Lead-acid battery residual capacity prediction system based on embedded system

Abstract

The utility model provides a lead-acid battery residual capacity prediction system based on an embedded system. The lead-acid battery residual capacity prediction system comprises a storage battery inspection instrument, a data reading module, a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply module, a sound-light alarm module, a display module, a Bluetooth module, an upper computer, a WiFi module and a mobile terminal. The storage battery inspection instrument is connected with the data reading module, the data reading module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the power supply module, the sound-light alarm module and the display module. The single-chip microcomputer is connected with the upper computer through the Bluetooth module, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the mobile terminal through the WiFi module. According to the utility model, the singlechip is used for processing information received by the data reading module and then giving an alarm, meanwhile, diagnosis results can be transmitted to a PC (Personal Computer) terminal through the Bluetooth module and can be transmitted to a mobile phone terminal through the WiFi module, and multi-mode alarm and display provide great convenience for battery capacity prediction and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a lead-acid battery residual capacity prediction system based on an embedded system. Background Art

[0002] Lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system technology is based on the results of in-depth research on battery performance. Lead-acid batteries are the most commonly used batteries in power systems. However, during their use, they are affected by temperature and will cause thermal runaway to varying degrees, reducing the battery life. In addition, since the internal condition of the lead-acid battery cannot be directly seen, during the discharge and charging process, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the floating charge voltage and internal resistance at any time, otherwise the battery life will be affected.

[0003] The methods for predicting the available capacity of a battery are mainly divided into three categories: direct experimental method, equivalent circuit method and data-driven method. The direct experimental method directly detects the available capacity of the battery by fully charging and discharging. Although this method can provide very accurate results, its state of charge needs to change significantly, and it takes a lot of time and resources to conduct experiments. In the equivalent circuit model of the equivalent circuit method, the battery is regarded as a circuit composed of a voltage source, an ohmic internal resistance, a polarization resistor and a polarization capacitor. In general, the voltage and current of the battery under different states are measured by charge and discharge experiments, and the values ​​of the internal resistance and capacitance are identified based on these data. Based on the equivalent power model, the current battery capacity value can be obtained by real-time monitoring of the voltage and current values ​​of the battery. Battery performance will change with the change of usage time and environmental conditions, so regular calibration and updating are required when predicting capacity. Data-driven methods have been widely used in battery state estimation. This method does not need to consider the physical and chemical reaction processes of lithium-ion batteries, and directly realizes online capacity estimation by constructing the correlation between health factors and battery capacity. Therefore, the utility model adopts a data-driven method to predict the remaining capacity of a lead-acid battery. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the utility model proposes a lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system of an embedded system, which solves the technical problems in the prior art that the internal condition of the lead-acid battery cannot be observed, and the changes in the floating charge voltage and internal resistance cannot be monitored at any time, thereby realizing the remaining capacity prediction of the lead-acid battery.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in this way:

[0006] A lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on an embedded system comprises a battery inspection instrument, a data reading module, a single-chip microcomputer, a power module, an audible and visual alarm module, a display module, a Bluetooth module, a host computer, a WiFi module and a mobile terminal; the battery inspection instrument is connected to the data reading module, the data reading module is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the power module, the audible and visual alarm module and the display module; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the host computer via the Bluetooth module, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the mobile terminal via the WiFi module; the single-chip microcomputer processes a received signal and directly displays the processing result on the display module, and at the same time, displays the processing result on the host computer and the mobile terminal respectively.

[0007] The sound and light alarm module comprises an indicator light and a buzzer, and both the indicator light and the buzzer are connected to the single chip microcomputer.

[0008] The data reading module uses the SP3485EN-L / TR chip, and the receiver output end, receiver output enable end, driver output enable end, and driver input end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the single-chip microcomputer; the power end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is respectively connected to the power module and one end of the capacitor C18, and the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the digital ground; the receiver input non-inverting end and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the battery inspection instrument through the wiring terminal, and a resistor R14 is connected between the receiver input non-inverting end and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip; and the receiver input non-inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the power module through the resistor R16, and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the digital ground after passing through the resistor R12.

[0009] The power module includes a battery, a first voltage stabilizing chip and a second voltage stabilizing chip, the battery is connected to the first voltage stabilizing chip, the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip, and the second voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the single-chip computer; wherein the battery supplies power to the power module through a switch and a fuse in turn, and the analog ground in the power module is connected to the digital ground after passing through a resistor R9.

[0010] The model of the first voltage stabilizing chip is TPS7350, and the first voltage stabilizing chip includes an input terminal, an output terminal, an enable terminal, a ground terminal and a reset terminal; the input terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to the battery and one end of the capacitor C5, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the analog ground terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip; the enable terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is directly connected to the analog ground terminal; the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip and one end of the capacitor C12, and the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to the analog ground terminal; the reset terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip through a resistor R10.

