2 is initially installed, the head of the cutter shaft 2 abuts against the spring 42 and causes it to compress and deform and store energy. The elastic restoring force of the spring 42 provides power support for the subsequent axial displacement of the cutter shaft 2. A triangular clamping plate 43 is fixedly installed at the end of the rod 41. A retaining bead 44 is rotatably installed at each of the three vertices of the clamping plate 43. An inner groove 23 is provided on both inclined side walls of the clamping plate 43. Brush bristles for contacting the ball groove 22 are fixed in the inner groove 23. The brush bristles can effectively remove chips and impurities in the ball groove 22 and prevent jamming when the retaining bead 44 engages with the ball groove 22, ensuring the smoothness of the adjustment process.

[0025] like Figure 10 As shown, the side wall of the cutter shaft 2 is provided with a sliding groove along its axial direction. Multiple follower strips 21 are slidably installed in the sliding groove. On the side of the follower strip 21 facing the axis of the cutter shaft 2, there is a ball groove 22 that engages with the retaining bead 44. The ball grooves 22 are provided on the side wall of the follower strip 21 at equal intervals. The ball grooves 22 on the multiple follower strips 21 are arranged at intervals of 1-5mm, 1-10mm and 1-20mm, respectively, which correspond to the adjustment requirements of short distance, medium distance and large distance. It can be flexibly selected according to the specific processing conditions to meet the processing requirements of holes of different depths. When the ball grooves 22 are arranged at short distances, the retaining bead 44 can be replaced with a retaining pin or a card.

[0026] like Figure 1 as well as Figures 7 to 10 As shown, a follower column 72 is slidably mounted on the side wall of the damping plug 7 via an extension groove 71. A disc spring 70 is provided between the follower column 72 and the damping plug 7, and the axes of the follower column 72 and the damping plug 7 are perpendicular. One end of the follower column 72 is fixedly connected to the side of the follower bar 21 away from the axis of the cutter shaft 2 by means of a threaded connection. The other end of the follower column 72 abuts against the adjuster 6. The follower column 72 is provided with corresponding grooves on the follower bar 21 at different ball groove 22 spacings. The corresponding protrusions are mounted on the regulator 6 with multiple follower rings 61, each of which corresponds to a follower bar 21. The regulator 6 has a follower groove with a fan-shaped included angle. The follower ring 61 has a top protrusion 62 on the side facing the axis of the regulator 6. The top protrusion 62 is located in the follower groove and slides in contact with the end of the follower post 72. By rotating the follower ring 61, the top protrusion 62 can be moved in the follower groove, thereby achieving the pressing and releasing of the follower post 72.

[0027] During operation, under the initial conditions after the cutter shaft 2 is installed, the insertion rod 41 is fully inserted into the cavity of the cutter shaft 2. The initial height positions of the ball grooves 22 on the multiple follower bars 21 near the bottom of the cavity are all the same. At this time, the three locking beads 44 set on the locking plate 43 respectively engage with the ball grooves 22 on the three follower bars 21 to fix the initial position of the cutter shaft 2. When it is necessary to adjust the exposed length of the cutter shaft 2, first determine the approximate range to be adjusted, and then determine which follower bar 21's ball groove 22 needs to be engaged with the retaining bead 44. Then rotate the other two corresponding follower rings 61 so that the top protrusion 62 on the follower ring 61 disengages from the clamping action on the follower post 72. Under the elastic reset action of the disc spring 70, the follower post 72 moves outward and pulls the corresponding follower bar 21 to move synchronously, thereby releasing the meshing action between the ball groove 22 and the retaining bead 44 at that position. At this time, only a pair of retaining beads 44 remain engaged with the ball groove 22, realizing the positioning of the cutter shaft 2 adjustment direction. Then, rotate the fastening ring 5 to release the locking effect of the fission zone 4 on the cutter shaft 2, so that the two can maintain a certain relative sliding ability with friction, and avoid excessive displacement or offset of the cutter shaft 2 during the adjustment process. Then, rotate the third remaining follower ring 61 intermittently to briefly release the clamping effect between it and the follower column 72, so that the retaining ball 44 disengages from the current ball groove 22 and rolls against the side wall of the follower strip 21. At this time, under the elastic reset action of the spring 42, the cutter shaft 2 is pushed down, and the retaining ball 44 rolls relative to the follower strip 21. When it rolls to the next ball groove 22 position, such as an interval of 5mm, 10mm or 20mm, depending on the ball groove 22 spacing of the selected follower strip 21, under the elastic action of the disc spring 70, the follower column 72 drives the follower strip 21 to reset, so that the retaining ball 44 falls back into the ball groove 22 and achieves engagement. Thus, the fixed displacement adjustment of the cutter shaft 2 at the corresponding distance is completed. The entire adjustment process does not require secondary measurement, the operation is convenient and quick, and the adjustment accuracy is high. After the position of the cutter shaft 2 is adjusted, the two previously rotating follower rings 61 are reset again, so that the top protrusion 62 presses against the follower post 72 again, driving the follower strip 21 to reset, so that the three retaining balls 44 are engaged with the ball grooves 22 on the corresponding follower strips 21. Then, tighten the fastening ring 5 again, so that the fission zone 4 shrinks and deforms and re-clamps the head of the cutter shaft 2, so as to achieve a stable fixation of the cutter shaft 2, and then the subsequent reaming work can be carried out.

