Battery monitoring system, monitoring device, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery monitoring system, a monitoring device, a battery pack and electric equipment, and relates to the technical field of batteries, the battery monitoring system comprises an acquisition assembly, an isolation signal conversion module, a central processing module, an isolation communication module and an isolation power supply module, and the central processing module has a working mode. In a working mode, the isolation power supply module respectively supplies power to the acquisition assembly, the isolation signal conversion module, the central processing module and the isolation communication module, and the isolation signal conversion module acquires analog signals in the battery circuit through the acquisition assembly, converts the analog signals into digital data and transmits the digital data to the central processing module. The central processing module receives the digital data and analyzes and verifies the digital data to obtain normal data and abnormal data, the abnormal data is transmitted to the isolation communication module, and the isolation communication module receives the abnormal data and sends the abnormal data to the battery management system module. According to the battery monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the influence of environmental factors can be reduced, and the monitoring error is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery monitoring system, monitoring device, battery pack, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The market for power batteries and energy storage batteries is enormous. To ensure the safe use of vehicles or energy storage modules, key data such as individual battery voltage, total voltage, current, and temperature must be monitored in real time. For example, regarding current signals, users need to know the real-time state of charge (SOC) and current magnitude to better understand the operating status of the battery system.

[0003] For vehicle battery systems, there are two main methods for monitoring current: one is to use a Hall sensor to acquire the voltage signal, which is then converted into a current signal by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC); the other is to use a shunt to acquire the voltage drop, which is then used to calculate the current signal. The current signal is then sent to the Battery Management System (BMS) module via a communication module to monitor the battery's operating status and address any abnormalities promptly.

[0004] However, the aforementioned monitoring circuit is greatly affected by external environmental factors and has poor reliability, resulting in large errors in the monitoring data acquired by the BMS module. Utility Model Content

[0005] Based on this, this application provides a battery monitoring system, monitoring device, battery pack, and electrical equipment to solve the problem that existing battery monitoring circuits are greatly affected by external environmental factors, resulting in large errors in the monitoring data obtained by the BMS module.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery monitoring system, including a data acquisition component, an isolated signal conversion module, a central processing module, an isolated communication module, and an isolated power supply module, wherein the central processing module has a working mode;

[0007] The acquisition component is connected to the isolated signal conversion module, the isolated signal conversion module is connected to the central processing module, the central processing module is connected to the isolated communication module, the isolated communication module is used to connect to the battery management system module, and the isolated power supply module is connected to the acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module.

[0008] In the operating mode, the isolated power supply module supplies power to the acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module respectively. The isolated signal conversion module acquires analog signals from the battery circuit through the acquisition component and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module. The central processing module receives the digital data, parses and verifies it to obtain normal and abnormal data. The central processing module transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module. The isolated communication module receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the acquisition component includes a shunt resistor and a first thermistor, the shunt resistor being used to acquire the current in the battery circuit, and the first thermistor being used to acquire a first temperature across the shunt resistor.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the acquisition component further includes a second thermistor for acquiring a second temperature at a lead-out terminal in the battery circuit.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the isolated communication module includes a first isolation chip and a communication transceiver, wherein the first isolation chip is connected to the central processing module and the isolated power supply module respectively.

[0012] The communication transceiver is connected to the first isolation chip, and the communication transceiver is also used to connect to the battery management system module;

[0013] In the operating mode, the isolation power module supplies power to the first isolation chip, the central processing module transmits abnormal data to the first isolation chip, and the first isolation chip receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module through a communication transceiver.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the isolated power supply module includes a flyback converter, a first low-dropout regulator, a second low-dropout regulator, and a second isolation chip, wherein the flyback converter is used to connect to an external power supply.

[0015] The first low-dropout regulator and the second low-dropout regulator are connected to the flyback converter, and the second isolation chip is connected to the second low-dropout regulator.

[0016] In operating mode, the flyback converter converts the voltage of the external power supply into a monitoring voltage that shares a common reference ground with the battery monitoring system. The first low-dropout regulator converts the monitoring voltage into a first voltage to power at least the central processing module. The second low-dropout regulator converts the monitoring voltage into a second voltage to power the isolation signal conversion module. The second isolation chip converts the second voltage into a third voltage that shares a common reference ground with the external power supply to power the first isolation chip.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the central processing module also has a sleep mode in which the central processing module controls the second low-dropout regulator to stop converting the monitoring voltage to the second voltage, so that the isolation signal conversion module stops converting analog signals and the first isolation chip stops receiving abnormal data.

