Mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism and agricultural machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, in particular to a mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism and an agricultural machine. The mechanism comprises an output shaft, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a sliding sleeve, a first limiting piece, an elastic assembly, a driving bevel gear and a reversing assembly. Wherein the sliding sleeve is provided with a first working position and a second working position in the axial direction of the output shaft, the first limiting piece is hinged to the sliding sleeve, and the first limiting piece is provided with a first limiting part. When the scheme is used, the sliding sleeve is adjusted to be located at a first working position through the reversing assembly, the first first limiting part is located in a key groove of the first bevel gear, the second first limiting part is located outside a key groove of the second bevel gear, and the output shaft rotates in the forward direction; when the sliding sleeve is located at the second working position, the first first limiting part is located outside the key groove of the first bevel gear, the second first limiting part is located in the key groove of the second bevel gear, and the output shaft rotates reversely. The overall structure is compact, occupied installation space is small, and forward and reverse rotation of the output shaft can be adjusted conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism and an agricultural machine. Background Art

[0002] There are many kinds of agricultural machinery, including fruit harvesters, rice harvesters, tillers, rice transplanters, sprayers, etc. In order to facilitate the 360-degree turn of agricultural machinery in situ, a forward and reverse mechanism is usually set on the agricultural machinery, which drives the left and right tracks or wheels to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the agricultural machinery can turn 360 degrees in situ.

[0003] At present, there are usually two types of forward and reverse mechanisms in agricultural machinery on the market. One type uses a swash plate hydraulic motor to drive, and changes the direction of the liquid flow to achieve forward and reverse steering of the left and right tracks. The other type uses two sets of planetary gears plus two sets of differential locks to achieve forward and reverse steering of the left and right tracks. Both of the above forward and reverse mechanisms have some disadvantages. First, the existing forward and reverse mechanisms occupy a large installation space; second, the existing forward and reverse mechanisms have a relatively complex structure, which makes the manufacturing and installation costs high. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism and an agricultural machine, aiming to reduce the installation space occupied by the forward and reverse rotation mechanism.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the utility model are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism is provided, comprising:

[0007] The output shaft is provided with a limit hole in the radial direction;

[0008] The first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are both rotatably connected to the output shaft, and at least one keyway is provided on the inner side of each of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear;

[0009] A sliding sleeve, sleeved on the output shaft, wherein the sliding sleeve has a first working position and a second working position along the axial direction of the output shaft;

[0010] At least one group of first limiting members, wherein the group of first limiting members comprises two first limiting members, one end of the first limiting member is hinged to the sliding sleeve, the free end of the first limiting member has a first limiting portion, and the two first limiting portions are far away from each other;

[0011] An elastic component connected to the sliding sleeve, each of the first limiting members is connected to an elastic component, and the elastic component is used to drive the free end of the corresponding first limiting member away from the center of the sliding sleeve;

[0012] A reversing assembly, used for driving the sliding sleeve to move axially along the output shaft;

[0013] When the sliding sleeve is in the first working position, the first first limiting portion is located in the keyway of the first bevel gear, and the second first limiting portion is located outside the keyway of the second bevel gear; when the sliding sleeve is in the second working position, the first first limiting portion is located outside the keyway of the first bevel gear, and the second first limiting portion is located in the keyway of the second bevel gear; when the sliding sleeve is in the first working position and the second working position, at least a part of the first limiting member is located in the limiting hole;

[0014] A driving shaft, wherein the driving shaft is fixedly connected with a driving bevel gear, and the driving bevel gear is meshingly connected with both the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear.

[0015] By adopting the above scheme, the sliding sleeve is adjusted to the first working position through the reversing component, the first first limit portion is located in the keyway of the first bevel gear, and the second first limit portion is located outside the keyway of the second bevel gear, and the active bevel gear can drive the output shaft to rotate in the forward direction; by adjusting the sliding sleeve to the second working position through the reversing component, the first first limit portion is located outside the keyway of the first bevel gear, and the second first limit portion is located in the keyway of the second bevel gear, the active bevel gear can drive the output shaft to rotate in the reverse direction, and the output shaft can be adjusted to rotate forward or reverse by adjusting the position of the sliding sleeve. The overall structure is compact, and the installation space required for the forward and reverse mechanism is effectively reduced.

