Ventilation structure and device

Abstract

The utility model provides a ventilation structure for a pressure sensor or other devices, which comprises a ventilation channel for communicating an inner cavity of a shell to the outside of the shell, the ventilation channel comprises a roundabout ventilation channel, one end of the upper side of the roundabout ventilation channel is communicated to the inner cavity of the shell after passing through a waterproof breathable film, and the other end of the upper side of the roundabout ventilation channel is communicated to the outer side of the shell. One end of the lower side of the roundabout air duct is communicated to the outside of the shell; the circuitous air duct spirally extends from the lower end of the circuitous air duct to the upper end of the circuitous air duct around a substantially vertical central axis. The ventilation structure can prevent jet flow or open water in other forms from entering a pressure sensor or other devices to hinder ventilation with the outside.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is 202322768558.1, the original application date is October 13, 2023, and the name of the original application is “A waterproof ventilation structure and device”. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to a ventilation structure and device. Background Art

[0003] Pressure sensors are sensors used to measure the pressure of the environment or medium. At present, pressure is measured by outputting current or voltage signals when the resistance of the components constituting the measuring bridge on the elastic membrane changes accordingly when subjected to stress. MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) pressure sensors have been widely used due to their low cost and easy miniaturization. Among them, the middle part of the silicon core is set to be a diaphragm. The pressure applied to the silicon diaphragm on both sides causes the resistance of the doped resistors on the silicon diaphragm to change. The current or voltage signal output by the measurement circuit composed of several resistors can be further processed by the conditioning circuit and then output to the outside. When a vacuum cavity is set on one side of the diaphragm in the silicon chip, the measured pressure is the pressure applied on the other side relative to the vacuum, that is, the absolute pressure; when atmospheric pressure is introduced on one side of the diaphragm, the measured pressure is the pressure relative to the atmosphere, that is, the gauge pressure; when other pressures are introduced on both sides of the diaphragm, the measured pressure is the difference between the pressures on both sides, that is, the differential pressure. In some other pressure sensors, temperature sensitive elements can also be integrated to measure the pressure and temperature of the medium at the same time.

[0004] Among them, when introducing the atmospheric reference pressure, it is necessary to set up a vent that is specially connected to the inner cavity of the shell. In order to prevent water vapor from entering, it is usually necessary to use a waterproof breathable membrane in the vent for isolation and protection. For example, CN111289167A discloses a pressure sensor, which isolates the moisture in the environment from the main cavity by setting a waterproof breathable membrane on the inner side of the dustproof connection seat, and covers the outer side of the dustproof connection seat with a dust cover, and the atmospheric pressure is connected to the waterproof breathable membrane through the microchannel between the dustproof cover and the dustproof connection seat. The microchannel can prevent particles from entering, and the standard air permeability of these waterproof breathable membranes is an important indicator of air permeability. When this waterproof breathable structure is used on a vehicle, the surface of the cover body will often be contaminated with liquid, and these liquids will be sucked into the capillary channel to produce a liquid seal; on the other hand, when the temperature in the cavity changes, the sensor will also suck or discharge the siphoned liquid inward, but when more liquid is sucked, the liquid will be adsorbed on the surface of the breathable membrane. Due to the evaporation of the liquid itself and the heat dissipation of the sensor itself when it is working, these liquids will not be retained for a long time. However, there are inorganic salt additives such as sodium phosphate and sodium nitrate in windshield washer fluid and antifreeze coolant. After evaporation, some inorganic salts will remain on the breathable membrane. After repeating this process many times, the breathable membrane will be partially or even completely blocked by inorganic salt particles, causing the reference pressure to deviate from the actual atmospheric pressure in the environment, thus causing measurement errors.

[0005] In addition, for IPX5 and IPX6 grade requirements, it is necessary to maintain good air permeability under water spray and strong water spray conditions respectively. However, under strong water spray or water spray conditions, clear water can easily enter the air duct and adhere to the waterproof breathable membrane, affecting the air permeability. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a ventilation structure to avoid or reduce the risk of clogging of the waterproof breathable membrane.

[0007] The present application provides a ventilation structure, which includes an air duct for connecting the inner cavity of a shell to the outside of the shell, wherein the air duct includes a detour air duct, an upper end of the detour air duct is connected to the inner cavity of the shell after passing through a waterproof and breathable membrane, and a lower end of the detour air duct is connected to the outside of the shell; the detour air duct extends spirally from its lower end around a substantially vertical central axis to its upper end.

[0008] Preferably, a closed ventilation cavity is formed in the shell, and the upper part of the ventilation cavity is connected inwardly to the inner cavity of the shell through an internal air duct; the ventilation cavity has a circular inner wall coaxially arranged with the central axis, a spiral plate is sealedly wound around a core column and its radial outer edge is close to or abuts against the circular inner wall, and the spiral plate, the core column and the circular inner wall form the circuitous air duct.

[0009] Preferably, the waterproof breathable membrane is arranged on the upper part of the ventilation cavity and covers the outer end of the inner air duct; the outer end of the inner air duct extends into the upper part of the ventilation cavity roughly in the left-right direction, and the left and right outer sides of the upper part of the ventilation cavity are correspondingly provided with side mounting openings allowing the waterproof breathable membrane to be delivered into the upper part of the ventilation cavity, or the outer end of the inner air duct extends roughly downward into the upper part of the ventilation cavity, and the circular inner wall allows the waterproof breathable membrane to be delivered upward into the upper part of the ventilation cavity through its interior.

[0010] Preferably, the shell includes a main shell and a tube shell combined together, the waterproof breathable membrane cover is arranged on the outer end of the inner air passage or the upper end of the tube shell, and the circular inner wall is formed on the inner wall of the tube shell.