[0018] In one possible implementation, a wake-up module is also included, which is connected to the central processing module and the communication transceiver respectively.

[0019] When the battery management system module sends a wake-up command to the wake-up module via the communication transceiver, the wake-up module wakes up the central processing module. The central processing module then controls the second low-dropout regulator to convert the monitoring voltage into a second voltage, which powers the isolation signal conversion module and the first isolation chip, so that the isolation signal conversion module can continue to convert analog signals and the first isolation chip can continue to receive abnormal data.

[0020] In one possible implementation, a data storage module is also included, which is connected to the central processing module;

[0021] In working mode, the central processing module stores both normal data and data into the data storage module.

[0022] Secondly, this application also provides a monitoring device, including a device body and any of the battery monitoring systems provided in the first aspect disposed on the device body.

[0023] Thirdly, this application also provides a battery pack, including a battery pack body, on which any of the battery monitoring systems provided in the first aspect are provided;

[0024] Alternatively, the monitoring device provided in the second aspect may be installed on the battery pack itself.

[0025] Fourthly, this application also provides an electrical device, including a device body, on which a battery pack provided in the third aspect is disposed.

[0026] The battery monitoring system, monitoring device, battery pack, and electrical equipment provided in this application include a data acquisition component, an isolated signal conversion module, a central processing module, an isolated communication module, and an isolated power supply module. The central processing module has a working mode. It is configured to connect the data acquisition component to the isolated signal conversion module, the isolated signal conversion module to the central processing module, the central processing module to the isolated communication module, and the isolated communication module to the battery management system module. The isolated power supply module is connected to the data acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module. In the working mode, the isolated power supply module supplies power to the data acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module respectively. The isolated signal conversion module acquires analog signals from the battery circuit through the data acquisition component and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module. The central processing module receives the digital data, parses and verifies it, and obtains normal and abnormal data. The central processing module transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module, which receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module. Therefore, the battery monitoring system provided in this application, by isolating and converting the collected signals, isolating communication transmission, and supplying power through an isolated power supply, can avoid or reduce the impact of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit, enhance reliability and stability, reduce the error of the monitoring data finally obtained by the BMS module, and improve the safety of battery use. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection relationship between the battery monitoring system and the battery module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection circuit between the intermediate isolation signal conversion module and the shunt resistor;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the connection circuit between the isolation communication module and the wake-up module and the central processing module;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the connection circuit between the medium isolation power supply module and the battery management system module.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 10: Battery Management System Module;

[0035] 20: Device body;

[0036] 100: Data acquisition component;

[0037] 110: Shunt resistor;

[0038] 120: First thermistor;

[0039] 130: Second thermistor;

[0040] 200: Isolation signal conversion module;

[0041] 300: Central Processing Module;

[0042] 400: Isolation communication module;

[0043] 410: First isolation chip;

[0044] 420: Communication transceiver;

[0045] 500: Isolated power supply module;

[0046] 510: Flyback converter;

[0047] 520: First low-dropout voltage regulator;

[0048] 530: Second low-dropout regulator;

[0049] 540: Second isolation chip;

[0050] 600: Wake-up module;

[0051] 700: Data storage module. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0053] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0054] As mentioned in the background section, there are two main methods for monitoring current in vehicle systems: one is using Hall effect sensors (open-loop and closed-loop), connected in series in the power circuit. These sensors acquire voltage signals by changing the magnetic field through an electric field, and then calculate the current signal using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The main drawbacks of this method are significant errors and zero drift under low current conditions, and susceptibility to magnetic interference in vehicles or energy storage cabinets, making it difficult to accurately calculate the battery's State of Charge (SOC) based on the current. Hall effect sensors also malfunction and are prone to damage after magnetic saturation. The other method uses a shunt connected in series in the power circuit. The shunt typically uses a sampling resistor in the μΩ range with a PPM accuracy of ±0.05%. Current passing through the resistor creates a voltage drop across it. By acquiring this voltage drop signal and performing calculations, the current signal can be obtained. Compared to Hall effect sensors, this method offers advantages such as higher measurement accuracy, better cost-effectiveness, and richer functionality through software algorithms.