[0016] The utility model is further configured such that the elastic component includes a second limiter, the second limiter is connected to the inner side of the sleeve, the second limiter is inserted into the limiter hole, and an elastic member is connected between the first limiter and the second limiter on the same side. Through the action of the second limiter and the elastic member, the free end of the first limiter has a tendency to move away from the center of the sleeve, so that the first limiter is easy to enter the corresponding keyway.

[0017] The utility model is further configured such that two keyways are symmetrically provided inside the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the second stopper is hinged to the sliding sleeve, and the free end of the second stopper has a second stopper, and when the first stopper is located in the corresponding first keyway, the second stopper on the same side is located in the corresponding second keyway on the same side. When the output shaft is driven to rotate, the torque is transmitted by the first stopper and the second stopper, so that the transmission between the output shaft and the first bevel gear or the second bevel gear is more stable.

[0018] The utility model is further configured that the first limiting member and the second limiting member are hinged to the sliding sleeve on the inner side of the sliding sleeve. The first limiting member and the second limiting member are both located on the inner side of the sliding sleeve, making the structure more compact and reducing the space occupied by the overall structure.

[0019] The utility model is further configured such that the first limiter and the second limiter are both L-shaped, the hinge points of the sliding sleeve and all the first limiters and the second limiters are provided with mounting holes, and one end of each of the first limiter and the second limiter is hinged in the corresponding mounting hole. One end of each of the first limiter and the second limiter is hinged in the corresponding mounting hole, avoiding the need to set a welding part on the inner side of the sliding sleeve to connect the hinge, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the sliding sleeve and facilitating the installation of the sliding sleeve on the output shaft.

[0020] The utility model is further configured that the sleeve also has a third working position, the third working position is located between the first working position and the second working position, and when the sleeve is in the third working position, the first limiting part and the second limiting part are both located outside the keyway on the corresponding side. When the sleeve is in the third working position, the first limiting part and the second limiting part are both located outside the keyway on the corresponding side, so that the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are both in an idling state, so that the output shaft can be in a neutral state. In addition, when in use, it is possible to switch forward and reverse under load. Specifically, when the sleeve is in the first working position, the first first limiting part is located in the keyway of the first bevel gear, and the active bevel gear drives the output shaft to rotate forward; when the output shaft needs to be switched to reverse, there is no need to stop the active shaft from rotating. When the active shaft is rotating, the sleeve is switched to the third working position through the reversing component, so that the output shaft is in an idling state; when the output shaft stops rotating, the sleeve is switched to the second working position through the reversing component, so that the second first limiting part is located in the keyway of the second bevel gear, thereby driving the output shaft to reverse. When the sliding sleeve is in any working position, the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the driving shaft all keep rotating. Since there is no need to stop the rotation of the driving shaft, there is no need to frequently start or shut down the power output device used to drive the driving shaft to rotate.

[0021] The utility model is further configured that a limit ring is provided at the intersection of the output shaft and the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the limit ring is sleeved on the output shaft, the first limit part and the second limit part are both triangular, and when the sleeve is located at the third working position, the tips of the first limit part and the second limit part are both in contact with the inner ring of the limit ring on the same side. The limit ring cooperates with the corresponding first limit part and the second limit part, so that the free end of the first limit member and the second limit member on the corresponding side are close, so that the elastic member has greater elastic potential energy, so that when the working position of the sleeve is switched, the first limit part and the second limit part can be more quickly ejected into the corresponding key slot, so that the first limit part and the second limit part enter the corresponding key slot more smoothly.

[0022] The utility model is further configured as follows: the reversing assembly includes a fixed rod, a driving member and a swing arm, the driving member is slidably connected to the fixed rod, the driving member includes a connecting head and a paddle connected to each other, a slide groove is provided on the connecting head, a transmission rod and a transmission pin are fixedly connected to the two ends of the swing arm respectively, the swing arm can swing with the transmission rod as the center, the transmission pin is movably connected in the slide groove, a guide groove is provided in the circumferential direction on the outer side of the sliding sleeve, and one end of the paddle is slidably connected in the guide groove. The swing arm is driven to swing by rotating the transmission rod, and the transmission pin connected to one end of the swing arm slides in the slide groove, thereby driving the driving member to slide along the axial direction of the fixed rod, and the sliding sleeve is driven to slide along the longitudinal direction of the output shaft through the cooperation of the paddle and the guide groove, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the position of the sliding sleeve on the output shaft.

