Fault switching method and system based on redundant dc power supply module and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of direct-current switching power supplies, and discloses a fault switching method and system based on a redundant direct-current power supply module and a storage medium, wherein the method relies on at least two compatible parallel direct-current switching modules, collects output voltages of the modules according to a set period, selects a module corresponding to a maximum value as a working power supply, and selects the remaining modules as redundant power supplies; the output voltages are subjected to frequency domain conversion, a fault frequency band component is extracted to calculate a total energy value, a fault speed is obtained in combination with an energy growth speed within a set time length; an energy comparison value, a speed comparison value and a fault comparison value are calculated respectively and fused; when the fault comparison value exceeds a preset alarm threshold value, an abnormality prompt is triggered, a redundant power supply is switched to a new working power supply, and an original fault power supply is blocked and isolated. The application realizes accurate fault identification and seamless switching, guarantees power supply continuity, and improves the operation reliability of a redundant direct-current power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of DC switching power supplies, and in particular to a fault switching method, system and storage medium based on redundant DC power supply modules. Background Technology

[0002] A DC switching power supply is a power supply device based on power electronic conversion technology. It converts electrical energy form and voltage amplitude through the switching of controllable switching devices, transforming input AC or high-voltage DC into low-voltage DC suitable for various electrical equipment. Compared to traditional linear power supplies, DC switching power supplies offer significant advantages such as high power density, high energy conversion efficiency, compact size, and strong adaptability. They are the core power supply unit for various electrical and electronic devices and the fundamental power supply carrier for the stable operation of modern power system automation equipment.

[0003] DC switching power supplies, with their superior power supply performance and adaptability, have been widely used in many critical fields such as industrial control, rail transportation, communication maintenance, and power systems. Especially in the power industry, core secondary equipment such as control and protection devices, measurement and control devices, and automation terminals in various substations and distribution rooms all rely on DC switching power supplies for their operating power. Currently, DC switching power supplies have essentially covered all power module application scenarios in power system control and protection equipment, occupying the entire market share in this field. Their operational stability and reliability directly determine the working status of secondary power equipment and are crucial to the overall operational safety of the power system.

[0004] DC switching power supplies primarily rely on the high-frequency switching action of internal power switching devices, combined with the PWM pulse width modulation chopping principle, to achieve precise voltage regulation and power conversion. To balance miniaturization and high power conversion efficiency, the operating switching frequency of the power supply must be maintained above 30kHz. This high-frequency operating mode places stringent demands on the performance of the power supply's output filtering components. Conventional non-polarized capacitors, due to their limited capacitance, cannot meet high-frequency filtering requirements; therefore, electrolytic capacitors are commonly used as the core filtering component at the output. However, electrolytic capacitors inherently suffer from high high-frequency losses. Under prolonged high-frequency current impact, they continuously heat up, gradually leading to electrolyte drying and performance degradation. This aging process is gradual and irreversible, causing the power module's filtering performance to decline year by year and the output voltage ripple to continuously increase. Power control and protection boards have extremely low tolerance thresholds for power supply voltage stability and ripple amplitude; even minor fluctuations in power supply parameters can trigger program abnormalities and operational malfunctions. As power modules age, output voltage instability, ripple amplitude, equivalent internal resistance, and AC interference components continue to increase, which can easily cause sudden failures, system crashes, and restarts of control and protection boards. In severe cases, it can lead to equipment issuing erroneous tripping or blocking commands, directly threatening the safe and stable operation of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the stability of DC power supply in DC switching power supply, this application provides a fault switching method, system and storage medium based on redundant DC power supply modules.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules, employing the following technical solution: A fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules, using at least two sets of compatible and parallel-output DC switching modules; the method includes: acquiring the output voltage of the DC switching modules at a set period, and taking the maximum value as the output voltage; using the DC switching module corresponding to the output voltage as the working power supply, and the other DC switching modules as redundant power supplies; performing frequency domain conversion on the output voltage to obtain voltage frequency domain data; extracting the components located in a preset fault frequency band from the voltage frequency domain data as fault components, and calculating the total energy value of the fault components; calculating the growth rate of the total energy value as the fault rate within a preset set time period; calculating an energy comparison value based on the total energy value and a preset fault set energy value, and calculating a speed comparison value based on the fault rate and the preset fault set speed; calculating a fault comparison value based on the energy comparison value and the speed comparison value; if the fault comparison value is greater than a preset alarm indication value, a DC switch abnormality indication is issued, causing one redundant power supply to switch to the working power supply to provide the corresponding output voltage, blocking the output of the working power supply, and switching the working power supply to the fault power supply.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a fault switching method based on multiple sets of parallel DC switching modules is provided. The method determines the working and redundant power supplies by periodically acquiring the output voltage, extracts the fault components by frequency domain analysis and calculates the energy and fault velocity, and switches the redundant power supply and blocks the fault power supply after comprehensively judging the anomaly. This effectively improves the stability of DC power supply and ensures the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0008] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: Based on a redundant power supply, when the working power supply is working normally, the voltage of the redundant power supply is tested according to a preset test cycle and used as the voltage redundancy value. The fault comparison value of the redundant power supply is also tested and used as the fault redundancy value. The absolute value of the difference between the voltage redundancy value and the output voltage is used as the voltage difference value, and the absolute value of the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is used as the fault difference value. If the voltage difference is greater than the preset voltage difference reference value, or the fault difference is greater than the preset fault difference reference value, a power supply difference abnormality prompt will be issued.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the working power supply is running normally, the voltage and fault status parameters of the redundant power supply are actively tested periodically. The voltage difference and fault parameter difference between the redundant power supply and the working power supply are compared. Once the difference exceeds the standard, an abnormality prompt is triggered. This allows for early investigation of the redundant power supply's own faults or performance mismatch issues, avoiding switching failures caused by redundant power supply failure, enhancing the reliability of redundant backup, and further ensuring the continuous and stable DC power supply.

