Novel Michelson interferometer experimental device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental light interference, and discloses a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device which comprises a movable mirror part (1), a beam splitting plate (2), an air chamber part (3), a fixed mirror part (4), a beam expanding mirror (5), a light source (6) and an observation screen (7), the beam expanding mirror (5), the movable mirror part (1) and the beam splitting plate (2) are located on the same level, the beam splitting plate (2) and the fixed mirror part (4) are located on the upper side and the lower side of the air chamber part (3), and the observation screen (7) is located on the upper side and the lower side of the air chamber part (3). The novel Michelson interferometer experimental device has the advantages that the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device is exquisite in structure, simple in design and wide in experimental testing range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental light interference and discloses a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device. Background Art

[0002] The Michelson interferometer is a device designed by Michelson in 1881 to study the speed of light. It is a precision optical device that uses the amplitude division method to generate double beams to achieve interference. It decomposes one beam of light into two mutually perpendicular coherent beams, and then re-converges them in another direction through reflection. Due to its structure, the light source, two reflectors and receiver are completely separated in space, with each of the four sides located in the east, south, west and north. This makes it easy to insert other devices in the optical path. For example, white light is used to measure the refractive index of glass and the refractive index of gas. The Michelson interferometer can also make the changes of equal thickness interference, equal inclination interference and various fringes very easy to adjust, and it is very convenient to carry out various precision measurements.

[0003] For example, the existing patent with publication number CN218674731U discloses a Michelson interferometer device for measuring the concentration of transparent liquid, which includes: a laser device, an experimental lens device, a liquid device to be measured, and a transparent liquid concentration measuring device; the laser device includes a helium-neon laser and a beam expander, and the helium-neon laser and the beam expander are installed at the same level; the experimental lens device includes a beam splitter E1, a filler mirror E2, and a reflector M2 at the same level at the center point; the liquid device to be measured includes a connecting rod mechanism, a reflector M1, a liquid component to be measured, and a moving guide rail component; the transparent liquid concentration measuring device includes a Michelson interferometer, and the receiving light screen of the Michelson interferometer is arranged in parallel with the reflector M1. The improved Michelson interferometer device broadens the measurement scope of the traditional Michelson interference experiment, increases the utilization rate of the experimental device, and can not only measure the wavelength of the laser on the original basis, but also be used to measure the concentration of the liquid.

[0004] However, the above patents contain:

[0005] This device may have certain limitations on the measurement sensitivity of liquid concentration, especially when the concentration is low or high, it may not provide sufficient accuracy, and secondly, it is greatly affected by the environment. Environmental factors such as temperature and pressure may affect the measurement results, requiring further calibration and adjustment.

[0006] According to the device example diagram disclosed in the above patent, the structure of the device is relatively complex, requiring precise assembly and adjustment, and the maintenance and operation costs may be high. Since the device is too complicated, the application scope of the device is limited to the Michelson interference experiment, and its main use is still limited to the measurement of liquid concentration. It may not be universal for other types of experiments. Finally, due to the overly complex structure, the cost of components including lasers, lenses, etc. may be high, which also limits the promotion and application of the device. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the utility model and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and utility model name of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, specification abstract and utility model name, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the utility model.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the main purpose of the utility model is to provide a new Michelson interferometer experimental device, comprising:

[0009] Moving mirror part 1, beam splitter plate 2, air chamber part 3, fixed mirror part 4, beam expander 5, light source 6, observation screen 7;

[0010] The beam expander 5 and the moving mirror part 1 are respectively located on both sides of the beam splitter plate 2, and the beam expander 5, the moving mirror part 1 and the beam splitter plate 2 are at the same level;

[0011] The beam splitter plate 2 and the fixed mirror portion 4 are located at the upper and lower sides of the air chamber portion 3, and the beam splitter plate 2, the fixed mirror portion 4 and the air chamber portion 3 are in the same vertical direction;

[0012] The observation screen 7 is located below the surface of the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device.