[0023] The utility model is further configured that the end of the paddle close to the guide groove is arc-shaped and matches the guide groove. Since the end of the paddle close to the guide groove is arc-shaped, the paddle and the guide groove can be stably transmitted when the sliding sleeve rotates.

[0024] In a second aspect, an agricultural machine is also provided, comprising the mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism described in any one of the above items.

[0025] In summary, the mechanical forward and reverse mechanism and agricultural machine provided by the utility model have at least the following features:

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The forward and reverse mechanism has a compact structure, which reduces the required installation space.

[0028] 2. The forward and reverse mechanism has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost;

[0029] 3. It can realize the switching between forward and reverse rotation in motion state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any novel labor.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 3 is a left side view of the embodiment;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second bevel gear in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sliding sleeve in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which two forward and reverse mechanisms are assembled together.

[0038] In the figure: output shaft 1, limiting hole 2, first bevel gear 3, second bevel gear 4, sliding sleeve 5, first limiting member 6, first limiting portion 7, elastic component 8, second limiting member 81, second limiting portion 82, elastic member 83, reversing component 9, fixing rod 91, driving member 92, connecting head 921, paddle 922, slide groove 923, swing arm 93, transmission rod 94, transmission pin 95, driving shaft 10, driving bevel gear 11, keyway 12, mounting hole 13, limiting retaining ring 14, guide groove 15, driving gear 16, input shaft 17, input gear 18, groove 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the utility model, the following Figure 1-7 The utility model is further described in detail with specific implementation methods.

[0040] See also Figure 1-6The present embodiment provides a mechanical forward and reverse mechanism, comprising: an output shaft 1, a first bevel gear 3, a second bevel gear 4, a sleeve 5, a first stopper 6, an elastic component 8, a reversing component 9, an active shaft 10 and an active bevel gear 11. The output shaft 1 is provided with a limit hole 2 in the radial direction, and the limit hole 2 passes through the upper and lower sides of the output shaft 1. The end of the output shaft 1 is used to connect with the transmission part of the crawler or wheel of the agricultural machinery. The first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 are both rotatably connected to the output shaft 1, and at least one keyway 12 is provided on the inner side of the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4. The sleeve 5 is sleeved on the output shaft 1, and the sleeve 5 has a first working position, a third working position and a second working position from left to right along the axial direction of the output shaft 1. It also includes at least one group of first stoppers 6, and a group of first stoppers 6 includes two first stoppers 6, and the two first stoppers 6 are arranged symmetrically about the center of the sleeve 5, and the two first stoppers 6 are at least partially penetrated in the stopper hole 2. The ends of the two first limit members 6 that are close to each other are both hinged to the sleeve 5, and the free ends of the first limit members 6 have a first limit portion 7, and the two first limit portions 7 are away from each other, and the first limit portion 7 protrudes outward along the radial direction of the sleeve 5 in a direction away from the center of the sleeve 5. The elastic component 8 is connected to the sleeve 5, and the first limit members 6 are all connected with the elastic component 8, and the elastic component 8 is used to drive the free end of the corresponding first limit member 6 away from the center of the sleeve 5. The reversing component 9 is used to drive the sleeve 5 to move axially along the output shaft 1. When the sleeve 5 is in the first working position, the first first limit portion 7 is located in the keyway 12 of the first bevel gear 3, and the second first limit portion 7 is located outside the keyway 12 of the second bevel gear 4. When the sleeve 5 is in the second working position, the first first limiting portion 7 is located outside the keyway 12 of the first bevel gear 3, and the second first limiting portion 7 is located inside the keyway 12 of the second bevel gear 4. When the sleeve 5 is in the first working position and the second working position, the lower section of the first limiting member 6 is located in the limiting hole 2; when the sleeve 5 is in the third working position, the first limiting portion 7 and the second limiting portion 82 are both located outside the keyway 12 on the corresponding side. The driving shaft 10 is fixedly connected with the driving bevel gear 11, and the driving shaft 10 is used to connect with the power input part of the agricultural machinery. The driving bevel gear 11 is meshed and connected with the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4. The driving shaft 10 is also fixedly connected with the driving gear 16. The driving gear 16 and the driving bevel gear 11 preferably adopt a double gear with a bevel gear and a gear in the prior art, so as to facilitate the connection with the power output part of the agricultural machinery through the driving gear 11.