[0010] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: Based on multiple redundant power supplies, when the working power supply is working normally, the redundant power supplies are tested traversally according to a preset test cycle. Each redundant power supply is tested to obtain the corresponding fault comparison value. The difference between any two fault comparison values ​​is calculated as the fault redundancy difference. If the fault redundancy difference is greater than the preset redundancy reference difference, a redundancy power supply abnormality prompt will be issued, and the two redundant power supplies corresponding to the fault redundancy difference will be marked as power supplies to be maintained; the power supplies to be maintained will be disconnected from the parallel line. If there are still redundant power supplies in the parallel line, when the working power supply is operating normally, the voltage of the redundant power supply is tested based on a preset test cycle and used as the voltage redundancy value. The fault comparison value of the redundant power supply is also tested and used as the fault redundancy value. The absolute value of the difference between the voltage redundancy value and the output voltage is calculated as the voltage difference value. The absolute value of the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is calculated as the fault difference value. If the voltage difference value is greater than the preset voltage difference reference value, or the fault difference value is greater than the preset fault difference reference value, a power supply difference abnormality prompt will be issued. If there is no redundant power supply on the parallel line, the output of the blocking power supply will be suspended until a redundant power supply is available on the parallel line to output voltage.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, for multiple redundant power supplies, all redundant power supplies are tested while the working power supply is running normally. By comparing the fault comparison values ​​of each pair, abnormal redundant power supplies are identified and marked for maintenance and disconnection, thus preventing faulty redundant power supplies from being mixed into the parallel system. The remaining redundant power supplies continue to have their voltage and fault parameters compared to ensure performance matching. If there is no available redundant power supply, the output of the working power supply is not blocked temporarily to prevent power outage. This achieves both early maintenance and abnormal isolation of redundant power supplies and ensures power supply continuity, significantly improving the stability and reliability of the multi-redundant DC power supply system.

[0012] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: Based on the power supply difference abnormality prompt, if the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is greater than the preset alarm reference value, the voltage difference comparison value is calculated based on the voltage difference and the voltage difference reference value, and the fault difference comparison value is calculated based on the fault difference and the fault difference reference value. The power supply difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference reference value and the fault difference reference value, and the alarm prompt value is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the power supply difference reference value.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when a power supply difference abnormality prompt is triggered and the fault difference value exceeds the standard, the alarm prompt threshold is dynamically and positively adjusted by calculating the voltage difference, fault difference and comprehensive power supply difference comparison value, so that the alarm standard is matched with the degree of abnormality, effectively avoiding false alarms or missed alarms, and improving the accuracy of system abnormality identification.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: If the voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference reference value and the fault difference is less than the preset fault difference reference value, then the voltage difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference and the voltage difference reference value, and the fault difference reference value is calculated based on the fault difference and the fault difference reference value. The power supply difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference reference value and the fault difference reference value. The bandwidth of the fault frequency band is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the power supply difference reference value. When adjusting the bandwidth of the fault frequency band, the center frequency of the initial fault frequency band is used as the base point for expansion or contraction.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the voltage and fault parameters of the redundant power supply and the working power supply are normal, the bandwidth is dynamically scaled based on the initial fault frequency band center frequency by calculating the comprehensive power supply difference comparison value, so that the fault frequency domain detection range is adapted to the current power supply conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and sensitivity of fault identification.

[0016] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: The fault comparison value is calculated by weighting the energy comparison value and the speed comparison value; The ratio of the voltage difference reference value to the fault difference reference value is calculated as the voltage fault reference value; The weight of the energy comparison value is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the voltage fault comparison value, and / or the weight of the speed comparison value is adjusted according to the negative correlation of the voltage fault comparison value.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a fault comparison value is obtained by weighted fusion of energy comparison value and speed comparison value. The weights of the two are dynamically and correlated based on the voltage fault comparison value, so that the fault judgment logic fits the actual working conditions of the power supply, avoids the judgment deviation caused by fixed weights, and improves the accuracy of fault comparison value calculation and the reliability of anomaly identification.

[0018] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps: The voltage acquisition module is configured to acquire the voltage output by the DC switching module based on a set period and send the voltage to the control calculation module. A first switching transistor is set at the input terminal of the DC switching module, and a second switching transistor is set at the output terminal of the DC switching module. The control calculation module turns on the first and second switching transistors to allow the DC switching module to output voltage. If the DC switching module is marked as a redundant power supply, the second switching transistor corresponding to the redundant power supply is turned off first, and then the first switching transistor corresponding to the redundant power supply is turned off. If the redundant power supply is converted into the working power supply, the first switching transistor corresponding to the working power supply is turned on first, and then the second switching transistor corresponding to the working power supply is turned on. If the working power supply is converted to a redundant power supply, after the new working power supply supplies power to the connected parallel line, the second switch corresponding to the redundant power supply is disconnected first, and then the first switch corresponding to the redundant power supply is disconnected.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, and using the voltage acquisition and control calculation module in conjunction with the input and output dual switching transistors, a strict on / off sequence is formulated according to the different states of redundant / operating power supplies: first disconnect the output and then disconnect the input, and first turn on the input and then turn on the output. This avoids current surges, voltage fluctuations, or reverse backflow during the switching process, ensuring a smooth and safe power supply switching.

[0020] Optionally, both sets of compatible and parallel-output DC switching modules include input fuses, DC switching power supply modules, magnetic latching relays, low-dropout linear regulator ICs, DC blocking capacitors, optocouplers, and diode couplers with identical parameters. The DC switching power supply module is connected to the power input terminal via a series connection of an input fuse and a normally closed contact of a magnetic latching relay. The positive output terminal of the DC switching power supply module is connected to the input terminal of a low-dropout linear regulator IC, and the negative output terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator IC. The input and output terminals of the low-dropout linear regulator IC are connected in series with the input terminal of an optocoupler via a DC blocking capacitor. The output terminal of the optocoupler is connected in series with the coil of the magnetic latching relay and then between the output terminal and ground of the DC switching power supply module. The output terminal and ground terminal of the low-dropout linear regulator IC are connected in series with diode couplers of the same polarity. The first DC power supply module and the second DC power supply module are connected in parallel to the power output terminal via their respective diode couplers of the same polarity.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a parallel redundant architecture of two sets of DC switching modules with completely identical parameters is used. Overcurrent protection is achieved by combining input fuses, and secondary voltage regulation is achieved by using low-dropout linear voltage regulator integrated circuits to suppress ripple. Rapid detection of ripple anomalies and permanent disconnection of faulty modules are achieved through the cooperation of DC blocking capacitors, optocouplers and magnetic latching relays. At the same time, electrical isolation between modules and reverse backflow prevention are achieved by using diode couplers. This not only solves the problem of increased ripple and voltage instability caused by the aging of electrolytic capacitors in traditional DC switching power supplies, but also ensures uninterrupted power supply when any single component fails, greatly improving the stability and reliability of the DC power supply system.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a fault switching system based on redundant DC power supply modules, employing the following technical solution: A fault-switching system based on redundant DC power modules includes a processor, wherein the processor executes the steps of the fault-switching method based on redundant DC power modules as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0023] Thirdly, this application provides a storage medium, which adopts the following technical solution: A storage medium storing a program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the fault switching method based on a redundant DC power supply module as described above.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: it adopts a multi-set parallel redundant DC switching module architecture, integrates frequency domain fault energy and growth rate comprehensive judgment, dynamically adjusts alarm thresholds and fault frequency bands, performs real-time inspection and early maintenance of redundant power supplies, strictly controls power switching sequence and implements multiple hardware protection designs, effectively solves the core pain points of increased ripple and voltage instability caused by aging electrolytic capacitors in traditional DC switching power supplies, and achieves accurate fault identification, seamless redundancy switching, early warning of anomalies and continuous stable power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram based on fault switching of redundant DC power supply modules.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of fault switching based on a redundant DC power supply module after adding a first and a second switching transistor.

