Multi-beam coaxial spray head device based on metal 3D printing

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-beam coaxial spray head device based on metal 3D printing, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. The multi-beam coaxial spray head device based on metal 3D printing comprises a protective shell, a light inlet is formed in one side of the protective shell, a light outlet is formed in the bottom of the protective shell, and a light transmitting assembly is arranged at the light outlet of the protective shell. According to the multi-beam coaxial spray head device based on metal 3D printing, when a light beam enters the light inlet cylinder through the laser emitting assembly and reaches the surface of the spectroscope through a light inlet, the surface of the spectroscope reflects the light in a vertical state, and the light is emitted into the condenser for condensation through the arrangement of the first reflector and the second reflector; and then the light beam falls around the feeding pipe, the vertical arrangement of the feeding pipe is matched with the linear transmission of the light beam, so that the bending condition does not exist, meanwhile, the feeding pipe cannot block the light beam transmission path, the energy utilization rate of the laser beam is effectively improved, and the precision and quality of metal 3D forming are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding is a laser surface modification technology, which is to add cladding materials (powder feeding, wire feeding, presetting, etc.) to the surface of the workpiece (or base material), and through high-energy density laser heating, the cladding material and the thin layer of metal on the base surface quickly reach a molten state. At this time, the workpiece itself relies on heat conduction to quickly solidify and crystallize into a cladding layer, so as to obtain a modified layer or repair layer that is metallurgically bonded with the base material and has a low dilution rate and various characteristics. Compared with traditional surface treatment technologies such as surfacing, thermal spraying, and electroplating, it has many advantages, such as a wide range of applicable material systems, controllable cladding layer dilution rate, metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the base, small thermal deformation of the base, and easy automation of the process. Therefore, since the 1980s, laser cladding technology has received widespread attention at home and abroad, and has been applied in many industrial fields.

[0003] For example, in the Chinese patent with publication number CN101148760A, a laser processing forming manufacturing light-in-light powder feeding process and a light-in-light powder feeding nozzle are provided. By arranging a conical beam splitter in the center and coaxially arranging annular lenses, the input cylindrical laser beam is separated into annular beams. Since the conical beam splitter is located at the center of the incident light, the material conveying channel has to be designed as a bent pipe to ensure that the bottom area of ​​the conveying channel is coaxially arranged at the center of the beam. However, since the bottom area of ​​the feeding channel is coaxial with the beam, the feeding channel has to be arranged in the beam transmission path, so the channel surface will block part of the beam, causing a large energy loss problem.

[0004] For example, in the Chinese patent publication number CN107627002A, a laser cladding device is provided, including: a wire feeder, a nozzle and a wire feeding tube, the wire feeding tube connects the wire feeder and the nozzle, the wire feeding tube passes through one side of the nozzle along the direction of the wire feeder and connects the nozzle; the wire feeding tube is provided with an upper sealing gasket and a lower sealing gasket at the position where the nozzle passes through the direction of the wire feeder, the bolt diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the columnar through hole, and the columnar through hole can slide along the direction of the columnar through hole, so as to realize the position adjustment of the lower sealing gasket; the upper sealing gasket includes a fixing part and a wire guide tube through hole, and the upper sealing gasket is connected to the support cover through the fixing part; the problem that the wire feeding hose will bend during the moving cladding process of the nozzle in the prior art is overcome, resulting in different friction resistance of the wire during the transportation process, resulting in changes in the speed of the wire after leaving the nozzle, thereby failing to ensure high-precision cladding layer shape and dimensional accuracy, and if the bending radius of the hose is very small, it is easy to cause wire blocking problems. However, although the feed channel is completely avoided during the laser transmission process, effectively improving the energy utilization rate of the laser beam, the following problems still exist: the surface of the feed channel will reflect part of the light beam, and the reflected light beam will irradiate the core parts of the device. Long-term irradiation will cause the parts to heat up and deform, affecting the positioning accuracy of the parts, and even affecting the life of the machine. If the feed channel transports powder, the powder will gather at the bend, resulting in poor powder transportation, and in severe cases, blockage, affecting the normal development of metal 3D printing, and also affecting the weight accuracy of powder transportation and the quality of part forming. At the same time, due to the inertial force generated by the powder under the push of gas, the powder will deviate from the center of the pipeline output port when it is output from the feed channel, and it cannot be accurately coaxially coupled with the light beam, affecting the forming accuracy and quality of metal 3D parts. If soft wire is transported, the wire will also be deformed due to the bending of the pipeline, causing the wire output feed channel to deviate from the center, affecting the forming accuracy and quality, and the Chinese patents with publication numbers CN107217257A and CN106583726A are also the same.