[0011] Preferably, part or all of the tube shell is integrally connected to the main shell, and the waterproof breathable membrane is arranged on the upper part of the ventilation cavity and covers the outer end of the inner ventilation channel.

[0012] Preferably, the tube shell comprises a first part and a second part which are split along a radial plane and sealed and connected, the tube shell is integrally connected to the main shell, and the upper end of the second part is sealed and assembled to the main shell.

[0013] Preferably, the waterproof breathable membrane cover is disposed on the outer end of the inner air passage, and the upper end of the tube shell is sealedly assembled around the outer end of the inner air passage.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes an end plate fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the core column, the end plate is fixed to the lower end of the tube shell, and an external vent connected to the outside of the shell is opened on the end plate.

[0015] Preferably, it further comprises a horizontal air duct, one end of which is connected to the air vent provided on the lower side wall of the air vent cavity, and the other end of which is connected downward to the outside of the shell through an external air vent.

[0016] Preferably, the end plate is provided with a matching hole sleeved on the lower end of the core column and an external vent, the external vent is merged with the external vent at a connecting port, and the circumferential angle of the connecting port relative to the end plate is less than half a circle; the spiral plate can be completely screwed into the ventilation cavity through the external vent.

[0017] The present application also claims protection for a device comprising any one of the above-mentioned ventilation structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of a pressure sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a rotational top view of the pressure sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention (the cover is hidden);

[0020] Figure 3 The pressure sensor of the first embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of AA shown in FIG.

[0021] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of a pressure sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention (with the cover hidden);

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensitive component according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a right side view of the pressure sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 The pressure sensor of the first embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of BB shown in ;

[0025] Figure 8 The pressure sensor of the second embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of BB shown in ;

[0026] Fig. 9 A partial structural schematic diagram of an airway of a pressure sensor according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.10 A partial structural schematic diagram of an airway of a pressure sensor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.11 A partial structural schematic diagram of an airway of a pressure sensor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.12 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.13 A partial structural schematic diagram of an airway of a pressure sensor according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.14 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.15 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.16 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.17The pressure sensor of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of BB shown in ;

[0035] Fig.18 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.19 is a three-dimensional view of an end plate of a pressure sensor according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 20 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.21 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the airway of the pressure sensor according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] In the figure: 11a, support surface; 11b, sealing groove; 11, main shell; 12a, bushing; 12, mechanical installation part; 131a, inner end; 131b, outer end; 131, pin; 13, terminal button; 141, cover plate; 142, baffle plate; 143, connecting part; 144a, wedge-shaped filling part; 144, sealant; 145, sealing flange; 146, contraction part; 14a, stop surface; 14b, side baffle; 14c, sealing groove; 14, cover body; 151, first pressure introduction channel; 152, second pressure introduction channel; 153, lower cavity; 154a, first cavity; 154 b, second cavity; 154c, partition rib; 154, gap; 15a, pressure joint; 15b, pressure joint; 16a, first part; 16b, second part; 16, tube shell; 171, liquid baffle; 17a, inlet guide surface; 17b, outlet guide surface; 17c, thin wall; 17d, lower inner wall; 17e, common intersection area; 17, detour vent; 19, extended blocking part; 1, shell; 21a, pressure hole; 21b, pressure hole; 21, circuit board; 22a, pressure chip; 22b, pressure chip; 23a, frame; 23b, frame; 24a, protective material; 24b, Protective material; 25, signal processing components; 26, electrical connection leads; 27, other electronic components; 28, solder pads; 2, pressure sensitive components; 30, internal vents; 31a, front side wall; 31b, rear side wall; 31, ventilation cavity; 32a, external vents; 32, bottom wall; 330, opening; 331, interval; 332, arc guide plate; 333a, additional turning guide; 333, first turning guide; 33a, layer spacer; 33b, layer spacer; 34a, external vents; 34c, sealing groove; 34d, sealing adhesive; 34, extension tube; 35a, vent; 35, horizontal Ventilation channel; 360, breathable membrane installation cavity; 36a, waterproof breathable membrane; 36, waterproof breathable membrane; 37, side opening; 38a, turning guide; 38b, turning guide; 38c, turning guide; 38d, turning guide; 41a, top inner wall; 41b, circular inner wall; 41, ventilation cavity; 420, spiral vent; 421, spiral plate; 422, core column; 423a, matching hole; 423, end plate; 424, external vent; 425, sealing adhesive; 426, sealing adhesive; 427, rotating handle; 42a, blade; 42, cored spiral plate; 43a, bulging portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following definitions of terms shall apply throughout this application:

[0041] The directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "inner", "outer", "far", "near" and combinations thereof are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the product of the present application is usually placed when in use, or are the directions or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or components referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed, operated and used in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application; and the terms "horizontal" and "horizontal plane" refer to directions or planes that are substantially perpendicular to the "upper" and "lower" when their special relationship with the direction of gravity is not limited, and "longitudinal" and "horizontal" refer to two orthogonal directions on the "horizontal plane" when their planes are not limited;

[0042] The term "and / or" means any and all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items;

[0043] The terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances;

[0044] The term "including" is meant to include, but not limited to, and should be interpreted in the manner commonly used in a patent context;

[0045] The terms "about" or "approximately" and the like, when used with numbers, may refer to a specific number, or alternatively, a range close to the specific number as understood by those skilled in the art; and if the specification states that a component or feature "may", "could", "might", "likely", "can", "can", "preferably", "preferably", "best", "particularly", "usually", "optionally", "for example", "often", "particularly" (or other such words) be included or have a certain characteristic, then the specific component or feature is not necessarily included or has the characteristic, but is optional, that is, such a component or feature may be optionally included in some embodiments, or may be excluded;

[0046] The phrases "in one embodiment," "according to one embodiment," "in other embodiments," "in further embodiments," and the like generally mean that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present application (importantly, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment); if the specification describes something as "exemplary" or "example," it should be understood to refer to a non-exclusive example;

