Open-type heading machine

Abstract

The utility model provides an open-type heading machine which is characterized in that an upper track is arranged along the first direction of the section of a shield body, the upper track is movably arranged along the second direction of the shield body, and a lower track is arranged along the first direction of the section of the shield body, is positioned on the lower side of the upper track and is movably arranged along the second direction of the shield body; the upper tunneling mechanism can move in a pitching and rotatable manner in the section of the shield body; the lower tunneling mechanism can move in a pitching and rotatable manner in the section of the shield body; the supporting mechanism is telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the shield body in the second direction, and the supporting mechanism stretches out of the shield body when stretching out. Cutting requirements of different sections can be met through movement of the upper track and the lower track in the second direction and movement, pitching and rotation of the upper tunneling mechanism and the lower tunneling mechanism on the upper track and the lower track respectively, meanwhile, the supporting mechanism can stretch out to prevent stratum collapse during tunneling, an excavation face is supported in time, construction safety is guaranteed, and the construction efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, block falling and springback are avoided, and the construction environment is clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of shield machines, in particular to a tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are three methods for tunnel excavation: mining method, shield method and TBM method. Among them, the traditional mining method usually requires blasting, which is unsafe; the shield method is generally suitable for soft soil strata, while the TBM method is suitable for hard rock strata and is expensive. When using the shield method and TBM method for construction, the excavation section size is fixed and cannot adapt to sections with variable cross-sectional sizes of the mountain. In addition, the shield method excavation and assembly of pipe segments are carried out separately, and the efficiency is relatively low. Utility Model Content

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the utility model is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an open-type tunnel boring machine that can adapt to mountain strata with different cross-sections, has high safety, and can adapt to soft soil and hard rock strata; in addition, tunneling and concrete pouring can be carried out simultaneously, greatly improving construction efficiency.

[0004] Technical solution: The open-type tunnel boring machine described in the utility model comprises:

[0005] shield;

[0006] An upper track, the upper track is arranged along a first direction of the shield cross section, and the upper track is movably arranged along a second direction of the shield;

[0007] A lower track, the lower track is arranged along a first direction of the shield body cross section, is located at the lower side of the upper track, and is movably arranged along a second direction of the shield body;

[0008] An upper excavation mechanism, which is movably arranged on an upper track and can move in a pitching and rotatable manner within the shield section;

[0009] A lower excavation mechanism, which is movably arranged on a lower track and can move in a pitching and rotatable manner within the shield section;

[0010] The supporting mechanism is telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the shield body along the second direction, and the supporting mechanism extends out of the shield body when extended.

[0011] Furthermore, a propulsion cylinder is arranged on the inner periphery of the rear end of the shield body, and the propulsion cylinder pushes the shield body forward by abutting against the steel template. Furthermore, the upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism respectively realize movement on the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail through a rolling mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper rail and the lower rail are moved in the second direction by a pushing cylinder arranged on the shield support beam.

[0013] Furthermore, the shield body is also provided with a guide mechanism for guiding the upper track and the lower track to move along the second direction; the guide mechanism includes a guide beam and a guide track, the guide beam is arranged in the shield body, and the guide beam is provided with a guide track on the side facing the upper and lower tracks, and the ends of the upper track and the lower track slide along the guide track.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism achieve pitch and rotation through a swing cylinder and a rotation cylinder respectively arranged on the upper track and the lower track.

[0015] Furthermore, the supporting mechanism includes a connecting seat fixed on the shield body, a telescopic oil cylinder arranged on the connecting seat, and a supporting plate connected to the telescopic oil cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the supporting plate includes a connecting plate hinged to the telescopic cylinder and side plates forming a column.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a slag conveying device, which includes a bucket, a screw conveyor and a belt conveyor. The bucket is arranged at the front end of the shield body, the belt conveyor extends from the front end to the rear end of the shield body, and the screw conveyor connects the bucket and the belt conveyor.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism include detachable cutting heads.

[0019] Beneficial effects: 1. The utility model can realize the cutting requirements of different sections through the movement of the upper and lower tracks along the second direction, the movement, pitching and rotation of the upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism on the upper and lower tracks respectively. At the same time, the support mechanism can be extended during excavation to prevent stratum collapse, timely support the excavation surface, ensure construction safety, avoid block falling and rebound, and keep the construction environment clean.