[0055] In existing shunt board designs based on shunts, the voltage acquisition module is a voltmeter used to collect the shunt voltage value. The analog voltage signal is amplified, filtered, and frequency-modulated before being input to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC then converts the analog voltage signal to digital before inputting it to the main control unit. The temperature acquisition module is a temperature sensor that collects the analog temperature signal, transmits it to the ADC for conversion, and outputs it to the main control unit. The main control unit then transmits the temperature and current values ​​to the battery management system via a communication module. Functionally, this system completes the current acquisition in the charging / discharging system, the temperature acquisition of the shunt, and the communication with the battery management system.

[0056] This solution has the following drawbacks: First, the voltage acquisition module uses a voltmeter module, which measures the voltage by directly connecting it in parallel across a resistor. This direct-connection design is susceptible to damage from surges, withstand voltage, and lightning strikes during EMI (electromagnetic interference) testing. Second, after voltage acquisition, the amplification and filtering circuit suffers from a small voltage drop across the shunt due to its typically 50uΩ impedance. Using a precision operational amplifier requires extremely high precision in resistors and capacitors; otherwise, the resulting error in current estimation will be significant. A 1mV error in the preamplifier circuit translates to a 20mA error, indicating poor circuit accuracy and reliability. If a negative voltage signal needs to be acquired, a negative power supply is required, or an adder circuit must be used to convert the negative voltage to a positive voltage before acquisition. Furthermore, the use of two sets of operational amplifier circuits for temperature and voltage acquisition increases costs. Additionally, this shunt design only allows the battery to enter either a power-off mode or a working mode when the power is off in static mode. In power-off mode, communication with the BMS is impossible, and the battery status cannot be obtained immediately. In working mode, battery power consumption increases, affecting battery life. Finally, because the acquisition circuit is not designed with isolation, if the shunt is connected between B+ and P+, it will have to withstand the effects of high voltage. Therefore, it can only be placed between B- and P-, which limits the internal structural design of the battery pack. Specifically, B+ (BATTERY POSITIVE) / P+ (POWER POSITIVE) is between the positive terminal of the battery and the positive terminal of the battery pack, and B- (BATTERY NEGATIVE) / P- (POWER NEGATIVE) is between the negative terminal of the battery and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The battery can be a single cell or a battery module formed by connecting multiple cells in series and parallel. The positive and negative terminals of the battery pack are the external output terminals of the battery after passing through control switches, fuses, and shunt devices.

[0057] Furthermore, the existing solution uses only one thermistor placed on the shunt to compare the temperature with the shunt resistance and obtain the true resistance value. The current I = voltage across the shunt / true resistance value. However, this battery monitoring system is intended for energy storage forklifts, which operate outdoors and must continuously withstand high outdoor temperatures. Over many years, this will cause some errors in the temperature acquisition accuracy of the thermistor. If the contact point between the battery and the shunt becomes loose after prolonged exposure to outdoor ground vibrations, the temperature collected by the thermistor may be incorrect, rather than the normal temperature at the shunt resistor.

[0058] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, this application provides a battery monitoring system, a monitoring device, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The battery monitoring system provided in this application includes a data acquisition component, an isolated signal conversion module, a central processing module, an isolated communication module, and an isolated power supply module. The central processing module has a working mode. It is configured to connect the data acquisition component to the isolated signal conversion module, the isolated signal conversion module to the central processing module, the central processing module to the isolated communication module, and the isolated communication module to the battery management system module. The isolated power supply module is connected to the data acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module. In working mode, the isolated power supply module supplies power to the data acquisition component, the isolated signal conversion module, the central processing module, and the isolated communication module respectively. The isolated signal conversion module acquires analog signals from the battery circuit through the data acquisition component and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module. The central processing module receives the digital data, parses and verifies it, obtaining normal and abnormal data. The central processing module transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module. The isolated communication module receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module. By isolating and converting the acquired signals, isolating communication transmission, and supplying power through an isolated power supply, the system avoids or mitigates the influence of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit, enhancing reliability and stability, reducing the error of the monitoring data ultimately acquired by the BMS module, and improving the safety of battery use.