[0047] The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present application. In the following description, the same symbols are used to represent the same or equivalent elements, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the first embodiment of the present application provides a pressure sensor, which includes a housing 1 and a pressure sensitive component 2 arranged in the inner cavity of the housing 1. The pressure sensitive component 2 can be an existing component, for example, it can include at least one pressure sensitive element, the pressure sensitive element having a first sensing surface for receiving a first pressure P1 and a second sensing surface for receiving a reference pressure P0 from the atmosphere. The pressure sensitive element usually has a diaphragm that responds to the difference in pressure on both sides with strain, and a Wheatstone bridge is provided on the diaphragm to convert the strain into a current or voltage signal. The first sensing surface is usually located on the other side opposite to the second sensing surface. The above-mentioned pressure sensitive element can be a pressure chip 22a made of semiconductor material (for example, a silicon pressure chip or a silicon carbide pressure chip). A plurality of pins 131 electrically connected to the pressure sensitive component 2 are provided on the housing 1 to supply power to the pressure sensitive component 2 and output the electrical signal obtained by the pressure sensitive component 2 to an external device.

[0049] Specifically, the housing 1 may include a main housing 11 and a cover 14, and the main housing 11 and the cover 14 enclose an installation cavity for installing the pressure sensitive component 2. The pressure sensitive component 2 also includes a circuit board 21, which can be arranged horizontally and is directly or indirectly fixed to a support surface 11a that is recessed downward in the housing 1 by a sealing adhesive, thereby dividing the installation cavity into an upper cavity (not shown) and a lower cavity 153. The lower end of the main housing 11 is provided with at least one first pressure introduction channel 151 for introducing a first pressure P1 into the lower cavity 153, and the first pressure introduction channel 151 is arranged in a pressure joint 15a that is integrally connected to the main housing 11. The upper cavity is connected to the atmosphere via a ventilation structure, and the ventilation structure has an air passage (not marked).

[0050] In this embodiment, the pressure chip 22a is bonded to a bonding portion (not shown) on the upper surface of the circuit board 21. The bonding portion can be a material with a small thermal expansion coefficient (or closer to silicon), such as aluminum, ceramic or stainless steel. Preferably, the circuit board 21 itself is a ceramic board. The lower surface of the pressure chip 22b is connected to the lower cavity 153 through the pressure hole 21a opened on the circuit board 21 to receive the first pressure P1 introduced by the first pressure introduction channel 151. The upper surface of the pressure chip 22a is exposed in the upper cavity to receive the atmospheric pressure introduced by the airway as a reference pressure. In this way, the pressure chip 22a can measure the pressure difference between the first pressure P1 and the atmospheric pressure, that is, the gauge pressure.

[0051] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor may also have a second pressure introduction channel 152, which is arranged in a pressure joint 15b integrally connected to the lower end of the main housing 11. The upper chamber is divided into a first chamber 154a connected to the second pressure introduction channel 152 and a second chamber 154b connected to the air passage. A pressure chip 22b is bonded to another bonding portion on the circuit board 21. The pressure chip 22b is bonded to another bonding portion on the upper surface of the circuit board 21. The lower surface of the pressure chip 22b is connected to the lower chamber 153 through the pressure hole 21b opened on the circuit board 21 to receive the first pressure P1 introduced by the first pressure introduction channel 151. The upper surface of the pressure chip 22b is exposed in the first chamber 154a to receive the second pressure P2 introduced by the second pressure introduction channel 152. In this way, the pressure chip 22b can simultaneously measure the pressure difference of the second pressure P2 relative to the first pressure P1.

[0052] The upper cavity can be separated into the first cavity 154a and the second cavity 154b by the partition ribs 154c formed on the inner side of the cover body 14, and the partition ribs 154c and the circuit board 21 are sealed by a sealant.

[0053] In some other embodiments, in order to isolate the pressure chip 22a and the pressure chip 22b (especially the bonding wires that provide electrical connection between the pressure chip and the circuit board) from the pressure medium, a frame 23a and a frame 23b can be fixed on the upper surface of the circuit board 21 to surround the pressure chip 22a and the pressure chip 22b, respectively, and the protective material 24a and the protective material 24b are encapsulated in the frame 23a and the frame 23b. A gap 154 ​​is left between the top of the frame 23a and the frame 23b and the inner side of the cover plate 141. Among them, the protective material 24a and the protective material 24b can be soft protective materials to minimize the pressure transmission loss while providing isolation protection. The above-mentioned protective material 24a and the protective material 24b are preferably gels, such as silicone gel, fluorosilicone gel, etc. Generally, the pressure sensitive component 2 also includes a signal processing element 25 and other electronic elements 27 (such as protective capacitors, etc.) arranged on its upper surface. The signal processing element 25 is arranged in one of the enclosures and protected by protective materials. Preferably, the signal processing element 25 is arranged in the enclosure 23a so that it can be more reliably isolated from the pressure medium. A soldering pad 28 is also provided on the upper surface of the circuit board 21, which is electrically connected to the inner end 131a of the pin 131 through an electrical connection lead 26 (such as aluminum wire or aluminum strip), and the outer end 131b of the pin 131 extends into the interior of the terminal 13 integrally connected to the front end of the main housing 11. The rear end of the main housing 11 can also be integrally connected to a mechanical mounting portion 12, and the mechanical mounting portion 12 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (not marked), and a bushing 12a is provided in the mounting hole.

[0054] The cover body 14 may include a horizontally arranged cover plate 141, which is downwardly covered on the upper end opening of the main shell 11. A sealing groove 11b may be formed around the upper end opening of the main shell 11, and the edge of the cover plate 141 protrudes downward to form a sealing flange 145, which is correspondingly inserted into the sealing groove 11b and fixed and sealed by a sealing adhesive. In some other embodiments, the cover body 14 may also be directly positioned on the upper end opening of the main shell 11, and fixed and sealed by a sealing adhesive.

