Sensor self-powered circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sensor self-powered circuit which comprises a power generation module, a rectification filtering module, a voltage stabilization module, a charging and discharging management module, a timing control module and a battery pack. The input end of the rectifying and filtering module is connected with the output end of the power generation module, and the rectifying and filtering module is used for receiving alternating-current signals output by the power generation module, converting the alternating-current signals into direct-current signals and filtering the direct-current signals; the input end of the voltage stabilizing module is connected with the output end of the rectifying and filtering module, and the voltage stabilizing module is used for stabilizing the voltage of the filtered direct current signal; the input end of the charging and discharging management module is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, the output end of the charging and discharging management module is connected with the battery pack, and the charging and discharging management module is used for realizing charging and discharging management; the output end of the timing control module is connected with the charging and discharging management module and used for adjusting the power supply time interval and the starting time interval. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, stable output voltage, real-time state data monitoring of the railway wagon and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model mainly relates to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular to a self-powered circuit for a sensor. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the rail transit industry, my country's rail transit has a large volume and variety, covering different speed levels of 100-350 kilometers per hour, including various complex operating environments such as high temperature, high cold, wind and sand, and has the characteristics of long-distance, large-volume and high-speed continuous operation. Among them, there are as many as 1 million randomly marshaled railway freight cars. At present, digital technology needs to be adopted to improve transportation efficiency and service quality. The future technical development trend of railway freight cars is to improve transportation efficiency, reduce operating costs, and improve safety measures through intelligent sensing and artificial intelligence technologies to achieve "smart freight". The on-board self-generating system and on-board intelligent sensing system of railway freight cars have become the focus of attention for the realization of "smart freight" by railway freight car equipment. In current research, the on-board self-generating system of railway freight cars mainly focuses on the recovery and utilization of vibration energy. The vibration energy harvesting technology is mainly divided into three types: electrostatic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric. All of them can convert the vibration energy in the surrounding environment into usable electrical energy. However, how to design a self-powered micro-control circuit to achieve efficient conversion and utilization of harvested energy and meet the safe and reliable operation of low-power intelligent sensing systems has become an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: in view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a sensor self-power supply circuit with simple structure, low cost and stable output voltage.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the utility model is:

[0005] A sensor self-powered circuit, comprising a power generation module, a rectification and filtering module, a voltage stabilization module, a charge and discharge management module, a timing control module and a battery pack;

[0006] The input end of the rectifier and filter module is connected to the output end of the power generation module, and is used to receive the AC signal output by the power generation module and convert it into a DC signal, and filter the DC signal;

[0007] The input end of the voltage stabilizing module is connected to the output end of the rectifying and filtering module, and is used to stabilize the voltage of the filtered DC signal;

[0008] The input end of the charge and discharge management module is connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, the output end of the charge and discharge management module is connected to the battery pack, and the charge and discharge management module is used to implement charge and discharge management;

[0009] The output end of the timing control module is connected to the charge and discharge management module for adjusting the power supply time interval and the start time interval.

[0010] Preferably, it further comprises an analog switch module and a battery protection module, wherein the analog switch module is located between the charge and discharge management module and the battery pack, and the battery protection module is connected to the analog switch module.

[0011] Preferably, it further comprises a sensing module, and the sensing module is connected to the charging and discharging management module.

[0012] Preferably, the rectification and filtering module includes a full-wave rectifier bridge and a filtering circuit; the full-wave rectifier bridge is composed of four diodes D4, D5, D10 and D11, the input end is connected to the output end of the power generation module, and the output end is connected to the filtering circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the filtering circuit comprises a decoupling capacitor C5 connected in parallel to the output end of the full-wave rectifier bridge, and a voltage regulator diode ZD1 is connected in parallel to the decoupling capacitor C5.

[0014] Preferably, the voltage stabilizing module adopts LTC3130 chip U1; the input terminal Vin of LTC3130 chip U1 is connected to the pin PGOOD of U1 via resistors R1 and R4 in sequence; the resistors R1 and R4 are connected in series to realize voltage division to provide input terminal signal for LTC3130 chip;

[0015] The input terminal Vin is grounded via capacitor C7, and the pin Pvin of U1 is grounded via capacitor C6. When grounding, bypass capacitors C7 and C6 are connected in series to stabilize the input signal of U1.

