Novel methanol synthesis reactor
By using vertical cylinder and heat storage body to support the catalyst in the new methanol synthesis reactor, combined with the heat exchange tube assembly, the problems of inconvenient loading and unloading and high maintenance costs are solved, more efficient catalyst operation is achieved and maintenance costs are reduced. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421074424.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-17
AI Technical Summary
In existing methanol synthesis reactors, the catalyst loading and unloading is inconvenient and the maintenance cost is high, which affects the operating efficiency and production efficiency.
A new methanol synthesis reactor was designed, using a vertical cylindrical cylinder with a catalyst and multiple pores inside. The lower seal head was filled with heat storage to support the catalyst, and the unloading of the catalyst was facilitated through the discharge port. In addition, combining the heat exchange tube assembly and the central tube structure, effective contact between the reactant gas and the catalyst and heat exchange are achieved.
This design simplifies the loading and unloading and maintenance process of catalysts, improves operating efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and meets production needs.
Smart Images
Figure CN222305734U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a chemical plant, in particular to a methanol synthesis reactor, specifically a new type of methanol synthesis reactor. Background Art
[0002] In the chemical industry, methanol, as an important chemical raw material, has a wide range of application value and plays an important role in the fields of medicine, organic synthesis, coatings, etc. Synthetic methanol has become an important industry in the chemical industry due to its low production cost and wide range of uses. Its working principle is to generate methanol by synthesizing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen under high pressure and low temperature conditions.
[0003] At present, the most widely used synthetic methanol process with large production capacity in the market is the radial methanol synthesis reactor. This type of reactor is to flow the reaction gas radially through the bed layer, which is filled with a catalyst layer. The reaction gas reacts chemically with the catalyst during the flow of the bed layer. At the same time, a heat exchange structure is provided in the reactor to take away the heat generated in the reaction to ensure that the reaction continues. The conventional heat exchange structure is mainly a tube-sheet heat exchanger, which is composed of a plurality of vertical heat exchange tubes, and the upper and lower ends thereof are respectively connected to the plate-shaped tube sheet. And the catalyst is filled between the tube sheet and the heat exchange tube. As a result, it is difficult to replace the catalyst: because the catalyst needs to be filled between the upper and lower tube sheets, the catalyst can only be unloaded horizontally from the lower tube sheet. This operation is extremely inconvenient, and it is easy to cause problems such as incomplete catalyst removal, which seriously affects the efficiency of the replacement operation and increases the maintenance cost.
[0004] Therefore, it needs to be improved to better meet the market demand. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a novel methanol synthesis reactor in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, which can effectively solve the problem of inconvenient catalyst loading and unloading, improve operating efficiency, reduce equipment maintenance costs, and fully meet production needs.
[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is:
[0007] A novel methanol synthesis reactor comprises a cylinder, which is a vertical cylindrical body, with open upper and lower ends and hollow side walls; a catalyst is arranged inside the cylinder, and a plurality of air holes are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, which are connected with the inner cavity of the side wall;
[0008] It also includes an upper end cap and a lower end cap, both of which are dome-shaped and connected to the upper and lower ends of the cylinder respectively; the shell wall of the upper end cap is hollow and connected to the side wall of the cylinder; the upper end cap is provided with a reaction gas inlet connected to the inner cavity of its shell wall; the lower end cap is filled with a heat storage body to support the catalyst; the shell wall of the lower end cap is provided with a discharge port that penetrates inside and outside;
[0009] It also includes a heat exchange tube assembly, which is arranged in the cylinder and can allow the heat exchange medium to flow through it to exchange heat with the reaction gas;
[0010] It also includes a central tube, which is arranged in the cylinder, has a closed upper end, an open lower end, and a plurality of through holes extending from the inside to the outside on the side wall;
[0011] It also includes an air outlet pipe, which is arranged in the lower head, the upper end of which is connected with the lower end of the central pipe, and the lower end of which is open and extends out of the lower head.