[0013] As a preferred solution of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model, wherein:

[0014] The performance indicators of the moving mirror part 1 include the fine adjustment movement accuracy of the moving mirror part 1: 0.0004mm, the coarse adjustment movement accuracy of the moving mirror part 1: 0.01mm, the fine adjustment movement distance of the moving mirror part 1: 1mm, and the coarse adjustment movement distance of the moving mirror part 1: 12mm;

[0015] The performance indexes of the beam splitter plate 2 include the flatness of the beam splitter plate 2: ≤1 / 20λ;

[0016] Output power of the light source 6: 0.8-1mW;

[0017] The measurement accuracy of the new Michelson interferometer experimental device: when the fringe count is greater than 100, the relative error of measuring the wavelength of monochromatic light is ≤2%;

[0018] The new Michelson interferometer experimental device has the following dimensions: 390×390;

[0019] The net weight of the new Michelson interferometer experimental device is 15kg.

[0020] As a preferred solution of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model, wherein:

[0021] A beam of light from the light source 6 is incident on a semi-reflective and semi-transparent parallel glass plate P1 tilted at 45 degrees. P1 divides the light beam into two beams. The first beam of light is reflected by P1 to the plane reflector M1, and the second beam of light passes through P1 and is incident on the plane reflector M2.

[0022] P2 is a compensating glass plate, whose material and thickness are the same as P1, and P2 is placed parallel to P1;

[0023] The plane reflector M1 is fixed and the plane reflector M2 is mounted on a slide rail driven by a lever;

[0024] As a preferred solution of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model, wherein:

[0025] The first beam of light is reflected by M1 and returns to P1;

[0026] The second beam of light is reflected by M2 and returns to P2;

[0027] The optical path difference between the two coherent light beams can be changed by moving the plane reflector M2. If the optical path meets the preset conditions, light and dark stripes are observed at the observation point. If the plane reflector M2 is continued to be moved, stripe 'swallowing and spitting' phenomenon will occur.

[0028] As a preferred solution of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model, wherein:

[0029] The method for using the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device includes:

[0030] S1. Place the Michelson interferometer experimental device on a stable and horizontal workbench, with the nameplate side facing the user;

[0031] S2, take out the one-dimensional adjustable lifting base, the light source 6 and the power supply, connect and fix the light source and the power supply to the base and place them on the left side of the Michelson interferometer realization device;

[0032] S3. Remove the upper cover of the host;

[0033] S4, inserting the observation screen 7 into the sleeve on the user side;

[0034] S5. Turn on the light source and start using the Michelson interferometer to implement the device.

[0035] As a preferred solution of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model, wherein:

[0036] The one-dimensional adjustable lifting base is used to adjust the height of the experimental device;

[0037] The host upper cover is used to cover the Michelson interferometer experimental device;

[0038] The power supply is used to power the Michelson interferometer experimental device;

[0039] The base is used for carrying the experimental device.

[0040] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0041] The utility model is exquisitely designed and widely used, and is applied to many scientific research fields;

[0042] The utility model is used in the study of fine structure of spectral lines and the calibration of standard rulers with light waves, and can quickly calibrate and compare the length of block gauges and the diameter of balls. The utility model can also measure the thermal expansion coefficient of solid materials, check the flatness of high-quality surfaces, the parallelism of two surfaces of transparent materials and the surface shape of lenses, and measure the refractive index of liquids. It is not only widely used in modern optical experiments, but also has its application value in modern physics and metrology technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a test light interference diagram of a new type of Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a top view of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model;

[0046] Figure 3 This is an experimental diagram of observing the Fabry-Perot interference phenomenon of a new type of Michelson interferometer experimental device of the utility model;

[0047] It includes: 1. moving mirror part; 2. beam splitter plate; 3. air chamber part; 4. fixed mirror part; 5. beam expander; 6. light source; 7. observation screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0051] Embodiment 1:

[0052] A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device, comprising:

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, a top view of a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device includes a moving mirror part 1, a beam splitter plate 2, an air chamber part 3, a fixed mirror part 4, a beam expander 5, a light source 6, and an observation screen 7;

[0054] Further, the beam splitter plate 2 is located in the middle of the upper surface of the novel Michael interference experimental device, the beam expander 5 and the moving mirror part 1 are respectively located on both sides of the beam splitter plate 2, and the beam expander 5, the moving mirror part 1 and the beam splitter plate 2 are at the same level;

[0055] Furthermore, the beam splitter plate 2 and the fixed mirror portion 4 are located at the upper and lower sides of the air chamber portion 3, and the beam splitter plate 2, the fixed mirror portion 4 and the air chamber portion 3 are in the same vertical direction;

[0056] The observation screen 7 is located below the surface of the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device;

[0057] Main performance indicators include: Moving mirror part 1 movement accuracy (fine adjustment): 0.0004mm

[0058] Moving mirror 1 movement accuracy (coarse adjustment): 0.01mm

[0059] Moving distance of moving mirror 1 (fine adjustment): 1mm

[0060] Moving distance of moving mirror 1 (coarse adjustment): 12mm

[0061] Beam splitter 2 flatness: ≤1 / 20λ

[0062] Light source 6 output power: 0.8-1mW

[0063] Measurement accuracy: When the fringe count is greater than 100, the relative error of the monochromatic wavelength is ≤ 2%

[0064] Instrument dimensions (mm): 390×390

[0065] Net weight of the instrument: 15kg.

[0066] Since a new type of Michelson interferometer experimental device has high requirements for the optical path, in order to prevent the platform on which the instrument is placed from being subjected to strong vibrations, which may cause changes in the accuracy of the instrument, the following points should be noted in the installation environment:

[0067] Ambient temperature 15~40℃;

[0068] Relative humidity <70%;

[0069] No strong vibration source or strong electromagnetic field interference source;

[0070] Keep the room clean and free of corrosive gases;

[0071] Place the instruments on a solid platform to conduct experiments;

[0072] Use a voltage-stabilized power supply device indoors to ensure good grounding;

[0073] The instrument should not be placed in a location exposed to strong light for a long time.

[0074] A method for using a novel Michelson interferometer experimental device, comprising:

[0075] S1. Place the Michelson interferometer on a stable and horizontal workbench, with the nameplate side facing the user;

[0076] S2, take out the one-dimensional adjustable lifting base, light source and power supply, connect and fix the light source and power supply to the base and place them on the left side of the Michelson interferometer implementation device;

[0077] Among them, the one-dimensional adjustable lifting base is used to adjust the height of the experimental device;

[0078] The power supply is used to power the Michelson interferometer experimental device;

[0079] The base is used to carry the experimental device

[0080] S3. Remove the host cover.

[0081] Among them, the mainframe cover is used to cover the Michelson interferometer experimental device;

[0082] S4. Insert the observation screen (7) into the sleeve on the user side.

[0083] S5. Turn on the light source and start using the Michelson interferometer to implement the device.

[0084] like Figure 1 As shown: Further, a beam of light emitted by the light source s is projected onto a semi-reflective and semi-transparent parallel glass plate P1 tilted at 45 degrees. P1 divides the light beam into two beams. One beam of light is reflected by P1 to the plane reflector M1, and the other beam is projected to the plane reflector M2 through P1. The two beams of light are reflected back to P1 by M1 and M2 respectively, and merge together. P2 is a compensating glass plate, and its material and thickness are the same as P1. P2 is placed parallel to P1, which ensures that the optical path of the two beams of light in the glass is completely equal. The plane reflector M1 is fixed. M2 is mounted on a slide rail driven by a lever, so M2 is a movable reflector. By moving M2, the optical path difference between the two coherent light beams can be changed. When the optical path meets certain conditions, light and dark stripes can be observed at E. If M2 continues to be moved, the stripe "swallowing and spitting" phenomenon will occur. By recording the number of "swallowing and spitting" of the stripes and the distance the M2 mirror moves, the wavelength of the corresponding monochromatic light source can be calculated by substituting them into the formula;

[0085] The light tested by the new Michelson interferometer experimental device includes: observing the non-local interference of point light sources, observing the interference fringes of equal inclination, observing the interference fringes of equal thickness, observing the interference phenomenon of white light, measuring the wavelength of the light source or filter, measuring the wavelength difference of the sodium yellow double line, measuring the refractive index of transparent medium thin sheets, measuring the refractive index of transparent gases, observing the interference phenomenon of Fabry-Perot, etc.