[0055] In the pressure sensor of this embodiment, the left and right side walls of the main housing 11 are recessed inward to form a ventilation cavity 31 with a side opening 37. The left and right corresponding side edges of the cover plate 141 extend downward to form a baffle 142, and the baffle 142 is sealedly covered on the side opening 37 of the ventilation cavity 31. The layer partition plates 33b and layer partition plates 33a arranged in intervals up and down are arranged in the ventilation cavity 31, and the ventilation cavity 31 is divided into three sub-cavities, namely the top cavity, the middle cavity and the bottom cavity. The layer partition plates 33a and the layer partition plates 33b are provided with openings 330 for connecting two adjacent sub-cavities up and down. The bottom wall 32 of the ventilation cavity 31 is provided with an external vent 32a to connect to the atmosphere. The outer vent 32a and the two openings 330 are alternately arranged in the front-to-back direction to form the detour vent 17 of the vent. For example, the outer vent 32a is arranged at the bottom rear side of the vent cavity 31, the opening 330 on the layer partition 33a is arranged on the front side portion of the layer partition 33a, and the opening 330 on the layer partition 33b is arranged on the rear side portion of the layer partition 33b. In some other embodiments, only two of the three of the outer vent 32a and the two openings 330 are alternately arranged in the front-to-back direction to prevent the jet from approaching the breathable membrane installation cavity 360 along the detour vent 17 from the outer vent 32a.

[0056] In order to facilitate the installation of the breathable membrane installation cavity 360, the main shell 11 protrudes toward the left and right sides in the top cavity to form an extension tube 34, and an outer vent hole 34a is coaxially provided in the extension tube 34. A waterproof breathable membrane 36 is attached to the outer end of the extension tube 34 to seal the outer wall of the outer vent hole, which is recessed inward to form a ventilation cavity 31 with a side opening 37. An inner air duct is also formed in the main shell 11, and the inner air duct includes an inner vent hole 30, which is preferably vertical. The upper end (i.e., the inner end) of the inner vent hole 30 is connected to the first cavity 154a, and the lower end (i.e., the outer end) of the inner vent hole 30 is connected to the inner end (i.e., the outer end) of the outer vent hole 34a. Figure 7 The left and right corresponding side edges of the cover plate 141 extend downward to form a baffle plate 142, and the baffle plate 142 is sealed and covers the outer opening of the ventilation cavity 31.

[0057] One end of the inner vent hole 30 is connected to the extension tube 34. A waterproof breathable membrane 36 is attached to the outer end of the extension tube 34 to seal the outer end of the outer vent hole. In this way, during actual operation or measurement, even if a jet flows upward from the outer vent hole 32a into the vent passage, it will rise in a roundabout way in the roundabout vent passage 17 (such as Figure 5). Before the jet splashes onto the waterproof breathable membrane 36, it must first and foremost pass through the external vent 32a, the opening 330 on the interlayer partition 33a, and the opening 330 on the interlayer partition 33b in a circuitous manner. Therefore, the present embodiment can effectively prevent the jet from splashing onto the waterproof breathable membrane 36, thereby causing the ventilation volume of the waterproof breathable membrane 36 to decrease or even be completely blocked. Preferably, the height and width of each sub-cavity are preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, so as to avoid liquid sealing and wall hanging caused by surface tension and capillary action, thereby allowing the liquid entering the ventilation cavity 31 to flow out smoothly from the external vent 32a. In some other schemes, the interlayer partitions may be set to one, three, or more than three in total. Among them, the left and right outer sides of the interlayer partitions are in contact with or close to the inner end of the baffle 142, and when the two are close to each other, the gap width is preferably less than or equal to 1 mm.

[0058] In some other embodiments, the layer partition plate can also be set to only one, in which case the layer partition plate divides the ventilation cavity 31 into two sub-cavities, namely a top cavity and a bottom cavity; of course, the layer partition plate can also be set to three or more, in which case these sub-cavities include a top cavity, two or more middle cavities and a bottom cavity arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0059] Preferably, the lower edge of the waterproof breathable membrane 36 can be contracted inward relative to the upper edge, thereby increasing the space between it and the inner side of the baffle 142, so as to avoid the gap between the waterproof breathable membrane 36 and the baffle 142 being too small to directly affect the air permeability, and at the same time avoid the small amount of liquid beads in the gap from forming a liquid seal on the surface of the waterproof breathable membrane 36 and affecting the air permeability.

[0060] Among them, a stop surface 14a is formed on one side surface of the main shell 11 corresponding to the baffle 142, and two vertical side baffles 14b are formed on the stop surface 14a and are spaced apart from each other. The inner surface of the baffle 142 is pressed against the stop surface 14a and the side baffle 14b. The front and rear outer sides of the side baffle 14b form a sealing groove 14c. The front and rear sides of the baffle 142 shrink downward from the proximal end of the top to form a shrinking portion 146. The portion of the baffle 142 located on the lower side of the baffle 142 is arranged in the sealing groove 14c, and is sealed with the main shell 11 by the sealant 144 poured into the sealing groove 14c; the portion of the baffle 142 located on the upper side of the baffle 142 and the connecting portion 143 cover the connection between the baffle 142 and the main shell 11 from the upper side. In this way, the baffle 142 is sealedly covered on the ventilation cavity 31 from the left and right outer sides. The upper part of the contraction portion extends to the connecting portion 143, so that the top of the sealant 144 can form a wedge-shaped filling portion 144a accordingly (see Figure 5) is sealed between the contraction portion 146 and the main shell 11 to prevent liquid from entering the ventilation cavity 31 from there. In some other embodiments, the cover plate 141 can also be separated from the baffle plate 142 and connected to the main shell 11 respectively, which improves flexibility but also increases the process.

