Speed reducer and automobile
By designing a fixed bearing with a limit piece in the reducer, the bearing's load is evenly distributed, and the problem of increasing the intermediate shaft size caused by ball bearings is solved, and the reduction is miniaturized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421218834.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In existing reducers, when ball bearing scheme is adopted for input shaft and intermediate shaft, the intermediate bearing load requirements are high, resulting in ball bearing specifications and sizes larger than the tapered bearing specifications and sizes, resulting in an increase in the size of the intermediate shaft, affecting the spatial layout and miniaturization of the reducer. .
By designing the first limiting member and the second limiting member in the reducer, the inner and outer rings of the first bearing are respectively fixed, ensuring that the second bearing only bears radial and axial forces, so that the two bearings are The stress is more uniform, avoiding the load of the first bearing too large. Selecting smaller bearings can meet the reliability needs and miniaturize the reducer.
The equivalent loads of the two bearings of the input shaft are achieved, so that the use of smaller size bearings can meet the reliability needs and promote the miniaturization of the reducer.
Smart Images
Figure CN222315855U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of reducers, in particular to a reducer and a car. Background Art
[0002] In order to meet the development trend of electric drive efficiency, ball bearings are used for both the input shaft and the intermediate shaft of the reducer to replace the conventional solution of using ball bearings for the input shaft and tapered bearings for the intermediate shaft. Due to the high load requirements for the intermediate shaft, under the same boundary conditions, the specifications and dimensions of the ball bearings must be larger than those of the tapered bearings, making the size of the intermediate shaft using ball bearings larger than that using tapered bearings. Due to the limited spatial layout of the reducer, the size of the intermediate shaft increases, which brings great challenges to the structural layout of the reducer and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer. Utility Model Content
[0003] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a reducer and a car, aiming to make the equivalent loads of the two bearings of the input shaft equal, so that the reliability requirements can be met by selecting bearings of smaller specifications, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer.
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the reducer proposed by the utility model is used for an automobile and comprises:
[0005] A housing and an input shaft, wherein the input shaft is provided with a helical gear and a positioning shoulder;
[0006] The first bearing and the second bearing are both installed in the housing and matched with the input shaft. In the axial direction of the input shaft, the helical gear is arranged close to the second bearing and away from the first bearing. The second bearing is movably arranged relative to the housing along the axial direction of the input shaft.
[0007] a first stopper, disposed in the housing and connected to the input shaft, the first stopper cooperating with the positioning shoulder to clamp the inner ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft; and
[0008] The second limiting member is disposed in the housing and connected to the housing. The second limiting member cooperates with the housing to clamp the outer ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft.
[0009] In one embodiment, a first threaded hole is recessed at one end of the input shaft corresponding to the first bearing, and the first limiting member includes a first bolt, the screw rod of the first bolt is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole, and the bolt head of the first screw rod protrudes from the input shaft in the radial direction of the input shaft to press the inner ring of the first bearing onto the positioning shoulder.
[0010] In one embodiment, the housing includes a first bearing seat for mounting the first bearing, and the second limiting member includes a bearing pressure plate, the bearing pressure plate having an opening extending through it in the thickness direction, and the bearing pressure plate is connected to the first bearing seat to press the outer ring of the first bearing against the bearing seat hole of the first bearing seat.
[0011] In one embodiment, the bearing pressure plate has a preparation position in the housing and an assembly position connected to the first bearing seat, a second threaded hole is provided on the bearing pressure plate, and a third threaded hole is correspondingly provided on the first bearing seat, the third threaded hole and the second threaded hole are used for the screw rod of the second bolt to pass through in sequence, and the bolt head of the second bolt presses the outer side of the first bearing seat to position the bearing pressure plate at its assembly position;
[0012] The input shaft is also provided with an assembly shoulder spaced apart from the positioning shoulder, the top surface of the assembly shoulder is provided with a step surface, the assembly shoulder has a first shoulder section away from the step surface and a second shoulder section facing the step surface, the step surface is used to abut against one side of the bearing pressure plate, and the top surface of the second shoulder section is used to abut against the inner wall of the opening of the bearing pressure plate, so as to realize the positioning of the bearing pressure plate at the preparation position;
[0013] Wherein, when the bearing pressure plate is located at the assembly position, the bearing pressure plate and the assembly shaft shoulder are spaced apart.