[0041] By adopting the above scheme, the installation space of the forward and reverse rotation structure can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In the initial state, the sleeve 5 is located in the third working position. When in use, by driving the active shaft 10 to rotate, the active shaft 10 drives the active bevel gear 11 to rotate, and the active bevel gear 11 simultaneously drives the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 to rotate. At this time, the output shaft 1 has no transmission connection with the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4, and the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 are both in an idling state. Since the rotation directions of the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 are opposite, when the output shaft 1 is in transmission connection with the first bevel gear 3, the first bevel gear 3 can be driven to rotate forward; when the output shaft 1 is in transmission connection with the second bevel gear 4, the output shaft 1 can be driven to reverse. Specifically, the sleeve 5 is located in the third position as the initial state. When forward rotation is required, the reversing component 9 drives the sleeve 5 to switch from the third working position to the first working position. After the sleeve 5 reaches the first working position, the first limiting member 6 on the left side moves to the upper left under the action of the elastic assembly 8, so as to enter the keyway 12 of the first bevel gear 3. When the first limiting member 7 on the left side enters the keyway 12, since part of the first limiting member 6 on the left side is still located in the limiting hole 2, the output shaft 1 and the first bevel gear 3 can rotate synchronously. When reversing is required, the sleeve 5 is driven to switch from the third working position to the second working position through the reversing assembly 9. After the sleeve 5 reaches the second working position, the first limiting member 6 on the right side moves to the upper right under the action of the elastic assembly 8, so as to enter the keyway 12 of the second bevel gear 4. When the first limiting member 7 on the right side enters the keyway 12, since part of the first limiting member 6 on the right side is still located in the limiting hole 2, the output shaft 1 and the second bevel gear 4 can rotate synchronously. Thereby achieving the effect of conveniently switching the output shaft 1 to forward or reverse rotation.

[0042] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 The elastic component 8 includes a second limit member 81, and the second limit member 81 and the corresponding first limit member 6 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the axis of the sliding sleeve 5 as the center line. The ends of the two second limit members 81 that are close to each other are hinged to the sliding sleeve 5, and the second limit members 81 are located on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 5. The two second limit members 81 are both inserted into the limit hole 2. An elastic member 83 is commonly connected between the first limit member 6 and the second limit member 81 on the same side. The elastic member 83 can specifically adopt an existing spring or elastic sheet. Through the elastic force of the elastic member 83, the first limit member 6 and the corresponding second limit member 81 have a tendency to move away from each other, so that the first limit portion 7 can easily enter the corresponding key slot 12.

[0043] See also Figure 2In order to enhance the transmission stability between the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 and the output shaft 1, further, the inner sides of the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 are symmetrically provided with two upper and lower keyways 12 with the axis as the center line. The free end of the second limiting member 81 has a second limiting portion 82. When the first limiting portion 7 is located in the corresponding first keyway 12, the second limiting portion 82 on the same side is located in the corresponding second keyway 12 on the same side. The first limiting member 6 connects the first keyway 12 on the same side to the output shaft 1, and the second limiting member 81 connects the second keyway 12 on the same side to the output shaft 1, so that the output shaft 1 is connected to the two keyways 12 on the same side, thereby enhancing the transmission stability between the output shaft 1 and the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4.

[0044] See also Figure 4 In order to make the overall structure of the forward and reverse mechanism compact, further, the first limiter 6 and the second limiter 81 are hinged to the sleeve 5 on the inner side of the sleeve 5, and the first limiter 6 and the second limiter 81 are both inserted into the limiter hole 2. The first limiter 6 and the second limiter 81 are both L-shaped, and mounting holes 13 are provided at the hinge points of the sleeve 5 and all the first limiters 6 and the second limiters 81, and one end of the first limiter 6 and the second limiter 81 is hinged in the corresponding mounting hole 13. Since one end of the first limiter 6 and the second limiter 81 are both hinged in the corresponding mounting hole 13, the mounting hole 13 on the sleeve 5 can be formed by cutting, avoiding the need to set a welding part on the inner side of the sleeve 5 to install the hinge, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the sleeve 5. At the same time, since there is no part protruding from the surface on the inner side of the sleeve 5, it is also convenient for the sleeve 5 to be installed on the output shaft 1.

