Antenna and communication module

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna and a communication module. The main body structure of the antenna comprises a first conductive via hole which is longitudinally arranged, and at least one layer of first antenna radiation unit and at least one layer of second antenna radiation unit which are longitudinally stacked on different layers; wherein each layer of first antenna radiation unit is provided with a snakelike bending line part; each layer of second antenna radiation unit comprises a first pattern part, a second pattern part and a third pattern part which are sequentially arranged at intervals, the second pattern part and the third pattern part are connected through a corresponding step part, and the step part, the second pattern part and the first pattern part are also connected through a rectangular strip part; the first conductive via hole connects the snakelike bending line part of each layer of first antenna radiation unit and the step part or the rectangular long strip part of each layer of second antenna radiation unit, can completely cover three frequency bands of 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz, can filter useless frequency bands among useful frequency bands, and can be produced in a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular to an antenna and a communication module. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as people's demand for smart life continues to increase, the demand for smart homes, smart cities and other fields is growing, and the number of IOT (Internet of Things) devices is rising rapidly. In the future, with the development of IOT technology, most devices, terminals and sensors will be based on IOT to achieve full perception and digitization of the Internet of Things. Among them, wireless modules are the core components to realize the "Internet of Everything" of IOT devices, and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are currently the most commonly used wireless network access methods for IOT wireless modules. However, with the continuous increase in the installed base of various Wi-Fi and Bluetooth IOT devices, some problems have also followed. For example, in the face of the growing demand for IOT Internet access, the 2.4GHz (2400-2483.5MHz) ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) frequency band that currently carries the wireless network access of most IOT devices is already very crowded. In addition to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, this band also has wireless data transmission streams such as ZigBee, Wireless USB, and various 2.4G wireless private protocols. This has led to further aggravation of 2.4GHz channel congestion, performance limitations, and reduced QoS. The most intuitive feeling of users is the increased network latency, decreased data transmission rate, and increasingly frequent mutual interference between Wi-Fi routers and other wireless devices.

[0003] Therefore, the necessity of IOT wireless modules to access the 5GHz ISM band is increasing, and wireless modules with both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands will have greater advantages. Based on this, how to design an antenna with a relatively simple structure, low cost, and high performance, so that it can achieve full coverage of the 2.4GHz / 5GHz spectrum and filter out useless bands between useful frequency bands, is one of the technical problems that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide an antenna and a communication module, which have a relatively simple structure, low cost, can be widely used and have high performance, can achieve full coverage of the 2.4GH / 5GHz spectrum and can filter out useless frequency bands between useful frequency bands.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides an antenna, whose main structure includes a first conductive via arranged longitudinally, and at least one layer of first antenna radiation unit and at least one layer of second antenna radiation unit stacked longitudinally on different levels; wherein,

[0006] The first antenna radiation unit of each layer has a serpentine bending line portion;

[0007] The second antenna radiation unit of each layer includes a first pattern portion, a second pattern portion and a third pattern portion which are arranged in sequence, the second pattern portion and the third pattern portion are connected by a corresponding step portion, and the step portion, the second pattern portion and the first pattern portion are also connected by a rectangular strip portion;

[0008] The first conductive via connects the serpentine bending line portion of the first antenna radiation unit of each layer and the stepped portion or the rectangular strip portion of the second antenna radiation unit of each layer.

[0009] Optionally, one layer of the first antenna radiation unit further has a feed line portion, a ground line portion, and a connecting plate portion, the connecting plate portion is arranged on one side of the head end of the serpentine bending line portion, the feed line portion and the ground line portion are arranged in parallel and at intervals, the connecting plate portion respectively connects the head end of the serpentine bending line portion, one end of the feed line portion and one end of the ground line, and the other end of the feed line portion and the other end of the ground line are both connected to corresponding reference grounds.

[0010] Optionally, the first antenna radiating unit having the feeder portion has at least one of the following structural features:

[0011] (1) The feeder portion and the grounding portion are of equal length;

[0012] (2) The line width of the feed line portion is smaller than the line width of the ground line portion;

[0013] (3) The line width of the feeder portion is equal to the line width of the serpentine bending line portion;

[0014] (4) One side of the connecting piece is aligned with the grounding line portion, and the other side is aligned with the feeding line portion;

[0015] (5) There is a first interval between the tail end of the serpentine bending line portion and the reference ground, there is a second interval between the valley bottom position of the serpentine bending line portion and the reference ground, and the first interval is smaller than the second interval;

[0016] (6) The size of the first interval is smaller than the length of the grounding wire portion;

[0017] (7) The distance between the first pattern portion and the reference ground is greater than the length of the ground line portion;

[0018] (8) The first antenna radiating unit having the feeder section is the topmost layer among the antenna radiating units in all layers.

[0019] Optionally, the antenna further includes a plurality of second conductive vias arranged longitudinally, and the second graphic portion of the second antenna radiation unit in each layer is connected to the connecting piece portion through the second conductive vias.

[0020] Optionally, the second conductive vias are alternately arranged on the same straight line; and / or the number of the second conductive vias distributed on the connecting sheet portion and the feeding line portion is two.

[0021] Optionally, the serpentine bending line portions of the first antenna radiating units in each layer are the same, and the serpentine bending line portions of the first antenna radiating units in each layer are also connected by at least one third conductive via arranged longitudinally.

[0022] Optionally, the third conductive vias are provided at both ends and each corner of the serpentine bending line portion.