[0061] See also Figure 8 The second embodiment of the detour vent 17 of the present application can be improved on the basis of the first embodiment as follows: a horizontal vent 35 extending approximately left and right is provided on the main housing 11. The left and right ends of the horizontal vent 35 are connected to a vent 35a on the lower side wall of the bottommost sub-cavity (i.e., the bottom cavity). The outer vent 32a is provided on the other left and right sides of the main housing 11 ( Figure 7 Specifically, the left side is connected upward to the other end of the horizontal air passage 35, rather than being opened on the bottom wall 32 of the ventilation cavity 31. In this way, the jet entering from the external vent 32a needs to pass through a section of the horizontal air passage 35 before reaching the bottom cavity. Therefore, the waterproof performance is further improved.

[0062] See also Fig. 9 The third embodiment of the detour vent 17 of the present application can further provide the interlayer partition plate 33a with one end of the opening 330 on the basis of the first embodiment. Fig. 9 The right end in FIG. 1 is inclined downward relative to the other end, so that the end of the interlayer spacer 33b having the opening 330 ( Fig. 9 The left end in the middle is inclined downward relative to the other end, so that four main turning guides (not marked, i.e., Fig. 9 After the fluid enters the bottom cavity from the outer vent 32a downstream (defined as the upper end side of the detour vent 17), it is first guided to the front side (by the additional turning guide 333a at the lower side of the first turning guide 333) Fig. 9The second turning guide formed on the front side wall 31a of the vent cavity 31 is guided to the upper side and enters the middle cavity through the opening 330 on the layer partition plate 33a, and then is guided to the rear side by the third turning guide, and then is guided to the upper side by the fourth turning guide formed by the rear side wall 31b of the vent cavity 31 and the layer partition plate 33a and enters the breathable membrane installation cavity 360 through the opening 330 on the layer partition plate 33b. In the detour vent 17, these four turning guides cause the fluid or the detour vent 17 to deflect clockwise (with the inward direction perpendicular to the paper plane as the reference direction) by an obtuse angle α1 (i.e., the deflection angle of the outflow guide surface 17b at the first turning guide relative to the inflow guide surface 17a), counterclockwise by an obtuse angle α2, counterclockwise by an obtuse angle α3, and clockwise by an obtuse angle α4. In order to make the liquid on the upper surface of the layer partition plates 33b and 33a slide and discharge more easily along the layer partition plates, the interval 331 between the end of the partition plate 33b facing its opening 330 and the bottom wall 32 or the upper surface of the layer partition plate is preferably greater than or equal to 2.5 mm. In this way, the detour vent 17 can be made to make more detours in a limited space while ensuring the size of the detour vent 17, so as to better utilize the detour vent 17 to prevent the fluid from entering the breathable membrane installation cavity 360. In some other simplified schemes, only the first turning guide portion (i.e., the layer partition plate 33a) can be protected, which can also have a certain blocking effect on the jet. In addition, it can be seen that the corresponding deflection angles α1 to α4 in the first and second embodiments are all 90 degrees.

[0063] See also Fig.10 The fourth embodiment of the detour duct 17 of the present application can be based on the third embodiment, in that the end of the layer partition plates 33a, 33b close to the opening 330 is tilted downward and then bent downward to form an arc-shaped guide plate 332, and an additional turning guide portion 333a is formed on the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide plate 332 on the side facing the detour duct 17. In this way, the jet can be further guided downward by the arc-shaped guide plate 332 along the lower surface of the layer partition plates 33a, 33b, so as to increase the deflection angle α1 to the same side. 10 In some other embodiments, the horizontal interlayer plates 33a and 33b may be bent downward to form an arc-shaped guide plate 332, and the overall deflection angle is 90° and α 10The first turning guide portion 333 and the additional turning guide portion 333a are located on the same side of the detour air passage 17 and are adjacent to each other in front and back, and both of them make the detour air passage 17 deflect twice in a row clockwise, so they can also be regarded as being merged into one turning guide portion, which makes the deflection angle of the detour air passage 17 as a whole, that is, the outflow guide surface of the last additional turning guide portion 333a relative to the outflow guide surface of the previous turning guide portion (when the turning guide portion does not exist upstream, the inflow direction from the outside is taken, for example, when the jet is shot upward from the external vent 32a, the inflow direction is upward). Therefore, an arc-shaped turning guide portion can also be regarded as a combination of a plurality of continuous turning guide portions with smaller deflection angles, and its overall deflection angle is the deflection angle of the outflow guide surface of the arc-shaped turning guide portion relative to the inflow direction of the upstream or the outflow guide surface of the turning guide portion adjacent to the upstream side. Therefore, the "deflection angle" in the present application can be more strictly defined on a two-dimensional plane as: the deflection angle of the tangent direction of the outflow guide surface of the turning guide portion toward the downstream relative to the upstream inflow direction; wherein, the upstream inflow direction is the tangent direction of the outflow guide surface of the turning guide portion immediately upstream toward the downstream, and when the turning guide portion immediately upstream does not exist, the upstream inflow direction is defined by the outside of the detour air duct.