[0027] Reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First DC switching module; 2. Second DC switching module; 3. Input fuse; 4. Magnetic latching relay; 5. DC switching power supply module; 6. Low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit; 7. DC blocking capacitor; 8. Optocoupler; 9. Diode coupler; 10. First switching transistor; 11. Second switching transistor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In the description of this specification, the references to "certain embodiments," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the described embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0030] This invention discloses a fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules, which is applicable to scenarios with extremely high requirements for power supply continuity, stability, and ripple suppression capabilities, such as power system substations, converter stations, and industrial control rooms. It is especially used for DC power supply circuits of secondary equipment such as control and protection devices, measurement and control units, and automation terminals, solving the technical problems of unstable power supply, malfunction / failure to operate, and system shutdown caused by electrolytic capacitor aging, high-frequency ripple accumulation, voltage drift, and sudden failure in traditional DC switching power supplies.

[0031] This method relies on at least two sets of mutually compatible, identical, and topologically identical DC switching modules connected in parallel to construct a hardware redundancy system. The number of DC switching modules can be configured to two, three, or more sets, and the redundancy level can be expanded as needed. For ease of explanation, refer to... Figure 1 In this embodiment, two sets of DC switch modules are used as an example, namely the first DC switch module 1 and the second DC switch module 2.

[0032] Both sets of DC switching modules employ identical circuit structures and component parameters, each including: an input fuse (3), a DC switching power supply module (5), a magnetic latching relay (4), a low-dropout linear regulator IC (6), a DC blocking capacitor (7), an optocoupler (8), and a diode coupler (9). Strict matching of component parameters ensures completely consistent output voltage, ripple, dynamic response, and load capacity, providing a hardware foundation for parallel power supply and seamless switching.

[0033] The internal connections of each DC switch module are as follows: Input circuit: Power input terminal → one end of input fuse 3 → the other end of input fuse 3 → one normally closed contact of magnetic latching relay 4 → the other normally closed contact of magnetic latching relay 4 → input terminal of DC switching power supply module 5. Input fuse 3 is used for overcurrent and short circuit protection; magnetic latching relay 4 is normally closed and conducting, and permanently disconnects and self-locks after activation, requiring no holding current.

[0034] Voltage regulation circuit: Positive output terminal of DC switching power supply module 5 → Input terminal of low dropout linear regulator IC 6; Negative output terminal of DC switching power supply module 5 → Ground terminal of low dropout linear regulator IC 6. DC switching power supply module 5 is responsible for converting high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC; low dropout linear regulator IC 6 performs secondary voltage regulation, ripple suppression, and voltage clamping.

[0035] Ripple detection trigger circuit: Input terminal of low-dropout linear regulator IC 6 → one end of DC blocking capacitor 7 → the other end of DC blocking capacitor 7 → input terminal of optocoupler 8; output terminal of optocoupler 8 → one end of the coil of magnetic latching relay 4 → the other end of the coil of magnetic latching relay 4 → output ground of DC switching power supply module 5. DC blocking capacitor 7 isolates DC and transmits only high-frequency ripple; optocoupler 8 achieves strong and weak current isolation and drives the relay to operate when ripple is abnormal.

[0036] Output isolation parallel circuit: Output terminal of low-dropout linear regulator IC 6 → positive terminal of diode coupler 9; Ground terminal of low-dropout linear regulator IC 6 → negative terminal of diode coupler 9; The output terminals of diode couplers 9 of both modules are connected in parallel with the same polarity and then connected to the power output terminal. Diode coupler 9 conducts in one direction to prevent reverse backflow, mutual interference, and failure of normal modules caused by faulty modules.

[0037] Based on the above hardware architecture, the steps of this method are as follows: S100: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration After the system is powered on, the control calculation module reads and saves the preset parameters: Voltage acquisition period: 1ms to 20ms (10ms in this example); Number of frequency domain transformation points: 256 to 2048 points (1024 points in this embodiment); Fault frequency band: 30kHz~100kHz (matching the aging ripple characteristics of electrolytic capacitors in switching power supplies). Fault monitoring duration: 0.5s to 5s (1s in this example); Parameters include fault setting energy value, fault setting speed, alarm prompt threshold, and weighting coefficient.

[0038] After initialization, all DC switching modules are in hot standby parallel state, and the output voltage is synchronized in real time.

[0039] S101: Multi-module synchronous voltage sampling and output voltage selection Objective: To monitor the output status of each module in real time and dynamically determine the optimal power supply module.

[0040] The control and calculation module drives the high-precision voltage acquisition circuit according to the set acquisition period (10ms) to synchronously acquire the DC voltage at the output terminals of all DC switching modules; the sampling accuracy is ≥0.1%FS and the sampling synchronization error is ≤1μs, avoiding misjudgment caused by sampling timing deviation.

[0041] The voltage values ​​of all modules collected were compared numerically, and the maximum voltage was selected. This maximum voltage was then used as the final output voltage of the redundant power supply system for external power supply.

