Nail extractor for orthopedics department

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of orthopedic appliances, and particularly relates to an orthopedic nail extractor which comprises a limb supporting frame, the top end of the limb supporting frame is connected with an air storage shell in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the air storage shell is coaxially and rotationally connected with a nail extracting shell, and first sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in the lower edge of the circumferential wall of the nail extracting shell in a penetrating mode; an auxiliary mechanism is slidably arranged in the first sliding groove, a second sliding groove is formed in the interior of the top wall of the nail taking shell, a transmission mechanism in transmission fit with the transmission gear is arranged in the second sliding groove, a nail taking motor rotates in one direction to drive an air pressure ring plate, an arc-shaped clamping plate of the auxiliary mechanism clamps the side wall of a bone nail through airflow, and it is ensured that the bone nail is stable; the thread slipping phenomenon is prevented; meanwhile, airflow pushes a sliding rack of a transmission mechanism to be movably connected with a transmission gear to achieve rotation of a nail taking shell, so that the bone nails are reversely rotated, the displacement stroke amount is provided through the design of a limb supporting frame, and reverse taking of the bone nails is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of orthopedic instruments, in particular to an orthopedic nail remover. Background Art

[0002] In orthopedic surgery, internal fixation of fracture sites is an important means of treating fractures. At present, bone screws and steel plates are commonly used in clinical practice to fix fracture sites. After being implanted in the human body for a period of time, bone screws need to be removed to avoid complications that may be caused by long-term presence in the body.

[0003] Since bone screws are in the patient's body for a long time, they are prone to corrosion or adhesion, which makes the connection between the bone screws and the bones tighter. During the nail removal process, existing orthopedic nail removers usually rotate the bone screws in the opposite direction to remove them. However, due to the influence of corrosion or adhesion, thread slippage is likely to occur during the reverse rotation process, making it difficult to remove the bone screws.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for an orthopedic nail remover to solve the technical problem of thread slippage that easily occurs during the reverse rotation nail removal process in the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an orthopedic nail remover, which utilizes the unidirectional rotation of the nail removal motor to drive the air pressure ring plate to move, and under the action of the airflow, the auxiliary mechanism can clamp the side wall of the bone screw to avoid thread slippage during the subsequent bone screw removal process. At the same time, the transmission mechanism and the transmission gear are movably connected to drive the nail removal shell to rotate, thereby realizing the reverse rotation of the bone screw.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the scheme provides an orthopedic nail remover, including a limb support frame for placing a limb to be nailed, the top of the limb support frame is slidably connected with an air storage shell, and a driven ring is rotatably connected to the circumferential wall of the air storage shell, so that the driven ring and the nail removal shell rotate coaxially to avoid blockage or dislocation of the air flow channel, and the circumferential wall of the driven ring is fixedly connected with a first pipeline in a through-type manner, which is used to transmit the gas in the inner cavity of the air storage shell to the first slide groove to form an air flow channel and provide a driving source for the auxiliary mechanism, and a pneumatic ring plate is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the air storage shell to compress the gas, and a nail removal motor is fixedly provided on the top of the air storage shell to provide rotational power, and a transmission shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the machine shaft of the nail removal motor, and the bottom end of the transmission shaft passes through the air storage shell, and the bottom end of the transmission shaft is fixedly provided with a transmission gear, and the transmission shaft is threadedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the pneumatic ring plate to realize the pneumatic ring plate The cam is provided with a first gear which is adapted to move the first gear of the piston rod upwardly and downwardly, and the second gear is provided with a second gear which is adapted to move the first gear toward the piston rod upwardly and downwardly.

[0007] Furthermore, the auxiliary mechanism includes a sliding shaft, a sliding cylinder and an arc splint; the sliding shaft is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first sliding groove, slides in the first sliding groove, transmits airflow to drive the arc splint to move, the axis of the sliding shaft is penetrated by a first airway, the air inlet of the second pipeline penetrates the circumferential side wall of the sliding shaft and is through-connected with the first airway, the end of the sliding shaft away from the nail removal tube is fixedly provided with a first spring, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first sliding groove, providing a restoring force for the arc splint to reset in a non-working state, the sliding cylinder is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first airway, the sliding cylinder is a hollow cylindrical structure with an open end, a switching airway is penetrated on the circumferential wall of the sliding cylinder, which is used to control the conduction and cutoff of the second pipeline, the sliding cylinder is set at an opening at one end away from the nail removal tube, the open end of the sliding cylinder is fixedly provided with a second spring, the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first airway, and the arc splint is fixedly provided at an end of the sliding cylinder close to the nail removal tube, providing clamping force to prevent the bone nail from sliding during the nail removal process.