[0023] Optionally, the second antenna radiation unit has at least one of the following structural parameters:

[0024] (1) One side of the step portion is in a step shape, and the other side is in a straight line shape, and the angle between the straight line side of the step portion and the second pattern portion is an acute angle;

[0025] (2) The first pattern portion, the second pattern portion, and the third pattern portion are all regular patterns, and any two of them are different.

[0026] (3) The first pattern portion is a rectangle, and the end of the rectangular strip portion forms a missing corner with the rectangle of the first pattern portion;

[0027] (4) the second graphic portion is a trapezoid with a wide upper base and a narrow lower base, and the upper base of the trapezoid is connected to the rectangular strip portion;

[0028] (5) The line width of the second pattern portion on a side close to the reference ground of the antenna is equal to the line width of the serpentine bending line portion;

[0029] (6) The third graphic portion is a regular polygon, an ellipse or a circle.

[0030] Optionally, the second graphic portion is an isosceles trapezoid; and / or the third graphic portion is a rounded regular polygon.

[0031] Optionally, at least one layer of the second antenna radiation unit further includes a slender branch section, one end of the slender branch section is connected to the third graphic section, and the other end extends along the overall extension direction of the serpentine bending line section.

[0032] Optionally, the longitudinal distance between two adjacent layers of the first antenna radiation units is 0.15mm~0.25mm, the longitudinal distance between two adjacent layers of the second antenna radiation units is 0.15mm~0.25mm, and the longitudinal distance between adjacent first antenna radiation units and second antenna radiation units is 0.5mm~0.7mm.

[0033] Optionally, the first antenna radiation unit at the top layer is formed on a front surface of a dielectric substrate and is located in a clearance area, the second antenna radiation unit at the bottom layer is formed on a back surface of the dielectric substrate, and the first conductive via penetrates the dielectric substrate.

[0034] Based on the same utility model concept, the utility model further provides a communication module, which includes a dielectric substrate and the antenna as described in the utility model, wherein the main structure of the antenna is formed on one end region of the dielectric substrate.

[0035] Optionally, copper is applied to the surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate to form a reference ground for the antenna, and a grounding line portion and a feeder line portion of a first antenna radiation unit in the main structure are both connected to the reference ground.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The antenna adopts a multi-layer heterogeneous design, eliminating certain structural control parameters;

[0038] 2. By reasonably setting the size parameters of each part of the antenna, the three frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz can be fully covered, and the useless frequency bands between the useful frequency bands can be filtered out to avoid interference from the existing system;

[0039] 3. The multi-layer structure of the antenna is stacked vertically, which can achieve the requirements of miniaturization and low profile, thereby reducing the overall size of the system using the antenna;

[0040] 4. The antenna material cost is low and can be mass-produced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a front three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back three-dimensional structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0044] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the first layer antenna body of the antenna shown is a front plan view.

[0045] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the front plan structure of the second layer antenna body of the antenna shown is shown.

[0046] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth layer antenna body of the antenna shown is a top view from the back side.

[0047] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The back side top view of the third layer antenna body of the antenna shown is a schematic diagram.

[0048] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a return loss S11 curve of the antenna is shown.

[0049] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna shown.

[0050] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the maximum gain curve of the antenna shown.

[0051] Fig.10 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the XOZ / XOY radiation direction of the antenna at a frequency of 2450 MHz.

[0052] Fig.11 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the XOZ / XOY radiation direction of the antenna at a frequency of 5200 MHz.

[0053] Fig.12 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the XOZ / XOY radiation direction of the antenna at a frequency of 5300 MHz.

[0054] Fig.13 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the XOZ / XOY radiation direction of the antenna at a frequency of 5750 MHz.

[0055] Fig.14 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the XOZ / XOY radiation direction of the antenna at a frequency of 5850 MHz.

[0056] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0057] 1-first layer first antenna radiation unit, 11-ground line portion, 12-feed line portion, 13-connecting piece portion, 14-snake-shaped bending line portion, 14a-first horizontal line segment, 14b-first vertical line segment, 2-second layer first antenna radiation unit, 2a-first horizontal line segment, 2b-first vertical line segment, 3-first layer second antenna radiation unit, 31-first graphic portion of the first layer second antenna radiation unit, 32-second graphic portion of the first layer second antenna radiation unit, 33-third graphic portion of the first layer second antenna radiation unit, 34-rectangular strip portion of the first layer second antenna radiation unit, 35-first layer second antenna radiation The stepped portion of the unit, 36-the slender branch node of the first layer second antenna radiation unit, 4-the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 41-the first graphic portion of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 42-the second graphic portion of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 43-the third graphic portion of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 44-the rectangular strip portion of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 45-the stepped portion of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 46-the slender branch node of the second layer second antenna radiation unit, 5a-the first conductive via, 5b-the second conductive via, 5c-the third conductive via, 6-reference ground, 7-dielectric substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In the following description, a large number of specific details are given in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the utility model. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the utility model can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the utility model, some technical features known in the art are not described. It should be understood that the utility model can be implemented in different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments proposed here. On the contrary, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and the scope of the utility model will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals represent the same elements from beginning to end. It should be understood that when an element is referred to as "connected to", "coupled" other elements, it can be directly connected to other elements, or there can be intervening elements. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as "directly connected to" other elements, there is no intervening element. When used here, the singular forms of "one", "an" and "said / the" are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates another way. It should also be understood that the term "comprising" is used to identify the presence of features, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups. When used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0059] Wi-Fi antennas, Bluetooth antennas, ISM band IOT module antennas, etc., refer to antennas suitable for wireless modules or systems such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and wireless USB that work in the 2.4G or 5GISM bands. The 2.4GHz ISM band is 2400MHz to 2483.5MHz. The number of IOT devices connected to this band is the largest. It is the most typical working frequency band for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, wireless USB, and various private protocol modules; the 5GHz ISM band is 4910MHz to 5875MHz, of which the bands usually allowed for civilian use are 5150MHz to 5350MHz (i.e., 5.2GHz band) and 5725MHz to 5850MHz (i.e., 5.8GHz band). Currently, common ISM band IOT module antennas can be basically divided into three types: 2.4GHz single-band, 5GHz single-band, and 2.4 / 5GHz multi-band.