[0064] See also Fig.11The detour duct 17 of the fifth embodiment of the present application is partially or completely formed in the side wall of the main shell 11, and the outflow guide surfaces of the turning guide parts 38a to 38d are parallel to the inflow guide surfaces of the turning guide parts adjacent to the respective downstream opposite sides. Therefore, their respective deflection angles can be simply described as the relative deflection angles of the first to fifth directions D1 to D5. As shown in the figure, the detour duct 17 detours along a plane perpendicular to the left-right direction while the lower end extends toward the upper end (i.e., downstream). Specifically, the detour vent 17 starts from the outer vent 32a at the lower end, first tilts upward along the first direction D1, is deflected by the turning guide portion 38a to the counterclockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts downward along the second direction D2, is then deflected by the turning guide portion 38b to the clockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts upward along the third direction D3, is then deflected by the turning guide portion 38c to the counterclockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts downward along the fourth direction D4, is then deflected by the turning guide portion 38d to the clockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts upward along the fifth direction D5, so as to be connected to the rear side of the breathable membrane installation cavity 360. The waterproof breathable membrane 36 is preferably disposed on the front and rear sides of the breathable membrane installation cavity 360 away from the upper end of the detour vent 17, that is, the front side. A liquid baffle 171 is preferably provided between the upper end of the detour vent 17 and the waterproof breathable membrane 36, and a ventilation space is left between the upper end of the liquid baffle 171 and the top of the ventilation cavity 41. Another part of the detour vent 17 can also be formed in the baffle 142. The baffle 142 and the main housing 11 form a complete detour vent 17, which can be easily manufactured. Fig.11 It can be seen that the turning guide portion 38b and the turning guide portion 38d on the lower inner wall 17d of the detour vent 17 are low-lying pits formed by being sunken downward, in which a certain amount of liquid may remain, thereby reducing the channel size of the detour vent 17 to a certain extent and allowing the liquid to be stored in the detour vent 17 for a longer time. The first to fifth directions D1 to D5 mentioned above relatively correspond to a section of the vent portion whose direction remains unchanged.

[0065] See also Fig.12 . The detour vent 17 of the sixth embodiment of the present application can gradually raise the lower inner wall 17d from bottom to top on the basis of the fifth embodiment, so as to avoid the formation of low-lying pits on the lower inner wall 17d and preserve the residual liquid for a long time. At the same time, the downstream side (i.e., the side close to the outflow guide surface 17b) of the turning guide portion 38a and the turning guide portion 38b can be protruded to form an extended blocking portion 19, so that the channel size in the detour vent 17 can be maintained at a certain size without reducing the obstruction to the liquid due to relative expansion, and at the same time the deflection angle is increased to β. Among them, the part of the detour vent 17 located in the main shell 11 can be surrounded by two thin walls 17c formed by the right side wall of the main shell 11 protruding outward and the right side wall of the main shell 11.

[0066] See also Fig.13 . The detour air duct 17 of the seventh embodiment of the present application is partially or completely formed in the side wall of the main shell 11. In the process of extending the lower end of the detour air duct 17 toward the upper end (i.e., downstream), it detours along a plane perpendicular to the left and right directions. Specifically, the detour air duct 17 starts from the outer vent 32a at the lower end, first tilts upward along the first direction D1, is deflected by the turning guide part 38a to the counterclockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts downward along the second direction D2, and then is deflected by the turning guide part 38b to the clockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then tilts upward along the third direction D3, and then is deflected by the turning guide part 38c to the clockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then is tilted downward along the fourth direction D4, and then is deflected by the turning guide part 38d to the counterclockwise side by an obtuse angle, and then is tilted upward along the fifth direction D5, so as to connect to the front side of the breathable membrane mounting cavity 360. The waterproof breathable membrane 36 is preferably arranged on the front and rear sides of the breathable membrane installation cavity 360 away from the upper end of the detour vent 17, i.e., the rear side. A liquid baffle 171 is preferably arranged between the upper end of the detour vent 17 and the waterproof breathable membrane 36, and a ventilation space is left between the upper end of the liquid baffle 171 and the top of the ventilation cavity 41. Another part of the detour vent 17 can also be formed in the baffle 142. A complete detour vent 17 is formed between the baffle 142 and the main shell 11, which can facilitate manufacturing and molding. Compared with the detour vent 17 of the fifth embodiment, which detours in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2, the detour vent 17 of this embodiment detours alternately in the second direction D2 and the third direction D2 after the first direction D1, and the turning guide portion 38c deflects toward the opposite side.

[0067] See also Fig.14 . The circuitous air duct 17 of the eighth embodiment of the present application, based on the seventh embodiment, can divide the circuitous air duct 17 in the original seventh embodiment into two parts, the two parts are disconnected at the air duct part corresponding to the third direction D3, and the above two parts are respectively extended on two parallel planes X1 and X2, and connected to the disconnected ends of the two parts by a connecting part 172 corresponding to the sixth direction D6. In some other embodiments, the circuitous air duct 17 can also be divided into three or more parts extending on a corresponding number of parallel planes, and adjacent parts are connected by a connecting part 172. Among them, the connecting part 172 is preferably a straight section (constant direction) and perpendicular to the group of parallel planes.

[0068] See also Fig.15. The detour vent 17 of the ninth embodiment of the present application can rotate the detour vent 17 as a whole in the counterclockwise direction by a certain angle on the basis of the fifth embodiment, so that there is no low-lying pit on the inner wall of the detour vent 17 that is sunken downward. At the same time, after the rotation, the octagonal detour vent 17 of the present embodiment has a certain common intersection area 17e when projected on the horizontal plane at the horizontal cross section at each height. For example, when the horizontal cross section of the detour vent 17 at each height is rectangular, it has a common intersection area similar to that shown in S1; when the horizontal cross section of the detour vent 17 at each height is circular, it has a common intersection area similar to that shown in S2. The common intersection area 17e makes the jet have the risk of directly entering the breathable membrane mounting cavity 360 upward. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the projection of the horizontal cross section of the detour vent 17 at each height on the horizontal plane should be made as free of common intersection areas as possible, or the area of ​​the common intersection area should be minimized.

[0069] See also Fig.16 The detour vent 17 of the tenth embodiment of the present application can be made to rotate the detour vent 17 as a whole in the counterclockwise direction by a certain angle on the basis of the ninth embodiment. Fig.16 As shown, there is no low-lying pit on the inner wall of the detour air duct 17 that is sunken downward, and at the same time, the projections of the detour air duct 17 at various height horizontal sections on the horizontal plane have no common intersection area.