[0016] One end of capacitor C1 is connected to pin BST1 of U1, and the other end is connected to pin SW1 of U1 and one end of inductor H1. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to pin BST2 of U1, and the other end is connected to pin SW2 of U1 and the other end of inductor H1. Capacitors C1 and C2 are charged in boost mode and buck mode respectively. The output end of U1 is connected to a 5V power supply and is grounded through capacitor C3 to achieve grounding protection and voltage stabilization.

[0017] Preferably, VOUT of U1 is connected to ground via resistors R2 and R5 in sequence, the connection point between resistors R2 and R5 is connected to the FB terminal of U1, and the output voltage of U1 is set by a voltage divider composed of resistors R2 and R5.

[0018] Preferably, the charge and discharge management module includes an MCP73831 chip U2, and the output end of the rectifier and filter module is connected to the STAT start pin of U2 via the LED indicator L1 and the resistor R13 in sequence; a diode D6 is connected in series between the output end of the rectifier and filter module and the LED indicator L1, and the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the output end of the rectifier and filter module, and the anode is connected to the LED indicator L1;

[0019] Jumper J1 is connected to the power input of U2 and to the ground through capacitor C9 to keep the input stable; resistors R10 and R11 are connected in parallel to the PROG pin of U2; jumper J2 is connected in parallel to resistor R9, and then in series with capacitors C1 and C2, and finally in parallel with the battery pack.

[0020] Preferably, the timing control module includes a power gating circuit and a delay control circuit, the power gating circuit includes a TPL5110 chip U3, U3 is used as a power gating connection delay control circuit, U3 is connected to the switch tube Q1 through the resistor Rs1, the D end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to one end of the inductor H2, and the other end of the inductor H2 is connected to a filter module, and the output voltage filtering is realized through the filter module.

[0021] Preferably, the delay control circuit U5 is composed of three AND gate delay circuits U5B, U5C and U5D; the switch tube Q1 is connected in parallel with resistor R7 and then in series with resistor R12, and connected to the analog switch module; the output end of the U5A AND gate is connected to the control signal input end of the analog switch module through resistor R16, and one input of the U5A AND gate is the rectifier and voltage regulator output signal, and the other input is the comparison output signal of the battery protection module.

[0022] Preferably, the battery protection module uses CN312 chip U6 to achieve ultra-low power consumption voltage detection with adjustable hysteresis;

[0023] When the battery voltage is higher than the upward threshold of 3.6V and lasts longer than the delay time td, the LBO pin of U6 outputs a low level to allow output; when the battery voltage is lower than the downward threshold of 3.3V, the LBO pin outputs a high level to prohibit output;

[0024] One end of capacitors C13 and C14 is grounded, the other end of capacitor C13 is connected to VCC, and one end of capacitor C14 is connected to pin FTH of U6;

[0025] VCC is connected to ground via resistors R17, R18, RF1 and RT1 in sequence, wherein pin FTH of U6 is connected to the connection point between R18 and RF1, and pin RTH of U6 is connected to the connection point between RF1 and RT1.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the utility model are:

[0027] The self-powered alternating current of the utility model is converted into relatively stable direct current through rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization. When the DC system operates normally or is disturbed or fails after rectification, the charge and discharge management module and the energy control module can control the energy consumption power in the circuit, thereby controlling whether the entire circuit is put into operation, thereby maintaining safe and reliable operation of the entire system.

[0028] In view of the current status of self-powered micro-control circuits in sensor perception systems, the utility model needs to realize efficient conversion and utilization of collected energy and solve the problem of safe and reliable operation of low-power intelligent perception systems for railway freight cars. A sensor self-powered circuit is proposed. The utility model plays an important role in improving the operating safety of railway freight cars, reducing energy costs and improving the daily status management system of railway freight cars.