[0060] As mentioned in the background technology, most IOT modules such as Wi-Fi, BLE, ZigBee, etc. currently only operate in the 2.4GHz frequency band. Faced with the increasingly serious network congestion in the 2.4G frequency band, the necessity for IOT wireless modules to access the 5G frequency band is gradually increasing.

[0061] Currently, most 2.4GHz+5GHz multi-band IOT module antennas are designed with a single-layer structure. In order to meet the frequency coverage requirements, the antenna needs multiple radiation structures for the corresponding frequency bands, or the introduction of broadband structure design technology. These structures are combined on the same plane, which requires a larger plane space to be reserved, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna, and also makes it impossible to achieve the ideal miniaturization size of the IOT module and system using the modified antenna.

[0062] In addition, among the existing multi-band IOT module antennas, most of them will use notch antenna technology for Wi-Fi usage scenarios. The notch antenna is specifically designed by digging a slot of a specific length on the surface of the antenna structure, or adding a parasitic patch that can change the antenna resonance mode, to change the distribution of the patch surface current at a specific resonant frequency, thereby completing the notch of some narrower frequency band signals. Moreover, notch antennas are usually designed for specific frequency bands. Before notch processing, the original antenna design bandwidth is too large, covering some useless frequency bands, so it may introduce interference or cause interference to other systems. At this time, it is necessary to use notch means to filter out, such as the WiMax frequency band of 3.4GHz to 3.69GHz, or the C-band radar signal of 3.7GHz to 4.2GHz, etc. However, this notch design can only guarantee the application scenarios under the current spectrum allocation status. If the spectrum between the 2.4GHz to 5GHz frequency band is reallocated or new spectrum resources are enabled in the future, the previously designed notch antenna will inevitably be affected.

[0063] Based on this, the utility model provides an antenna with an innovative multi-layer heterogeneous structure design, which can operate in three frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz, and can exclude almost all useless frequency bands between each passband. At the same time, it has the advantages of small size, low profile, low cost and high performance. It is easy to process, can be mass-produced, and has a wide range of application scenarios.

[0064] The technical solution proposed by the utility model is further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. According to the following description, the advantages and features of the utility model will be more clear. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the utility model.

[0065] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 An embodiment of the utility model provides an antenna, wherein the main structure of the antenna is made on an end region of a dielectric substrate 7 and is a multi-layer structure, and includes at least one first antenna radiating unit and at least one second antenna radiating unit stacked vertically (i.e., stacked in the z direction) on different levels. Copper is laid on the other end region of the dielectric substrate 7 to form a reference ground 6 of the antenna, and a first antenna radiating unit is connected to the reference ground 6 in the main structure of the antenna.

[0066] As an example, the dielectric substrate 7 is a FR4 substrate, whose dielectric constant is 4.4 and loss tangent is 0.02. The dielectric substrate 7 has a front side and a back side that are arranged opposite to each other. The first antenna radiation unit 1 at the top of the main structure of the antenna is coplanarly mounted on the front side of the dielectric substrate 7. The second antenna radiation unit (such as Figure 2 4 in the figure) are coplanarly mounted on the back of the dielectric substrate 7. The dielectric substrate 7 is a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length (i.e., length in the y direction) of L, a width (i.e., length in the x direction) of W, and a thickness (i.e., thickness in the z direction) of Z0 (not shown). The outer contour of the reference ground 6 is also a rectangle, so that a clearance area with a length (or height) of H1 and a width of W is formed on the dielectric substrate 7. The main structure of the antenna is formed in the clearance area, that is, the length of the reference ground 6 is L-H1, and the width is W.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first antenna radiating units of each layer have substantially the same serpentine bending line portions that are longitudinally aligned, and the first antenna radiating unit of the top layer also has a feeder portion 11, a grounding portion 12, and a connecting sheet portion 13. The serpentine bending line portions of the first antenna radiating units of each layer are also connected via at least one third conductive via 5c disposed longitudinally.