[0012] Furthermore, the heat exchange tube assembly includes an upper distributor, a lower distributor and a heat exchange tube; the upper and lower distributors have the same structure, including a central ring tube, a main tube and a branch tube; the central ring tube is in the shape of a circular ring; the main tube is in the shape of a straight tube, which is arranged on the outer side of the central ring tube, one end of which is connected to the central ring tube, and the other end is a suspended end, and a heat exchange inlet or a heat exchange outlet is provided at the suspended end; there are two main tubes, which are symmetrically arranged; the branch tube is in the shape of a straight tube, one end of which is connected to the main tube or the central ring tube, and the other end is suspended and closed; there are multiple branch tubes, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the main tube; the central ring tube, the main tube and the branch tube are in the same plane; the upper and lower distributors are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the cylinder, and the suspended end of the main tube is extended out of the cylinder; there are multiple heat exchange tubes, all of which are in the shape of straight tubes and evenly distributed, and their two ends are respectively connected to the upper and lower distributors.
[0013] Furthermore, the branch pipe is perpendicular to the main pipe; and the distances from the closed ends of the branch pipes to the center of the central ring pipe are the same.
[0014] Furthermore, the diameters of the central ring pipe, the main pipe and the branch pipe of the upper distributor are larger than the diameters of the central ring pipe, the main pipe and the branch pipe of the lower distributor.
[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a manhole, which is provided on the upper head and communicates with the upper head.
[0016] Furthermore, there are two or more discharge ports, which are evenly distributed on the sides of the lower head.
[0017] Furthermore, the central tube is centrally arranged in the cylinder, and the lower end thereof passes through the middle hole of the central ring tube of the lower distributor and is connected to the air outlet pipe.
[0018] Furthermore, the air outlet pipe is centrally arranged on the lower head.
[0019] Furthermore, the reaction gas inlet is centrally arranged on the upper head.
[0020] Beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0021] The utility model has a reasonable design and a simple structure. The catalyst layer is supported by filling a heat storage body in the lower head to ensure the normal progress of the catalytic reaction. During maintenance, the heat storage body can be removed from the discharge port on the lower head first, and then the catalyst can be easily removed, which greatly facilitates the maintenance operation, improves the construction efficiency, reduces the maintenance cost, and fully meets the production needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view of the heat exchange tube assembly of the utility model.
[0024] Among them, 1-manhole; 2-upper head; 3-cylinder; 4-heat exchange tube; 5-center tube; 6-catalyst; 7-lower distributor; 8-heat exchange inlet; 9-discharge port; 10-gas outlet pipe; 11-lower head; 12-heat storage body; 13-upper distributor; 14-heat exchange outlet; 15-reaction gas inlet; 16-main pipe; 17-branch pipe; 18-center ring pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0026] like Figure 1 and 2 shown.
[0027] A novel methanol synthesis reactor comprises a cylinder 3, a heat exchange tube assembly, a central tube 5 and an air outlet pipe 10, etc.
[0028] The cylinder 3 is a vertical cylindrical shape, with its upper and lower ends both open and connected to the upper head 2 and the lower head 11 respectively, forming a closed structure. The side wall of the cylinder 3 is hollow, and a plurality of air holes are provided on its inner wall, which are connected to the inner cavity of the side wall. The air holes are evenly arranged in a triangular shape, and the aperture is 3-40 mm.
[0029] The upper head 2 and the lower head 11 are both dome-shaped, and their openings face the interior of the cylinder 3 to facilitate the gathering of gas.
[0030] The shell wall of the upper end cap 2 is hollow and connected to the side wall of the cylinder 3. At the same time, the upper end cap 2 is provided with a reaction gas inlet 15 connected to the inner cavity of its shell wall, so that the external reaction gas can enter the inner cavity of the shell wall of the upper end cap 2 and the inner cavity of the side wall of the cylinder 3. Furthermore, the upper end cap 2 is also provided with a manhole 1 that is through inside and outside, so that the operator can enter the upper end cap to load the catalyst and perform maintenance operations.
[0031] The heat exchange tube assembly includes an upper distributor 13, a lower distributor 7 and a heat exchange tube 4, which is arranged in the cylinder 2, and enables the heat exchange medium to flow therethrough to exchange heat with the reaction gas.
