Building floor structure paved by stone
By using composite stone blocks and a waterproof coating in stone paving, the problem of endogenous alkali pollution caused by the contact between stone and cement is solved, achieving anti-efflorescence and waterproofing effects, and maintaining the long-term beauty and stability of the stone.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
In traditional stone paving methods, direct contact between stone and cement can easily lead to the formation of endogenous alkali, resulting in surface contamination of the stone and affecting its aesthetics and practicality.
The composite stone block structure is used, and the stone and anti-slip floor tiles are tightly bonded together by an epoxy resin adhesive layer to form a barrier and prevent the stone from directly contacting the cement. A stone protective agent and a backing agent are applied to the stone surface to enhance its waterproof performance.
It effectively prevents calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide in cement from migrating upwards, avoids the formation of calcium carbonate, prevents efflorescence in stone, and maintains long-term stability and aesthetics.
Smart Images
Figure CN224092899U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of marble and granite paving technology, and in particular to a floor structure for stone paving. Background Technology
[0002] Block flooring, as an important component of modern architectural decoration, has gained widespread recognition and application due to its numerous advantages. Firstly, it is renowned for its wear-resistance and durability, able to withstand frequent foot traffic and abrasion in daily use, maintaining a new appearance for a long time. Secondly, this surface material is water-resistant, maintaining good stability and aesthetics even in humid environments. Furthermore, block flooring comes in a wide variety of types, from colors and textures to materials, meeting the decorative requirements of different styles and needs, providing designers with ample creative space.
[0003] In terms of construction, block flooring exhibits simplicity and flexibility. Whether in large commercial spaces or residential environments, ideal decorative effects can be achieved through the flexible combination of blocks. Particularly noteworthy is its relatively simple construction process, which significantly shortens the renovation cycle and reduces construction costs.
[0004] While traditional stone paving methods meet decorative needs to some extent, they also present some significant problems. The traditional method typically involves first laying a layer of neat cement slurry on a cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab as a base layer, followed by a leveling layer to ensure the stone's flatness. Finally, cement mortar is used to adhere the stone to the base layer, compacting and smoothing it before filling the gaps with grout. However, this method involves direct contact between the stone and cement mortar, which can easily lead to the formation of endogenous alkali within the stone. Over time, these alkaline substances gradually migrate to the stone surface, reacting with carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium carbonate, thus contaminating the stone surface and affecting its aesthetics and practicality.
[0005] Therefore, developing a stone paving method that can avoid the formation of endogenous alkali and prevent alkali return in stone, solve the problem of endogenous alkali pollution, and maintain the aesthetic appeal of stone paving floor structures for long-term use has become an important issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the current field of marble, granite, and other stone paving. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a stone paving floor structure that can avoid efflorescence of stone during long-term use and maintain long-term stability and aesthetics.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0008] A stone-paved floor structure, from top to bottom, includes: a composite stone layer, a cement mortar layer, a cement mortar leveling layer, a fine stone concrete leveling layer, a plain cement slurry layer, and a floor base layer.
[0009] The composite stone layer includes at least two composite stone blocks, which, from top to bottom, consist of stone, an epoxy resin adhesive layer, and anti-slip floor tiles.
[0010] This invention addresses the problem of efflorescence that easily occurs when using stone in existing block floor finishes. It proposes a new structural strategy for stone paving: The stone to be laid is tightly bonded to anti-slip tiles using an epoxy resin adhesive layer (including an epoxy AB coating) to form a composite stone block, which is then laid to create the structural layer. The anti-slip tiles, typically made of ceramic or concrete, are bonded beneath the stone with epoxy resin, effectively forming a barrier and preventing direct contact between the stone and the cement slurry layer. This structure provides excellent isolation and waterproofing, preventing the calcium oxide and water in the cement slurry from reverting to calcium hydroxide. It also effectively prevents slightly water-soluble calcium hydroxide from migrating upwards and penetrating into the stone's interior or surface, or further reacting with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, thus effectively preventing efflorescence.
[0011] A specific composite stone block structure is installed and laid through a cement mortar layer, ultimately forming a floor structure from top to bottom consisting of a composite stone layer, a cement mortar layer, a cement mortar leveling layer, a fine stone concrete leveling layer, a plain cement slurry layer, and a floor base layer.