[0068] As an example, the main structure of the antenna includes a second layer of first antenna radiation unit 2 and a first layer of first antenna radiation unit 1 stacked on the top layer of second antenna radiation unit 3 in the z direction. Figure 3 The first antenna radiation unit 1 is the first antenna radiation unit at the top layer, and has a feed line portion 11, a ground line portion 12, a connecting piece portion 13 and a serpentine bending line portion 14. The connecting piece portion 13 is arranged on one side of the head end of the serpentine bending line portion 14, the feed line portion 11 and the ground line portion 12 are parallel and spaced apart, the connecting piece portion 13 respectively connects the head end of the serpentine bending line portion 14, one end of the feed line portion 11 and one end of the ground line 12, the other end of the feed line portion 11 and the other end of the ground line 12 are both connected to the reference ground 6, and the position 11a where the feed line portion 11 is connected to the reference ground 6 is the location of the antenna feed source. Among them, the overall length (or height) H2 of the first antenna radiation unit 1 in the y direction is the overall length (or height) of the main structure of the antenna, H2

[0069] Optionally, the grounding line portion 12 and the feeding line portion 11 are of equal length in the y direction and both have a length (or height) of H3, the line width of the grounding line portion 12 in the x direction is W1, the line width of the feeding line portion 11 in the x direction is W2, and W1≥W2.

[0070] Optionally, the connecting piece portion 13 is rectangular, and has a width W3 in the x-direction, a length (or height) H2-H3 in the y-direction, one side of the connecting piece portion 13 is aligned with the grounding line portion 12, and the other side is aligned with the feeding line portion 11, therefore, the width of the interval between the grounding line portion 12 and the feeding line portion 11 in the x-direction is W3-W1-W2 and is greater than 0, and the distance between the connecting piece portion 13 and the board edge of the dielectric substrate 7 in the x-direction is also G1.

[0071] ​The serpentine bending line portion 14 has a plurality of first line segments 14a parallel to the y direction and a plurality of second line segments 14b parallel to the x direction, and the first line segments 14a and the second line segments 14b are alternately connected in sequence to form a trough close to the reference ground 6 and a peak far from the reference ground 6. The line width of each first line segment 14a (i.e., its width in the y direction) and the line width of each second line segment 14b (i.e., its width in the x direction) are both equal to W2, that is, the line width of the serpentine bending line portion 14 is equal to the line width of the feed line portion 11. The head end of the serpentine bending line portion 14 is a first line segment 14a, whose length (i.e., its length in the y direction) is L1, the length of each first line segment 14a located at the crest (i.e., its length in the y direction) is L3, the length of each first line segment 14a located at the trough (i.e., its length in the y direction) is L2, and the distance between each first line segment 14a located at the trough and the reference ground 6 is H4 to form a second interval 14d (i.e., the length of the second interval 14d in the y direction is H4). The tail end of the serpentine bending line portion 14 is a second line segment 14b, and the distance between the tail end of the serpentine bending line portion 14 and the reference ground 6 is H5 to form a first interval 14c (i.e., the length of the second interval 14d in the y direction is H5). Among them, L1, L2, and L3 can be equal or unequal. H4 and H5 can be equal or unequal, for example, H4>H5. Further optionally, H4 and H5 are both smaller than H3.

[0072] It should be understood that the number of crests and troughs of the serpentine bending line portion 14 and the above-mentioned size parameters need to be reasonably set according to the size parameters of the dielectric substrate 7 and the performance requirements of the antenna, and the present invention does not make specific limitations on this.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 4 In this example, the second-layer first antenna radiation unit 2 has only a serpentine bending line portion, and its serpentine bending line portion has a plurality of first line segments 2a parallel to the y direction and a plurality of second line segments 2b parallel to the x direction, and the first line segments 2a and the second line segments 2b are alternately connected in sequence. The second-layer first antenna radiation unit 2 and the first-layer first antenna radiation unit 1 have the same structure and size design of the serpentine bending line portion 14, and are aligned in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction. Therefore, their size parameters can refer to the description of the serpentine bending line portion 14 above, and will not be repeated here. Among them, the distance between the second-layer first antenna radiation unit 2 and the first-layer first antenna radiation unit 1 in the z direction is Z1 (not marked in the figures).

[0074] As an example, see Figures 1 to 4As shown, a third conductive via 5c is provided at both ends of the serpentine bending line portion 14 of the second layer first antenna radiation unit 2 and the first layer first antenna radiation unit 1 and at each corner of the serpentine bending line portion 14, thereby the second layer first antenna radiation unit 2 and the serpentine bending line portion 14 of the first layer first antenna radiation unit 1 are connected through these third conductive vias 5c, forming an antenna radiator structure operating in the 2.4GHz frequency band (i.e., 2400MHz~2483.5MHz). Among them, the distance between the third conductive via 5c set at each trough corner of the serpentine bending line portion 14 of the first antenna radiation unit 1 and the reference ground 6 in the y direction is D1+D2, and the distance between the third conductive via 5c set at each trough corner of the serpentine bending line portion 14 of the first antenna radiation unit 1 and the reference ground 6 in the y direction is D1+D2+D3+D4.

[0075] In another example, the third conductive vias 5c disposed at both ends of each layer of the serpentine bending line portion can be retained, and the third conductive vias 5c disposed at some or all corners of each layer of the serpentine bending line portion can be omitted. In another example, the third conductive vias 5c disposed at the center of the first line segment and / or the center of the second line segment of each layer of the serpentine bending line portion can be further added.

[0076] It should be understood that in other examples of the present invention, the main structure of the antenna can omit the setting of the second layer of the first antenna radiating unit 2, or set more layers of the first antenna radiating unit 2. In these cases, it is necessary to relatively adjust the corresponding size parameters of the antenna radiating units of each layer and the z-direction distance between each layer so that the antenna can fully cover the 2.4GHz frequency band and filter out useless frequency bands.