[0008] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a sliding rack and a first return spring. The sliding rack is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove, and transmits rotational power after interfering with the tooth groove of the transmission gear. One end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to an end of the sliding rack away from the transmission gear, and the other end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove, providing a restoring force for resetting the sliding rack in a non-working state.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper section of the transmission shaft is a threaded rod, and the threaded rod is threadedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the pneumatic ring plate, and the threaded connection relationship is used to drive the pneumatic ring plate to move linearly. The lower section of the transmission shaft is a smooth rod without threads to prevent the pneumatic ring plate from continuing to move downward. A second return spring is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the pneumatic ring plate, and the other end of the second return spring is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the air storage shell to prevent the pneumatic ring plate from slipping under the action of gravity and ensure that the pneumatic ring plate can maintain a threaded connection with the threaded rod when the nail removal motor performs a reverse rotation operation.

[0010] Furthermore, the limb support frame includes an arc-shaped base, a support rod and a sliding rod. The support rod is symmetrically fixed at the top of the arc-shaped base. One end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to an end of the support rod close to the air storage shell. The sliding rod is slidably engaged with the air storage shell to provide a displacement stroke during the bone screw removal process.

[0011] The beneficial effects achieved by the utility model using the above structure are as follows:

[0012] (1) During the unidirectional rotation of the nail removal motor, the air pressure ring plate is driven to move in the air storage shell, and the air flow is pressed out of the air storage shell. The air flow pushes the arc-shaped splint to move toward the bone screw, providing a clamping force to prevent the thread from slipping during the nail removal process; at the same time, after the arc-shaped splint contacts the bone screw, it pushes the slide tube to move in the opposite direction to conduct the second pipeline, so that the air pressure drives the sliding rack to engage with the tooth groove of the transmission gear, and the rotation of the nail removal motor drives the rotation of the nail removal shell, and the rotation of the nail removal tube removes the bone screw;

[0013] (2) The design of the driven ring allows the driven ring to rotate with the nail removal housing during the nail removal process, thereby ensuring that the first pipeline remains unobstructed throughout the nail removal process, avoiding blockage or dislocation of the air flow channel caused by the rotation of the nail removal housing, and ensuring the continuity and stability of the air pressure drive;

[0014] (3) The arc-shaped base design can better adapt to the shape of different patients' limbs and provide stable support. The design of the sliding rod allows the air storage shell to move up and down during the nail removal process, adapting to the removal of bone nails at different depths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an orthopedic nail remover proposed by the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas storage housing and the nail removal housing proposed in the utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas storage housing and nail removal housing proposed in the utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of part A;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of part B;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limb support frame proposed by the utility model;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nail removing motor and the transmission shaft proposed by the utility model.

[0022] Among them, 1. limb support frame, 11. arc-shaped base, 12. support rod, 13. sliding rod, 2. air storage shell, 21. driven ring, 22. air pressure ring plate, 221. second return spring, 23. transmission shaft, 231. threaded rod body, 232. smooth rod body, 24. nail removal motor, 25. transmission gear, 3. nail removal shell, 31. nail removal tube, 32. first slide groove, 33. first pipeline, 35. auxiliary mechanism, 351. sliding shaft, 3511. first airway, 3512. first spring, 352. slide cylinder, 3521. switching airway, 3522. second spring, 353. arc-shaped splint, 36. second slide groove, 37. second pipeline, 38. transmission mechanism, 381. sliding rack, 382. first return spring.