[0020] 2. The propulsion cylinder of the utility model is pushed on the assembled steel template to obtain the propulsion force to push the shield forward and provide the excavation thrust required to break the hard rock. After the concrete between the steel template and the surrounding rock hardens, it can be removed and transported to the front end for further assembly and pushing, thereby realizing the recycling of the steel template. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a rear view of the tunnel boring machine of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the shield of the tunnel boring machine of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism structure;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the tunneling mechanism on the track;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a top view of the upper roadheader in high-position working status;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a top view of the upper roadheader in the low working state;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a top view of the lower tunnel boring machine working at the highest position;

[0028] Figure 8 A top view of the lower tunnel boring machine in its most rearward position;

[0029] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the lower tunnel boring machine in its lowest working position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0031] An open tunnel boring machine, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, it includes a shield body 1, a supporting mechanism 2, a propulsion cylinder 3, an upper track 601, a lower track 602, an upper excavation mechanism 501, a lower excavation mechanism 502, and a slag conveying device 7.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of propulsion cylinders 3 are arranged around the inner wall of the rear end of the shield body 1, and all propulsion cylinders 3 are arranged on the same section of the shield body 1, and the propulsion cylinders 3 are used to push the entire tunnel boring machine forward. The function of assembling the steel template 4 is to inject concrete between the steel template 4 and the surrounding rock simultaneously while excavating, so as to achieve a timely closed support effect, and after the concrete hardens, the steel template 4 is removed and transported to the front for assembly, so as to realize the cyclical use of the steel template 4. The front end cylinder body of the propulsion cylinder 3 of this embodiment is fixed on the shield body 1, and the rear end piston is pressed on the steel template 4. The piston of the propulsion cylinder 3 extends out and pushes on the steel template 4 to obtain a propulsion reaction force.

[0033] The upper track 601 and the lower track 602 are arranged along the first direction of the cross section of the shield body 1. For example, the first direction is the horizontal direction of the cross section of the shield body 1. The upper excavation mechanism 501 is movably arranged on the upper track 601, and the lower excavation mechanism 502 is movably arranged on the lower track 602; the excavation mechanism expands the horizontal range of excavation by horizontally moving on the track.

[0034] In some embodiments, the upper excavation mechanism 501 and the lower excavation mechanism 502 are respectively moved on the upper guide rail 601 and the lower guide rail 602 by a rolling mechanism. Exemplarily, the rolling mechanism may include rollers that roll along the upper guide rail 601 and the lower guide rail 602 and a reducer 11 that drives the rollers to rotate, and the rollers are rotatably arranged at the bottom of the upper excavation mechanism 501 and the lower excavation mechanism 502. The rollers drive the upper excavation mechanism 501 and the lower excavation mechanism 502 to move along the first direction on the upper rail 601 and the lower rail 602 respectively through the drive of the reducer 11.

[0035] In addition, the upper rail 601 and the lower rail 602 are movably arranged along the second direction of the shield body 1. For example, the second direction is the length direction of the shield body 1; the rail moves forward in the second direction to provide forward excavation force, and moves backward to facilitate replacement of the cutting head 5 and maintenance.

[0036] In some embodiments, the upper rail 601 and the lower rail 602 are moved in the second direction by a pushing cylinder 10 arranged on the support beam of the shield body 1. Specifically, a longitudinal support beam 8 and a transverse support beam 9 are arranged inside the shield body 1, the longitudinal support beam 8 is arranged vertically inside the shield body 1, and two transverse support beams 9 are horizontally fixed on the longitudinal support beam 8, and the heights of the transverse support beams 9 correspond to the horizontal planes where the upper rail 601 and the lower rail 602 are located. A pushing cylinder 3 is arranged on each of the two transverse support beams 9, and the cylinder body of the pushing cylinder 3 is fixed on the transverse support beam 9, and the piston is connected to the upper rail 601 or the lower rail 602, so when the piston of the pushing cylinder 10 is extended, the upper and lower rails 602 can be pushed to move in the second direction.

[0037] In some embodiments, the shield body 1 is further provided with a guide mechanism for guiding the upper and lower rails 602 to move along the second direction. Specifically, the guide mechanism includes a guide beam 16 arranged on both sides of the shield body 1 and a guide rail 17 arranged on the guide beam 16. The guide beam 16 is longitudinally arranged in the shield body 1, and the length of the guide beam 16 along the second direction must be greater than the moving distance of the upper and lower rails 601 and 602 in the second direction. The guide beam 16 is provided with a horizontal guide rail 17 on the side facing the upper and lower rails 601 and 602, and the two ends of the upper and lower rails 601 and 602 can be respectively embedded in the guide rail 17 and slide horizontally along the guide rail 17 to achieve guided movement in the second direction. Exemplarily, sliding parts and lubricating parts can be provided at both ends of the upper and lower rails 601 and 602 to help them slide effectively for a long time and reduce sliding friction.