[0077] In this embodiment, the structure of each layer of the second antenna radiation unit is the same as its projection position on the xy plane. Each layer of the second antenna radiation unit includes a first graphic portion, a second graphic portion and a third graphic portion arranged in sequence. For each layer of the second antenna radiation unit, its second graphic portion and the third graphic portion are connected by a corresponding step portion, and its step portion, the second graphic portion and the first graphic portion are also connected by a rectangular strip portion. The main structure of the antenna also has a first conductive via 5a and a second conductive via 5b arranged longitudinally, wherein the same first conductive via 5a can connect the serpentine bending line portion of each layer of the first antenna radiation unit and the step portion or rectangular strip portion of each layer of the second antenna radiation unit, and the second graphic portion of each layer of the second antenna radiation unit is connected to the connecting piece portion 13 and the feeder portion 11 through the corresponding second conductive via 5b, thereby forming an antenna radiation structure operating in the 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz frequency bands.

[0078] Optionally, in this embodiment, at least one layer of the second antenna radiation unit (for example, each layer of the second antenna radiation unit) further includes a slender branch section, one end of which is connected to the third graphic portion, and the other end of which extends along the overall extension direction of the serpentine bending line portion. In other embodiments of the utility model, the slender branch section can be omitted.

[0079] Optionally, the antenna further includes a plurality of second conductive vias 5b arranged longitudinally, and the second pattern portion of each layer of the second antenna radiation unit is connected to the connecting piece 13 and the feeder portion 11 through the corresponding second conductive vias 5b. As an example, each second conductive via 5b is alternately arranged on the same straight line (i.e., a straight line extending along the y direction), that is, the x coordinates of each second conductive via 5b are the same. As another example, the number of second conductive vias 5b distributed on the connecting piece portion 13 and the feeder portion 11 is two, and in the y direction, the distances between the four second conductive vias 5b and the reference ground 6 are D1, D1+D2, D1+D2+D3, and D1+D2+D3+D4, respectively. At this time, each layer of the second antenna radiation unit has 4 second conductive vias 5b and 1 first conductive via 5a, and the first layer of the first antenna radiation unit 1 has 4 more second conductive vias 5b than other first antenna radiation units. Optionally, the second conductive via 5b farthest from the reference ground 6 is arranged at the same height as the first conductive via 5a in the y direction and the distance between the two in the x direction is D5. Wherein, D3>D1, D3>D2, D3>D1. D2 can be greater than D4 or equal to D4.

[0080] It should be understood that the first graphic part, the second graphic part and the third graphic part can be any suitable graphics, preferably regular graphics such as rectangles, regular polygons, circles, ellipses or trapezoids, and the positions of the first graphic part and the third graphic part can be interchanged. The graphics of any two of the first graphic part, the second graphic part and the third graphic part are different or the first graphic part and the third graphic part can be the same. For example, the third graphic part is a rounded regular polygon, a right regular polygon, an ellipse or a circle, the first graphic part is a right rectangle or a rounded rectangle, and the second graphic part is an isosceles trapezoid.

[0081] As an example, the main structure of the antenna includes a first layer of second antenna radiation unit 3 and a second layer of second antenna radiation unit 4 stacked in the z direction below the bottom layer of first antenna radiation unit 2. Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the structures of the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 and the second layer second antenna radiation unit 4 and their projection positions on the xy plane are exactly the same. The distance between the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 and the second layer first antenna radiation unit 2 in the z direction is Z2 (not marked in the figures), and the distance between the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 and the second layer second antenna radiation unit 4 in the z direction is Z3.

[0082] The second layer second antenna radiation unit 4 is coplanarly mounted on the back of the dielectric substrate 7 and is located in the clearance area (its length in the y direction is H1), and has a first graphic portion 41, a second graphic portion 42, a third graphic portion 43, a rectangular strip portion 44, a step portion 45 and a slender branch portion 46. The line width of the rectangular strip portion 44 (i.e., its length in the y direction) is W5, and the length (i.e., its length in the x direction) is L5.

[0083] Exemplarily, the slender branch section 46 is arranged parallel to the x-direction and one end of the slender branch section 46 is connected to the side of the third pattern section 43 away from the reference ground 6, and the other end of the slender branch section 46 extends along the x-direction (i.e., extends along the overall extension direction of the serpentine bending line section 14), the line width of the slender branch section 46 (i.e., its length in the y-direction) is W6, and the length of the slender branch section 46 (i.e., its length in the x-direction) is L4. In other examples, the slender branch section 46 is arranged parallel to the x-direction and one end of the slender branch section 46 can be connected to the center of the third pattern section 43.

[0084] Exemplarily, the first graphic portion 41 is a rectangle, whose width in the x direction is Y1, and whose length in the y direction is Y2, and one end of the rectangular strip portion 44 (i.e., the corner away from the reference ground 6) and the rectangle of the first graphic portion 41 form a missing corner with a width of Y3 in the x direction and a length of Y4 in the y direction. The spacing between the first graphic portion 41 and the reference ground 6 is H8, and the distance between the first graphic portion 41 and the board edge of the dielectric substrate 7 is G2. Optionally, H8>H3, and G2 can be equal to, less than, or greater than G1.