[0011] The model of the second voltage stabilizer chip is RT9193-33GB, the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the output end of the first voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C9 is connected between the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip; the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and a capacitor C10 is connected between the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C11 is connected between the BP end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end.

[0012] The model of the single chip microcomputer is STM32F103RCT6.

[0013] The display module adopts a liquid crystal display screen with the model of TFT9341; the model of the WiFi module is HI3861, and the model of the Bluetooth module is HC-05.

[0014] The host computer is a PC terminal, and the mobile terminal is a mobile phone terminal.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects produced by the utility model are as follows: the utility model collects the data of the battery inspection instrument through the data reading module, and transmits the data to the single-chip microcomputer, which processes the transmitted data to generate the floating charge voltage of the battery pack, the internal resistance of the single cells in the pack, the floating charge voltage trend curve of the single cells, the remaining capacity of the battery, and the health status prediction results. When an abnormal result is detected, the utility model uses sound and light to alarm, and displays in three ways. The multi-mode alarm and display provide great convenience for circuit maintenance personnel and ensure the service life of the lead-acid battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the remaining power prediction of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is the circuit diagram of the single chip microcomputer of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a circuit diagram of the data reading module of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the display interface circuit diagram of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is the Bluetooth module interface circuit diagram of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This is the WiFi module interface circuit diagram of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of a power module of the utility model;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is the circuit diagram of the indicator light of the utility model;

[0026] Fig.10 This is a buzzer circuit diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0028] like Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on an embedded system, including a battery inspection instrument, a data reading module, a single-chip microcomputer, a power module, an audible and visual alarm module, a display module, a Bluetooth module, a PC terminal, a WiFi module, and a mobile phone APP; the battery inspection instrument is connected to the data reading module, the data reading module is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the power module, the audible and visual alarm module, and the display module; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the host computer through the Bluetooth module, the host computer is a PC terminal, the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the mobile terminal through the WiFi module, and the mobile terminal is a mobile phone APP; the audible and visual alarm module includes an indicator light and a buzzer, and the indicator light and the buzzer are both connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The power module is powered by two rechargeable 18650 lithium batteries, and the voltage regulator chip in the power module uses the TPS7350 voltage regulator chip and the RT9193-33GB voltage regulator chip to obtain a stable 5.0V and 3.3V DC power supply. The battery inspection meter, data reading module, and single-chip microcomputer are the acquisition units. The data reading module is connected to the two interface terminals of the inspection meter to form a closed loop, and the single-chip microcomputer can collect the data in the battery inspection meter. The display, indicator light, buzzer, host computer, and mobile terminal are the display units. When a certain state is detected in the collected data, the flag bit of the corresponding state indication will be passed to the single-chip microcomputer to drive the corresponding indicator light, buzzer, display, mobile terminal, and host computer, and finally present visual and auditory effects to the results. The Bluetooth module and WiFi module are wireless storage units. The single-chip microcomputer can transmit the processed data to the corresponding terminal via Bluetooth and WiFi, and then store and display it on the terminal.

[0029] The remaining power prediction flow chart of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1As shown in the figure, the data collected in the battery inspection instrument is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer and the QPSO-LSTM model algorithm is used to analyze and process the data. The principle analysis of the QPSO-LSTM model algorithm is as follows: LSTM is a variant of a recurrent neural network, which solves the gradient vanishing and gradient explosion problems of traditional RNN when processing long sequences, and can effectively capture long-term dependencies in sequence data. During the training process, LSTM updates network parameters through back propagation algorithm and gradient descent to minimize the loss function. Through training, LSTM can learn parameters suitable for specific tasks and better fit the training data. QPSO is an improved PSO algorithm. By introducing the quantum uncertainty theory in quantum mechanics theory into the QPSO algorithm, the problems of premature convergence and local extreme values ​​of the PSO algorithm are dealt with. The optimization process of the QPSO-LSTM model is to use QPSO to optimize the hyperparameters such as the number of neurons, learning rate, and maximum number of iterations in the LSTM model to construct an LSTM model. Finally, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction results of the QPSO-LSTM model, the root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error are selected as performance evaluation indicators. The specific optimization process is as follows Figure 1 In this embodiment, the current and voltage of the battery during charging and discharging are input into the prediction model as initial parameters, and then the QPSO algorithm is repeatedly iterated to obtain the optimal parameters of the LSTM model.