[0014] In one embodiment, when the bearing pressure plate is located at the assembly position, a distance between the bearing pressure plate and the assembly shoulder is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
[0015] In one embodiment, a guide groove is provided on the first bearing seat, and a groove wall of the guide groove cooperates with an outer peripheral side of the bearing pressure plate to guide and position the bearing pressure plate when assembled to the first bearing seat.
[0016] In one embodiment, the bearing pressure plate includes an annular plate body and a lug protruding from an outer annular surface of the plate body, and the second threaded hole is arranged corresponding to the position of the lug.
[0017] In one embodiment, the bearing pressure plate includes an annular plate body and a boss protruding in the thickness direction of the plate body, the second threaded hole is arranged corresponding to the position of the boss, and a groove is provided on the first bearing seat corresponding to the boss.
[0018] In one embodiment, the second threaded holes are provided in plurality, and the third threaded holes are provided in plurality accordingly.
[0019] The utility model also provides a car, comprising the reducer as described in any one of the above items.
[0020] The technical solution of the utility model is that the reducer is used for an automobile, and the reducer comprises a housing and an input shaft, a first bearing and a second bearing, a first limiter, and a second limiter, the input shaft is provided with a helical gear and a positioning shoulder; the first bearing and the second bearing are both installed in the housing and cooperate with the input shaft, in the axial direction of the input shaft, the helical gear is close to the second bearing and far away from the first bearing, and the second bearing is movably arranged relative to the housing along the axial direction of the input shaft; the first limiter is arranged in the housing and connected to the input shaft, the first limiter cooperates with the positioning shoulder, and clamps the inner ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft; the second limiter is arranged in the housing and connected to the housing, the second limiter cooperates with the housing, and clamps the outer ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft. It can be understood that since in the axial direction of the input shaft, the helical gear is close to the second bearing and far away from the first bearing, the reducer in the prior art If both bearings of the reducer are not axially fixed or both are axially fixed, the force on the first bearing farther from the helical gear is very small, while the second bearing closer to the helical gear will be subjected to larger axial and radial forces. In order to meet the reliability requirements, it is necessary to select bearings of larger specifications, which makes the size of the input shaft larger, affects the structural layout of the reducer, and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer. In the present application, the inner ring of the first bearing is fixed by the first limit member and the positioning shoulder, and the outer ring of the first bearing is also fixed by the second limit member and the housing. The axial direction of the second bearing is not fixed, so that the first bearing close to the helical gear only bears radial force, and the second bearing far away from the gear side bears both radial force and axial force brought by the helical gear. This makes the force on the first bearing and the second bearing more uniform, avoids the first bearing close to the helical gear from being overloaded and causing the bearing specification to be too large, so that the equivalent loads of the two bearings of the input shaft are equivalent, so that the reliability requirements can be met by selecting bearings of smaller specifications, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.
[0022] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a bearing pressure plate of an embodiment of a reducer provided by the utility model being located in a preparation position;
[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the bearing pressure plate of the reducer is located in the assembly position;
[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the input shaft;
[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bearing pressure plate;
[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of a bearing pressure plate in FIG.
[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first bearing seat.
[0028] Description of Figure Numbers:
[0029] 100. Reducer; 1. Housing; 11. First bearing seat; 111. Guide groove; 112. Recess; 113. Third threaded hole; 12. Second bearing seat; 2. Input shaft; 3. Bevel gear; 21. Positioning shoulder; 22. Assembly shoulder; 221. Step surface; 222. First shoulder section; 223. Second shoulder section; 4. First bearing; 5. Second bearing; 6. First stopper; 61. First bolt; 7. Second stopper; 71. Bearing pressure plate; 711. Opening; 712. Second threaded hole; 713. Lug; 714. Boss; 8. Second bolt.
[0030] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the utility model will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0032] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0033] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the utility model, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions that satisfy both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the utility model.
[0034] In order to meet the development trend of electric drive efficiency, ball bearings are used for both the input shaft and the intermediate shaft of the reducer to replace the conventional solution of using ball bearings for the input shaft and tapered bearings for the intermediate shaft. Due to the high load requirements for the intermediate shaft, under the same boundary conditions, the specifications and dimensions of the ball bearings must be larger than those of the tapered bearings, making the size of the intermediate shaft using ball bearings larger than that using tapered bearings. Due to the limited spatial layout of the reducer, the size of the intermediate shaft increases, which brings great challenges to the structural layout of the reducer and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer.