[0085] Exemplarily, the second graphic portion 42 is a trapezoid with a wide upper base and a narrow lower base, and the upper base of the trapezoid is connected to the side of the rectangular strip portion 44 close to the reference ground 6. Optionally, the second graphic portion 42 is an isosceles trapezoid, the width of its upper base in the x direction (i.e., the upper base) is W4, the width of the lower base in the x direction (i.e., the upper base) is W7, the length of the second graphic portion 42 in the y direction (i.e., the height of the isosceles trapezoid) is L6, and the spacing between the second graphic portion 42 and the reference ground 6 is H6. Optionally, L6>Y2, W7=W2 (i.e., the width of the lower base of the second graphic portion 42 is equal to the line width of the feeder portion 11 and the serpentine bending line portion 14, respectively). H6≤H4 or H6>H4.

[0086] Exemplarily, the third pattern portion 43 is a circle with a radius of R2 and a distance between the third pattern portion 43 and the reference ground 6 being H7.

[0087] Exemplarily, the side of the step portion 45 away from the reference ground 6 is in a step shape, and the other side of the side close to the reference ground 6 is in a straight line shape, and the angle between the straight line side of the step portion 45 and the x-direction is an acute angle α, and the angle between the straight line side of the step portion 45 and the side edge of the second graphic portion 42 connected thereto is also an acute angle. The number of steps of the step portion depends on the width of each step in the x-direction and the y-direction and the spacing between the second graphic portion and the third graphic portion. For example, the step portion 45 has two steps, the first step is connected to the third graphic portion 43 and has a width (i.e., its width in the x-direction) of Y5, the second step is connected to the end of the rectangular strip portion 44 and has a width (i.e., its width in the x-direction) of Y6, and the height of the second step relative to the first step is Y7.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this example, the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 has a first graphic portion 31, a second graphic portion 32, a third graphic portion 33, a rectangular strip portion 34, a step portion 35 and a slender branch portion 36. The structure and size design of each part of the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 are the same as the corresponding parts of the second layer second antenna radiation unit 4, and they are aligned in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction. Therefore, their size parameters can refer to the description of the second layer second antenna radiation unit 4 above, and will not be repeated here. Among them, the distance between the second layer second antenna radiation unit 4 and the first layer second antenna radiation unit 3 in the z direction is Z3 (not marked in each figure).

[0089] Exemplarily, the first conductive via 5a, the second conductive via 5b and the third conductive via 5c are all circular holes penetrating the dielectric substrate 7, and the radius is R1.

[0090] It should be understood that each layer of antenna radiation units of the antenna can be made of any suitable material, such as copper foil. The structure of each layer of antenna radiation units is integrally formed.

[0091] In addition, the different values ​​of the geometric structure parameters G1~G2, W1~W7, H1~H8, Y1~Y7, D1~D5, R1~R2, Z0~Z3, W, and L mentioned above will affect the performance parameters such as the port impedance of the antenna, the range of the useful frequency band, and the range of the useless frequency band filtered between the useful frequency bands. Among them, the geometric structure parameters of the step portion have a greater impact on the setting of the useful frequency band under the 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz frequency bands; while W1~W3 and Y1~Y2 have a greater impact on the port impedance of the antenna relative to other geometric parameters. Therefore, the values ​​of the geometric structure parameters G1~G2, W1~W7, H1~H8, Y1~Y7, D1~D5, R1~R2, Z1~Z3, and W, L can be reasonably set according to the performance parameter requirements of the antenna, and this embodiment does not make specific restrictions on this. For example, G1=G2 can be set in some application examples, and G1≠G2 can also be set in some other application examples.

[0092] As an example, the number of the first conductive vias 5a is 1, the number of the second conductive vias 5b is 4, and the number of the third conductive vias 5c is 10. The values ​​of the above-mentioned geometric structure parameters are as follows:

[0093] W = 18mm ~ 20mm, L = 15mm ~ 25mm, Z0 = 0.8mm ~ 1.2mm, where L can be further shortened according to the design situation, but it is necessary to ensure that the application motherboard of the communication module where the antenna is placed is not less than 40mm in length and the width is not less than W;

[0094] H1=4.8mm~5.1mm, H2=4.5mm~4.7mm, H3=1.6mm~1.8mm;

[0095] G1=2.3mm~2.7mm, H4=1.1mm~1.3mm, H5=0.9mm~1.1mm;

[0096] W1=0.8mm~1.0mm, W2=0.5mm~0.65mm, W3=2.5mm~2.7mm;

[0097] L1=2.1mm~2.3mm, L2=3.1mm~3.2mm, L3=2.7mm~2.9mm;

[0098] R1=0.1mm~0.2mm, D1=0.6mm~0.9mm, D2=0.6mm~0.8mm;

[0099] D3=2.0mm~2.5mm, D4=0.3mm~0.7mm, D5=0.8mm~1.2mm;

[0100] H6=0.45mm~0.8mm, H7=0.55mm~0.75mm, H8=1.75mm~2.3mm;

[0101] G2=1.4mm~1.7mm, L6=3.3mm~3.45mm, W7=0.5mm~0.7mm;

[0102] W4=1.25mm~1.5mm, Y1=1.8mm~2.3mm, Y2=1.7mm~2.2mm;

[0103] Y3=0.4mm~0.5mm, Y4=0.35mm~0.5mm; L4=2.5mm~2.85mm;

[0104] W6=0.15mm~0.3mm, R2=1.5mm~1.7mm, Y6=0.45mm~0.65mm,

[0105] Y7 = 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, Y5 = 0.3 to 0.6 mm, α is 22° to 23°;

[0106] L5=3.6mm~4.0mm, W5=0.5~0.7mm;

[0107] Z1=0.15mm~0.25mm, Z2=0.5mm~0.7mm, Z3=0.15mm~0.25mm.