[0045] Please continue reading Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5In order to enable the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 to spring into the corresponding key slot 12 more quickly when switching the working position of the sliding sleeve 5, the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 can enter the corresponding key slot 12 more smoothly. Furthermore, a limiting retaining ring 14 is provided at the intersection of the output shaft 1 and the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4. The limiting retaining ring 14 is sleeved on the output shaft 1, and the limiting retaining ring 14 can rotate relative to the output shaft 1. The first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 are both triangular. When the sliding sleeve 5 is located at the third working position, the tips of the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 abut against the inner ring of the limiting retaining ring 14 on the same side. Since the tips of the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 8 are both in contact with the limiting retaining ring 14 on the same side, the two are close to each other, thereby further compressing the elastic member 83, so that the elastic member 83 has a higher elastic potential energy, so that the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 8 can be more quickly ejected into the corresponding key slot 12. When the sleeve 5 is located at the first working position, the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 on the left side are both inserted into the corresponding key slot 12 on the left side, and the inner ring of the limiting retaining ring 14 contacts the inclined surface on the right side of the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82; the inclined surface of the second limiting part 82 on the right side and the inclined surface of the second limiting part 82 on the right side are both in contact with the inner ring of the limiting retaining ring 14 on the right side. When the sleeve 5 switches from the first working position to the third working position, the inclined surfaces of the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 on the right side cooperate with the inner ring of the limiting retaining ring 14 on the right side, which guides the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 on the right side, making it easier for the first limiting part 7 and the second limiting part 82 to be reset. In order to prevent the limit ring 14 from shifting on the output shaft 1, a groove 19 for installing the limit ring 14 is provided on the opposite side of the first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4. The groove 19 is annular and the limit ring 14 is located in the groove 19. The left and right ends of the output shaft 1 are provided with a reduced diameter section, and the middle section is an expanded diameter section. The first bevel gear 3 and the second bevel gear 4 are both installed on the reduced diameter section, and the limit ring 14 is located on the reduced diameter section. The step formed at the intersection of the reduced diameter section and the expanded diameter section and the groove 19 on the corresponding side jointly limit the limit ring 14, thereby preventing the limit ring 14 from moving along the longitudinal direction of the output shaft 1.

[0046] See also Figure 2In some embodiments, the reversing assembly 9 includes a fixed rod 91, a driving member 92 and a swing arm 93, and the fixed rod 91 is fixedly connected in the agricultural machine. The driving member 92 is slidably connected to the fixed rod 91, and the driving member 92 includes a connecting head 921 and a paddle 922 connected to each other, and a slide groove 923 is provided on the connecting head 921. The two ends of the swing arm 93 are respectively fixedly connected to a transmission rod 94 and a transmission pin 95, and the swing arm 93 can swing around the transmission rod 94, and the transmission pin 95 is movably connected in the slide groove 923, and the transmission pin 95 can slide in the slide groove 923. A guide groove 15 is provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve 5 along the circumferential direction, and one end of the paddle 922 is slidably connected in the guide groove 15, and the end of the paddle 922 close to the guide groove 15 is an arc that matches the guide groove 15.

[0047] Also, see Figure 7 , this embodiment also provides an agricultural machine, including the above-mentioned mechanical forward and reverse mechanism. When the above-mentioned mechanical forward and reverse mechanism is installed on the agricultural machine, the first forward and reverse mechanism is connected to the track or wheel on the left side of the agricultural machine, and the second forward and reverse mechanism is connected to the track or wheel on the right side. The driving gears 16 in the two forward and reverse mechanisms are connected by an input gear 18, and the output gear is fixedly connected to the input shaft 17. The input shaft 17 is driven to rotate by the power input mechanism of the agricultural machine, and the input gear 18 synchronously drives the two driving gears 16 to rotate, thereby synchronously driving the two forward and reverse mechanisms. By driving the two forward and reverse mechanisms to reverse, the left and right tracks or wheels can be driven to rotate in the opposite direction, achieving the effect of turning the agricultural machine in place, and the two forward and reverse mechanisms can also be driven to rotate in the same direction, so as to drive the agricultural machine forward or backward.

[0048] It should be noted that the words indicating direction in this article, such as up and down, are all based on Figure 1 The setting of the direction is only for the convenience of description and has no other specific meaning.

[0049] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the above elements.