[0042] The DC switching module whose output voltage is equal to the maximum value is marked as the current working power supply, and all other DC switching modules are marked as redundant power supplies. The redundant power supply is kept powered on, regulated, and in standby output, in a hot backup state, and can seamlessly take over the load at any time.

[0043] S102: Frequency domain conversion of the output voltage time domain signal Objective: To convert the voltage time-domain waveform into a frequency-domain distribution, and to separate and quantify the characteristics of high-frequency ripple faults.

[0044] Extract a continuous time-domain sampling sequence of the system's final output voltage (the length is consistent with the number of FFT points, 1024 points in this embodiment) to ensure data continuity and no data loss.

[0045] Perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the time-domain sequence to obtain the voltage frequency domain data, i.e., the amplitude / power spectral density corresponding to different frequency components.

[0046] Noise floor subtraction and smoothing filtering are performed on the frequency domain data to eliminate power frequency interference and random noise, while retaining the high-frequency ripple components related to power supply aging.

[0047] S103: Fault Frequency Band Component Extraction and Total Fault Energy Calculation Objective: To accurately extract the aging ripple component and quantify the severity of the fault.

[0048] From the filtered voltage frequency domain data, all frequency components within the preset fault frequency band (30kHz~100kHz) are extracted and defined as fault components; this frequency band is the characteristic frequency band of the aging ripple of the electrolytic capacitor in the switching power supply, avoiding low-frequency interference and normal switching noise.

[0049] By integrating the power of the fault component, the sum of the power of all frequency components within the frequency band is calculated to obtain the total energy value E of the fault component. The larger E is, the stronger the high-frequency ripple, the more serious the capacitor aging, and the worse the power supply quality.

[0050] S104: Failure Rate Calculation (Quantification of Failure Development Rate) Objective: To determine whether a fault is due to slow aging or rapid deterioration, and to avoid false alarms from a single anomaly.

[0051] Within the preset fault monitoring duration (1s), the total energy value of the fault components is continuously sampled and calculated according to the acquisition cycle (10ms) to form an energy sequence: E1, E2, ..., En.

[0052] By performing linear fitting or differential calculation on the energy sequence, the average growth rate of energy over time is calculated and defined as the failure velocity v; v > 0 indicates that the ripple energy is continuously rising and the fault is developing; the larger v is, the faster the aging and deterioration and the higher the failure risk.

[0053] S105: Calculation of Energy Comparison Value and Velocity Comparison Value Objective: To convert absolute energy and absolute velocity into normalized ratios to eliminate the influence of operating condition differences.

[0054] Energy comparison value K_E: K_E=E / E0; where E is the real-time total fault energy value, and E0 is the preset fault setting energy value (baseline threshold, representing the maximum allowable ripple energy); K_E>1 indicates that the energy exceeds the standard and the fault is serious.

[0055] Speed ​​comparison value K_v: K_v=v / v0; where v is the real-time fault speed and v0 is the preset fault setting speed (baseline rate, representing the maximum allowable aging rate); K_v>1 indicates that the deterioration is too fast and the risk increases sharply.

[0056] S106: Weighted fusion calculation of fault comparison value Objective: To provide a unified fault risk index by combining "fault severity + deterioration rate".

[0057] Preset weighting coefficients: energy weight α (0.4~0.8, 0.6 in this embodiment) and velocity weight β (0.2~0.6, 0.4 in this embodiment), satisfying α+β=1.

[0058] Calculate the fault comparison value K: K = α × K_E + β × K_v; K is the normalized comprehensive risk value, and the larger the value, the higher the overall fault risk.

[0059] S107: Fault Determination and Abnormal Alarm Triggering Objective: To determine whether the switching conditions have been met, to provide early warnings, and to isolate situations in a timely manner.

[0060] Compare the real-time fault comparison value K with the preset alarm indication value K_th: If K≤K_th: the power supply is determined to be normal, and the current working / redundant state is maintained. S101~S107 is executed in a loop. If K > K_th: it is determined that the working power supply ripple is seriously excessive, aging and deterioration, and there is a risk of failure. The DC switch abnormality prompt is immediately triggered (including: local audible and visual alarm, control panel alarm, remote alarm text upload, and fault log recording).

[0061] S108: Redundancy seamless switching and fault module isolation Objective: To achieve zero-interruption power switching, completely isolate faulty modules, and prevent the spread of faults.

[0062] Select the redundant power supply with the best condition (most stable voltage, least ripple, no alarms) from the redundant power supplies and switch it to the new working power supply; the switching sequence is: first turn on the input side switch / relay, then turn on the output side path to avoid voltage surge.

[0063] Switch the original power supply to the faulty power supply and perform isolation: first disconnect the output side path, then disconnect the input side fuse / relay, cut off all electrical connections between the faulty module and the system, and prevent reverse leakage and fault propagation.

[0064] The new power supply seamlessly takes over all loads, with stable output voltage and low ripple. Power supply to back-end devices is seamless and uninterrupted. The system enters a new stable operating state and continues to cycle through S101 to S107, providing continuous monitoring and redundancy.

[0065] To prevent redundant power supplies from hiding faults during long-term hot standby and failing during switching, this invention simultaneously performs periodic health checks, parameter comparisons, and anomaly warnings on redundant power supplies during normal operation of the working power supply. It is divided into a single redundant power supply inspection mode and a multi-redundant power supply traversal inspection mode to achieve consistency verification of redundant power supply performance, early degradation identification, and faulty redundancy elimination, thus ensuring the effectiveness of redundant backup.

[0066] (a) Single Redundant Power Supply Mode: Parameter Comparison and Early Warning of Redundant Power Supply and Operating Power Supply When there is only one redundant power supply, a special inspection of the single redundant power supply is carried out. The purpose is to verify the consistency of voltage output and fault risk between the redundant power supply and the current working power supply in real time, to detect performance degradation, parameter drift and hidden faults of the redundant power supply in advance, and to prevent the redundant power supply from being unable to take over the power supply normally when the working power supply fails.

[0067] The specific steps are as follows: S201: Parameter preset and initialization: The system pre-configures redundant power supply inspection-related parameters, which are then stored in the control calculation module. Redundant power supply test cycle: 50ms~500ms (200ms in this embodiment, slower than the voltage acquisition cycle, to balance detection accuracy and system load); Voltage difference reference value: 0.5% to 2% of rated output voltage (1% is used in this embodiment to determine voltage consistency); Fault difference reference value: 0.1~0.3 (normalized threshold, 0.2 in this embodiment is used to determine the consistency of fault risk).