[0108] In order to illustrate the performance of the antenna of this embodiment, the antenna 3 is taken as an example at the center of the upper end of the dielectric substrate 7 with L=50 mm and W=40 mm. This embodiment also performs a performance simulation test on the antenna. Figures 7 to 14 shown.

[0109] in, Figure 7 The return loss S11 curve of the antenna of this embodiment is shown. Generally, when the return loss S11 of the antenna in a certain frequency band is less than -10dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work in this frequency band, and the frequency band is a passband; if S11 is greater than -10dB, it can be approximately considered that the antenna cannot work in this frequency band, and the frequency band is a stopband, and the antenna has a notch characteristic in this frequency band. Figure 7It can be seen that the bandwidth of the antenna S11 of this embodiment is less than -10dB, which completely covers the three Wi-Fi frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz, and 5.8GHz, including 2400MHz~2483.5MHz (i.e., 2.4GHz frequency band), 5150MHz~5350MHz (i.e., 5.2GHz frequency band), and 5725MHz~5850MHz (i.e., 5.8GHz frequency band), and the antenna S11 is greater than -10dB in the non-working frequency band, and the radiation efficiency and maximum gain are also greatly reduced compared with the working frequency band, thereby avoiding interference caused by existing systems in this frequency band and greatly reducing the possibility of interfering with existing systems in this frequency band.

[0110] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radiation efficiency curve of the antenna of this embodiment in the 2.4 GHz / 5.2 GHz / 5.8 GHz frequency band. Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the maximum gain curve of the antenna of this embodiment in the 2.4GHz / 5.2GHz / 5.8GHz frequency band. Figure 8 As shown, the antenna radiation efficiency is greater than 60% in the above frequency band. Fig. 9 As shown, the maximum gain within the frequency band is greater than 2.0dBi.

[0111] Fig.10 The figure shows the XOZ and XOY radiation patterns of the antenna of this embodiment working at 2450MHz. Fig.11 The figure shows the XOZ and XOY radiation patterns of the antenna of this embodiment when it works at 5200 MHz. Fig.12 The figure shows the XOZ and XOY radiation patterns of the antenna of this embodiment working at 5300 MHz. Fig.13 The figure shows the XOZ and XOY radiation patterns of the antenna of this embodiment working at 5750 MHz. Fig.14 Shown are the XOZ and XOY plane radiation patterns of the antenna of this embodiment operating at 5850 MHz.

[0112] from Figures 10 to 14 It can be seen that the directional patterns of the antenna of this embodiment working at these frequencies have strong consistency, and the antenna working at these frequencies has good gains in both the XOZ plane and the XOY plane.

[0113] The above simulation test results indicate that the performance of the antenna of this embodiment meets the communication requirements in the 2.4 GHz (2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz), 5.2 GHz (5150 MHz to 5350 MHz) and 5.8 GHz (5725 MHz to 5850 MHz) frequency bands.

[0114] As described above, the antenna of this embodiment adopts a multi-layer heterogeneous design, which eliminates certain structural control parameters. By reasonably setting the size parameters of each part of the antenna, it can completely cover the three frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz, and can filter out useless frequency bands between useful frequency bands, avoiding interference caused by existing systems. At the same time, it also reduces the possibility of interference to the transceiver system using the antenna when the spectrum between the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands is reallocated or new spectrum resources are enabled in the future. Moreover, the multi-layer structure of the antenna is stacked vertically to meet the requirements of miniaturization and low profile, thereby reducing the overall size of the system using this antenna. The antenna is simple to implement, easy to process, and has low material cost, and can be mass-produced. In addition, the antenna of this embodiment can operate in the three frequency bands of 2.4GHz / 5.2GHz / 5.8GHz, and has the following advantages:

[0115] 1) Larger bandwidth: The 2.4GHz band is used together with the 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz bands to provide a larger bandwidth, which means that devices can transmit more data, thus supporting more complex applications. This is very useful for IoT devices that require high-speed data transmission.

[0116] 2) Reduce congestion: On the 2.4GHz band, there may be more devices competing for the same spectrum, leading to congestion and interference. By using the 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz bands, devices can avoid congestion on the 2.4GHz band, thereby improving performance and stability.

[0117] 3) Support for old devices at the same time: Devices using 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz, and 5.8GHz triple-band antennas can support both old and new devices. This means that IoT devices can be compatible with a wider range of hardware while providing higher performance for the future.

[0118] 4) Flexibility and load balancing: Dual-band devices can automatically switch bands based on the needs of the device. For example, when an IoT device requires faster speeds, it can switch to the 5.2GHz or 5.8GHz band, and when connecting to a farther device, it can switch to the 2.4GHz band. This automatic switching can provide better performance and load balancing.

[0119] 5) Extended coverage: For large homes or buildings, dual-band devices can provide wider coverage because 2.4GHz signals are better at penetrating walls and obstacles, while 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz signals are generally more suitable for close-range connections.

[0120] Based on the same utility model concept, please refer to Figures 1 to 6The utility model further provides a communication module, which includes a dielectric substrate 7 and an antenna as described in the utility model, wherein the main structure of the antenna is formed on an end region of the dielectric substrate 7.