[0086] Embodiment 2:

[0087] Observe the non-localized interference of point light sources. Use the new Michelson interferometer experimental device to adjust the one-dimensional lifting base of the light source 6 so that the laser beam 2 just passes through the beam splitter plate 2 and is divided into two laser beams that irradiate the center of the moving and fixed reflectors respectively. Adjust the two-dimensional adjustment knob behind the moving mirror part 1 so that the reflected light beam just irradiates the center of the observation screen 7. Similarly, adjust the three knobs behind the fixed mirror so that the reflected light beam also irradiates the center of the observation screen 7 and coincides with the reflected light spot of the moving mirror part 1 (mainly look at the coincidence of the two brightest points in the two groups). Continuing from the previous steps, place the short-focal-length beam expander 5 on the laser and the light-emitting point. Make the laser beam converge into a point light source to illuminate the beam splitter plate 2. At this time, interference fringes can be seen at the observation screen 7. Carefully adjust each knob so that the interference fringes are in a circular ring, and adjust the center of the circular ring to the center of the observation screen 7. Gently turn the fine-tuning handwheel to move the moving mirror part 1 back and forth, and you can observe the changes in the "swallowing" and "spitting" of the interference fringes.

[0088] Among them, the angular spacing between two adjacent fringes is: Δθ = λ / (2dsinθ)

[0089] Where d is the thickness of the air film between the two reflectors, and θ is the inclination angle of the light emitted by the point light source;

[0090] According to the above formula, it can be deduced that: the smaller d is, the larger the fringe spacing is; the smaller θ is, the larger the fringe spacing is, that is, the interference fringes are sparse in the middle and dense at the edges. The interference fringes near the edge have a lower order, and the order increases as they move toward the center, with the center having the highest order.

[0091] Embodiment three:

[0092] Determine the wavelength difference of the double line of sodium yellow. The measurement steps include:

[0093] For sodium yellow light, it has two spectral lines λ1 and λ2, which are very close to each other. When d is a certain value d1, the K2-level bright fringe of λ2 and the k1-level dark fringe of λ1 overlap in the θ angle direction. That is, the fringe of each level is staggered. Since the light intensity of λ1 and λ2 is not much different, the visibility of the interference fringe is zero, and no interference fringe can be seen in the field of view.

[0094] When the moving mirror part 1 is gradually moved and d is increased or decreased to a certain d2, the interference order of λ2 in the same θ angle direction is changed from the original K2 order to (K2+ΔK) order, and if the order of λ1 is (K1+ΔK+1), the bright fringes of the two overlap with each other, and the dark fringes overlap with each other. Therefore, clear interference fringes can be seen in the field of view. If d is continued to change, the visibility will be zero.

[0095] According to the formula:

[0096] in is the average of the two wavelengths, and the sodium yellow light is

[0097] Therefore, we can use the experimental method to continuously and slowly move the moving mirror and read the position change value of the moving mirror when the adjacent visibility is zero, that is, Δd corresponding to one cycle. Δλ can be calculated according to the formula. Multi-cycle measurement must be used in the experiment.

[0098] Embodiment 4:

[0099] like Figure 3As shown, observe the Fabry-Perot interference phenomenon. The Fabry-Perot etalon is mainly composed of two parallel flat plates separated by three fixed spacer blocks. The interval between the two parallel silver-plated planes can be changed. The instrument is called Fabry-Perot interferometer. After the He-Ne laser, beam expander (L1), Fabry-Perot etalon (FP), and observation screen (E) are placed in order, visually modulate the coaxiality, adjust the He-Ne laser so that the emitted light beam is parallel to the platform surface, carefully adjust the beam expander and Fabry-Perot etalon until a very bright and sharp multi-beam interference ring can be clearly seen on the observation screen with the naked eye.