[0050] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the utility model. The above examples are only used to help understand the core idea of ​​the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the utility model, the utility model can also be improved and modified, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A mechanical forward and reverse mechanism, characterized in that: include: The output shaft (1) is provided with a limiting hole (2) in a radial direction; The first bevel gear (3) and the second bevel gear (4) are both rotatably connected to the output shaft (1), and each has at least one keyway (12) formed on its inner side; A sliding sleeve (5) is sleeved on the output shaft (1), and the sliding sleeve (5) has a first working position and a second working position along the axial direction of the output shaft (1); at least one group of first limiting members (6), wherein the group of first limiting members (6) comprises two first limiting members (6), one end of the first limiting member (6) is hinged to the sliding sleeve (5), the free end of the first limiting member (6) has a first limiting portion (7), and the two first limiting portions (7) are away from each other; An elastic component (8) connected to the sliding sleeve (5), each of the first limiting members (6) being connected to the elastic component (8), and the elastic component (8) being used to drive the free end of the corresponding first limiting member (6) away from the center of the sliding sleeve (5); A reversing assembly (9) for driving the sliding sleeve (5) to move axially along the output shaft (1); When the sliding sleeve (5) is in the first working position, the first first limiting portion (7) is located in the keyway (12) of the first bevel gear (3), and the second first limiting portion (7) is located outside the keyway (12) of the second bevel gear (4); when the sliding sleeve (5) is in the second working position, the first first limiting portion (7) is located outside the keyway (12) of the first bevel gear (3), and the second first limiting portion (7) is located in the keyway (12) of the second bevel gear (4); when the sliding sleeve (5) is in the first working position and the second working position, at least a part of the first limiting member (6) is located in the limiting hole (2); A driving shaft (10), wherein the driving shaft (10) is fixedly connected to a driving bevel gear (11), and the driving bevel gear (11) is meshingly connected to both the first bevel gear (3) and the second bevel gear (4).

2. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic component (8) comprises a second limiting member (81), the second limiting member (81) is connected to the inner side of the sliding sleeve (5), the second limiting member (81) is inserted into the limiting hole (2), and an elastic member (83) is commonly connected between the first limiting member (6) and the second limiting member (81) on the same side.

3. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Two keyways (12) are symmetrically provided on the inner sides of the first bevel gear (3) and the second bevel gear (4); the second limiting member (81) is hinged to the sliding sleeve (5); the free end of the second limiting member (81) has a second limiting portion (82); when the first limiting portion (7) is located in the corresponding first keyway (12), the second limiting portion (82) on the same side is located in the corresponding second keyway (12) on the same side.

4. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first limiting member (6) and the second limiting member (81) are hinged to the sliding sleeve (5) on the inner side of the sliding sleeve (5).

5. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The first limiting member (6) and the second limiting member (81) are both L-shaped, and mounting holes (13) are provided at the hinge points between the sliding sleeve (5) and all the first limiting members (6) and the second limiting members (81), and one end of each of the first limiting member (6) and the second limiting member (81) is hinged in the corresponding mounting hole (13).

6. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding sleeve (5) also has a third working position, which is located between the first working position and the second working position. When the sliding sleeve (5) is in the third working position, the first limiting portion (7) and the second limiting portion (82) are both located outside the keyway (12) on the corresponding side.

7. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A limit ring (14) is provided at the intersection of the output shaft (1) and the first bevel gear (3) and the second bevel gear (4); the limit ring (14) is sleeved on the output shaft (1); the first limit portion (7) and the second limit portion (82) are both triangular; when the sliding sleeve (5) is located at the third working position, the tips of the first limit portion (7) and the second limit portion (82) abut against the inner ring of the limit ring (14) on the same side.

8. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The reversing assembly (9) comprises a fixed rod (91), a driving member (92) and a swing arm (93); the driving member (92) is slidably connected to the fixed rod (91); the driving member (92) comprises a connecting head (921) and a paddle (922) connected to each other; the connecting head (921) is provided with a slide groove (923); two ends of the swing arm (93) are respectively fixedly connected with a transmission rod (94) and a transmission pin (95); the swing arm (93) can swing around the transmission rod (94); the transmission pin (95) is movably connected in the slide groove (923); a guide groove (15) is circumferentially provided on the outer side of the sliding sleeve (5); one end of the paddle (922) is slidably connected in the guide groove (15).

9. A mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: One end of the paddle (922) close to the guide groove (15) is in an arc shape that fits with the guide groove (15).

10. An agricultural machine, characterized in that: It comprises a mechanical forward and reverse rotation mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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