[0121] Optionally, copper is plated on the surface of the other end area of ​​the dielectric substrate 7 to form a reference ground 6 of the antenna, and a grounding line portion 12 and a feed line portion 11 of a first antenna radiation unit 1 in the main structure are both connected to the reference ground 6.

[0122] Optionally, the communication module further comprises an application motherboard (not shown), and the dielectric substrate 7 is arranged at the center position of the upper end of the application motherboard.

[0123] The communication module of this embodiment can be any suitable IOT wireless module such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, wireless USB, etc. Since it has the antenna of the utility model, it can operate in three frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz, and 5.8GHz, and can eliminate almost all useless frequency bands between each passband. At the same time, it has the advantages of small size, low profile, low cost, popularization, and high performance.

[0124] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not any limitation to the scope of the utility model. Any changes and modifications made by ordinary technicians in the field of the utility model based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: Its main structure includes a first conductive via disposed longitudinally, and at least one layer of a first antenna radiation unit and at least one layer of a second antenna radiation unit stacked longitudinally on different levels; wherein, The first antenna radiation unit of each layer has a serpentine bending line portion; The second antenna radiation unit of each layer includes a first pattern portion, a second pattern portion and a third pattern portion which are arranged in sequence, the second pattern portion and the third pattern portion are connected by a corresponding step portion, and the step portion, the second pattern portion and the first pattern portion are also connected by a rectangular strip portion; The first conductive via connects the serpentine bending line portion of the first antenna radiating unit of each layer and the stepped portion or the rectangular strip portion of the second antenna radiating unit of each layer.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that One layer of the first antenna radiation unit also has a feed line portion, a ground line portion, and a connecting plate portion, wherein the connecting plate portion is arranged on one side of the head end of the serpentine bending line portion, the feed line portion and the ground line portion are arranged in parallel and at intervals, the connecting plate portion respectively connects the head end of the serpentine bending line portion, one end of the feed line portion and one end of the ground line, and the other end of the feed line portion and the other end of the ground line are both connected to corresponding reference grounds.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that The first antenna radiating unit having the feeder portion has at least one of the following structural features: (1) The feeder portion and the grounding portion are of equal length; (2) The line width of the feed line portion is smaller than the line width of the ground line portion; (3) The line width of the feeder portion is equal to the line width of the serpentine bending line portion; (4) One side of the connecting piece is aligned with the grounding line portion, and the other side is aligned with the feeding line portion; (5) There is a first interval between the tail end of the serpentine bending line portion and the reference ground, there is a second interval between the valley bottom position of the serpentine bending line portion and the reference ground, and the first interval is smaller than the second interval; (6) The size of the first interval is smaller than the length of the grounding wire portion; (7) The distance between the first pattern portion and the reference ground is greater than the length of the ground line portion; (8) The first antenna radiating unit having the feeder section is the topmost layer among the antenna radiating units in all layers.

4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes a plurality of second conductive vias arranged longitudinally, and the second graphic portion of the second antenna radiation unit in each layer is connected to the connecting piece portion and the feed line portion through the corresponding second conductive vias.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that The second conductive vias are arranged alternately on the same straight line; and / or the number of the second conductive vias distributed on the connecting sheet portion and the feeding line portion is two.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The serpentine bending line portions of the first antenna radiation units in each layer are the same, and the serpentine bending line portions of the first antenna radiation units in each layer are also connected by at least one third conductive via arranged longitudinally.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The third conductive vias are disposed at both ends and each corner of the serpentine bending line portion.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The second antenna radiation unit has at least one of the following structural parameters: (1) One side of the step portion is in a step shape, and the other side is in a straight line shape, and the angle between the straight line side of the step portion and the second pattern portion is an acute angle; (2) The first pattern portion, the second pattern portion and the third pattern portion are all regular patterns, and any two of them are different; (3) The first pattern portion is a rectangle, and the end of the rectangular strip portion forms a missing corner with the rectangle of the first pattern portion; (4) the second graphic portion is a trapezoid with a wide upper base and a narrow lower base, and the upper base of the trapezoid is connected to the rectangular strip portion; (5) The line width of the second pattern portion on a side close to the reference ground of the antenna is equal to the line width of the serpentine bending line portion; (6) The third graphic portion is a regular polygon, an ellipse or a circle.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The second graphic portion is an isosceles trapezoid; and / or the third graphic portion is a rounded regular polygon.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: At least one layer of the second antenna radiation unit further includes a slender branch section, one end of which is connected to the third graphic section, and the other end of which extends along the overall extension direction of the serpentine bending line section.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The longitudinal distance between two adjacent layers of the first antenna radiation units is 0.15mm~0.25mm, the longitudinal distance between two adjacent layers of the second antenna radiation units is 0.15mm~0.25mm, and the longitudinal distance between adjacent first antenna radiation units and second antenna radiation units is 0.5mm~0.7mm.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first antenna radiation unit at the top layer is formed on the front surface of a dielectric substrate and is located in a clearance area, the second antenna radiation unit at the bottom layer is formed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate, and the first conductive via penetrates the dielectric substrate.

13. A communication module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate and an antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a main structure of the antenna is formed on an end region of the dielectric substrate.

14. The communication module according to claim 13, characterized in that: The surface of the other end region of the dielectric substrate is coated with copper to form a reference ground for the antenna, and a grounding line portion and a feeder line portion of a first antenna radiation unit in the main structure are both connected to the reference ground.

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