[0068] S202: Periodic testing of key parameters of redundant power supply. Under the premise that the current working power supply is operating stably and normally (no abnormal alarms, fault comparison value ≤ alarm indication value), the control calculation module triggers full parameter detection of the only redundant power supply according to the preset test cycle (200ms): The real-time DC voltage at the output terminal of the redundant power supply is synchronously collected and recorded as the voltage redundancy value U_r. The sampling accuracy is consistent with that of the working power supply voltage sampling (≥0.1%FS). Following the fault comparison value calculation logic in S102 to S106 above, frequency domain analysis, fault component energy calculation, fault velocity calculation, and weighted fusion operation are performed on the output voltage of the redundant power supply to obtain the fault redundancy value K_r of the redundant power supply, which is the current normalized fault risk value of the redundant power supply.

[0069] S203: Calculate parameter difference and quantify performance deviation control calculation module. The module performs difference calculation on the parameters obtained from acquisition and calculation to quantify the performance difference between redundant power supply and working power supply. Voltage difference ΔU: ΔU=|U_r-U_out|; where U_out is the current system output voltage (i.e., the output voltage of the working power supply), and ΔU represents the absolute value of the output voltage deviation between the redundant power supply and the working power supply; Fault difference ΔK: ΔK=|K_r-K_w|; where K_w is the real-time fault comparison value of the current working power supply, and ΔK represents the absolute value of the fault risk deviation between the redundant power supply and the working power supply.

[0070] S204: The difference determination and anomaly alert control calculation module compares the real-time calculated difference with the preset reference value and performs a graded determination: If ΔU≤Voltage Difference Reference Value and ΔK≤Fault Difference Reference Value: Determine that the redundant power supply is in normal health status and its performance matches the working power supply. Maintain the current inspection cycle and execute S202~S204 in a loop. If ΔU > voltage difference reference value or ΔK > fault difference reference value: the redundant power supply is determined to have voltage drift, abnormal ripple, latent aging, or parameter mismatch issues, and a power supply difference anomaly warning will be triggered immediately. Warning methods include: local panel text alarm, audible and visual alarm, background fault log recording, and abnormal message uploaded to the remote control system. Simultaneously, the redundant power supply will be marked as "performance abnormal," reminding maintenance personnel to promptly investigate and maintain it to avoid switching failure.

[0071] (ii) Multiple Redundant Power Supply Mode: Traversal Inspection, Anomaly Removal, and Power Supply Backup When there are two or more redundant power supplies, a multi-redundant power supply traversal inspection is performed. The purpose is to screen the health status of all redundant power supplies in batches, eliminate redundant power supplies with excessive fault risk or serious performance mismatch, and prevent abnormal redundant power supplies from being mixed into the parallel circuit and affecting the power supply. At the same time, an extreme working condition fallback mechanism is set up to avoid blindly cutting off the working power supply when there is no redundancy available, which would lead to power outage.

[0072] The specific steps are as follows: S301: Multi-redundant power supply traversal detection, screening for abnormal redundancy. Under the premise that the current working power supply is stable and operating normally, the control calculation module performs a full-coverage traversal test on all parallel online redundant power supplies according to the preset test cycle (200ms): For each redundant power supply, according to the fault comparison value calculation logic mentioned above, the independent fault comparison values ​​K_r1, K_r2, ..., K_rn corresponding to each redundant power supply are calculated respectively, where n is the number of redundant power supplies; Iterate through the fault comparison values ​​of all redundant power supplies, calculate the difference between each pair, and obtain a set of fault redundancy difference values ​​ΔK_ij=|K_ri-K_rj|, where i and j are the numbers of different redundant power supplies, i≠j, which are used to quantify the difference in fault risk between redundant power supplies.

[0073] S302: The abnormal redundancy determination, marking, and cut-out control calculation module presets a redundancy reference difference, a normalized threshold of 0.15 to 0.3, which is 0.2 in this embodiment. The module then determines the fault redundancy difference. If any set of fault redundancy difference ΔK_ij > redundancy reference difference: it is determined that at least one of the two sets of redundant power supplies corresponding to the difference has serious aging, excessive ripple or hidden fault, and the performance difference exceeds the safe range. Immediately trigger a redundancy power supply anomaly alert, with the alert method being the same as described above, and simultaneously mark the two sets of redundant power supplies as power supplies to be maintained. Perform fault redundancy elimination operation: The control calculation module outputs a control signal to forcibly disconnect the power supply to be maintained from the parallel line, disconnecting its input-side fuse / relay from the output-side path, so as to disconnect it from the power supply circuit and avoid the faulty redundant power supply from interfering with the normal power supply or failing after switching.

[0074] S303: After comparing the parameters of the remaining redundant power supply and continuously verifying the health of the system and removing abnormal redundancies, if at least one redundant power supply remains in the parallel line, the system will automatically switch to the single redundant power supply inspection logic. According to the preset test cycle, the voltage redundancy value and fault redundancy value are periodically collected for the remaining online redundant power supplies; Calculate the voltage difference ΔU and the fault difference ΔK respectively, and compare them with the preset reference values; If the difference exceeds the standard, a power supply difference anomaly warning will be triggered, the remaining abnormal redundant power supplies will be marked, and maintenance will be reminded to ensure the consistency of online redundant power supply performance.

[0075] S304: No redundancy fallback protection. To prevent power outages, after abnormal redundancy removal is completed, if no redundant power supply remains in the parallel line (all redundant power supplies are marked for maintenance and disconnected), a fallback protection strategy is implemented to avoid blindly interrupting the working power supply and causing power outages to downstream loads. The control and computing module suspends the operation of blocking the current working power output, and maintains the continuous power supply of the existing working power. Real-time monitoring of parallel circuit status and continuous detection of redundant power supply maintenance and recovery signals; Once a redundant power supply that has been maintained and is of acceptable performance is reconnected to the parallel line and its output voltage is stabilized, the normal fault diagnosis and switching logic is restored to ensure power supply continuity under extreme operating conditions.