[0100] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only two embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be easily understood by the personnel referring to this disclosure that many modifications are possible, for example, the size, scale, structure, shape and ratio of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc., without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present utility model. The order or sequence of any process or method step can be changed or reordered according to the alternative embodiment. Any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of the execution function described in this article, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present utility model, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiment. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to several modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0101] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of example embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0102] It should be understood that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0103] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the technical solution of the utility model can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the utility model, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A new type of Michelson interferometer experimental device, characterized in that: include: A moving mirror part (1), a beam splitter plate (2), an air chamber part (3), a fixed mirror part (4), a beam expander (5), a light source (6), and an observation screen (7); The beam expander (5) and the moving mirror portion (1) are respectively located on two sides of the beam splitter plate (2), and the beam expander (5), the moving mirror portion (1) and the beam splitter plate (2) are at the same level; The beam splitter plate (2) and the fixed mirror portion (4) are located at the upper and lower sides of the air chamber portion (3), and the beam splitter plate (2), the fixed mirror portion (4) and the air chamber portion (3) are in the same vertical direction; The observation screen (7) is located below the surface of the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device.

2. A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performance indicators of the moving mirror part (1) include the fine adjustment movement accuracy of the moving mirror part 1: 0.0004mm, the coarse adjustment movement accuracy of the moving mirror part (1): 0.01mm, the fine adjustment movement distance of the moving mirror part 1: 1mm, and the coarse adjustment movement distance of the moving mirror part (1): 12mm; The performance indexes of the beam splitter plate (2) include the flatness of the beam splitter plate 2: ≤1 / 20λ; The output power of the light source (6) is 0.8-1 mW; The measurement accuracy of the new Michelson interferometer experimental device: when the fringe count is greater than 100, the relative error of measuring the wavelength of monochromatic light is ≤2%; The new Michelson interferometer experimental device has the following dimensions: 390×390; The net weight of the new Michelson interferometer experimental device is 15kg.

3. A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A beam of light emitted by a light source (6) is incident on a semi-reflective and semi-transparent parallel glass plate P1 inclined at 45 degrees. P1 divides the light beam into two beams. The first beam of light is reflected by P1 to a plane reflector M1, and the second beam of light passes through P1 and is incident on a plane reflector M2. P2 is a compensating glass plate, whose material and thickness are the same as P1, and P2 is placed parallel to P1; The plane reflector M1 is fixed, and the plane reflector M2 is mounted on a slide rail driven by a lever.

4. A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first beam of light is reflected by M1 and returns to P1; The second beam of light is reflected by M2 and returns to P2; The optical path difference between the two coherent light beams can be changed by moving the plane reflector M2. If the optical path meets the preset conditions, light and dark stripes are observed at the observation point. If the plane reflector M2 is continued to be moved, stripe 'swallowing and spitting' phenomenon will occur.

5. A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for using the novel Michelson interferometer experimental device includes: S1. Place the Michelson interferometer experimental device on a stable and horizontal workbench, with the nameplate side facing the user; S2, take out the one-dimensional adjustable lifting base, the light source (6) and the power supply, connect and fix the light source and the power supply to the base, and then place them on the left side of the Michelson interferometer implementation device; S3. Remove the upper cover of the host; S4, inserting the observation screen (7) into the sleeve on the user side; S5. Turn on the light source and start using the Michelson interferometer to implement the device.

6. A novel Michelson interferometer experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The one-dimensional adjustable lifting base is used to adjust the height of the experimental device; The host upper cover is used to cover the Michelson interferometer experimental device; The power supply is used to power the Michelson interferometer experimental device; The base is used for carrying the experimental device.

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