[0005] To sum up, the existing technology has the problem that the channel surface will block part of the light beam, causing a large energy loss. At the same time, the material channel surface will reflect part of the light beam, and the reflected light beam will irradiate the core parts of the device. Long-term irradiation will cause the parts to heat up and deform, affecting the positioning accuracy of the parts and even affecting the life of the machine. In order to avoid blocking the light beam, the material feed channel is bent or arranged in an arc shape. Even if this avoids the problem of blocking part of the light beam, the powder or wire will deviate from the center area of ​​the light spot, affecting the forming accuracy and quality of the metal 3D parts. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing. The technical solution of the utility model is: a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing, comprising a protective shell, a light inlet is provided on one side of the protective shell, a light outlet is provided at the bottom of the protective shell, the light inlet is provided with a laser emitting component through a light inlet tube, the light outlet of the protective shell is provided with a light transmitting component, the interior of the protective shell is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing a light beam horizontally incident from the laser emitting component, a second reflector capable of refracting the light beam dispersed by the dispersion component downward into the light transmitting component, and a feeding pipe for conveying powder or wire; the light transmitting component comprises a protective cylinder fixed below the light outlet and a protective cover arranged around the protective cylinder, a protective mirror for preventing dust is provided at the bottom opening of the protective cylinder, a gas flow channel capable of conveying inert protective gas to the interior of the protective cover is provided in the protective cover, an opening communicating with the gas flow channel is provided at the bottom of the protective cover, and air inlets communicating with the gas flow channel are provided on both sides of the protective cover.

[0007] Furthermore, the second reflector is arranged at the corner between the light inlet tube and the protective tube, and the dispersion component is arranged between the light inlet tube and the second reflector, the top end of the feed tube passes through the second reflector upward and extends upward to the outside of the protective shell, the bottom end of the feed tube passes through the protective mirror and extends downward to the outside of the protective cover, and a feed nozzle is arranged at the top end of the feed tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the dispersion component includes a beam splitter for dispersing the light beam, the cross-section of the beam splitter is a triangular rhombus, a cooling cavity is provided inside the beam splitter, and the reflector component capable of reflecting and guiding the light beam has three reflector components spaced apart with the beam splitter as the center.

[0009] Furthermore, a first reflector is arranged inside the reflector assembly, and the first reflector is composed of a smooth plane of 45°. An adjusting bolt capable of adjusting the angle of the first reflector is arranged on the reflector assembly. Fixing bolts capable of fixing the first reflector are arranged on the surface of the protective shell. A first cooling pipe capable of cooling the first reflector is arranged on the inner wall of the protective shell, and one end of the first cooling pipe passes through the interiors of the three reflector assemblies in sequence and extends to the outside of the protective shell.

[0010] Furthermore, a second cooling tube capable of cooling the interior of the second reflector is provided, a third cooling tube connected to the cooling cavity is provided on the surface of the protective shell, and both ends of the second cooling tube extend to the outside of the protective shell.

[0011] Furthermore, a condenser capable of condensing light is arranged inside the protective tube, and a mounting bolt is arranged on one side of the condenser.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective cover ring is arranged on the outside of the protective tube, and the condenser is detachably arranged inside the protective tube through the mounting bolts.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting groove adapted to the second reflector is provided inside the protective shell, and both ends of the second reflector are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell by bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross section of the protective shell is L-shaped, the second reflector is arranged in the inner cavity of the protective shell at an angle of 45 degrees, and the protective cover is arranged on the bottom of the protective tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the dispersion component includes a beam splitter capable of dispersing the light beam, and the beam splitter is detachably connected to the inner wall of the protective shell via bolts.