[0023] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0025] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 7The present embodiment provides an orthopedic nail remover, comprising a limb support frame 1, the top of the limb support frame 1 is slidably connected to an air storage shell 2, the limb support frame 1 comprises an arc-shaped base 11, a support rod 12 and a sliding rod 13, the support rod 12 is symmetrically fixedly arranged at the top of the arc-shaped base 11, the sliding rod 13 is fixedly connected to the upper end side wall of the support rod 12, and the sliding rod 13 is slidably engaged with the air storage shell 2; a driven ring 21 is rotatably connected to the circumferential wall of the air storage shell 2, a first pipeline 33 is fixedly connected to the circumferential wall of the driven ring 21 in a through-type manner, an air pressure ring plate 22 is slidably engaged in the inner cavity of the air storage shell 2, a nail removal motor 24 is fixedly arranged at the top of the air storage shell 2, and a transmission shaft 2 is coaxially fixedly connected to the machine shaft of the nail removal motor 24 3. The bottom end of the transmission shaft 23 passes through the gas storage housing 2, and a transmission gear 25 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the transmission shaft 23. The upper section of the transmission shaft 23 is a threaded rod 231, and the lower section of the transmission shaft 23 is a smooth rod 232 without threads. The threaded rod 231 is threadedly connected with the inner circumferential wall of the air pressure ring plate 22, and a second return spring 221 is coaxially fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the air pressure ring plate 22, and the other end of the second return spring 221 is fixedly connected with the inner bottom wall of the gas storage housing 2; the bottom end of the gas storage housing 2 is coaxially rotatably connected with a nail removal housing 3, and a nail removal tube 31 is fixedly arranged on the inner top wall of the nail removal housing 3, and a first slide groove 32 is symmetrically penetrated at the lower edge of the circumferential wall of the nail removal housing 3, and one end of the first slide groove 32 away from the nail removal tube 31 is connected to the first tube The air outlet of the first airway 33 is fixedly connected through the first slide groove 32, and an auxiliary mechanism 35 is slidably provided in the first slide groove 32, and the auxiliary mechanism 35 includes a sliding shaft 351, a sliding cylinder 352 and an arc-shaped clamping plate 353; the sliding shaft 351 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first slide groove 32, and the axis of the sliding shaft 351 is penetrated by a first airway 3511, and the air inlet of the second pipeline 37 penetrates the circumferential side wall of the sliding shaft 351 and is connected to the first airway 3511 through the second pipeline 37. The second pipeline 37 is an elastic hose, and the end of the sliding shaft 351 away from the nail removal tube 31 is fixedly provided with a first spring 3512, and the other end of the first spring 3512 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first slide groove 32, and the sliding cylinder 352 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first airway 3511, and the sliding cylinder 352 is one end The open hollow cylinder structure has a switching airway 3521 on the circumferential wall of the slide 352. The slide 352 is opened at one end away from the nail removal tube 31. A second spring 3522 is fixedly arranged at the open end of the slide 352. The other end of the second spring 3522 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first airway 3511. The arc-shaped clamping plate 353 is fixedly arranged at one end of the slide 352 close to the nail removal tube 31. A second slide groove 36 is opened inside the top wall of the nail removal shell 3. The second slide groove 36 is fixedly connected to the second pipe 37 at one end away from the nail removal tube 31. The air inlet of the second pipe 37 is fixedly connected to the auxiliary mechanism 35. A transmission mechanism 38 that cooperates with the transmission gear 25 is arranged in the second slide groove 36.The transmission mechanism 38 includes a sliding rack 381 and a first return spring 382. The sliding rack 381 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove 36. In the initial state, the sliding rack 381 and the transmission gear 25 are separated from each other. After the sliding rack 381 moves along the second slide groove 36, it can mesh with the tooth groove of the transmission gear 25. One end of the first return spring 382 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding rack 381 away from the transmission gear 25, and the other end of the first return spring 382 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove 36. ;

[0026] In this embodiment, the limb to be removed is placed on the arc base 11 so that the top of the bone screw is located in the nail removal tube 31. After the nail removal motor 24 is started, the nail removal motor 24 rotates forward. Under the action of the threaded connection between the threaded rod body 231 and the air pressure ring plate 22, the air pressure ring plate 22 moves downward along the inner wall of the gas storage shell 2 to press the gas in the gas storage shell 2 out. The air flow is transmitted to the first slide groove 32 through the first pipe 33. Under the action of the air flow, the sliding shaft 351 and the arc splint 353 are pushed toward the bone screw. The first spring 3512 is stretched. After the arc splint 353 contacts the bone screw, the two arc splints 353 clamp the side wall of the bone screw to avoid slippage in the subsequent nail removal process. The arc splint 353 is blocked by the bone screw and cannot continue to move, while the sliding shaft 351 will continue to move under the action of air pressure, so that the second spring 3522 is compressed The sliding shaft 351 continues to move toward the bone screw until the switching airway 3521 is connected to the second pipe 37, and the air flow is transmitted to the second slide groove 36 through the first airway 3511, the switching airway 3521, and the second pipe 37. The air flow pushes the sliding rack 381 to move toward the transmission gear 25, and the sliding rack 381 moves to the tooth groove of the transmission gear 25 to mesh, and the nail removal motor 24 rotates to drive the nail removal housing 3 to rotate, and the nail removal tube 31 rotates with the nail removal housing 3, and the nail removal tube 31 drives the bone screw to rotate to remove the bone screw. During the upward movement of the bone screw, the nail removal housing 3 and the gas storage housing 2 are pushed up, and the gas storage housing 2 moves upward along the direction of the sliding rod 13 to remove the bone screw; it should be noted that since the first pipe 33 is connected with the first slide groove 32 and the driven ring 21 in a through-type manner, the driven ring 21 rotates with the nail removal housing 3;