[0028] In this specific embodiment, a reasonable structural design effectively solves the problems of inconvenient adjustment and insufficient precision of existing reamers, combining practicality and stability. The replaceable cutter head 1 design allows for replacement without disassembling the cutter shaft 2, avoiding precision deviations caused by frequent disassembly and reducing maintenance costs. The quick-adjustment mechanism, in conjunction with the fixed-distance positioning structure, enables precise and convenient adjustment of the reamer's axial length, eliminating the need for secondary measurements and significantly improving processing efficiency. The vibration damping structure and limiting structure work together to effectively reduce vibration during processing, ensuring reaming accuracy and surface quality. Simultaneously, it adapts to the processing requirements of holes of different depths, broadening the reamer's applicability. The overall structure is reasonable, easy to operate, and highly practical.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length, characterized in that: It includes a modular, detachable cutter head (1) and a cutter shaft (2), with the cutter head (1) mounted on the cutter shaft (2). The cutter shaft (2) is connected to the machine tool spindle via a mating shaft (3). In addition, it also includes... The fission zone (4) is located in the middle of the docking shaft (3), and a fastening ring (5) is installed on its outer wall by means of thread engagement. The two are used to lock and release the head of the cutter shaft (2). The regulator (6) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone (4), through which the cutter shaft (2) passes; The cutter shaft (2) has a cavity in the middle along its axis. A plug rod (41) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fission zone (4). The plug rod (41) passes through the cavity. A spring (42) is sleeved on the outside of the plug rod (41). The head of the cutter shaft (2) abuts against the spring (42) and compresses and deforms it.

2. The combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulator (6) has a damping plug (7) fixedly installed in its inner cavity, through which the cutter shaft (2) passes. The side wall of the damping plug (7) is slidably installed with a follower column (72) through an extension groove (71). A disc spring (70) is provided between the follower column (72) and the damping plug (7), and the axes of the follower column (72) and the damping plug (7) are perpendicular.

3. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the cutter shaft (2) is provided with a sliding groove along its axis. A follower bar (21) is slidably installed in the sliding groove. One end of the follower column (72) is fixedly connected to the side of the follower bar (21) away from the axis of the cutter shaft (2) by means of threaded connection. The other end of the follower column (72) abuts against the adjuster (6).

4. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 3, characterized in that: The regulator (6) is rotatably mounted with a follower ring (61). The regulator (6) has a follower groove with a fan-shaped included angle. The follower ring (61) has a top protrusion (62) on the side facing the axis of the regulator (6). The top protrusion (62) is located in the follower groove and slides in contact with the end of the follower column (72).

5. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the insertion rod (41) is fixedly installed with a clamping plate (43), and a retaining bead (44) is rotatably installed on the clamping plate (43). The follower bar (21) has a ball groove (22) on the side facing the axis of the cutter shaft (2) that engages with the retaining bead (44).

6. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 5, characterized in that: The card plate (43) has a triangular structure with the card bead (44) located at its apex. Both sides of the inclined sidewalls of the card plate (43) are provided with embedded grooves (23) for fixing the bristles that come into contact with the ball groove (22).

7. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple follower bars (21) and follower rings (61) are provided, and they correspond one-to-one.

8. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ball grooves (22) are equidistantly opened on the side wall of the follower strip (21), and the ball grooves (22) on the multiple follower strips (21) are arranged at intervals of 5mm, 10mm and 20mm.

9. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 8, characterized in that: The follower column (72) is provided with a corresponding protrusion on the follower bar (21) at different ball groove (22) spacings, which cooperates with the top protrusion (62) at different positions.

10. A combined reamer with rapidly adjustable axial length according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutter shaft (2) has a retaining ring (24) installed at the end near the cutter head (1) by thread engagement. Multiple inserts (25) are circumferentially installed on the side wall of the retaining ring (24), and the inserts (25) slide into the slots (73) in the damping plug (7).

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