[0076] To address the issue that fixed parameters can easily lead to false alarms, missed alarms, or insufficient detection sensitivity under different operating conditions, this invention adaptively and dynamically adjusts the alarm indication threshold, fault bandwidth, and fault comparison value weighting coefficient based on the real-time parameter differences between redundant power supplies and the working power supply. This ensures that the fault judgment logic aligns with the current power supply conditions, significantly improving the accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability of fault identification.

[0077] When the parameter difference between the redundant power supply and the working power supply exceeds the standard and triggers the power supply difference abnormality prompt, the alarm prompt threshold is dynamically increased by quantifying the degree of difference to avoid frequent false alarms caused by slight parameter deviations, while ensuring timely alarm in case of serious abnormalities.

[0078] The specific steps are as follows: S401: Preset difference alarm baseline parameters. The system pre-configures parameters to adaptively adjust relevant baseline values, which are then stored in the control calculation module. Alarm reference value: 0.2~0.4, normalized threshold, in this embodiment we take 0.3, used to determine whether the parameter difference has reached the level that requires adjustment threshold; Voltage difference comparison value calculation coefficient, fault difference comparison value calculation coefficient: default value is 1, used for normalized ratio calculation; Alarm value adjustment range: ±30% of the initial value, to avoid the threshold deviating excessively from the reasonable range.

[0079] S402: Anomaly Judgment and Comparison Value Calculation After triggering the power supply difference anomaly warning, the control calculation module first determines whether the fault difference value meets the adjustment condition: If the fault difference ΔK > alarm reference value: it is determined that the fault risk of the redundant power supply and the working power supply is significantly different, and the alarm prompt value needs to be dynamically adjusted; Calculate the normalized control value: Voltage difference reference value R_U: R_U = ΔU / voltage difference reference value, normalize the voltage difference value to the range of 0 to 1; Fault difference reference value R_K: R_K=ΔK / fault difference reference value, normalize the fault difference value to the range of 0 to 1; Calculate the power supply difference comparison value R_total: The weighted fusion calculation is used, R_total=γ×R_U+δ×R_K (γ and δ are weight coefficients, γ+δ=1, in this embodiment γ=0.5, δ=0.5). The larger R_total is, the more serious the difference in power supply parameters.

[0080] S403: The positive correlation dynamic adjustment alarm value control calculation module adjusts the alarm value K_th based on the power difference reference value R_total. Adjustment logic: K_th_new = K_th_initial × (1 + σ × R_total), where σ is the adjustment coefficient (0.1 to 0.3, 0.2 in this embodiment); Constraints and limitations: The alarm prompt value after adjustment shall not exceed the preset adjustment range to avoid threshold failure; Logical effect: The greater the difference in power parameters, the greater the increase in the alarm indication value, reducing false alarms for minor anomalies; the smaller the difference, the closer the threshold is to the initial value, ensuring timely alarms for serious faults.

[0081] When the differences between the redundant power supply and the working power supply parameters are within the normal range, the fault bandwidth is dynamically adjusted based on the parameter matching degree, and the detection range is precisely optimized with the initial center frequency as the reference, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of high-frequency ripple fault detection under normal operating conditions.

[0082] The specific steps are as follows: S501: Preset frequency band adjustment reference parameters. The system pre-configures the basic parameters and adjustment parameters for the fault frequency band: Initial fault frequency band: center frequency f0 = 65kHz, initial bandwidth B0 = 70kHz (30kHz~100kHz). Bandwidth adjustment range: minimum bandwidth 30kHz, maximum bandwidth 100kHz, to prevent missed detection due to excessively narrow bandwidth and interference due to excessively wide bandwidth; Frequency band adjustment coefficient: 0.15~0.25 (0.2 is used in this embodiment).

[0083] S502: Normal Operating Condition Judgment and Comparison Value Calculation When both the working power supply and the redundant power supply are operating normally, the control calculation module performs parameter consistency judgment: If the voltage difference ΔU ≤ voltage difference reference value and the fault difference ΔK ≤ fault difference reference value: the power supply parameter matching is determined to be good, and the fault frequency band optimization process is initiated. Refer to the previous S402 to calculate the voltage difference comparison value R_U, fault difference comparison value R_K, and power supply difference comparison value R_total, and quantify the degree of matching of power supply parameters (the smaller R_total is, the higher the degree of matching).

[0084] S503: The dynamic bandwidth expansion and contraction control calculation module, based on the center frequency, uses the initial fault band center frequency f0 as a fixed base point and adjusts the fault band bandwidth B according to the positive correlation of the power supply difference reference value R_total. Adjustment logic: B_new = B0 × (1 + ε × R_total), where ε is the bandwidth adjustment coefficient; Expansion / shrinkage rules: When R_total is small (parameters are highly matched): the bandwidth is slightly reduced, focusing on the core aging ripple frequency and improving detection accuracy; When R_total is close to the normal upper limit (slight parameter deviation): the bandwidth is slightly increased to cover more potential aging ripple frequencies and avoid missed detections; Frequency band reconstruction: Centered on f0, the fault frequency band is redefined according to the new bandwidth B_new, and the original frequency band is replaced for subsequent fault component extraction; Constraints and limitations: The new bandwidth is strictly limited to the preset adjustment range to ensure the effectiveness of the detection.

[0085] Based on the ratio of voltage deviation to fault risk deviation, the weighting coefficients of energy comparison value and speed comparison value are dynamically adjusted so that the calculation weight of fault comparison value is consistent with the correlation between voltage anomaly and aging rate, avoiding judgment bias caused by fixed weights.

[0086] The specific steps are as follows: S601: Calculation of basic weighted and control values Basic weighted logic: Referring to S106 above, the initial fault comparison value K = α × K_E + β × K_v (α + β = 1) is calculated according to a fixed weight. Calculate the voltage fault reference value R_UK: R_UK = R_U / R_K, which is the ratio of the voltage difference reference value to the fault difference reference value, used to characterize the relative proportion of voltage deviation to fault risk deviation. The larger R_UK is, the more significant the impact of voltage deviation on power supply quality; The smaller the R_UK value, the more critical the failure aging rate becomes to power supply reliability.