[0059] The technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0060] Firstly, please refer to Figures 1-5 As shown, this application embodiment provides a battery monitoring system, including a data acquisition component 100, an isolated signal conversion module 200, a central processing module 300, an isolated communication module 400, and an isolated power supply module 500, wherein the central processing module 300 has a working mode.

[0061] The acquisition component 100 is connected to the isolation signal conversion module 200, the isolation signal conversion module 200 is connected to the central processing module 300, the central processing module 300 is connected to the isolation communication module 400, the isolation communication module 400 is used to connect to the battery management system module 10, and the isolation power supply module 500 is connected to the acquisition component 100, the isolation signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300 and the isolation communication module 400.

[0062] In the operating mode, the isolated power supply module 500 supplies power to the acquisition component 100, the isolated signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolated communication module 400 respectively. The isolated signal conversion module 200 acquires analog signals from the battery circuit through the acquisition component 100 and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module 300. The central processing module 300 receives the digital data, parses and verifies it to obtain normal data and abnormal data. The central processing module 300 transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module 400. The isolated communication module 400 receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module 10.

[0063] In this embodiment, the battery management system module 10 is a BMS (Battery Management System) module or board.

[0064] In this embodiment, the acquisition component 100 can be a shunt resistor, a thermistor, etc., used to acquire analog signals such as current and temperature in the battery circuit. It can be connected to the main circuit of the battery circuit or to the lead-out terminal (i.e., copper busbar) of the battery.

[0065] In this embodiment, the isolated signal conversion module 200 is an isolated ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) module or chip, which may include positive and negative voltage signal acquisition functions, two operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital conversion functions, and serial communication functions, namely the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) communication protocol. The isolated signal conversion module 200 is connected to the acquisition component 100, and can acquire analog signals through the acquisition component 100 and convert the analog signals into digital data. By performing isolation conversion processing on the acquired signals, they can avoid being affected by surges, magnetic fields, etc.

[0066] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the isolated signal conversion module 200 has a shunt resistor input terminal, a thermistor input terminal, a +5V power supply terminal, a +3.3V power supply terminal, an SPI communication terminal, and a ground terminal. It is an integrated ADC module that can acquire negative voltage without a negative power supply. It includes two differential acquisition channels and can interact with the MCU through SPI communication based on the +3.3V level. The amplification factor and communication baud rate can be configured by the MCU, reducing the construction of discrete circuits, resulting in higher accuracy, reducing the number of materials, saving material costs, facilitating PCB layout and routing, and saving PCB board material costs. The isolated design, with GND as the sampling reference ground, allows the shunt to be placed on the high side (between B+ and P+) or the low side (between B- and P-), allowing for more flexible structural design.

[0067] It is worth noting that the use of the isolation signal conversion module 200 can be applied to both high-side and low-side operating conditions, facilitating battery pack structure design, as only the current direction needs to be determined. Assuming charging is a positive current and discharging is a negative current, the current will generate a positive or negative voltage (U=I*R) after passing through the shunt resistor. The isolation signal conversion module 200 differentially acquires this voltage, and after filtering and amplification, the voltage signal is output to the central processing module 300 via the SPI communication port. After parsing, the following formula is used: I=(U / PGA) / R, where U is the voltage difference after amplification by the shunt resistor, PGA is the amplification factor, and R is the size of the shunt resistor. If I is positive, it is in the charging state; if I is negative, it is in the discharging state.

[0068] In this embodiment, the central processing module 300 is a microcontroller unit (MCU), used to parse and verify digital data. This can be achieved by running a program. It communicates with the isolated signal conversion module 200 via serial communication, conforming to the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) communication protocol. Furthermore, the central processing module 300 has at least one operating mode, namely a monitoring mode. The central processing module 300 is used to accurately calculate battery SOC changes and can upgrade the battery monitoring system via OTA (Over-The-Air) when needed to adapt to various operating conditions with different current requirements.

[0069] In this embodiment, the isolation communication module 400 is used to transmit data to the battery management system module 10. It is connected to the central processing module 300 and can interact with data through the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, typical serial communication standards RS232 and RS485 protocols, and the Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART) communication protocol, effectively eliminating the influence of noise.

[0070] In this embodiment, the isolated power supply module 500 is used to supply power to the acquisition component 100, the isolated signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolated communication module 400, thereby avoiding crosstalk with external power sources and improving reliability. The specific type of the isolated power supply module 500 depends on the specific types of the acquisition component 100, the isolated signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolated communication module 400.