[0016] The beneficial technical effect of the utility model is as follows: through the setting of the beam splitter, when the light beam enters the light inlet tube through the laser emitting assembly and reaches the surface of the beam splitter through the light inlet, the surface of the beam splitter will reflect the light, and then the reflected light will be reflected by the first reflector again, and the light will be in a vertical state after reflection. Through the setting of the first reflector and the second reflector, the feed tube can be avoided and the light beam can be shot into the condenser for focusing. Then the light beam falls around the feed tube, and the vertical setting of the feed tube cooperates with the linear transmission of the light beam, so there is no bending. At the same time, the feed tube will not block the light beam transmission path, which effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the laser beam, and there will be no reflected light beam generated by the light beam being blocked and irradiating the core parts of the device, thereby improving the life of the machine. At the same time, it also avoids the problem of blockage when conveying powder materials, and due to the channel bending design, the flexible wire will produce plastic deformation after passing through the bending part, causing the wire to flow out of the conveying channel outlet to deviate from the center position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a front cross-section of the structure of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the laser beam path in ;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the coaxial distribution of the laser beam and the material beam of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic top view of the structure of the reflector assembly and the beam splitter of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the reflector assembly of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure section of the beam splitter and the cooling cavity of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 8 This utility model Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the laser beam path in ;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0026] Fig.10 This utility model Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the laser beam path in ;

[0027] Fig.11 It is a schematic front view of the structure of the protective cover and the protective tube of the utility model;

[0028] Fig.12 This utility model Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the light path of the beam splitter;

[0029] Fig.13 This utility model Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the feeding route of the middle feeding pipe;

[0030] Fig.14 This utility model Fig. 9 A schematic front view of the structure of the feeding tube and the protective mirror;

[0031] Fig.15 This utility model Fig. 9 The structural diagram of the middle protective mirror is shown in Figure 1;

[0032] Fig.16 This utility model Fig. 9 The second schematic diagram of the structure of the middle protective mirror.

[0033] The numbers and letters in the figure represent the corresponding component names:

[0034] 1. Protective shell; 11. Second reflector; 12. Second cooling tube; 2. Feed tube; 21. Feed nozzle; 3. Laser emission assembly; 4. Light inlet; 5. Spectrometer; 51. Cooling cavity; 52. Third cooling tube; 6. Reflector assembly; 61. First cooling tube; 62. First reflector; 63. Fixing bolt; 64. Adjusting bolt; 7. Protective cover; 71. Air inlet; 8. Protective tube; 81. Condenser; 82. Mounting bolt; 83. Protective mirror; 9. Light inlet tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the utility model and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the specific implementation methods of the utility model are further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the utility model but are not used to limit the scope of the utility model. Embodiment 1

[0036] See attached Figure 1-6 As shown, a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing includes a protective shell 1, a light inlet 4 is opened on one side of the protective shell 1, a light outlet is opened on the bottom of the protective shell 1, the light inlet 4 is provided with a laser emitting component 3 through a light inlet tube 9, the light outlet of the protective shell 1 is provided with a light transmitting component, the interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam horizontally injected by the laser emitting component 3, a second reflector 11 capable of refracting the light beam dispersed by the dispersion component downward into the light transmitting component, and a feeding pipe 2 for conveying powder or wire.

[0037] The powder is iron powder and the wire material is iron wire.

[0038] The laser emitting assembly 3 comprises a laser emitter capable of emitting a laser beam and a collimator, wherein a collimator mirror is arranged inside the collimator for collimating a divergent point light source into a parallel light spot.

[0039] The light-transmitting component includes a protective tube 8 fixed below the light outlet and a protective cover 7 arranged around the protective tube 8. The bottom opening of the protective tube 8 is provided with a protective mirror 83 for preventing dust. A gas flow channel capable of conveying inert protective gas to the inside of the protective cover 7 is provided in the protective cover 7. An opening communicating with the gas flow channel is provided at the bottom of the protective cover 7. Air inlets 71 communicating with the gas flow channel are provided on both sides of the protective cover 7.

[0040] During the operation of the protective cover 7, the protective gas can be delivered into the protective cover 7 through the air inlet 71 by an external blowing device. During processing, the protective gas is sprayed out through the opening at the bottom of the protective cover 7. The protective gas can prevent the oxygen in the air from reacting with the high-temperature material in the molten pool, and can prevent the powder from escaping outward when sprayed, thereby reducing the problem of waste.

[0041] The top and bottom of the protection tube 8 are both opened, and the center of the protection tube 8 is hollow.

[0042] The protective mirror 83 can prevent dust from entering the interior of the protective tube 8 and affecting the intensity and accuracy of the laser.

[0043] A condenser 81 capable of condensing light is disposed inside the protective tube 8 , and a mounting bolt 82 is disposed on one side of the condenser 81 . The condenser 81 is detachably disposed inside the protective tube 8 by the mounting bolt 82 .