[0087] S602: The weighted adaptive dynamic adjustment control calculation module adjusts the weighting coefficients based on the voltage fault reference value R_UK. Energy comparison value weight α is positively correlated: α_new=α_initial+ζ×R_UK, the larger R_UK is, the higher the energy weight, emphasizing the severity of the fault corresponding to the voltage deviation; The speed comparison value weight β is negatively correlated and adjusted: β_new = β_initial - ζ × R_UK. The larger R_UK is, the lower the speed weight, weakening the influence of aging rate. ζ is a positive constant used to quantify the influence of voltage fault comparison value R_UK on weights α and β. It determines the "step size" of the weight change each time the weight is adjusted according to R_UK. Weight normalization: After adjustment, α_new and β_new are automatically corrected to ensure that α_new+β_new=1, thus avoiding weight imbalance; Constraints: The values ​​of α_new and β_new are in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 to prevent a single weight from being too large and causing biased judgment.

[0088] S603: The updated fault comparison value adopts the adjusted new weights α_new and β_new, and the real-time fault comparison value K_new=α_new×K_E+β_new×K_v is recalculated for subsequent fault judgment and switching logic, so that the fault risk assessment is more in line with the characteristics of the current power supply conditions.

[0089] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to completely avoid problems such as current surges, voltage spikes, reverse backflow, and power supply gaps that occur during power switching, and to ensure that the redundant switching is smooth and imperceptible throughout the process, the present invention adds a hardware switch control architecture. Through the input side first switch tube 10 and the output side second switch tube 11 in conjunction with the control calculation module, strict "disconnect before turn on, turn on before disconnect" hierarchical timing control is performed to realize the controllable input and safe disconnection of the power module.

[0090] In this embodiment, each DC switching module is additionally configured with a voltage acquisition module, a first switching transistor 10, and a second switching transistor 11. The hardware connection and functional configuration are as follows: Voltage acquisition module: It adopts a high-precision synchronous sampling circuit with a sampling accuracy of ≥0.1%FS and a sampling response time of ≤1μs. It synchronously acquires the DC voltage signal at the output terminal of each DC switch module according to the system set period (consistent with the voltage acquisition period mentioned above, 10ms). After the acquisition is completed, the voltage data is uploaded to the control calculation module in real time to provide accurate voltage status basis for switch timing control.

[0091] The first switching transistor 10 is connected in series at the input terminal of the DC switching module. It is preferably a power MOSFET or electromagnetic relay with low on-resistance and high-speed response, and has the ability to carry large current and switch on and off quickly. It is used to control the on and off of the power supply to the input side of the DC switching module and block the power supply circuit from the external power supply to the module.

[0092] The second switch 11 is connected in series at the output terminal of the DC switch module. The device selection is the same as that of the first switch 10. It is used to control the on / off of the power supply to the output side of the DC switch module and to block the power supply circuit from the module to the downstream load and parallel lines.

[0093] Control logic association: The on / off states of the first switch 10 and the second switch 11 are completely controlled by the level signal or drive signal output by the control calculation module, which can achieve millisecond-level precise timing control.

[0094] Based on the real-time operating status (working power supply / redundant power supply) and switching commands of each DC switching module, the control calculation module performs differentiated timing control on the first switch 10 and the second switch 11, specifically divided into three core scenarios: Scenario 1: Redundant power supply is normally disconnected (redundancy status maintained) When a DC switching module is marked as a redundant power supply and needs to be disconnected from the parallel power supply circuit or isolated for maintenance, a safe disconnection sequence of "disconnecting the output first and then the input" is executed to prevent the load current from flowing back into the redundant power supply and to prevent overcurrent damage to the module components.

[0095] The control calculation module first outputs a disconnect signal to turn off the second switch 11 corresponding to the redundant power supply, cut off the electrical connection between the output terminal of the redundant power supply and the parallel line and the downstream load, and isolate the output side current loop. After an interval of 1ms to 5ms (ensuring complete disconnection on the output side), the control calculation module outputs a disconnection signal to turn off the first switch 10 corresponding to the redundant power supply and cut off the power supply circuit from the external power supply to the redundant power supply. The redundant power supply is completely disconnected from the power supply system and is in a power-off standby or maintenance state, with no reverse current or voltage surge.

[0096] Scenario 2: Redundant power supply switches to working power supply (power supply is put into operation) When the original power supply failure is isolated and the redundant power supply needs to be switched to the new power supply and put into parallel line power supply, the smooth commissioning sequence of "conducting the input first and then the output" is executed to avoid the surge current and voltage spike impacting the downstream load at the moment of power-on.

[0097] The control calculation module first outputs a conduction signal, closes the first switch tube 10 corresponding to the redundant power supply to be put into the module, the external power supply is connected to the module, the DC switching power supply module 5 starts, completes voltage establishment and voltage regulation output, and enters the no-load voltage regulation state. After an interval of 2ms to 10ms (to ensure that the internal voltage of the module is stable and the ripple meets the standard), the control calculation module outputs a conduction signal to close the second switch tube 11 corresponding to the power supply. The module output is then connected to a parallel line to smoothly supply power to the downstream load. The voltage rises smoothly throughout the entire process, without spikes or surges, and the power supply to the downstream load is imperceptible.

[0098] Scenario 3: Switching from the main power supply to a redundant power supply (fault isolation) When the original power supply fails and the new power supply has been put into operation, and it is necessary to switch the original power supply to the fault-reinforced redundant power supply for permanent isolation, a seamless isolation sequence of "first ensure power supply, then disconnect output, and then disconnect input" should be executed to eliminate power interruption gaps.

[0099] Wait until the new power supply is fully connected to the parallel line, the output voltage is stable (voltage fluctuation ≤0.5%), and it is supplying power to the downstream load normally before performing the isolation operation of the original power supply. The control calculation module first outputs a disconnect signal to turn off the second switch tube 11 corresponding to the original working power supply, and cuts off the output side circuit of the fault module to avoid fault voltage and ripple interference in the parallel line. After an interval of 1ms to 5ms, the control calculation module outputs a disconnect signal to turn off the first switch transistor 10 corresponding to the original working power supply, completely cutting off all electrical connections between the faulty module and the external power supply and load. The faulty module was completely isolated, and the new power supply provided a continuous and stable power supply without any power outages or fluctuations.

[0100] This application also discloses a fault switching system based on a redundant DC power supply module, including a processor, wherein the processor executes the steps of the fault switching method based on a redundant DC power supply module as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0101] This application also discloses a storage medium storing a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the fault switching method based on a redundant DC power supply module described above.