[0071] Specifically, in the operating mode, the isolated power supply module 500 supplies power to the acquisition component 100, the isolated signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolated communication module 400 respectively. The isolated signal conversion module 200 acquires analog signals from the battery circuit through the acquisition component 100 and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module 300. The central processing module 300 receives the digital data, parses and verifies it to obtain normal and abnormal data. The central processing module 300 transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module 400. The isolated communication module 400 receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module 10 or the vehicle to monitor the battery in real time, provide early warnings for abnormal situations, or promptly disconnect the battery circuit.

[0072] Compared to existing technologies where data acquisition from acquisition to the BMS module lacks isolation, the battery monitoring system in this embodiment isolates and converts the acquired signals, isolates communication transmission, and uses isolated power supplies. This avoids or mitigates the impact of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit, enhancing reliability and stability. It also reduces the error in the monitoring data ultimately acquired by the BMS module, improving battery safety. Furthermore, it boasts higher integration, occupies less space, simplifies circuit wiring, and improves space utilization within the battery pack.

[0073] Therefore, the battery monitoring system provided in this embodiment includes a data acquisition component 100, an isolation signal conversion module 200, a central processing module 300, an isolation communication module 400, and an isolation power supply module 500. The central processing module 300 has a working mode. It is configured to connect the data acquisition component 100 to the isolation signal conversion module 200, the isolation signal conversion module 200 to the central processing module 300, the central processing module 300 to the isolation communication module 400, and the isolation communication module 400 to the battery management system module 10. The isolation power supply module 500 is connected to the data acquisition component 100, the isolation signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolation communication module 400. In the working mode, the isolation power supply module 500 supplies power to the data acquisition component 100, the isolation signal conversion module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolation communication module 400. The battery management system (BMS) module 10 provides power to the switching module 200, the central processing module 300, and the isolated communication module 400. The isolated signal conversion module 200 collects analog signals from the battery circuit through the acquisition component 100 and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module 300. The central processing module 300 receives the digital data, parses and verifies it to obtain normal and abnormal data. The central processing module 300 transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module 400. The isolated communication module 400 receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module 10. By isolating and converting the collected signals, isolating communication transmission, and providing power through an isolated power supply, the influence of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit can be avoided or mitigated, enhancing reliability and stability. This reduces the error in the monitoring data ultimately obtained by the BMS module and improves the safety of battery use.

[0074] In one possible design, the acquisition component 100 includes a shunt resistor 110 and a first thermistor 120. The shunt resistor 110 is used to acquire the current in the battery circuit, and the first thermistor 120 is used to acquire a first temperature on the shunt resistor 110.

[0075] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the shunt resistor 110 is elongated, comprising a sampling section in the middle and connecting sections at both ends. The sampling section can be a sampling resistor, which can be an alloy sheet, such as a copper alloy, having low resistance. The connecting sections can be copper busbars. The two connecting sections are respectively connected to both sides of the sampling section and can be integrally formed. The first thermistor 120 can be close to the sampling section, such as... Figure 2 NTC2 in the middle.

[0076] When the battery circuit is energized, the current passing through the sampling section creates a voltage difference between the two connecting sections. The isolation signal conversion module 200 amplifies the voltage difference signal between the two connecting sections differentially, calculates it as current, performs analog-to-digital conversion, and then transmits it to the central processing module 300. Furthermore, the sampling section generates heat, which is collected by the first thermistor 120 and processed by the isolation signal conversion module 200 before being transmitted to the central processing module 300. Especially when an abnormality occurs in the circuit, such as a short circuit, a large current will flow through the sampling section, causing its temperature to rise and generating a significant amount of heat.

[0077] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the acquisition component 100 also includes a second thermistor 130, which is used to acquire the second temperature at the lead-out terminal in the battery circuit.

[0078] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, a second thermistor 130 can also be set on the lead-out terminal of the battery circuit, such as NTC1 on the copper busbar of the positive and negative terminals of the battery. Its model can be the same as the first thermistor 120. For example, if a 10K@25℃ NTC model is selected, a 10K resistor is pulled up to 5V. The voltage is collected by the isolation signal conversion module 200. At 25℃, the voltage is 2.5V. The voltage decreases when the temperature rises and increases when the temperature falls. After collection, it is transmitted to the central processing module 300 through the SPI communication port. The central processing module 300 converts the temperature data and sends it to the BMS module together with the current data through the isolation communication module 400.