[0044] When the laser beam enters the inner part of the protective tube 8 and passes through the condenser 81, the condenser 81 can condense the laser beam so that the laser landing point is concentrated around the bottom end of the feeding tube 2, so that the laser beam is coaxially arranged with the feeding tube 2, and the feeding tube 2 does not affect the direction of the laser beam.

[0045] The interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam, a feeding pipe 2 for material transportation and a second reflector 11 capable of reflecting the light beam. The second reflector 11 is arranged at the corner between the light inlet tube 9 and the protective tube 8, and the dispersion component is arranged between the light inlet tube 9 and the second reflector 11. The top end of the feeding pipe 2 passes through the second reflector 11 upward and extends upward to the outside of the protective shell 1. The bottom end of the feeding pipe 2 passes through the protective mirror 83 and extends downward to the outside of the protective cover 7. A feeding nozzle 21 is arranged at the top end of the feeding pipe 2.

[0046] The feed tube 2 is composed of a straight channel, and the feed tube 2 is coaxially arranged with the beam splitter 5, so that after the beam splitter 5 disperses the laser beam, the feed tube 2 will not block the laser beam.

[0047] The dispersion component includes a beam splitter 5 for dispersing the light beam, the cross-section of the beam splitter 5 is a triangular prism, and a reflector component 6 capable of reflecting and guiding the light beam. Three reflector components 6 are arranged at intervals with the beam splitter 5 as the center, and a first reflector 62 is arranged inside the reflector component 6, and the first reflector 62 is composed of a 45° smooth plane.

[0048] The beam splitter 5 can be designed as a prism, a quadrangular prism or a polygonal prism. It can be designed as any desired polygonal prism according to the needs and process requirements of laser metal 3D printing. The number of reflector assemblies 6 is the same as the mirror surface of the beam splitter 5, which is used for one-to-one reflection, and the feed tube 2 is designed to be coaxial with the laser beam.

[0049] When the cylindrical laser beam enters the light inlet tube 9 through the laser emitting assembly 3 and is then transmitted to the beam splitter 5 through the light inlet port 4, the laser beam will be evenly divided into multiple laser beams according to the mirror surface of the beam splitter 5. Since the first reflector 62 is composed of a 45° smooth plane, each laser beam will be reflected in the corresponding reflector assembly 6 and reflected again by the first reflector 62 in the reflector assembly 6. At this time, the laser beam reaches the surface of the second reflector 11, and the second reflector 11 continues to reflect it, so that all laser beams irradiated on the surface of the second reflector 11 are downwardly directed to the condenser 81 for condensation. The vertical setting of the feeding tube 2 can prevent the laser beam from contacting the surface of the feeding tube 2, which will block part of the light beam and cause a large energy loss. At the same time, since the surface of the feeding channel will reflect part of the light beam, the reflected light beam will irradiate the core parts of the device. Long-term irradiation will cause the parts to heat up and deform, affecting the positioning accuracy of the parts.

[0050] Furthermore, a fixing bolt 63 capable of fixing and installing the first reflector 62 is provided on the surface of the protective shell 1, and an adjusting bolt 64 capable of adjusting the angle of the first reflector 62 is provided on the reflector assembly 6. By providing the fixing bolt 63 and the adjusting bolt 64, when the first reflector 62 needs to be adjusted, the angle of the first reflector 62 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting bolt 64. When the angle of the first reflector 62 reaches the required reflection angle, the first reflector 62 can be fixed by the fixing bolt 63.

[0051] The inner wall of the protective shell 1 is provided with a first cooling pipe 61 capable of cooling the first reflector 62 . One end of the first cooling pipe 61 passes through the inside of the three reflector assemblies 6 in sequence and extends to the outside of the protective shell 1 .

[0052] By setting the first cooling pipe 61, in the working room of the device, the water inlet and the water outlet of the first cooling pipe 61 can be connected through a water cooling device, and the water cooling device injects cooling water into the first cooling pipe 61 through the water inlet, and passes through the interior of multiple reflector assemblies 6 at a time through the first cooling pipe 61 to cool the first reflector 62, so as to prevent the first reflector 62 from being damaged due to the heat absorbed by the first reflector 62 itself being unable to dissipate when reflecting the laser, thereby affecting the service life of the first reflector 62.

[0053] Bolts connected to the protective tube 8 are provided at the four corners of the protective mirror 83 .