[0029] The utility model cancels the traditional power supply mode of the power grid and adopts the vibration energy collection mode to realize the power supply of the low-power intelligent sensing system of the truck, thereby saving energy costs and reducing vehicle wiring and management costs; using the full-wave rectification method to reduce the fluctuation of the output voltage, making the output voltage more stable; at the same time, the negative half cycle of the AC signal can also be effectively utilized, thereby improving the efficiency of energy conversion; the charge and discharge management and delay control circuit design realizes the power supply time interval and the start-up time interval, maintains the stable operation of the DC system, and realizes the real-time status data monitoring of railway trucks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a topological structure diagram of the sensor self-power supply circuit in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 The circuit diagram of the rectifier and filter module and the voltage stabilizing module in the embodiment of the utility model is shown in FIG.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the charge and discharge management module and the timing control module in an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the sensor self-powered circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model includes an AC input terminal (power generation module), a rectifier and filter module, a voltage stabilization module, a charge and discharge management module, a timing control module, a battery pack and a low-power sensing module (such as a radio frequency module, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor, etc.);

[0035] The AC input end (power generation module) is the vibration energy collection end, such as a quasi-linear magnetic levitation energy collection device, an electrostatic or piezoelectric energy collection device, etc., which is used to recover medium and low frequency vibration mechanical energy. Of course, the energy collected by the AC input end is not limited to vehicle vibration energy, but can also be wind energy, water wave energy, etc.

[0036] The rectifier and filter module includes a full-wave rectifier bridge and a filter circuit; the full-wave rectifier bridge converts the input AC signal into a DC signal with the same polarity; in addition, the full-wave rectifier bridge can also reduce the fluctuation of the output voltage, making the output voltage more stable. Through the full-wave rectifier bridge, the negative half cycle of the AC signal can also be effectively utilized, thereby improving the efficiency of the power supply; correspondingly, the input end of the filter circuit is connected to the output end of the full-wave rectifier bridge to filter the DC signal;

[0037] The voltage regulator module adopts BUCK / BOOST mode and is connected to the output end of the filter circuit to make the output 5V voltage more stable.

[0038] The charge and discharge management module is used to adjust the charging current of the lithium battery;

[0039] The timing control module includes a power gating circuit and a delay control circuit; wherein the output end of the delay control circuit is connected to the input end of the power gating circuit, and the output end of the power gating circuit is connected to the charge and discharge management module;

[0040] The power gating circuit is used for power gating, such as supplying power for 20 seconds every 15 minutes, shutting down the power output after each power cycle starts for more than 30 seconds, and converting the input voltage into the supply voltage;

[0041] The delay control circuit is used to adjust the power supply time interval and the start time interval;

[0042] The analog switch module is located between the charge and discharge management module and the battery pack and is used to control the power output;

[0043] The battery protection module is connected to the analog switch module; for example, when the battery voltage is higher than 3.6V, the output is allowed, and when the battery voltage is lower than 3.3V, the output is prohibited. The charge and discharge management module is used to control the charging current, and the maximum value of the battery voltage will not exceed 3.8V, which will not affect the working performance of the battery;

[0044] The battery pack is used to store the electricity generated by the energy collection end. It uses polymer batteries to prevent the possibility of violent explosion. It is equipped with short-circuit and overcurrent protection devices, low discharge structure design, and double-layer aluminum separators with winding process. The main technical specifications are: 14500 lithium battery, capacity 680mah, rated voltage 3.6V;

[0045] The low-power sensing module includes a radio frequency module and various types of sensors (such as temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors, etc.), which are mainly used for data collection to achieve real-time status monitoring so that the client can record and query. The module sends data once each time it is powered on, that is, it will no longer send data if the power is uninterrupted, and will send the second data after the next power-on. After the module is powered on, the system starts first, and then sends the monitoring data to the background. After the data is sent, it enters a low-power sleep state. Each sent monitoring data is recorded in the background, and the query client can query the recorded historical location data to realize the query of location information.

[0046] The self-powered alternating current of the utility model is converted into relatively stable direct current through rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization. When the DC system operates normally or is disturbed or fails after rectification, the charge and discharge management module and the energy control module can control the energy consumption power in the circuit, thereby controlling whether the entire circuit is put into operation, thereby maintaining safe and reliable operation of the entire system.

[0047] In view of the current status of self-powered micro-control circuits in sensor perception systems, the utility model needs to realize efficient conversion and utilization of collected energy and solve the problem of safe and reliable operation of low-power intelligent perception systems for railway freight cars. A sensor self-powered circuit is proposed. The utility model plays an important role in improving the operating safety of railway freight cars, reducing energy costs and improving the daily status management system of railway freight cars.