[0079] The MCU module's powerful computing capabilities can be used to verify the actual temperature value against the theoretical temperature value. When the actual operating temperature value exceeds the theoretical temperature value and the temperature difference between the two thermistors is large, it can be determined that there is a gap in the copper busbar assembly or an abnormal shunt resistor, which leads to increased contact resistance and abnormal temperature rise. At this time, a message can be sent to the BMS module through the isolation communication module 400 to cut off the relay in the circuit and it is recommended to check the battery.

[0080] Of course, the specific type, quantity, and location of the first thermistor 120 and the second thermistor 130 can be determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not impose too many restrictions.

[0081] In some embodiments, the isolated communication module 400 includes a first isolation chip 410 and a communication transceiver 420, wherein the first isolation chip 410 is connected to the central processing module 300 and the isolated power supply module 500 respectively.

[0082] The communication transceiver 420 is connected to the first isolation chip 410, and the communication transceiver 420 is also used to connect to the battery management system module 10.

[0083] In the working mode, the isolation power module 500 supplies power to the first isolation chip 410, the central processing module 300 transmits abnormal data to the first isolation chip 410, and the first isolation chip 410 receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module 10 through the communication transceiver 420.

[0084] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first isolation chip 410 has a power supply terminal on one side that shares a +3.3V power with the MCU module, a receiver terminal RX and a transmitter terminal TX that are connected to the MCU module for communication, and a ground terminal that shares a reference ground with the MCU module. The other side of the first isolation chip 410 has a 5V power supply terminal, a high-voltage signal line 485H / CANH and a low-voltage signal line 485L / CANL that are connected to the communication transceiver 420 for communication, and a ground terminal that shares a reference ground with the external power supply.

[0085] Specifically, the first isolation chip 410 only operates when its 5V power supply terminal is powered on, enabling it to send abnormal data to the battery management system module 10 via the communication transceiver 420. Of course, the first isolation chip 410 and the communication transceiver 420 can be replaced by other types of components; this embodiment does not impose excessive restrictions.

[0086] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the isolated power supply module 500 includes a flyback converter 510, a first low-dropout regulator 520, a second low-dropout regulator 530, and a second isolation chip 540. The flyback converter 510 is used to connect to an external power supply.

[0087] The first low-dropout regulator 520 and the second low-dropout regulator 530 are connected to the flyback converter 510, and the second isolation chip 540 is connected to the second low-dropout regulator 530.

[0088] In operating mode, the flyback converter 510 converts the voltage of the external power supply into a monitoring voltage that shares a common reference ground with the battery monitoring system. The first low-dropout regulator 520 converts the monitoring voltage into a first voltage to power at least the central processing module 300. The second low-dropout regulator 530 converts the monitoring voltage into a second voltage to power the isolation signal conversion module 200. The second isolation chip 540 converts the second voltage into a third voltage that shares a common reference ground with the external power supply to power the first isolation chip 410.

[0089] Specifically, such as Figure 5As shown, the flyback converter 510 is used to convert the external power supply voltage into a monitoring voltage. The external power supply voltage can be the vehicle's battery voltage, such as 12V, which is based on an external reference ground. After conversion by the flyback converter 510, it can be converted into a +12V monitoring voltage with the battery monitoring system sharing the same reference ground. The battery monitoring system does not share the same reference ground as the battery.

[0090] The first low-dropout regulator 520 adjusts the voltage and provides a regulated output, converting +12V to +3.3V to power the central processing module 300. Similarly, the second low-dropout regulator 530 converts +12V to +5V to power the isolation signal conversion module 200. The second isolation chip 540 converts the +5V voltage (with the battery monitoring system's common reference ground) to a 5V communication voltage (with the external power supply's common reference ground) to power the first isolation chip 410, effectively eliminating the effects of noise. In other words, the first isolation chip 410 and the isolation signal conversion module 200 have the same supply voltage, but different reference grounds.