[0054] A second cooling tube 12 capable of cooling the interior of the second reflector 11 is provided, a cooling cavity 51 is provided inside the spectroscope 5, a third cooling tube 52 connected to the cooling cavity 51 is provided on the surface of the protective shell 1, and both ends of the second cooling tube 12 extend to the outside of the protective shell 1.

[0055] By providing the cooling cavity 51 and the second cooling tube 12, the water cooling device can inject cooling water into the cooling cavity 51 and the second cooling tube 12 to cool the spectroscope 5 and the second reflector 11, thereby avoiding the problem that overheating may cause heating and deformation of the parts and affect the positioning accuracy of the parts.

[0056] Furthermore, a mounting groove adapted to the second reflector 11 is provided inside the protective shell 1 , and both ends of the second reflector 11 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 1 by bolts.

[0057] The second reflector 11 is installed through the installation groove, the cooling cavity 51 is provided with a reflective film, and the first reflector 62 and the second reflector 11 are coated with a reflective film on the side away from the beam splitter 5 . Embodiment 2

[0058] like Figure 3-8 As shown, a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing includes a protective shell 1, a light inlet 4 is opened on one side of the protective shell 1, a light outlet is opened on the bottom of the protective shell 1, the light inlet 4 is provided with a laser emitting component 3 through a light inlet tube 9, the light outlet of the protective shell 1 is provided with a light transmitting component, the interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam horizontally injected by the laser emitting component 3, a second reflector 11 capable of refracting the light beam dispersed by the dispersion component downward into the light transmitting component, and a feeding pipe 2 for conveying powder or wire.

[0059] The powder is iron powder and the wire material is iron wire.

[0060] The laser emitting assembly 3 comprises a laser emitter capable of emitting a laser beam and a collimator, wherein the collimator can be used to collimate a divergent point light source into a collimating mirror for a parallel light spot.

[0061] The light-transmitting component includes a protective tube 8 fixed below the light outlet and a protective cover 7 arranged around the protective tube 8. The bottom opening of the protective tube 8 is provided with a protective mirror 83 for preventing dust. A gas flow channel capable of conveying inert protective gas to the inside of the protective cover 7 is provided in the protective cover 7. An opening communicating with the gas flow channel is provided at the bottom of the protective cover 7. Air inlets 71 communicating with the gas flow channel are provided on both sides of the protective cover 7.

[0062] The top and bottom of the protection tube 8 are both opened, and the center of the protection tube 8 is hollow.

[0063] The interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam, a feed pipe 2 for material transportation and a second reflector 11 capable of reflecting the light beam. The second reflector 11 is arranged at the corner between the light inlet tube 9 and the protective tube 8, and the dispersion component is arranged between the light inlet tube 9 and the second reflector 11. The top end of the feed pipe 2 passes through the second reflector 11 upward and extends upward to the outside of the protective shell 1. The bottom end of the feed pipe 2 passes through the protective mirror 83 and extends downward to the outside of the protective cover 7. A feed nozzle 21 is arranged at the top end of the feed pipe 2. The feed pipe 2 is composed of a straight channel. The feed pipe 2 is coaxially arranged with the beam splitter 5, so that after the beam splitter 5 disperses the laser beam, the feed pipe 2 will not block the laser beam.

[0064] During operation, the device can deliver shielding gas into the protective cover 7 through the air inlet 71. During processing, the shielding gas is sprayed out through the opening at the bottom of the protective cover 7. The shielding gas can prevent oxygen in the air from reacting with high-temperature materials in the molten pool, and can prevent powder from escaping outward when sprayed out, thereby reducing waste.

[0065] The protective mirror 83 can prevent dust from entering the interior of the protective tube 8 and affecting the intensity and accuracy of the laser.

[0066] The dispersion component includes a beam splitter 5 for dispersing the light beam, the cross-section of the beam splitter 5 is a triangular prism, and a reflector component 6 capable of reflecting and guiding the light beam. Three reflector components 6 are arranged at intervals with the beam splitter 5 as the center, and a first reflector 62 is arranged inside the reflector component 6.

[0067] The first reflector 62 is a parabolic mirror composed of a parabolic focusing reflective surface, which has a reflecting effect and a focusing effect. Therefore, when the light is concentrated on the first reflector 62 and reflected, it reaches the second reflector 11, and then the second reflector 11 directly reflects the light to the outside of the protective cover 7 and is located around the bottom end of the feeding tube 2.

[0068] The beam splitter 5 can be designed as a prism, a quadrangular prism or a polygonal prism. It can be designed as any desired polygonal prism according to the requirements and process requirements of laser metal 3D printing. The number of the reflector assemblies 6 is the same as the mirror surface of the beam splitter 5 for one-to-one reflection.