[0035] The utility model provides a reducer and a car. Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 6 , see mainly Figure 2 In one embodiment of the utility model, a reducer 100 is used for an automobile. The reducer 100 includes a housing 1 and an input shaft 2, a first bearing 4 and a second bearing 5, a first stopper 6, and a second stopper 7. The input shaft 2 is provided with a helical gear 3 and a positioning shoulder 21; the first bearing 4 and the second bearing 5 are both installed in the housing 1 and matched with the input shaft 2. In the axial direction of the input shaft 2, the helical gear 3 is close to the second bearing 5 and far away from the first bearing 4. The second bearing 5 is movably arranged along the axial direction of the input shaft 2 relative to the housing 1; the first stopper 6 is arranged in the housing 1 and connected to the input shaft 2. The first stopper 6 cooperates with the positioning shoulder 21 to clamp the inner ring of the first bearing 4 in the axial direction of the input shaft 2; the second stopper 7 is arranged in the housing 1 and connected to the housing 1. The second stopper 7 cooperates with the housing 1 to clamp the outer ring of the first bearing 4 in the axial direction of the input shaft 2.
[0036] It can be understood that, since the helical gear 3 is arranged close to the second bearing 5 and far away from the first bearing 4 in the axial direction of the input shaft 2, the two bearings of the reducer 100 in the prior art are not axially fixed or are axially fixed, the force on the first bearing 4 far away from the helical gear 3 is very small, while the second bearing 5 close to the helical gear 3 will be subjected to larger axial force and radial force. In order to meet the reliability requirements, it is necessary to select bearings of larger specifications, so that the size of the input shaft 2 is larger, which affects the structural layout of the reducer 100 and is not conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer 100. In the present application, the first limiter 6 and the positioning shoulder 21 are used to fix the first bearing 4 far away from the helical gear 3. The inner ring of a bearing 4 is fixed, and the outer ring of the first bearing 4 is also fixed by the second limit piece 7 and the housing 1. The axial direction of the second bearing 5 is not fixed, so that the first bearing 4 close to the helical gear 3 only bears radial force, and the second bearing 5 far away from the gear side bears both radial force and axial force brought by the helical gear 3. This makes the force on the first bearing 4 and the second bearing 5 more uniform, avoiding the first bearing 4 close to the helical gear 3 from carrying too much load and causing the bearing specification to be too large, so that the equivalent loads of the two bearings of the input shaft 2 are equivalent, so that the reliability requirements can be met by selecting smaller bearings, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the reducer 100.
[0037] The first limit member 6 can be connected to the input shaft 2 in various ways such as clamping or welding. In an embodiment of the utility model, the input shaft 2 is provided with a first threaded hole at one end corresponding to the first bearing 4, and the first limit member 6 includes a first bolt 61. The screw of the first bolt 61 is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole, and the bolt head of the first screw protrudes from the input shaft 2 in the radial direction of the input shaft 2 to press the inner ring of the first bearing 4 onto the positioning shoulder 21. In this way, the first limit member 6 and the input shaft 2 are easy to produce and manufacture, and the connection process is simple and reliable, which reduces production costs and improves production efficiency.
[0038] In an embodiment of the utility model, the housing 1 includes a first bearing seat 11 for installing the first bearing 4, and the second limiting member 7 includes a bearing pressure plate 71. The bearing pressure plate 71 is provided with an opening 711 in the thickness direction thereof, and the bearing pressure plate 71 is connected to the first bearing seat 11 to press the outer ring of the first bearing 4 on the bearing seat hole of the first bearing seat 11. In this way, the opening 711 on the bearing pressure plate 71 avoids other parts of the first bearing 4, and the bearing pressure plate 71 presses the outer ring of the first bearing 4 and cooperates with the first bearing seat 11 to fix the outer ring of the first bearing 4.