[0027] It should be noted that when the nail removal motor 24 rotates forward, the threaded rod 231 and the pneumatic ring plate 22 are threadedly connected, and the pneumatic ring plate 22 moves downward along the inner wall of the gas storage shell 2. After moving down to the smooth rod 232, the pneumatic ring plate 22 no longer displaces the compressed gas downward. At the same time, the pneumatic ring plate 22 is supported by the second return spring 221 to maintain the stable state of the pneumatic ring plate 22. When the nail removal is completed, the nail removal motor 24 rotates in the opposite direction, and the elastic force of the second return spring 221 causes the pneumatic ring plate 22 to be threadedly connected to the threaded rod 231 again and gradually move upward along the inner wall of the gas storage shell 2 until it returns to its initial position.

[0028] The above description of the utility model and its implementation methods is not restrictive. The drawings show only one implementation method of the utility model, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention of the utility model, they should all fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An orthopedic nail remover, comprising a limb support frame (1), characterized in that: The top of the limb support frame (1) is slidably connected to an air storage shell (2), a driven ring (21) is rotatably connected to the circumferential wall of the air storage shell (2), a first pipe (33) is fixedly connected to the circumferential wall of the driven ring (21), a pneumatic ring plate (22) is slidably engaged in the inner cavity of the air storage shell (2), a nail removal motor (24) is fixedly provided at the top of the air storage shell (2), a transmission shaft (23) is coaxially fixedly connected to the shaft of the nail removal motor (24), the bottom end of the transmission shaft (23) passes through the air storage shell (2), a transmission gear (25) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the transmission shaft (23), the bottom end of the air storage shell (2) is coaxially rotatably connected to the nail removal shell (3), the nail removal shell ( 3), a nail removal tube (31) is fixedly provided on the inner top wall, a first slide groove (32) is symmetrically penetrated on the lower edge of the circumferential wall of the nail removal shell (3), one end of the first slide groove (32) away from the nail removal tube (31) is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the first pipe (33) in a through-type manner, an auxiliary mechanism (35) is slidably provided in the first slide groove (32), a second slide groove (36) is provided in the top wall of the nail removal shell (3), one end of the second slide groove (36) away from the nail removal tube (31) is fixedly connected to the second pipe (37), the air inlet of the second pipe (37) is fixedly connected to the auxiliary mechanism (35), and a transmission mechanism (38) is provided in the second slide groove (36) for transmission with the transmission gear (25); The auxiliary mechanism (35) comprises a sliding shaft (351), a sliding cylinder (352) and an arc-shaped clamping plate (353); the sliding shaft (351) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first sliding groove (32); the axis of the sliding shaft (351) is penetrated by a first airway (3511); the air inlet of the second pipe (37) penetrates the circumferential side wall of the sliding shaft (351) and is in through communication with the first airway (3511); the end of the sliding shaft (351) away from the nail removal tube (31) is fixedly provided with a first spring (3512); the other end of the first spring (3512) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first sliding groove (32); The slide cylinder (352) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the first airway (3511), the slide cylinder (352) is a hollow cylinder structure with one end open, a switching airway (3521) is penetrated on the circumferential wall of the slide cylinder (352), the slide cylinder (352) is arranged at one end open away from the nail removal tube (31), a second spring (3522) is fixedly arranged at the open end of the slide cylinder (352), the other end of the second spring (3522) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first airway (3511), and the arc-shaped clamping plate (353) is fixedly arranged at one end of the slide cylinder (352) close to the nail removal tube (31); The transmission mechanism (38) comprises a sliding rack (381) and a first return spring (382), wherein the sliding rack (381) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove (36), one end of the first return spring (382) is fixedly connected to an end of the sliding rack (381) away from the transmission gear (25), and the other end of the first return spring (382) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second slide groove (36); The upper section of the transmission shaft (23) is a threaded rod body (231), and the lower section of the transmission shaft (23) is a smooth rod body (232) without threads. The threaded rod body (231) is threadedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the air pressure ring plate (22). A second return spring (221) is coaxially fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the air pressure ring plate (22), and the other end of the second return spring (221) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the air storage housing (2).

2. The orthopedic nail remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limb support frame (1) comprises an arc-shaped base (11), a support rod (12) and a sliding rod (13); the support rod (12) is symmetrically fixedly arranged on the top of the arc-shaped base (11); the sliding rod (13) is fixedly connected to the upper side wall of the support rod (12); and the sliding rod (13) is slidably engaged with the gas storage housing (2).

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