[0030] The single chip microcomputer control circuit diagram of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the single-chip microcomputer adopts STM32F103RCT6 embedded integrated circuit chip, which has a maximum main frequency of 72MHz, strong anti-environmental interference ability, and its own computing performance and rich control interface are sufficient to meet the design requirements of the utility model, and the price is cheap. STM32F103RCT6 adopts 3.3V power supply and has a low power consumption mode. Before the single-chip microcomputer is powered, it must first be filtered through a group of parallel 0.1uF capacitors. The 20th pin PA4 of the single-chip microcomputer is used to connect the indicator light to judge the fault information; the 41st, 42nd and 43rd pins PA8, PA9 and PA10 of the single-chip microcomputer are used to connect the external WiFi module to output data to the mobile terminal; the 5th and 6th pins of the single-chip microcomputer are connected to the external 8M crystal oscillator and two 20uF capacitors are connected to assist the oscillation; the 7th pin is connected to a reset circuit to reset the single-chip microcomputer; the 55th, 57th, 61st and 62nd pins are connected to the external display screen to display the fault information; the 29th and 30th pins are connected to the external data reading module, through which the read data is input into the single-chip microcomputer; the 51st and 52nd pins are connected to the external Bluetooth module to upload the processed abnormal information to the PC terminal; the 53rd pin is connected to the buzzer, and an alarm is directly issued after the fault information is found.

[0031] The circuit diagram of the data reading module is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the chip used in this module is SP3485EN-L / TR. This chip complies with the electrical specifications of RS-485 and RS-482 serial protocols, and the data transmission rate can be as high as 10Mbps (with load). Therefore, it can fully meet the needs of this embodiment. The receiver output terminal, receiver output enable terminal, driver output enable terminal, and driver input terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the single-chip microcomputer; the power supply terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is respectively connected to the power module and one end of capacitor C18, and the other end of capacitor C18 is connected to the digital ground; the receiver input non-inverting terminal and the receiver input inverting terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the battery inspection meter through the wiring terminal, and a resistor R14 is connected between the receiver input non-inverting terminal and the receiver input inverting terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip; and the receiver input non-inverting terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the power module through a resistor R16, and the receiver input inverting terminal of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the digital ground after passing through a resistor R12.

[0032] The circuit diagram of the display screen is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the 2.2-inch serial port TFT SPI LCD color screen module 9341 has a high-definition 240X320 resolution. It can display the floating charge voltage, internal resistance information in real time and the predicted results. This embodiment uses SPI protocol communication. The single-chip chip has an SPI communication interface inside. In the program, the SPI3 serial communication interfaces of the single-chip are used to write a screen driver that complies with the SPI communication protocol. The single-chip STM32F103RCT6 controls the driving display of the screen through the program.

[0033] Figure 6 This is the schematic diagram of the Bluetooth module interface circuit. The model of the Bluetooth module is HC-05. The collected information is transmitted to the PC terminal through the Bluetooth connection for storage and display. The 3 and 4 pins of the Bluetooth are connected to the microcontroller, the 1 pin is connected to the 5V power supply, and the 2 pin is connected to the digital ground.

[0034] Figure 7 This is the circuit diagram of the WiFi module interface. The model of the WiFi module is HI3861, which transmits the collected information to the mobile terminal via WiFi. The power supply of the WiFi module needs to be filtered by two 10uF capacitors, and the 7th and 8th pins need to be connected to the microcontroller.

[0035] The power module integrated circuit diagram is as follows Figure 8As shown, the power module includes a battery, a first voltage stabilizing chip and a second voltage stabilizing chip, the battery is connected to the first voltage stabilizing chip, the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip, and the second voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the single-chip computer; wherein, the battery supplies power to the power module through a switch and a fuse in turn, and the analog ground in the power module is connected to the digital ground after passing through a resistor R9. The model of the first voltage stabilizing chip is TPS7350, and the first voltage stabilizing chip includes an input terminal, an output terminal, an enable terminal, a ground terminal and a reset terminal; the input terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to one end of the battery and the capacitor C5, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the analog ground terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip; the enable terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is directly connected to the analog ground terminal; the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to one end of the second voltage stabilizing chip and the capacitor C12, and the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to the analog ground terminal; the reset terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip through a resistor R10. The model of the second voltage stabilizer chip is RT9193-33GB, the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the output end of the first voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C9 is connected between the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip; the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and a capacitor C10 is connected between the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C11 is connected between the BP end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end.

[0036] The power supply in this example uses double voltage reduction. The power module is a DC power supply. The DC power supply is two 18650 lithium batteries. The output voltage of the two batteries connected in series can reach 7.2V. The power module supplies 3.3V voltage to the microcontrollers STM32F103RCT6 and SP3485EN-L / TR. The 3.3V power supply is connected to the 1st pin VIN end of the 5V voltage wiring regulator chip RT9193-33GB output by the TPS7350 chip, and the GND pin is grounded. A 1uF capacitor is connected between the 1st and 2nd pins for filtering, the 3rd pin is connected to 5v voltage enable, a 1uF capacitor is connected between the 5th pin and the ground, and the 5th pin OUT end outputs 3.3V voltage.

