Power test circuit, power utilization module, controller and power utilization system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of direct-current power supply application, in particular to a power test circuit, a power utilization module using the same, a controller and a power utilization system. The power test circuit comprises a power supply circuit, a control circuit and a switch circuit. The power supply circuit provides electric energy for the control circuit and the switching circuit; the control circuit judges the available power of the external direct-current power supply by detecting parameters such as no-load voltage and current and voltage during load operation; when it is detected that the load power requirement exceeds the power supply power, the control circuit sends an adjusting signal to the switching circuit, and the switching circuit reduces the output power or controls on-off according to the adjusting signal, so that it is guaranteed that the external direct-current power supply works continuously and stably, and overload damage is avoided. According to the circuit, the load can still obtain moderate power supply in a certain voltage and current range under the condition of insufficient power supply power, the external power supply is protected, the compatibility of electric equipment is improved, and the circuit has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost, diversified in application scene and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of DC power supply application technology, and in particular to a power testing circuit, a power module, a controller and a power system. Background Technology

[0002] With societal development, the number of electronic devices and appliances requiring DC power is increasing. To ensure the normal operation of these devices, it is usually necessary to match them with appropriate DC power supplies. However, due to the significant differences in power requirements among different devices, when the output power of the external DC power supply does not match the power demand of the device's load, such as when the power supply is less than the load power, it will cause the power protection to trip or burn out, thus preventing the device from receiving power.

[0003] In addition, if users cannot find a replacement power source in time due to the loss or damage of the original power supply, it will result in idle equipment or waste of repeatedly purchasing power supplies.

[0004] To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a circuit structure that can both identify the power of the external DC power supply and dynamically adjust the output power, so as to achieve a good match between the power supply and the load and improve the reliability and adaptability of the system. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a power testing circuit, power module, controller, and power system. The aim is to achieve both the ability to identify the power of an external DC power source and to dynamically adjust the output power within a certain voltage and current range, thereby matching the voltage and power of the power source with the load and improving the reliability and adaptability of the system. This solution can be integrated with other circuits to form a new circuit module, or it can be independently packaged as a controller. It can also be combined with electrical appliances and DC power supplies to form a power system, compatible with various heat-generating devices, electric equipment, and lighting devices, improving power supply efficiency and versatility.

[0006] This utility model achieves the above objective through the following technical solution: a power testing circuit, comprising:

[0007] The power supply circuit has a connection terminal A (i.e., the input terminal of the power supply circuit) connected to an external DC power source, which is used to provide power to the control circuit and the switching circuit.

[0008] A control circuit, connected to the power supply circuit, is used to detect the power of the external DC power supply and output an adjustment signal to the switching circuit based on the detection result.

[0009] A switching circuit is connected to the power supply circuit and the control circuit respectively, and has a connection terminal B (i.e. the output terminal of the switching circuit) connected to the electrical load, which is used to adjust the power output to the electrical load and / or control the on / off state according to the adjustment signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the control circuit detects the voltage when the DC power supply is turned on and determines the power output of the DC power supply based on the voltage. Specifically, the initial determination is to quickly determine "approximately how much power the power supply can provide" when the load is energized, detecting whether the power of the electrical load exceeds the power supply's capacity, thus preventing power overload or triggering protection. The result of the determination affects the output mode of the switching circuit (current limiting, pulse width modulation, etc.). Once insufficient power is detected, the control circuit instructs the switching circuit to reduce the output power to avoid instantaneous overcurrent, thereby protecting the power supply. Through this linkage mechanism, the entire circuit system achieves a safe and stable power supply process of "first identification → then adjustment".

[0011] Furthermore, the switching circuit adjusts the output power through at least one of pulse width modulation (PWM), current limiting mode, or buck mode;

[0012] The connection terminal A of the power supply circuit and the input terminal of the control circuit and the switch circuit can be physically combined into one, thereby realizing direct conduction between the external DC power supply and the control circuit and the switch circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a command input circuit connected to the command input terminal of the control circuit. Specifically, the command input circuit is any one of a button, a touch button, or a sensor command input circuit.

[0014] A power testing circuit, comprising:

[0015] Terminal A is used to connect to an external power source;

[0016] A control circuit, connected to the connection terminal A, is used to detect the DC power supply power and output an adjustment signal based on the detection result;

[0017] The switching circuit is connected to connection terminal A and control circuit respectively, and has connection terminal B connected to the electrical load, which is used to adjust the power output to the electrical load and / or control the on / off state according to the adjustment signal.

[0018] A power module, the power module comprising a power testing circuit as described in any of the preceding claims;

[0019] It also includes an electrical load connected to the connection terminal B of the switching circuit.

[0020] A controller includes a housing and a power testing circuit as described in any one of the preceding claims disposed within the housing, and further includes a parameter acquisition circuit and a display circuit.

[0021] The parameter acquisition circuit collects the operating parameters of the electrical load or external environmental parameters and sends signals to the control circuit. The display circuit receives and presents the detection signals, status information, or alarm prompts returned by the control circuit, thereby realizing human-machine interaction and system monitoring functions. Specifically, the core of this solution lies in the "power testing circuit," which needs to acquire information such as "external power supply power" and "whether the load's power consumption is greater than the power supply power" to adjust the output power. The parameter acquisition circuit can provide richer sensor information, including ambient temperature detection, load temperature detection, motor speed, volume, and light intensity. The display circuit allows users to intuitively understand the current power, load, and the controller's operating status or alarm information. The display circuit receives detection signals or processing results from the control circuit and displays them to the user in a visual manner (such as LED, LCD, digital tube, etc.) so that the user understands the current operating status or abnormal prompts.