[0069] When the cylindrical laser beam enters the light inlet tube 9 through the laser emitting assembly 3 and is then transmitted to the beam splitter 5 through the light inlet port 4, the laser beam will be evenly divided into multiple laser beams according to the mirror surface of the beam splitter 5. Since the first reflector 62 is a parabolic mirror composed of a parabolic focusing and reflecting surface, each laser beam will be reflected in the corresponding reflector assembly 6 and will be refocused and reflected by the first reflector 62 in the reflector assembly 6. At this time, the laser beam reaches the surface of the second reflector 11, and the second reflector 11 continues to reflect it, so that all laser beams irradiated on the surface of the second reflector 11 reach downward to the outside of the protective cover 7 and are located around the bottom end of the feeding tube 2, so that the device can be adjusted accordingly according to different specifications.

[0070] Furthermore, a fixing bolt 63 capable of fixing and installing the first reflector 62 is provided on the surface of the protective shell 1, and an adjusting bolt 64 capable of adjusting the angle of the first reflector 62 is provided on the reflector assembly 6. By providing the fixing bolt 63 and the adjusting bolt 64, when the first reflector 62 needs to be adjusted, the angle of the first reflector 62 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting bolt 64. When the angle of the first reflector 62 reaches the required reflection angle, the first reflector 62 can be fixed by the fixing bolt 63.

[0071] The inner wall of the protective shell 1 is provided with a first cooling pipe 61 capable of cooling the first reflector 62 . One end of the first cooling pipe 61 passes through the inside of the three reflector assemblies 6 in sequence and extends to the outside of the protective shell 1 .

[0072] By setting the first cooling pipe 61, in the working room of the device, the water inlet and the water outlet of the first cooling pipe 61 can be connected through a water cooling device, and the water cooling device injects cooling water into the first cooling pipe 61 through the water inlet, and passes through the interior of multiple reflector assemblies 6 at a time through the first cooling pipe 61 to cool the first reflector 62, so as to prevent the first reflector 62 from being damaged due to the heat absorbed by the first reflector 62 itself being unable to dissipate when reflecting the laser, thereby affecting the service life of the first reflector 62.

[0073] Bolts connected to the protective tube 8 are provided at the four corners of the protective mirror 83 .

[0074] A second cooling tube 12 capable of cooling the interior of the second reflector 11 is provided, a cooling cavity 51 is provided inside the spectroscope 5, a third cooling tube 52 connected to the cooling cavity 51 is provided on the surface of the protective shell 1, and both ends of the second cooling tube 12 extend to the outside of the protective shell 1.

[0075] By providing the cooling cavity 51 and the second cooling tube 12, the water cooling device can inject cooling water into the cooling cavity 51 and the second cooling tube 12 to cool the spectroscope 5 and the second reflector 11, thereby avoiding the problem that overheating may cause heating and deformation of the parts and affect the positioning accuracy of the parts.

[0076] Furthermore, a mounting groove adapted to the second reflector 11 is provided inside the protective shell 1 , and both ends of the second reflector 11 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 1 by bolts.

[0077] The second reflector 11 is installed through the installation groove, and a reflective film is provided on the cooling cavity 51 . The first reflector 62 and the second reflector 11 on the side away from the beam splitter 5 are both coated with a reflective film. Embodiment 3

[0078] like Figure 9-16 As shown, a multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing includes a protective shell 1, a light inlet 4 is opened on one side of the protective shell 1, a light outlet is opened on the bottom of the protective shell 1, the light inlet 4 is provided with a laser emitting component 3 through a light inlet tube 9, the light outlet of the protective shell 1 is provided with a light transmitting component, the interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam horizontally injected by the laser emitting component 3, a second reflector 11 capable of refracting the light beam dispersed by the dispersion component downward into the light transmitting component, and a feeding pipe 2 for conveying powder or wire.

[0079] The powder is iron powder and the wire material is iron wire.

[0080] The laser emitting assembly 3 comprises a laser emitter capable of emitting a laser beam and a collimator, wherein the collimator can be used to collimate a divergent point light source into a collimating mirror for a parallel light spot.