[0038] like Figure 5-9As shown, the upper excavation mechanism 501 can move in pitch and rotation within the cross section of the shield body 1, and the lower excavation mechanism 502 can move in pitch and rotation within the cross section of the shield body 1. Specifically, the pitch and rotation of the excavation mechanism are controlled by the upper and lower swing cylinders 15 and the rotating cylinder 12 respectively to adapt to different excavation sections. The upper and lower tracks 602 are both provided with a rotating cylinder 12, and the rotating cylinder 12 can drive the rotating disk 14 set on the base 13 to rotate. The rotating disk 14 is provided with a swing cylinder 15, and the end of the swing cylinder 15 is provided with a cutting head 5. It can be imagined that under the drive of the rotating cylinder 12, the swing cylinder 15 and the cutting head 5 can rotate with the rotating disk 14. While rotating, the swing cylinder 15 can drive the cutting head 5 to swing up and down. Therefore, this structure can enable the cutting head 5 to adapt to the excavation of various excavation faces.

[0039] Each excavation mechanism comprises a cutting head 5, which is replaceable and is equipped with a cutting head or a hard rock conical cutter disc.

[0040] The support mechanism 2 is telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the shield body 1 along the second direction, and includes a connection seat 201 fixed on the shield body 1, a telescopic oil cylinder 202 arranged on the connection seat 201, and a support plate 203. The telescopic oil cylinder 202 can push the support plate 203 to move in the second direction. After the excavation mechanism excavates the upper section, the support plate 203 is pushed out by the telescopic oil cylinder 202 to prevent the upper rock debris from falling and damaging equipment and personnel due to the collapse of the stratum, so as to adapt to the excavation of complex geology.

[0041] In some embodiments, the support plate 203 includes a connecting plate and four side plates. The connecting plate is hinged to the telescopic cylinder 202, and the telescopic cylinder 202 pushes the support mechanism 2 to move by being hinged to the connecting plate. The four side plates form a column and are fixed to the connecting plate, and the support function of preventing collapse is mainly completed by the side plates.

[0042] In some embodiments, the support plate 203 is installed on the inner wall of the shield body 1 through a suspension frame, and the suspension frame supports the support plate 203. At the same time, the telescopic movement of the support plate 203 is limited to the internal space of the suspension frame to ensure that the telescopic movement is performed along the second direction.

[0043] The lower part of the shield body 1 is also provided with a slag conveying device 7, which is composed of two buckets 701, a screw conveyor 702 and a belt conveyor 703. The screw conveyor 702 is horizontally connected to the two buckets 701 along the cross section of the shield body 1, and the slag excavated in the front is conveyed to the screw conveyor through the two buckets 701. The belt conveyor 703 is inclined along the length direction of the shield body 1 and connected to the middle part of the screw conveyor. The screw conveyor conveys the slag to the belt conveyor 703 in the middle, and the slag is conveyed from the front end of the shield body 1 to the rear end of the shield body 1 through the belt conveyor 703.

[0044] As described above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An open type tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: include: shield; An upper track, the upper track is arranged along a first direction of the shield cross section, and the upper track is movably arranged along a second direction of the shield; A lower track, the lower track is arranged along a first direction of the shield body cross section, is located at the lower side of the upper track, and is movably arranged along a second direction of the shield body; An upper excavation mechanism, which is movably arranged on an upper track and can move in a pitching and rotatable manner within the shield section; A lower excavation mechanism, which is movably arranged on a lower track and can move in a pitching and rotatable manner within the shield section; The supporting mechanism is telescopically arranged on the inner wall of the shield body along the second direction, and the supporting mechanism extends out of the shield body when extended.

2. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A propulsion cylinder is arranged on the inner periphery of the rear end of the shield body, and the propulsion cylinder pushes the shield body forward by abutting against the steel template.

3. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism respectively realize movement on the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail through a rolling mechanism; The upper track and the lower track are provided with reducers which can respectively drive the upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism to move along the first direction.

4. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper rail and the lower rail are moved in the second direction by a pushing cylinder arranged on the shield support beam.

5. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shield body is also provided with a guide mechanism for guiding the upper track and the lower track to move along the second direction; the guide mechanism includes a guide beam and a guide track, the guide beam is arranged in the shield body, and the guide beam is provided with a guide track on the side facing the upper and lower tracks, and the ends of the upper track and the lower track slide along the guide track.

6. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism realize pitching and rotation respectively through a swing oil cylinder and a rotation oil cylinder arranged on the upper track and the lower track.

7. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting mechanism comprises a connecting seat fixed on the shield body, a telescopic oil cylinder arranged on the connecting seat and a supporting plate connected to the telescopic oil cylinder.

8. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supporting plate comprises a connecting plate hinged to the telescopic oil cylinder and side plates forming a column.

9. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a slag conveying device, which includes a bucket, a screw conveyor and a belt conveyor. The bucket is arranged at the front end of the shield body, the belt conveyor extends from the front end to the rear end of the shield body, and the screw conveyor connects the bucket and the belt conveyor.

10. The open type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper excavation mechanism and the lower excavation mechanism include detachable cutting heads.

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