[0032] The upper and lower distributors have the same structure, both comprising a central ring pipe 18 , a main pipe 16 and a branch pipe 17 .
[0033] The central ring tube 18 is in a circular shape and is located in the center.
[0034] The main pipe 16 is a straight pipe, arranged outside the central ring pipe 18, one end of which is connected to the central ring pipe 18, and the other end of which is a suspended end. There are two main pipes 16, which are symmetrically arranged.
[0035] The branch pipe 17 is a straight pipe, one end of which is connected to the main pipe 16 or the central ring pipe 18, and the other end is suspended and closed. There are multiple branch pipes 17, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the main pipe 16. The central ring pipe 18, the main pipe 16 and the branch pipe 17 are in the same plane. At the same time, the branch pipe 17 is perpendicular to the main pipe 16, and the distance from its closed end to the center of the central ring pipe 18 is the same.
[0036] The upper and lower distributors are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the cylinder, and the suspended end of the main pipe is extended out of the cylinder. At the same time, a heat exchange outlet 14 is arranged at the suspended end of the main pipe of the upper distributor 13, and a heat exchange inlet 8 is arranged at the suspended end of the main pipe of the lower distributor 7.
[0037] The heat exchange tubes 4 are multiple and straight tube-shaped, evenly distributed in the cylinder, and their two ends are respectively connected to the central ring tube, the main tube and the branch tube of the upper and lower distributors to form a flow passage for the heat exchange medium.
[0038] The heat exchange medium is saturated water. At the same time, the diameters of the central ring pipe, main pipe and branch pipe of the upper distributor 13 are larger than the diameters of the central ring pipe, main pipe and branch pipe of the lower distributor 7, so as to meet the volume change requirement of saturated water after heating. Preferably, the inner diameter of the main pipe of the upper distributor is 105-130% of the inner diameter of the main pipe of the lower distributor. The inner diameter of the central ring pipe of the upper distributor is 105-115% of the inner diameter of the central ring pipe of the lower distributor. The inner diameter of the branch pipe of the upper distributor is 105-115% of the inner diameter of the branch pipe of the lower distributor.
[0039] The central tube 5 is a long straight tube with an inner diameter of 100-500 mm and an outer diameter slightly smaller than the aperture of the central ring tube of the lower distributor 7. The central tube 5 is centrally arranged in the cylinder 3, with its upper end being closed and adjacent to the central ring tube of the upper distributor 13, and its lower end being open and slightly passing through the center hole of the central ring tube of the lower distributor 7. The side wall of the central tube 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes that penetrate inside and outside. The through holes are evenly arranged in a triangular shape, and the aperture is 2-30 mm.
[0040] The air outlet pipe 10 is in the shape of a short tube and is centrally disposed in the lower end cover 11 . Its upper end is connected to the lower end of the central pipe 5 , and its lower end is open and extends out of the lower end cover 11 .
[0041] The cylinder 3 is provided with a catalyst 6, and the heat exchange tube 4 and the central tube 5 are immersed in the catalyst 6. At the same time, the lower end cap 11 is filled with a heat storage body 12, which can support the catalyst 6 and form a bed structure of the catalyst. The heat storage body 12 can be aluminum oxide, mullite, etc., which only plays a supporting role and does not react chemically with the reaction gas.
[0042] The shell wall of the lower end cap 11 is provided with a discharge port 9 which is connected inside and outside. There are two or more discharge ports 9 which are evenly distributed on the side of the lower end cap 11 and are used for discharging the heat storage body and the catalyst.
[0043] The working process of the utility model is:
[0044] First, load the heat storage body through the manhole and fill the lower head with the heat storage body.
[0045] Then, the catalyst is loaded through the manhole so that the catalyst fills the inner space of the cylinder under the support of the heat storage body, and the heat exchange tube and the central tube are completely immersed in the catalyst.
[0046] At the same time, the heat exchange inlet and heat exchange outlet are connected to the external circulation system, so that saturated water flows in from the heat exchange inlet at the lower part of the cylinder, passes through the lower distributor, heat exchange tubes and upper distributor, and then flows out from the heat exchange outlet at the upper part of the cylinder, and then circulates through the external circulation system.