[0091] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the central processing module 300 also has a sleep mode. In the sleep mode, the central processing module 300 controls the second low-dropout regulator 530 to stop converting the monitoring voltage into the second voltage, so that the isolation signal conversion module 200 stops converting the analog signal and the first isolation chip 410 stops receiving abnormal data.

[0092] In other words, upon entering sleep mode, the central processing module 300 controls the second low-dropout regulator 530 to cut off the +5V power supply to the isolation signal conversion module 200 and the 5V power supply to the first isolation chip 410. This reduces the impact of the battery monitoring system's power consumption on the battery's state of charge (SOC), allowing it to enter a low-power mode, cease receiving signals, and further reduce power consumption.

[0093] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a wake-up module 600, which is connected to the central processing module 300 and the communication transceiver 420.

[0094] When the battery management system module 10 sends a wake-up command to the wake-up module 600 via the communication transceiver 420, the wake-up module 600 wakes up the central processing module 300. The central processing module 300 then controls the second low-dropout regulator 530 to convert the monitoring voltage into a second voltage, supplying power to the isolation signal conversion module 200 and the first isolation chip 410, so that the isolation signal conversion module 200 can continue to convert analog signals and the first isolation chip 410 can continue to receive abnormal data.

[0095] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the wake-up module 600 is based on an optocoupler. It wakes up the MCU module through a level shift generated by the optocoupler circuit. The wake-up module 600 is communicatively connected to the communication transceiver 420. One side has a high-voltage signal line 485H / CANH and a low-voltage signal line 485L / CANL. The other side has a +3.3V power supply terminal shared with the central processing module 300, and an enable terminal connected to the interrupt pin INTP of the central processing module 300. When the battery management system module 10 sends a wake-up command to the wake-up module 600 through the communication transceiver 420, the interrupt pin INTP of the central processing module 300 rises from low to high, waking up the MCU module. It then sends a control signal to the enable terminal of the isolated power supply module 500, controlling the second low-dropout regulator 530 to perform voltage conversion and restart operation. Alternatively, the battery management system module 10 can also send a sleep command to the wake-up module 600 through the communication transceiver 420.

[0096] In some embodiments, a data storage module 700 is also included, which is connected to the central processing module 300.

[0097] In working mode, the central processing module 300 stores both normal data and data into the data storage module 700.

[0098] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the data storage module 700 can be a non-volatile memory (NVM), which can interact with the central processing module 300 through the serial communication protocol, namely the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) communication protocol.

[0099] This allows for the storage of nearly 90 days' worth of current and temperature data, which can be retrieved when necessary. The specific type and quantity of the data storage module 700 can be determined according to actual needs; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0100] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a monitoring device, including a device body 20 and a battery monitoring system provided in any of the above embodiments disposed on the device body 20. That is, the battery monitoring system is integrated on a circuit board or in a data acquisition unit, which facilitates installation, replacement, etc.

[0101] The structure of the battery monitoring system has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0102] The monitoring device provided in this application embodiment, by configuring a battery monitoring system, can avoid or reduce the impact of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit by isolating and converting the collected signals, isolating communication transmission, and supplying power through an isolated power supply. This enhances reliability and stability, reduces the error of the monitoring data finally obtained by the BMS module, and improves the safety of battery use.

[0103] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a battery pack, including a battery pack body, on which a battery monitoring system or monitoring device provided in any of the above embodiments is disposed.

[0104] The battery pack provided in this application embodiment, by configuring a battery monitoring system or a monitoring device with such a battery monitoring system, can avoid or reduce the influence of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit by isolating and converting the collected signals, isolating communication transmission, and supplying power through an isolated power supply. This enhances reliability and stability, reduces the error of the monitoring data finally obtained by the BMS module, and improves the safety of battery use.

[0105] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device, including a device body, on which a battery pack provided in any of the above embodiments is disposed. The electrical device may be a new energy vehicle, an energy storage device, etc.

[0106] The electrical equipment provided in this application embodiment, by configuring the above-mentioned battery pack, includes a battery monitoring system or a monitoring device having the battery monitoring system. The battery monitoring system can avoid or reduce the influence of external environmental factors on the monitoring circuit by isolating and converting the collected signals, isolating communication transmission, and supplying power through an isolated power supply, thereby enhancing reliability and stability, reducing the error of the monitoring data finally obtained by the BMS module, and improving the safety of battery use.

[0107] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the claims.