[0081] The light-transmitting component includes a protective tube 8 fixed below the light outlet and a protective cover 7 arranged around the protective tube 8. The bottom opening of the protective tube 8 is provided with a protective mirror 83 for preventing dust. A gas flow channel capable of conveying inert protective gas to the inside of the protective cover 7 is provided in the protective cover 7. An opening communicating with the gas flow channel is provided at the bottom of the protective cover 7. Air inlets 71 communicating with the gas flow channel are provided on both sides of the protective cover 7.

[0082] The top and bottom of the protection tube 8 are both opened, and the center of the protection tube 8 is hollow.

[0083] The interior of the protective shell 1 is provided with a dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam, a feed pipe 2 for material transportation and a second reflector 11 capable of reflecting the light beam. The second reflector 11 is arranged at the corner between the light inlet tube 9 and the protective tube 8, and the dispersion component is arranged between the light inlet tube 9 and the second reflector 11. The top end of the feed pipe 2 passes through the second reflector 11 upward and extends upward to the outside of the protective shell 1. The bottom end of the feed pipe 2 passes through the protective mirror 83 and extends downward to the outside of the protective cover 7. A feed nozzle 21 is arranged at the top end of the feed pipe 2. The feed pipe 2 is composed of a straight channel. The feed pipe 2 is coaxially arranged with the beam splitter 5, so that after the beam splitter 5 disperses the laser beam, the feed pipe 2 will not block the laser beam.

[0084] The cross section of the protective shell 1 is L-shaped, and the second reflector 11 is arranged in the inner cavity of the protective shell 1 at an angle of 45°.

[0085] During operation, the device can deliver shielding gas into the protective cover 7 through the air inlet 71. During processing, the shielding gas is sprayed out through the opening at the bottom of the protective cover 7. The shielding gas can prevent oxygen in the air from reacting with high-temperature materials in the molten pool, and can prevent powder from escaping outward when sprayed out, thereby reducing waste.

[0086] The protective mirror 83 can prevent dust from entering the interior of the protective tube 8 and affecting the intensity and accuracy of the laser.

[0087] A dispersion component capable of dispersing the light beam is arranged inside the protective shell 1 and between the light inlet tube 9 and the protective tube 8 . The dispersion component includes a beam splitter 5 for dispersing the light beam.

[0088] The beam splitter 5 is a four-beam splitter lens, and its working principle is to split the light into two intersecting beams at the horizontal edge surface, and then split the two beams into four beams through the vertical edge surface. At the same time, the four beams are reflected into four parallel beams and irradiate the second reflector 11.

[0089] A condenser 81 capable of condensing light is disposed inside the protective tube 8 , and a mounting bolt 82 is disposed on one side of the condenser 81 . The condenser 81 is detachably disposed inside the protective tube 8 by the mounting bolt 82 .

[0090] When the laser beam enters the inner part of the protective tube 8 and passes through the condenser 81, the condenser 81 can condense the laser beam so that the laser landing point is concentrated around the bottom end of the feeding tube 2, so that the laser beam is coaxially arranged with the feeding tube 2, and the feeding tube 2 does not affect the direction of the laser beam.

[0091] When the cylindrical laser beam enters the light inlet tube 9 through the laser emitting assembly 3 and is then transmitted to the beam splitter 5 through the light inlet port 4, the laser beam will be evenly divided into multiple laser beams according to the mirror surface of the beam splitter 5. At this time, the laser beam reaches the surface of the second reflector 11, and the second reflector 11 continues to reflect it, so that all the laser beams irradiated on the surface of the second reflector 11 are downwardly directed to the condenser 81 for condensation. The vertical setting of the feeding tube 2 can prevent the laser beam from contacting the surface of the feeding tube 2, which may block part of the light beam and cause a large energy loss. At the same time, since the surface of the feeding channel will reflect part of the light beam, the reflected light beam will irradiate the core parts of the device. Long-term irradiation will cause the parts to heat up and deform, affecting the positioning accuracy of the parts.

[0092] Bolts connected to the protective tube 8 are provided at the four corners of the protective mirror 83 .

[0093] A second cooling tube 12 capable of cooling the interior of the second reflector 11 is provided, a cooling cavity 51 is provided inside the spectroscope 5, a third cooling tube 52 connected to the cooling cavity 51 is provided on the surface of the protective shell 1, and both ends of the second cooling tube 12 extend to the outside of the protective shell 1.

[0094] The water cooling device can inject cooling water into the second cooling pipe 12 to cool the second reflector 11 to avoid overheating which may cause heating and deformation of the parts and affect the positioning accuracy of the parts.