[0012] This utility model improves upon traditional stone paving. The stone paving floor structure provided uses readily available materials and does not require additional embedded structures. This allows the stone to avoid efflorescence during long-term use of the block floor surface. It is highly operable and cost-effective.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the stone material includes a stone substrate and a chemical fiber mesh waterproof layer on the surface of the substrate. By covering the outer surface of the stone with a chemical fiber mesh to form a tensile waterproof layer, the waterproof and anti-efflorescence effects of the stone can be further improved.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the stone substrate is marble or granite treated with a stone protective agent and a backing agent. Applying a stone protective agent to each surface of the stone can improve its waterproof performance; the stone protective agent is generally applied in two coats. Applying a backing agent to the outer surface of the stone blocks the capillaries of the marble, reducing the intrusion of alkaline exudates into the stone structure.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the composite stone layer contains a joint filler between the composite stone blocks, and the joint filler is the same color as the stone.
[0016] This application preferably uses a grout that is the same as or similar in color to the stone to fill the joints, thereby further improving the stability and aesthetics of the stone.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the stone is greater than 10 mm.
[0018] In the specific implementation of this utility model, considering the difference in expansion coefficients between stone and anti-slip floor tiles, when using the stone paving structure of this utility model over a large area, the stone thickness is preferably higher than 10mm to ensure that the stone is not easily deformed by environmental factors during use and to meet the requirements of long-term use. If the thickness is too small, the difference in expansion coefficients may cause deformation of the stone surface and affect its use.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the anti-slip floor tile is 10-20mm.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the cement mortar layer is 2-8 mm.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the cement mortar leveling layer is 20mm or 25mm. For floors without waterproofing requirements, a 20mm thick cement mortar leveling layer is used; when laying pipelines on the floor, a 25mm thick cement mortar leveling layer is used instead.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the thickness of the fine aggregate concrete leveling layer is ≥35mm. In general applications, when the total thickness of the surface layer is greater than 50mm, the thickness of the fine aggregate concrete leveling layer is ≥35mm.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the cement mortar leveling layer uses WS-M20 cement mortar, and the fine stone concrete leveling layer uses C20 fine stone concrete.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0025] To address the issue of efflorescence that easily occurs when using existing stone materials for floor and ground finishes, a modified paving structure based on a new type of composite stone block has been developed. This structure includes a composite stone layer, a cement mortar layer, a cement mortar leveling layer, a fine aggregate concrete leveling layer, a plain cement slurry layer, and a floor base layer. The main process involves fixing the treated stone onto anti-slip floor tiles using epoxy resin adhesive to form a composite stone block with excellent waterproof and efflorescence prevention properties. After installation, the composite stone block, once compacted, leveled, and grouted, can prevent efflorescence over prolonged use, maintaining good functionality and appearance. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the floor structure for stone paving according to a specific embodiment of this utility model;
[0027] The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Composite stone layer; 2. Cement mortar layer; 3. Cement mortar leveling layer; 4. Fine stone concrete leveling layer; 5. Plain cement slurry layer; 6. Floor base layer; 101. Stone; 102. Epoxy resin adhesive layer; 103. Anti-slip floor tile. Detailed Implementation
[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0029] In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed technical solutions consisting of the listed features and open technical solutions that include the listed features.
[0030] In this application, numerical ranges are referred to as continuous unless otherwise specified, and include the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as every value between the minimum and maximum values. Furthermore, when the range refers to integers, it includes every integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range. Additionally, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges may be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges to which they are incorporated.
[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] A type of stone-paved floor structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes: composite stone layer 1, cement mortar layer 2, cement mortar leveling layer 3, fine stone concrete leveling layer 4, plain cement slurry layer 5, and floor base layer 6.
[0034] The composite stone layer includes at least two composite stone blocks, which, from top to bottom, include stone 101, epoxy resin adhesive layer 102, and anti-slip floor tile 103.
[0035] The specific paving method for the stone floor structure described in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0036] S1. Apply stone protective agent to six surfaces of the marble substrate, applying two coats of protective agent to each surface, and then apply a backing agent to the outer surface; further cover the outer surface of the substrate with chemical fiber mesh cloth to form a chemical fiber mesh cloth waterproof layer, resulting in a 20mm thick stone 101.
[0037] S2. Apply epoxy resin AB glue evenly to the surface of 10mm thick anti-slip floor tile 102, and bond the stone 101 obtained in S1 above to the anti-slip floor tile 102. Compact and cure to obtain composite stone block.
[0038] The epoxy resin AB glue forms a tightly bonded epoxy resin adhesive layer 103 between the stone 101 and the anti-slip floor tile 102.