[0108] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the appendix, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition component (100), an isolated signal conversion module (200), a central processing module (300), an isolated communication module (400), and an isolated power supply module (500), wherein the central processing module (300) has an operating mode; The acquisition component (100) is connected to the isolation signal conversion module (200), the isolation signal conversion module (200) is connected to the central processing module (300), the central processing module (300) is connected to the isolation communication module (400), the isolation communication module (400) is used to connect to the battery management system module (10), and the isolation power module (500) is connected to the acquisition component (100), the isolation signal conversion module (200), the central processing module (300), and the isolation communication module (400). In the operating mode, the isolated power supply module (500) supplies power to the acquisition component (100), the isolated signal conversion module (200), the central processing module (300), and the isolated communication module (400). The isolated signal conversion module (200) acquires analog signals in the battery circuit through the acquisition component (100) and converts them into digital data, which is then transmitted to the central processing module (300). The central processing module (300) receives the digital data, parses and verifies it to obtain normal data and abnormal data. The central processing module (300) transmits at least the abnormal data to the isolated communication module (400). The isolated communication module (400) receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module (10).

2. The battery monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition component (100) includes a shunt resistor (110) and a first thermistor (120). The shunt resistor (110) is used to acquire the current in the battery circuit, and the first thermistor (120) is used to acquire the first temperature on the shunt resistor (110).

3. The battery monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acquisition component (100) also includes a second thermistor (130), which is used to acquire the second temperature at the lead-out terminal in the battery circuit.

4. The battery monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The isolated communication module (400) includes a first isolation chip (410) and a communication transceiver (420). The first isolation chip (410) is connected to the central processing module (300) and the isolated power supply module (500) respectively. The communication transceiver (420) is connected to the first isolation chip (410), and the communication transceiver (420) is also used to connect to the battery management system module (10); In the operating mode, the isolation power module (500) supplies power to the first isolation chip (410), the central processing module (300) transmits the abnormal data to the first isolation chip (410), and the first isolation chip (410) receives the abnormal data and sends it to the battery management system module (10) through the communication transceiver (420).

5. The battery monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The isolated power supply module (500) includes a flyback converter (510), a first low-dropout regulator (520), a second low-dropout regulator (530), and a second isolation chip (540). The flyback converter (510) is used to connect to an external power supply. The first low-dropout regulator (520) and the second low-dropout regulator (530) are connected to the flyback converter (510), and the second isolation chip (540) is connected to the second low-dropout regulator (530). In the operating mode, the flyback converter (510) converts the voltage of the external power supply into a monitoring voltage that shares a common reference ground with the battery monitoring system, the first low-dropout regulator (520) converts the monitoring voltage into a first voltage to power at least the central processing module (300), the second low-dropout regulator (530) converts the monitoring voltage into a second voltage to power the isolation signal conversion module (200), and the second isolation chip (540) converts the second voltage into a third voltage that shares a common reference ground with the external power supply to power the first isolation chip (410).

6. The battery monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The central processing module (300) also has a sleep mode, in which the central processing module (300) controls the second low-dropout regulator (530) to stop converting the monitoring voltage into the second voltage, so that the isolation signal conversion module (200) stops converting the analog signal and the first isolation chip (410) stops receiving the abnormal data.

7. The battery monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a wake-up module (600), which is connected to the central processing module (300) and the communication transceiver (420) respectively; When the battery management system module (10) sends a wake-up command to the wake-up module (600) through the communication transceiver (420), the wake-up module (600) wakes up the central processing module (300), and the central processing module (300) controls the second low-dropout regulator (530) again to convert the monitoring voltage into the second voltage, and supplies power to the isolation signal conversion module (200) and the first isolation chip (410), so that the isolation signal conversion module (200) continues to convert the analog signal and the first isolation chip (410) continues to receive the abnormal data.

8. The battery monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a data storage module (700), which is connected to the central processing module (300); In the operating mode, the central processing module (300) stores both the normal data and the data into the data storage module (700).

9. A monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes a device body (20) and a battery monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 disposed on the device body (20).

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes a battery pack body, wherein the battery pack body is provided with a battery monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; Alternatively, the battery pack body may be provided with the monitoring device as described in claim 9.

11. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, It includes a device body, on which a battery pack as described in claim 10 is disposed.

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