[0095] Furthermore, a connection hole adapted to the feeding tube 2 is opened at the center of the protective mirror 83 , and a sealant is provided between the feeding tube 2 and the protective mirror 83 .

[0096] The sealant can be used to seal the gap between the condenser lens 81 and the feeding tube 2 to prevent dust from entering the interior of the protective shell 1 through the protective tube 8 and affecting the reflection of the laser beam inside the protective shell 1 .

[0097] Through the multi-beam separation technology, the feed tube 2 is completely distributed in a straight line, without the traditional arc structure, avoiding the problem of blockage when conveying powder materials and the problem of deviation from the center due to the inertia force of the powder. At the same time, it also solves the problem that due to the arc channel design of the transmission, the flexible wire will produce plastic deformation when passing through the bending part, causing the wire to flow out of the feed tube 2 outlet to deviate from the center position.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) comprises a protective shell (1), a light inlet (4) is provided on one side of the protective shell (1), a light outlet is provided on the bottom of the protective shell (1), a laser emitting component (3) is provided on the light inlet (4) through a light inlet tube (9), a light transmitting component is provided on the light outlet of the protective shell (1), and a dispersion component capable of dispersing a light beam horizontally incident from the laser emitting component (3), a second reflector (11) capable of refracting the light beam dispersed by the dispersion component downwardly into the light transmitting component, and a feeding pipe (2) for conveying powder or wire is provided inside the protective shell (1); The light-transmitting component comprises a protective tube (8) fixed below the light outlet and a protective cover (7) arranged around the protective tube (8); a protective mirror (83) for preventing dust is arranged at the bottom opening of the protective tube (8); a gas flow channel capable of conveying inert protective gas to the inside of the protective cover (7) is arranged in the protective cover (7); an opening communicating with the gas flow channel is arranged at the bottom of the protective cover (7); and gas inlets (71) communicating with the gas flow channel are arranged on both sides of the protective cover (7).

2. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second reflector (11) is arranged at the corner between the light inlet tube (9) and the protective tube (8), and the dispersion component is arranged between the light inlet tube (9) and the second reflector (11). The top end of the feed tube (2) passes through the second reflector (11) upwards and extends upwards to the outside of the protective shell (1). The bottom end of the feed tube (2) passes through the protective mirror (83) and extends downwards to the outside of the protective cover (7). A feed nozzle (21) is arranged at the top end of the feed tube (2).

3. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion component comprises a beam splitter (5) for dispersing a light beam, the cross section of the beam splitter (5) being arranged in a triangular rhombus shape, a cooling cavity (51) being provided inside the beam splitter (5), and a reflector component (6) capable of reflecting and guiding the light beam, wherein three reflector components (6) are arranged at intervals with the beam splitter (5) as the center.

4. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first reflector (62) is arranged inside the reflector assembly (6), the first reflector (62) being composed of a smooth plane with an angle of 45°, an adjusting bolt (64) capable of adjusting the angle of the first reflector (62) is arranged on the reflector assembly (6), a fixing bolt (63) capable of fixing and installing the first reflector (62) is arranged on the surface of the protective shell (1), a first cooling pipe (61) capable of cooling the first reflector (62) is arranged on the inner wall of the protective shell (1), one end of the first cooling pipe (61) passes through the interior of the three reflector assemblies (6) in sequence and extends to the outside of the protective shell (1).

5. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second cooling tube (12) capable of cooling the interior of the second reflector (11) is provided, a third cooling tube (52) connected to the cooling cavity (51) is provided on the surface of the protective shell (1), and both ends of the second cooling tube (12) extend to the outside of the protective shell (1).

6. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A condenser (81) capable of condensing light is arranged inside the protective tube (8), and a mounting bolt (82) is arranged on one side of the condenser (81).

7. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective cover (7) is arranged around the outside of the protective tube (8), and the condenser (81) is detachably arranged inside the protective tube (8) via the mounting bolts (82).

8. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting groove adapted to the second reflector (11) is provided inside the protective shell (1), and both ends of the second reflector (11) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (1) by means of bolts.

9. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the protective shell (1) is L-shaped, the second reflector (11) is arranged in the inner cavity of the protective shell (1) at an angle of 45°, and the protective cover (7) is arranged around the bottom of the protective tube (8).

10. The multi-beam coaxial nozzle device based on metal 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion component comprises a beam splitter (5) capable of dispersing a light beam, and the beam splitter (5) is detachably connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (1) via bolts.

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