[0070] See also Fig.17. In the pressure sensor of the eleventh embodiment of the present application, unlike the detour vent 17 of the first embodiment which detours back and forth, the detour vent 17 of this embodiment detours in a spiral shape around a central axis. Specifically, the detour vent 17 includes a vent cavity 41, and the vent cavity 41 can be formed in the main shell 11, and its lower end is provided with a lower end opening (not marked) connected to the outside of the shell 1. The upper part of the vent cavity 41 forms a breathable membrane mounting cavity 360, and the breathable membrane mounting cavity 360 is arranged in the breathable membrane mounting cavity 360. The vent cavity 41 has at least a circular inner wall 41b coaxially arranged with the above-mentioned central axis. A spiral plate 421 is fixed and sealed or wound around a core column 422, or the spiral plate 421 is integrally connected to the core column 422 (so that it is easy to obtain low-cost and large-scale components through rotational extrusion molding). The upper end of the core column 422 stops on the top inner wall 41a of the vent cavity 41. The radial outer side of the spiral plate 421 is directly pressed against the circular inner wall 41b. In this way, the spiral air passage 420 can be formed between the spiral plate 42 with a core composed of the spiral plate 421 and the core column 422 and the circular inner wall 41b, thereby obtaining a longer blocking path for the fluid in a limited space, so as to effectively prevent the fluid from entering the upper part of the ventilation cavity 41 through the circuitous air passage 17. The jet entering upward from the outside of the shell 1 is blocked by the spiral plate 421 during the rising process. Among them, the upper end of the core column 422 can be abutted and positioned on the top inner wall of the ventilation cavity 31. Preferably, the lower end of the core column 422 can be sleeved in a matching hole 423a provided on an end plate 423, and the end plate 423 can be bonded (for example, bonded to a positioning step formed on the lower end opening of the ventilation cavity 41 by a sealing adhesive 425) or fixed to the lower end opening of the lower end of the ventilation cavity 31 by a tight fit, and an external vent 424 is provided on the end plate 423. In this way, it is possible to more effectively prevent the cored spiral plate 42 from escaping from the ventilation cavity 31. Furthermore, the main shell 11 can be made to protrude into the ventilation cavity 31 to form a liquid baffle (not shown) that blocks the upper end of the spiral ventilation channel 420 and the waterproof breathable membrane 36. Among them, the extension tube 34 is generally oriented outward in the left-right direction ( Fig.17 The right side of the vent cavity 31 extends into the breathable membrane installation cavity 360. At this time, in order to facilitate the installation of the waterproof breathable membrane 36, a side installation port (not marked) can be set on the left and right outer side walls of the vent cavity 31, and covered and sealed by the baffle 142. Among them, the width and height (interlayer height) of the spiral vent 420 are preferably equal to or greater than 2.5 mm. In some other embodiments, the vent cavity 41 can also be formed in the main shell 11 and communicate with the outside of the shell 1 only through the lower end opening, and the extension tube 34 is arranged generally downward, so as to facilitate the waterproof breathable membrane 36 to be directly delivered from the lower end opening of the vent cavity 41 into the breathable membrane installation cavity 360 through the above-mentioned circular inner wall 41b and installed on the outer end of the extension tube 34, and the baffle 142 and its related structures can be omitted.

[0071] See also Fig.18 , Fig.19 . In the twelfth embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the eleventh embodiment, the shell 1 further includes a tube shell 16 combined with the main shell 11, and the circular inner wall 41b is formed on the inner wall of the tube shell 16. The outer wall or the upper end of the tube shell 16 is sealed and connected to the main shell 11. The extension tube 34 is extended downward into a ventilation cavity 41, and the inner ventilation hole 30 directly penetrates the extension tube 34 downward to be connected to the breathable membrane installation cavity 360. In some other embodiments, the ventilation cavity 41 can be connected to the outside of the shell 1 only through the lower end opening, so that the cored spiral plate 42 and the tube shell 16 are first assembled into a component, and then conveniently installed in the ventilation cavity 41.

[0072] In some other embodiments, the tube shell 16 can be a plastic part, and the core spiral plate 42 is fixedly sleeved in a tube shell 16, and then the tube shell 16 is sealed and sleeved on the inner wall of the ventilation cavity 41. In this way, a waterproof breathable membrane 36a can be additionally bonded to the upper end of the tube shell 16; or, the waterproof breathable membrane 3 on the extension tube 34 is omitted, and only the waterproof breathable membrane 36a is retained. In some other schemes, when only the waterproof breathable membrane 36 is retained, the waterproof breathable membrane 36a can be replaced with a circular cover plate (not shown) with a vent, and the vent can avoid the upper end opening of the spiral airway 420 to better block the jet. More preferably, the radial outer side of the spiral plate 421 can form a blade 42a, which can be squeezed and expanded in the plastic tube shell 16, and the tube shell 16 is correspondingly arched outward to form a bulging portion 43a. The bulging portion 43a fits the tube shell 16 of the ventilation cavity 41. The lower end of the tube shell 16 can be integrally connected with an end plate 423. The upper end surface of the end plate 423 abuts against the lower end surface of the main shell 11, and is sealed and fixed to the lower end surface of the main shell 11 by a sealing adhesive 426. The end plate 423 is provided with a matching hole 423a and an external vent 424, and the external vent 424 is merged with the external vent 424 at a connecting port. The matching hole 423a is used to match and communicate with the lower end of the stem 422, and the circumferential angle of the connecting port relative to the end plate 423 is less than 180 degrees (i.e., half a circle) to prevent the stem 422 from escaping therefrom. The size of the external vent 424 is configured as. The spiral plate 421 is allowed to be completely screwed into the vent cavity 31 through the external vent 424, that is, when the cored spiral plate 42 is installed into the tube shell 16, the upper end of the core column 422 can be inserted into the matching hole 423a, so that the spiral plate 421 is continuously screwed in from the external vent 424 until the spiral plate 421 completely passes over the end plate 423. A rotating handle 427 can be fixed to the lower end of the core column 422. The pressure sensor of this embodiment only needs to integrally form a vent cavity 41 of the same specification in the main housing 11 of the pressure sensor for various types of pressure sensors, and can be conveniently assembled on various types of pressure sensors through the assembly formed by the end plate 423 and the cored spiral plate 42, and the cored spiral plate 42 is also easy to be continuously manufactured by plastic extrusion molding.