[0102] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules, characterized in that, Based on at least two compatible and parallel-output DC switching modules, the method includes: acquiring the output voltage of the DC switching modules based on a set period, and taking the maximum value as the output voltage; using the DC switching module corresponding to the output voltage as the working power supply, and the other DC switching modules as redundant power supplies; performing frequency domain conversion on the output voltage to obtain voltage frequency domain data; extracting the components located in a preset fault frequency band from the voltage frequency domain data as fault components, and calculating the total energy value of the fault components; calculating the growth rate of the total energy value within a preset set time period as the fault rate; calculating an energy comparison value based on the total energy value and a preset fault set energy value, and calculating a rate comparison value based on the fault rate and the preset fault set rate; calculating a fault comparison value based on the energy comparison value and the rate comparison value; if the fault comparison value is greater than a preset alarm indication value, then issuing a DC switching abnormality indication, converting one redundant power supply to the working power supply to provide the corresponding output voltage, blocking the output of the working power supply, and converting the working power supply to the fault power supply.

2. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Based on a redundant power supply, when the working power supply is working normally, the voltage of the redundant power supply is tested according to a preset test cycle and used as the voltage redundancy value. The fault comparison value of the redundant power supply is also tested and used as the fault redundancy value. The absolute value of the difference between the voltage redundancy value and the output voltage is used as the voltage difference value, and the absolute value of the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is used as the fault difference value. If the voltage difference is greater than the preset voltage difference reference value, or the fault difference is greater than the preset fault difference reference value, a power supply difference abnormality prompt will be issued.

3. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Based on multiple redundant power supplies, when the working power supply is working normally, the redundant power supplies are tested traversally according to a preset test cycle. Each redundant power supply is tested to obtain the corresponding fault comparison value. The difference between any two fault comparison values ​​is calculated as the fault redundancy difference. If the fault redundancy difference is greater than the preset redundancy reference difference, a redundancy power supply abnormality prompt will be issued, and the two redundant power supplies corresponding to the fault redundancy difference will be marked as power supplies to be maintained; the power supplies to be maintained will be disconnected from the parallel line. If there are still redundant power supplies in the parallel line, when the working power supply is working normally, the voltage of the redundant power supply is tested based on the preset test cycle and used as the voltage redundancy value, and the fault comparison value of the redundant power supply is tested and used as the fault redundancy value. The absolute value of the difference between the voltage redundancy value and the output voltage is calculated as the voltage difference value, and the absolute value of the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is calculated as the fault difference value. If the voltage difference value is greater than the preset voltage difference reference value, or the fault difference value is greater than the preset fault difference reference value, a power supply difference abnormality prompt will be issued. If there is no redundant power supply on the parallel line, the output of the blocking power supply will be suspended until a redundant power supply is available on the parallel line to output voltage.

4. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: Based on the power supply difference abnormality prompt, if the difference between the fault redundancy value and the fault comparison value of the working power supply is greater than the preset alarm reference value, the voltage difference comparison value is calculated based on the voltage difference and the voltage difference reference value, and the fault difference comparison value is calculated based on the fault difference and the fault difference reference value. The power supply difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference reference value and the fault difference reference value, and the alarm prompt value is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the power supply difference reference value.

5. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: If the voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference reference value and the fault difference is less than the preset fault difference reference value, then the voltage difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference and the voltage difference reference value, and the fault difference reference value is calculated based on the fault difference and the fault difference reference value. The power supply difference reference value is calculated based on the voltage difference reference value and the fault difference reference value. The bandwidth of the fault frequency band is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the power supply difference reference value. When adjusting the bandwidth of the fault frequency band, the center frequency of the initial fault frequency band is used as the base point for expansion or contraction.

6. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: The fault comparison value is calculated by weighting the energy comparison value and the speed comparison value; The ratio of the voltage difference reference value to the fault difference reference value is calculated as the voltage fault reference value; The weight of the energy comparison value is adjusted according to the positive correlation of the voltage fault comparison value, and / or the weight of the speed comparison value is adjusted according to the negative correlation of the voltage fault comparison value.

7. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the following steps: The voltage acquisition module is configured to acquire the voltage output of the DC switch module based on a set period and send the voltage to the control calculation module. A first switch (10) is set at the input end of the DC switch module and a second switch (11) is set at the output end of the DC switch module. The control calculation module turns on the first switch (10) and the second switch (11) to make the DC switch module output voltage. If the DC switch module is marked as a redundant power supply, the second switch (11) corresponding to the redundant power supply is turned off first, and then the first switch (10) corresponding to the redundant power supply is turned off. If the redundant power supply is converted into the working power supply, the first switch (10) corresponding to the working power supply is turned on first, and then the second switch (11) corresponding to the working power supply is turned on. If the working power supply is converted to a redundant power supply, after the new working power supply supplies power to the connected parallel line, the second switch (11) corresponding to the redundant power supply is disconnected first, and then the first switch (10) corresponding to the redundant power supply is disconnected.

8. The fault switching method based on redundant DC power supply modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sets of compatible and parallel output DC switching modules contain the same input fuse (3), DC switching power supply module (5), magnetic latching relay (4), low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit (6), DC blocking capacitor (7), optocoupler (8) and diode coupler (9); The input terminal of the DC switching power supply module (5) is connected to the power input terminal after the normally closed contacts of the input fuse (3) and the magnetic latching relay (4) are connected in series. The positive output terminal of the DC switching power supply module (5) is connected to the input terminal of the low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit (6), and the negative output terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit (6). The input and output terminals of the low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit (6) are connected in series with the input terminal of the optocoupler (8) through the DC blocking capacitor (7). The output terminal of the optocoupler (8) is connected in series with the coil of the magnetic latching relay (4) and then connected between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the DC switching power supply module (5). The output terminal and the ground terminal of the low dropout linear regulator integrated circuit (6) are connected in series with the diode coupler (9) with the same polarity. The first DC power supply module and the second DC power supply module are connected in parallel to the power output terminal after being connected in series with the same polarity through their respective diode couplers (9).

9. A fault switching system based on redundant DC power supply modules, characterized in that, Includes a processor, wherein the steps of the fault switching method based on a redundant DC power supply module as described in any one of claims 1-8 are executed.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the fault switching method based on a redundant DC power supply module as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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