[0039] The bearing pressure plate 71 can be connected to the first bearing seat 11 by means of clamping or bonding. In the embodiment of the present utility model, the bearing pressure plate 71 has a preparatory position in the housing 1 (see Figure 1 ) and the assembly position connected to the first bearing seat 11 (see Figure 2 ), a second threaded hole 712 is provided on the bearing pressure plate 71, and a third threaded hole 113 is correspondingly provided on the first bearing seat 11, the third threaded hole 113 and the second threaded hole 712 are used for the screw rod of the second bolt 8 to pass through in sequence, and the bolt head of the second bolt 8 presses the outer side of the first bearing seat 11 to position the bearing pressure plate 71 at its assembly position; the input shaft 2 is also provided with an assembly shoulder 22 spaced apart from the positioning shoulder 21, and the top surface of the assembly shoulder 22 is provided with a step surface 221, the assembly shoulder 22 has a first shoulder section 222 away from the step surface 221 and a second shoulder section 223 facing the step surface 221, the step surface 221 is used to abut against one side of the bearing pressure plate 71, and the top surface of the second shoulder section 223 is used to abut against the inner wall of the opening 711 of the bearing pressure plate 71 (see Figure 1 ), so as to realize the positioning of the bearing pressure plate 71 in the preparatory position; wherein, when the bearing pressure plate 71 is located at the assembly position, the bearing pressure plate 71 is spaced apart from the assembly shoulder 22 (see Figure 2 ), so that the reducer 100 can realize the following assembly process: the second bearing 5 is pressed onto the input shaft 2, and the bearing pressure plate 71 is placed on the assembly shoulder 22 for positioning (if there is no assembly shoulder 22, the bearing pressure plate 71 will fall due to the setting of the opening 711), and then the first bearing 4 is pressed onto, and the first bolt 61 is installed on the input shaft 2 (when the first limit member 6 includes the first bolt 61, other methods are of course not excluded), the above-mentioned assembled shaft system is first placed in the bearing seat hole of the second bearing seat 12, and then the first bearing seat 11 is closed, and finally the bearing pressure plate 71 is fixed by driving the second bolt 8 outside the housing 1, so that the second bolt 8 is installed from the outside of the housing 1, solving the problem of being unable to install from the inside, making the assembly process more convenient and efficient, and when the bearing pressure plate 71 is located at the assembly position, the bearing pressure plate 71 is spaced apart from the assembly shoulder 22 to avoid rotational interference between the input shaft 2 and the bearing pressure plate 71.
[0040] In the implementation mode of the present utility model, when the bearing pressure plate 71 is located at the assembly position, the spacing between the bearing pressure plate 71 and the assembly shoulder 22 is greater than or equal to 3 mm. In this way, a sufficient spacing is set to ensure the spacing between the bearing pressure plate 71 and the assembly shoulder 22, avoid the rotation interference between the input shaft 2 and the bearing pressure plate 71, improve the reliability of the structure, and ensure product quality. Specifically, the effective thickness S of the bearing pressure plate 71 is H in the axial direction of the input shaft 2, and the spacing between the assembly shoulder 22 and the positioning shoulder 21 is ensured to be HS ≥ 3 mm, which can ensure that when the bearing pressure plate 71 is located at the assembly position, the spacing between the bearing pressure plate 71 and the assembly shoulder 22 is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
[0041] In the embodiment of the present utility model, the first bearing seat 11 is provided with a guide groove 111 (see Figure 1 ), the groove wall of the guide groove 111 cooperates with the outer peripheral side of the bearing pressure plate 71 to guide and position the bearing pressure plate 71 when assembled to the first bearing seat 11, thereby improving the assembly accuracy of the first bearing seat and the bearing pressure plate 71.
[0042] In the embodiment of the present utility model, the bearing pressure plate 71 includes an annular plate body and a lug 713 (see FIG. Figure 4 ), the second threaded hole 712 is arranged at a position corresponding to the lug 713. It can be understood that the arrangement of the lug 713 can enable the bearing pressure plate 71 to play a positioning role in the circumferential direction, and can also avoid the second threaded hole 712 being too close to the outer peripheral edge of the bearing pressure plate 71, which causes the structural strength to be too low, thereby improving the structural strength of the position corresponding to the second threaded hole 712, thereby ensuring the structural safety and reliability of the bearing pressure plate 71.