[0037] The TFT9341 LCD screen is provided with a 5V voltage. The 5V power supply is connected to the 3rd and 4th pins IN of the 7.2 voltage wiring regulator chip TPS7350, the GND pin is grounded, a 0.1uf capacitor is connected between the 2nd pin EN and the 3rd pin IN, a 250K resistor is connected between the 8th pin RESET and the 5th pin OUT, a 10uf capacitor is connected between the 5th pin and the ground, and the 5th pin OUT outputs a 5V voltage.

[0038] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 This is the circuit diagram of indicator light and buzzer, which is used for the single chip microcomputer to directly give an alarm.

[0039] The working principle is: the battery inspection instrument transmits the collected data into the single-chip microcomputer through the data reading module. The single-chip microcomputer analyzes and processes the data through the QPSO-LSTM model algorithm, makes a judgment, and then issues an early warning.

[0040] There are three display modes: ① The floating charge voltage of the battery pack, the internal resistance of the single cell in the pack, the floating charge voltage trend curve of the single cell, the remaining capacity of the battery, and the estimated health status are transmitted to the PC terminal via Bluetooth; ② The floating charge voltage of the battery pack, the internal resistance of the single cell in the pack, the floating charge voltage trend curve of the single cell, the remaining capacity of the battery, and the estimated health status are transmitted to the mobile terminal via WiFi; ③ The floating charge voltage and internal resistance information prediction results are directly output by the single chip microcomputer to the TFT liquid crystal display screen for display.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on an embedded system, characterized in that: It includes a battery inspection meter, a data reading module, a single-chip microcomputer, a power module, an audible and visual alarm module, a display module, a Bluetooth module, a host computer, a WiFi module, and a mobile terminal; the battery inspection meter is connected to the data reading module, the data reading module is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the power module, the audible and visual alarm module, and the display module; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the host computer via the Bluetooth module, and the single-chip microcomputer is connected to the mobile terminal via the WiFi module; the single-chip microcomputer processes the received signal and directly displays the processing result on the display module, and at the same time, displays the processing result on the host computer and the mobile terminal respectively.

2. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound and light alarm module comprises an indicator light and a buzzer, and both the indicator light and the buzzer are connected to the single chip microcomputer.

3. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data reading module uses the SP3485EN-L / TR chip, and the receiver output end, receiver output enable end, driver output enable end, and driver input end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the single-chip microcomputer; the power end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is respectively connected to the power module and one end of the capacitor C18, and the other end of the capacitor C18 is connected to the digital ground; the receiver input non-inverting end and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip are directly connected to the battery inspection instrument through the wiring terminal, and a resistor R14 is connected between the receiver input non-inverting end and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip; and the receiver input non-inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the power module through the resistor R16, and the receiver input inverting end of the SP3485EN-L / TR chip is connected to the digital ground after passing through the resistor R12.

4. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power module includes a battery, a first voltage stabilizing chip and a second voltage stabilizing chip, the battery is connected to the first voltage stabilizing chip, the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip, and the second voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the single-chip computer; wherein the battery supplies power to the power module through a switch and a fuse in turn, and the analog ground in the power module is connected to the digital ground after passing through a resistor R9.

5. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The model of the first voltage stabilizing chip is TPS7350, and the first voltage stabilizing chip includes an input terminal, an output terminal, an enable terminal, a ground terminal and a reset terminal; the input terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to the battery and one end of the capacitor C5, and the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the analog ground terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip; the enable terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is directly connected to the analog ground terminal; the output terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is respectively connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip and one end of the capacitor C12, and the other end of the capacitor C12 is connected to the analog ground terminal; the reset terminal of the first voltage stabilizing chip is connected to the second voltage stabilizing chip through a resistor R10.

6. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The model of the second voltage stabilizer chip is RT9193-33GB, the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the output end of the first voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C9 is connected between the input end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip; the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and a capacitor C10 is connected between the output end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end of the second voltage stabilizer chip, and a capacitor C11 is connected between the BP end of the second voltage stabilizer chip and the ground end.

7. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system based on embedded system according to claim 1, 3, 4 or 6, characterized in that: The model of the single chip microcomputer is STM32F103RCT6.

8. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display module adopts a liquid crystal display screen with the model of TFT9341; the model of the WiFi module is HI3861, and the model of the Bluetooth module is HC-05.

9. The lead-acid battery remaining capacity prediction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer is a PC terminal, and the mobile terminal is a mobile phone terminal.

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