[0048] The utility model cancels the traditional power supply mode of the power grid and adopts the vibration energy collection mode to realize the power supply of the low-power intelligent sensing system of the truck, thereby saving energy costs and reducing vehicle wiring and management costs; using the full-wave rectification method to reduce the fluctuation of the output voltage, making the output voltage more stable; at the same time, the negative half cycle of the AC signal can also be effectively utilized, thereby improving the efficiency of energy conversion; the charge and discharge management and delay control circuit design realizes the power supply time interval and the start-up time interval, maintains the stable operation of the DC system, and realizes the real-time status data monitoring of railway trucks.

[0049] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the rectifier and filter module includes a full-wave rectifier bridge and a filter circuit; the full-wave rectifier bridge is composed of four diodes D4, D5, D10 and D11, the input end is connected to the output end of the power generation module, and the output end is connected to the voltage stabilizing filter circuit.

[0051] When the input AC voltage of the power generation module is positive, the D5 and D10 diodes in the full-wave rectifier bridge are turned on, the current flows from the input end to the output end, and the voltage at the output end is positive; when the input AC voltage is negative, the D4 and D11 diodes in the rectifier bridge are turned on, the current flows from the input end to the output end, and the voltage at the output end is still positive. Regardless of whether the input AC voltage is positive or negative, the output DC voltage always has the same polarity. The above-mentioned full-wave rectifier bridge can reduce the fluctuation of the output voltage and can effectively utilize the negative half cycle of the AC signal, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0052] Since the full-wave rectifier bridge only converts AC into unidirectional pulsating voltage and current, and since the DC signal contains a large AC component, it is usually necessary to connect a filter circuit (such as decoupling capacitor C5) to the output end of the rectifier circuit to filter out the AC component and obtain a smooth DC voltage. A voltage regulator diode ZD1 is also connected in parallel to the decoupling capacitor C5 to perform preliminary voltage stabilization.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the LTC3130 chip (U1) is used as the BUCK / BOOST voltage regulator module, which is connected to the output end of the filter circuit. The resistors R1 and R4 are connected in series to realize voltage division to provide the input end signal for the LTC3130 chip. When grounded, the bypass capacitors C7 and C6 are connected in series to stabilize the input signal of the BUCK / BOOST voltage regulator module. One end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the pin BST1 of U1, and the other end is connected to the SW1 pin of U1 and one end of the inductor H1. One end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the BST2 pin of U1, and the other end is connected to the SW2 pin of U1 and the other end of the inductor H1; the capacitors C1 and C2 are charged in the boost mode and the buck mode respectively. The output end of the BUCK / BOOST voltage regulator module U1 is connected to a 5V power supply and grounded through the capacitor C3 to achieve grounding protection and voltage stabilization.

[0054] The LTC3130 minimizes the solution footprint by allowing the use of tiny, low-profile inductors and ceramic capacitors. Built-in loop compensation and soft-start circuits reduce the number of external components and simplify the design. The output voltage of the LTC3130 is set using a voltage divider consisting of external resistors R2 and R5 from VOUT to ground. The voltage divider tap is connected to the FB pin of U1, and the output voltage can be set to any voltage range from 1.0V to 25V. Capacitor C3 is connected between the output supply and ground for voltage regulation, and capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with resistor R3 and connected between the output of U1 and ground to filter the output voltage, reduce burst mode ripple and improve the transient response of the voltage loop.

[0055] RUN is the input of the run comparator. At this time, the RUN pin needs to be raised to above 1.05V through a resistor divider. When the RUN pin is pulled above 0.6V (typical), the converter is placed in "standby mode" where the internal reference is enabled but the device does not switch. Connecting this pin to a resistor divider composed of R1 and R4 from VIN to ground allows accurate programming of the VIN starting device.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the DC voltage output end after full-bridge rectification is connected to an LED indicator L1, and the voltage is connected to the start pin of MCP73831 (U2) after being divided by resistor R13; a diode D6 is connected in series between the output end of the rectifier and filter module and the LED indicator L1, the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the output end of the rectifier and filter module, and the anode is connected to the LED indicator L1; the diode D6 realizes voltage stabilization and clamping, and is connected to the rectifier output end +VI.

[0057] Jumper J1 connects the power input of MCP73831 (U2) and ground through capacitor C9 to keep the input stable. Resistors R10 and R11 are connected in parallel to the PROG pin, jumper J2 connects resistor R9 in parallel, and then connects capacitors C1 and C2 in series, and finally connects in parallel with the battery pack.