[0043] In an embodiment of the utility model, the bearing pressure plate 71 includes an annular plate body and a boss 714 protruding in the thickness direction of the plate body. The second threaded hole 712 is arranged corresponding to the position of the boss 714. The first bearing seat 11 is provided with a groove 112 corresponding to the boss 714. It can be understood that the setting of the boss 714 thickens the structural thickness of the position corresponding to the second threaded hole 712 and improves the structural strength of the position corresponding to the second threaded hole 712. On the other hand, the cooperation between the boss 714 and the groove 112 improves the connection accuracy and connection strength between the bearing pressure plate 71 and the first bearing seat 11.
[0044] In the embodiment of the utility model, the second threaded hole 712 is provided with a plurality, and the third threaded hole 113 is correspondingly provided with a plurality, so that the bearing pressure plate 71 and the first bearing seat 11 are connected at multiple points, stress concentration is avoided, the outer ring of the first bearing 4 is clamped stably and reliably, and the safety and reliability of the structure are improved. The above four embodiments can be selected to exist alone, or multiple can exist at the same time.
[0045] The utility model also proposes a car, which includes a reducer 100. The specific structure of the reducer 100 refers to the above embodiment. Since the car adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0046] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A reducer for automobiles, characterized in that: include: A housing and an input shaft, wherein the input shaft is provided with a helical gear and a positioning shoulder; The first bearing and the second bearing are both installed in the housing and matched with the input shaft. In the axial direction of the input shaft, the helical gear is arranged close to the second bearing and away from the first bearing. The second bearing is movably arranged relative to the housing along the axial direction of the input shaft. A first stopper is disposed in the housing and connected to the input shaft, wherein the first stopper cooperates with the positioning shoulder to clamp the inner ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft; as well as, The second limiting member is disposed in the housing and connected to the housing. The second limiting member cooperates with the housing to clamp the outer ring of the first bearing in the axial direction of the input shaft.
2. The reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first threaded hole is recessed at one end of the input shaft corresponding to the first bearing, and the first limiting member includes a first bolt, the screw rod of the first bolt is threadedly connected to the first threaded hole, and the bolt head of the first bolt protrudes from the input shaft in the radial direction of the input shaft to press the inner ring of the first bearing onto the positioning shaft shoulder.
3. The reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing includes a first bearing seat for mounting the first bearing, and the second limiting member includes a bearing pressure plate, the bearing pressure plate having an opening extending through it in a thickness direction, and the bearing pressure plate is connected to the first bearing seat to press the outer ring of the first bearing against the bearing seat hole of the first bearing seat.
4. The reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bearing pressure plate has a preparation position in the housing and an assembly position connected to the first bearing seat, a second threaded hole is provided on the bearing pressure plate, and a third threaded hole is correspondingly provided on the first bearing seat, the third threaded hole and the second threaded hole are used for the screw rod of the second bolt to pass through in sequence, and the bolt head of the second bolt presses the outer side of the first bearing seat to position the bearing pressure plate at its assembly position; The input shaft is also provided with an assembly shoulder spaced apart from the positioning shoulder, the top surface of the assembly shoulder is provided with a step surface, the assembly shoulder has a first shoulder section away from the step surface and a second shoulder section facing the step surface, the step surface is used to abut against one side of the bearing pressure plate, and the top surface of the second shoulder section is used to abut against the inner wall of the opening of the bearing pressure plate, so as to realize the positioning of the bearing pressure plate at the preparation position; Wherein, when the bearing pressure plate is located at the assembly position, the bearing pressure plate and the assembly shaft shoulder are spaced apart.
5. The reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the bearing pressure plate is located at the assembly position, the interval between the bearing pressure plate and the assembly shoulder is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
6. The reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first bearing seat is provided with a guide groove, and the groove wall of the guide groove cooperates with the outer peripheral side of the bearing pressure plate to guide and position the bearing pressure plate when assembled to the first bearing seat.
7. The reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bearing pressure plate includes an annular plate body and a lug protruding from the outer annular surface of the plate body, and the second threaded hole is arranged corresponding to the position of the lug.
8. The reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bearing pressure plate includes an annular plate body and a boss protruding in the thickness direction of the plate body, the second threaded hole is arranged corresponding to the position of the boss, and the first bearing seat is provided with a groove corresponding to the boss.
9. The reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are a plurality of second threaded holes, and there are a plurality of corresponding third threaded holes.
10. An automobile, characterized in that: The automobile comprises a reducer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.