[0073] See also Fig. 20 In the thirteenth embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the twelfth embodiment, the upper end of the tube shell 16 is bonded to the periphery of the extension tube 34 by a sealing adhesive 34d, instead of connecting and sealing the outer wall of the tube shell 16 and the inner wall of the ventilation cavity 41. In this way, it is easy to make the outer end of the extension tube 34 outside the main shell 11 and to facilitate the installation of the waterproof breathable membrane 36 on the outer end surface of the extension tube 34. Among them, a sealing groove 34c can be formed on the periphery of the extension tube 34, and the upper end of the tube shell 16 extends into the sealing groove 34c and is fixed and sealed with the periphery of the extension tube 34 by the above-mentioned sealing adhesive 34d.

[0074] See also Fig.21 . In the fourteenth embodiment of the present application, on the basis of the thirteenth embodiment, the tube shell 16 can be divided into at least two parts, for example, the tube shell 16 can be split into a first part 16a and a second part 16b along a vertical plane passing through its axis. The first part 16a is close to the side wall of the main shell 11 and is integrally connected to it, and the second part 16b is away from the side wall of the main shell 11 and its upper end is fixed and sealed to the periphery of the extension tube 34. In some other embodiments, the lower end of the second part 16b can also be integrally connected to the end plate 423, so that the cored spiral plate 42, the second part 16b and the end plate 423 can be combined into a component first, and then installed together on the main shell 11.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the narrowest part of the detour vent 17 should have a suitable width, for example, greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, that is, in the ventilation direction of the detour vent, the inscribed circle radius of its vertical cross section should be greater than or equal to 2.5 mm, and preferably less than or equal to 5 mm. In addition to being applicable to the above pressure sensor, the above ventilation structure can also be applied to other sensors or other non-sensor devices that need to communicate with the atmosphere or other environments.

[0076] The scope of the disclosure is defined not by the detailed description but by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents are construed as being included in the disclosure.

Claims

1. A ventilation structure, comprising a ventilation channel for connecting the inner cavity of a housing (1) to the outside of the housing (1), It is characterized in that The vent includes a detour vent (17), an upper end of the detour vent (17) is connected to the inner cavity of the shell (1) after passing through a waterproof breathable membrane (36 / 36a), and a lower end of the detour vent (17) is connected to the outside of the shell (1); the detour vent (17) extends from its lower end to its upper end in a spiral shape around a substantially vertical central axis (X1).

2. The ventilation structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A sealed ventilation cavity (41) is formed in the shell (1), and the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) is connected inwardly to the inner cavity of the shell (1) through an inner ventilation channel; the ventilation cavity (41) has a circular inner wall (41b) coaxially arranged with the central axis (X1), a spiral plate (421) is sealedly wound around a core column (422) and its radial outer edge is close to or abuts against the circular inner wall (41b), and the spiral plate (421), the core column (422) and the circular inner wall (41b) enclose the detour ventilation channel (17).

3. The ventilation structure according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The waterproof breathable membrane (36) is arranged on the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) and covers the outer end of the inner air passage; the outer end of the inner air passage roughly extends into the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) along the left and right directions, and the left and right outer sides of the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) are correspondingly provided with side mounting openings allowing the waterproof breathable membrane (36) to be sent into the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41), or the outer end of the inner air passage roughly extends downward into the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41), and the circular inner wall (41b) allows the waterproof breathable membrane (36) to be sent upward into the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) through its interior.

4. The ventilation structure according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The housing (1) comprises a main housing (11) and a tube shell (16) which are combined together; the waterproof breathable membrane (36a) is covered on the outer end of the inner air passage or the upper end of the tube shell (16); and the circular inner wall (41b) is formed on the inner wall of the tube shell (16).

5. The ventilation structure according to claim 4, It is characterized in that Part or all of the tube shell (16) is integrally connected to the main shell (11), and the waterproof breathable membrane (36) is arranged on the upper part of the ventilation cavity (41) and covers the outer end of the inner ventilation channel.

6. The ventilation structure according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The tube shell (16) comprises a first part (16a) and a second part (16b) which are split along a radial plane and sealed together. The tube shell (16) is integrally connected to the main shell (11), and the upper end of the second part (16b) is sealed and assembled to the main shell (11).

7. The ventilation structure according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The waterproof and breathable membrane (36) is covered on the outer end of the inner air passage, and the upper end of the tube shell (16) is sealed and assembled around the outer end of the inner air passage.

8. The ventilation structure according to claim 4, It is characterized in that It also includes an end plate (423) fixedly sleeved on the lower end of the core column (422), the end plate (423) being fixed to the lower end of the tube shell (16), and an external vent (424) communicating with the outside of the shell (1) being provided on the end plate (423).

9. The ventilation structure according to claim 4, It is characterized in that It also includes a horizontal air duct (35), one end of which is connected to a vent (35a) provided on the lower side wall of the vent cavity (31), and the other end of which is connected downward to the outside of the shell (1) through an external vent (32a).

10. A device, It is characterized in that Comprising the ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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