[0058] MCP73831 (U2) is used as the charge and discharge management chip. The charge and discharge management module can adjust the charging current of the lithium battery by selecting different resistance values ​​of the PROG resistor. Finally, J2 is welded on the whole board. The battery is welded before the J2 short-circuit jumper is welded. After the supercapacitor voltage is equal to the battery voltage, short-circuit J2.

[0059] TPL5110 (U3) is used as a power supply selection connection delay control circuit (U5), and is connected to the switch tube Q1 through the resistor Rs1. The D end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the left end of the inductor H2. The right end of the inductor H2 is connected to a filter circuit (including capacitor C10 and resistor). The capacitor C10 is connected in parallel with the resistor R8 to achieve output voltage filtering.

[0060] The delay control circuit (U5) is composed of three AND gate delay circuits, U5B, U5C and U5D. The switch tube Q1 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7 and then in series with the resistor R12, and connected to the normally open end of the analog switch TS5A3166 (U4). The output end of the U5A AND gate is connected to the control signal input end of the analog switch TS5A3166 (U4) through the resistor R16. One input of the U5A AND gate is the rectifier voltage regulator output signal, and the other input is the comparison output signal of the battery protection chip CN312 chip (U6).

[0061] The switch tube Q1 is turned on when the power generation module is working and the battery power is higher than 3.6V, otherwise it is turned off; the on cycle supplies power for 20s every 15 minutes.

[0062] TPL5110 (U3) is used as a power gate, supplying power for 20 seconds every 15 minutes, and shutting down the power output after more than 30 seconds of each power cycle. Figure 3 The resistance values ​​of resistors Rd1, Rd2 and R18, R19, R20, and R21 in the delay control circuit (U5) shown can realize the power supply time interval and the start-up time interval. The entire delay circuit is composed of three AND gate delay circuits. The input end of the AND gate delay circuit is the power supply output end +VOUT. The delayed output signal is connected to TPL5110 (U3) through resistor R15 to realize the power supply timing gating function.

[0063] The analog switch module uses TS5A3166 (U4), which shuts off the power output when the battery is low or the power generation module is not triggered.

[0064] The battery protection module uses the CN312 chip (U6), which can realize ultra-low power voltage detection with adjustable hysteresis. When the battery voltage is higher than the upper threshold of 3.6V and lasts longer than the delay td (minimum 25 milliseconds), the LBO pin of CN312 outputs a low level to allow output; when the battery voltage is lower than the lower threshold of 3.3V, the LBO pin outputs a high level to prohibit output. Its hysteresis can eliminate the detection output disorder caused by the unstable battery voltage caused by the sudden change of the load of the low-power sensing module, that is, the DC system. Capacitors C13 and C14 are used to protect the circuit to achieve voltage stabilization, and resistors RT1, RF1, R17 and R18 realize voltage division to set the upper and lower thresholds of CN312.

[0065] In specific applications, the voltage of the power generation module is rectified and managed to output a standard 5V DC, which supplies power to the energy storage conversion circuit. When the voltage of the energy storage module reaches 3.8V, charging stops. At the same time, it detects whether the power generation module is working. When the power generation module is working normally and the battery voltage is greater than 3.6V, the energy storage module supplies power to the low-power sensing module for 20s every 15 minutes. When it is detected that there is an AC output and the battery voltage is above 3.3V, the low-power sensing module sends monitoring data and related status information to the background when it is working. After 20s, the low-power sensing module stops sending information to the background because the energy storage module stops supplying power. After 15 minutes of stopping power supply, the energy storage module will supply power to the low-power sensing module again for 20s, and this cycle will be repeated, thereby realizing self-powered energy storage and monitoring data transmission of the system.

[0066] The above are only preferred implementations of the utility model. The protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the idea of ​​the utility model belong to the protection scope of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the utility model should be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A sensor self-powered circuit, characterized in that: It includes a power generation module, a rectifier and filter module, a voltage stabilization module, a charge and discharge management module, a timing control module and a battery pack; The input end of the rectifier and filter module is connected to the output end of the power generation module, and is used to receive the AC signal output by the power generation module and convert it into a DC signal, and filter the DC signal; The input end of the voltage stabilization module is connected to the output end of the rectification and filtering module, and is used to stabilize the voltage of the filtered DC signal; The input end of the charge and discharge management module is connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, the output end of the charge and discharge management module is connected to the battery pack, and the charge and discharge management module is used to implement charge and discharge management; The output end of the timing control module is connected to the charge and discharge management module for adjusting the power supply time interval and the start time interval.

2. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an analog switch module and a battery protection module. The analog switch module is located between the charge and discharge management module and the battery pack, and the battery protection module is connected to the analog switch module.

3. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rectification and filtering module comprises a full-wave rectifier bridge and a filtering circuit; the full-wave rectifier bridge is composed of four diodes D4, D5, D10 and D11, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the power generation module, and the output end is connected to the filtering circuit.

4. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter circuit includes a decoupling capacitor C5 connected in parallel to the output end of the full-wave rectifier bridge, and a voltage regulator diode ZD1 is connected in parallel to the decoupling capacitor C5.

5. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The voltage stabilizing module adopts LTC3130 chip U1; the input terminal Vin of LTC3130 chip U1 is connected to the pin PGOOD of U1 through resistors R1 and R4 in sequence; the resistors R1 and R4 are connected in series to realize voltage division to provide input terminal signal for LTC3130 chip; The input terminal Vin is grounded via capacitor C7, and the pin Pvin of U1 is grounded via capacitor C6. When grounding, bypass capacitors C7 and C6 are connected in series to stabilize the input signal of U1. One end of capacitor C1 is connected to pin BST1 of U1, and the other end is connected to pin SW1 of U1 and one end of inductor H1. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to pin BST2 of U1, and the other end is connected to pin SW2 of U1 and the other end of inductor H1. Capacitors C1 and C2 are charged in boost mode and buck mode respectively. The output end of U1 is connected to a 5V power supply and is grounded through capacitor C3 to achieve grounding protection and voltage stabilization.

6. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: VOUT of U1 is connected to ground via resistors R2 and R5 in turn, the connection point of resistors R2 and R5 is connected to the FB terminal of U1, and the output voltage of U1 is set by the voltage divider composed of resistors R2 and R5.

7. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The charge and discharge management module includes an MCP73831 chip U2, and the output end of the rectifier and filter module is connected to the STAT start pin of U2 via the LED indicator L1 and the resistor R13 in sequence; a diode D6 is connected in series between the output end of the rectifier and filter module and the LED indicator L1, and the cathode of the diode D6 is connected to the output end of the rectifier and filter module, and the anode is connected to the LED indicator L1; Jumper J1 is connected to the power input of U2 and to the ground through capacitor C9 to keep the input stable; resistors R10 and R11 are connected in parallel to the PROG pin of U2; jumper J2 is connected in parallel to resistor R9, and then in series with capacitors C1 and C2, and finally in parallel with the battery pack.

8. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The timing control module includes a power gating circuit and a delay control circuit. The power gating circuit includes a TPL5110 chip U3. U3 is used as a power gating connection delay control circuit. U3 is connected to the switch tube Q1 through the resistor Rs1. The D end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to one end of the inductor H2. The other end of the inductor H2 is connected to a filter module. The output voltage filtering is realized by the filter module.

9. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The delay control circuit U5 is composed of three AND gate delay circuits U5B, U5C and U5D; the switch tube Q1 is connected in parallel with the resistor R7 and then in series with the resistor R12, and connected to the analog switch module; the output end of the U5A AND gate is connected to the control signal input end of the analog switch module through the resistor R16, and one input of the U5A AND gate is the rectifier and voltage regulator output signal, and the other input is the comparison output signal of the battery protection module.

10. The sensor self-powered circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The battery protection module uses CN312 chip U6 to achieve ultra-low power consumption voltage detection with adjustable hysteresis; When the battery voltage is higher than the upward threshold of 3.6V and lasts longer than the delay time td, the LBO pin of U6 outputs a low level to allow output; when the battery voltage is lower than the downward threshold of 3.3V, the LBO pin outputs a high level to prohibit output; One end of capacitors C13 and C14 is grounded, the other end of capacitor C13 is connected to VCC, and one end of capacitor C14 is connected to pin FTH of U6; VCC is connected to ground via resistors R17, R18, RF1 and RT1 in sequence, wherein pin FTH of U6 is connected to the connection point between R18 and RF1, and pin RTH of U6 is connected to the connection point between RF1 and RT1.

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