[0047] During production, the reaction gas is input from the reaction gas inlet, flows into the inner cavity of the side wall of the cylinder after passing through the inner cavity of the upper head shell wall, and heats up with the cylinder. Then, it flows into the cylinder from the pores on the inner wall of the cylinder, contacts with the catalyst and reacts. The heat generated during the reaction is taken away by heat exchange with the saturated water in the heat exchange tube, so that the temperature in the catalyst bed is in a suitable state. After absorbing heat, the saturated water partially vaporizes to form a steam-water mixture, and flows out from the heat exchange outlet. After the water vapor is removed by the external gas-liquid separator, it flows back to the heat exchange tube to realize the circulation operation.
[0048] After the reaction, the gas flows into the central tube from the through hole on the central tube, and then flows out of the reactor through the gas outlet pipe to enter the next process.
[0049] When the catalyst needs to be replaced or repaired, the discharge port can be opened to discharge the heat storage body first. Then, the catalyst falls due to the loss of support and is discharged from the discharge port, which greatly facilitates the catalyst unloading operation, improves the operating efficiency, and reduces the maintenance cost.
[0050] The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by using the prior art.
Claims
1. A novel methanol synthesis reactor, comprising a cylinder, characterized in that: The cylinder is in the shape of a vertical cylinder, with its upper and lower ends both open and its side wall hollow; a catalyst is arranged inside the cylinder, and a plurality of air holes are arranged on its inner wall, which are connected with the inner cavity of the side wall; It also includes an upper end cap and a lower end cap, both of which are dome-shaped and connected to the upper and lower ends of the cylinder respectively; the shell wall of the upper end cap is hollow and connected to the side wall of the cylinder; the upper end cap is provided with a reaction gas inlet connected to the inner cavity of its shell wall; the lower end cap is filled with a heat storage body to support the catalyst; the shell wall of the lower end cap is provided with a discharge port that penetrates inside and outside; It also includes a heat exchange tube assembly, which is arranged in the cylinder and can allow the heat exchange medium to flow through it to exchange heat with the reaction gas; It also includes a central tube, which is arranged in the cylinder, has a closed upper end, an open lower end, and a plurality of through holes extending from the inside to the outside on the side wall; It also includes an air outlet pipe, which is arranged in the lower head, the upper end of which is connected with the lower end of the central pipe, and the lower end of which is open and extends out of the lower head.
2. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat exchange tube assembly includes an upper distributor, a lower distributor and a heat exchange tube; the upper and lower distributors have the same structure, including a central ring tube, a main tube and a branch tube; the central ring tube is in a circular ring shape; the main tube is in a straight tube shape, arranged on the outer side of the central ring tube, one end of which is connected to the central ring tube, and the other end is a suspended end, and a heat exchange inlet or a heat exchange outlet is provided at the suspended end; there are two main tubes, which are symmetrically arranged; the branch tube is in a straight tube shape, one end of which is connected to the main tube or the central ring tube, and the other end is suspended and closed; there are multiple branch tubes, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the main tube; the central ring tube, the main tube and the branch tube are in the same plane; the upper and lower distributors are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the cylinder, and the suspended end of the main tube is extended out of the cylinder; there are multiple heat exchange tubes, all of which are in a straight tube shape and evenly distributed, and their two ends are respectively connected to the upper and lower distributors.
3. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The branch pipe is perpendicular to the main pipe; the distances from the closed ends of the branch pipes to the center of the central ring pipe are the same.
4. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The diameters of the central ring pipe, the main pipe and the branch pipe of the upper distributor are all larger than the diameters of the central ring pipe, the main pipe and the branch pipe of the lower distributor.
5. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a manhole, which is provided on the upper head and is connected with the upper head.
6. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are two or more discharge ports, which are evenly distributed on the sides of the lower head.
7. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The central tube is centrally arranged in the cylinder, and the lower end thereof passes through the middle hole of the central ring tube of the lower distributor and is connected to the air outlet pipe.
8. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air outlet pipe is centrally arranged on the lower head.
9. The novel methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reaction gas inlet is centrally arranged on the upper cover.