[0039] S3. Clean the base layer of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor slab to form the floor base layer 6; lay a layer of neat cement slurry (mixed with 5% 108 adhesive by weight of water) to form a neat cement slurry layer 5; then lay the thinnest 35mm thick C20 fine stone concrete leveling layer 4 and the 20mm thick WS-M20 cement mortar leveling layer 3 in sequence.
[0040] S4. Lay a 5mm thick cement mortar layer 2 (mixed with 108 adhesive) on the cement mortar leveling layer 3, and then install the composite stone blocks obtained in S2 above, tamp them down firmly to obtain the composite stone layer 1.
[0041] S5. The gaps between the composite stone blocks in the composite stone layer are filled with a sealant of the same color as the stone to obtain the floor structure of the stone paving.
[0042] In actual project applications, the stone paving floor structure using this embodiment did not exhibit efflorescence for two years after project acceptance.
[0043] Example 2
[0044] A stone-paved floor structure, from top to bottom, includes: a composite stone layer 1, a cement mortar layer 2, a cement mortar leveling layer 3, a fine stone concrete leveling layer 4, a plain cement slurry layer 5, and a floor base layer 6.
[0045] The composite stone layer includes at least two composite stone blocks, which, from top to bottom, include stone 101, epoxy resin adhesive layer 102, and anti-slip floor tile 103.
[0046] The specific paving method for the stone floor structure described in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0047] S1. Apply stone protective agent to the six surfaces of the granite substrate, applying two coats of protective agent to each surface, and then apply a backing agent to the outer surface; further cover the outer surface of the substrate with chemical fiber mesh cloth to form a chemical fiber mesh cloth waterproof layer, resulting in a 20mm thick stone 101.
[0048] S2. Apply epoxy resin AB glue evenly to the surface of 10mm thick anti-slip floor tile 102, and bond the stone 101 obtained in S1 above to the anti-slip floor tile 102. Compact and cure to obtain composite stone block.
[0049] The epoxy resin AB glue forms a tightly bonded epoxy resin adhesive layer 103 between the stone 101 and the anti-slip floor tile 102.
[0050] S3. Clean the base layer of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor slab to form the floor base layer 6; lay a layer of neat cement slurry (mixed with 5% 108 adhesive by weight of water) to form a neat cement slurry layer 5; then lay the thinnest 35mm thick C20 fine stone concrete leveling layer 4 and the 25mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar leveling layer 3 in sequence.
[0051] S4. Lay a 5mm thick cement mortar layer 2 (mixed with 108 adhesive) on the cement mortar leveling layer 3, and then install the composite stone blocks obtained in S2 above, tamp them down firmly to obtain the composite stone layer 1.
[0052] S5. The gaps between the composite stone blocks in the composite stone layer are filled with a sealant of the same color as the stone to obtain the floor structure of the stone paving.
[0053] In actual project applications, the stone paving floor structure of this embodiment, with pipelines laid on the ground, did not show any efflorescence for two years after the project was accepted and put into use.
[0054] Comparative Example
[0055] The comparative example is a traditional stone paving floor structure. The only difference from the embodiment is that stone 101 is used directly to replace composite stone blocks to form the paved floor structure.
[0056] In actual project applications, the stone paving structure using the traditional scheme in the comparative model showed obvious efflorescence in the stone several months after the paving was completed.
[0057] In summary, this utility model improves the traditional stone paving process of floors and grounds, preventing efflorescence, extending service stability, and maintaining aesthetics.
[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model.
Claims
1. A stone-paved floor structure, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes: composite stone layer, cement mortar layer, cement mortar leveling layer, fine stone concrete leveling layer, plain cement slurry layer and floor base layer; The composite stone layer includes at least two composite stone blocks, which, from top to bottom, consist of stone, an epoxy resin adhesive layer, and anti-slip floor tiles.
2. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stone material includes a stone substrate and a chemical fiber mesh waterproof layer on the surface of the substrate.
3. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The stone substrate is marble or granite treated with stone protective agent and back coating agent.
4. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the composite stone layer, the spaces between the composite stone blocks are filled with a grout, and the grout is the same color as the stone.
5. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the stone is greater than 10mm.
6. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the anti-slip floor tiles is 10-20mm.
7. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the cement mortar layer is 2-8 mm.
8. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the cement mortar leveling layer is 20mm or 25mm.
9. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the fine aggregate concrete leveling layer is ≥35mm.
10. The stone-paved floor structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cement mortar leveling layer uses WS-M20 cement mortar, and the fine stone concrete leveling layer uses C20 fine stone concrete.