[0022] An electrical system, comprising the power testing circuit described in any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

[0023] An external DC power supply is connected to terminal A.

[0024] The electrical appliance is connected to terminal B.

[0025] The power testing circuit is used to detect the power of the external DC power supply and adjust the output power so that the electrical appliances can continue to work when the power of the external DC power supply is insufficient (within a certain range) and avoid power overload damage.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0027] 1. Compatible with multiple external DC power supplies. The control circuit identifies and adjusts the output power appropriately via a switching circuit. Within a certain voltage and current range, it allows external power supplies of different power specifications to be matched with the load, significantly improving the equipment's adaptability and flexibility.

[0028] 2. Protect the power supply and load. When the load power exceeds the power of the external power supply, reducing the output power can effectively prevent the power supply from being overloaded and causing the protection to trip or burn out, while keeping the load operating within a certain power range.

[0029] 3. Save resources and reduce costs. There is no longer a need to equip every device with an original power supply; users can make full use of idle or readily available DC power supplies, reducing unnecessary procurement costs and resource waste.

[0030] 4. Maintain continuous operation of the equipment. Even if the output power of the external power supply is low, as long as it is within a certain range, the load can still maintain basic functions through the dynamic adjustment of this circuit, avoiding a complete power outage due to power supply protection. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall process of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the control circuit of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the switching circuit of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the temperature sensing circuit of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the LED module of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the heating element of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without innovation are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. It is understood that the accompanying drawings are provided for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the present utility model. The connection relationships shown in the accompanying drawings are only for clear description and do not limit the connection method.

[0039] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0040] It should be noted that while the specifications of this utility model explain and define the concepts of "load," "electrical load," "electrical appliance," and "electrical device," there are instances where these terms are used interchangeably. Furthermore, the term "electrical equipment" is sometimes used interchangeably with the aforementioned concepts. This does not affect the understanding of this utility model or its protection. In actual production and daily life, these terms can be used interchangeably in some fields and scenarios.

[0041] With societal development, electrical appliances are becoming increasingly common, and many DC-powered appliances require a DC power supply to function. On the one hand, suppliers must provide a compatible DC power supply when selling such appliances; on the other hand, if the DC power supply is lost or damaged, the appliance cannot continue to operate. Users cannot use the appliance without a compatible DC power supply. This invention constructs a circuit that identifies the DC power supply's power rating and adjusts the output power to supply power to the electrical load. This solves the problem of the DC power supply's output power being less than the electrical load's power, causing the DC power supply to trip or burn out, allowing both the DC power supply and the electrical load to continue operating and preventing power outages or burnouts. This further saves social resources and reduces usage costs.

[0042] Therefore, this embodiment provides a power testing circuit, a power module, a controller, and a power system, which aim to identify the power of the external DC power supply and dynamically adjust the output power, thereby achieving a good match between the power supply and the load and improving the system's reliability and adaptability.

[0043] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment of the present invention provides a power testing circuit, including a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a switching circuit;

[0044] The power supply circuit includes a connection terminal A, which is connected to a DC power supply; the output terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the power input terminals of the control circuit and the switching circuit respectively, providing power.

[0045] The power input terminal of the control circuit is connected to the output terminal of the power circuit to identify the DC power supply; the signal output terminal of the control circuit is connected to the signal input terminal of the switch circuit to adjust the output power and control its on / off state.

[0046] The switching circuit includes a connection terminal B, the power input terminal of the switching circuit is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the connection terminal B of the switching circuit is connected to the electrical load.

[0047] Furthermore, the power testing circuit also includes a command input circuit, which is connected to the command input terminal of the control circuit. The command input circuit can be a button, a touch button, or a sensor-based command input circuit.

[0048] A power module includes a power testing circuit and an electrical load powered by the power testing circuit. The power testing circuit includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a switching circuit; wherein:

[0049] The power supply circuit includes a connection terminal A, which is connected to a DC power supply; the power supply circuit is connected to a control circuit and a switching circuit respectively, providing power.

[0050] The control circuit is connected to the power supply circuit to identify the DC power supply power; the control circuit is also connected to the switching circuit to adjust the output power and control its on / off state.

[0051] The switching circuit includes a connection terminal B, which is connected to the power supply circuit and the connection terminal B is connected to the electrical load.

[0052] Furthermore, the power module includes a command input circuit connected to the command input terminal of the control circuit. The command input circuit can be a button, a touch button, or a sensor-based command input circuit. The electrical load can be one or a combination of a heating element / component, a motor, a light-emitting component, a speaker, and a camera.

[0053] A controller includes a housing and a power testing circuit disposed within the housing. The power testing circuit includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a switching circuit; wherein:

[0054] The power supply circuit includes a connection terminal A, which is connected to a DC power supply; the power supply circuit is connected to a control circuit and a switching circuit respectively, providing power.

[0055] The control circuit is connected to the power supply circuit to identify the DC power supply power; the control circuit is also connected to the switching circuit to adjust the output power and control its on / off state.

[0056] The switching circuit includes a connection terminal B, which is connected to the power supply circuit and the connection terminal B is connected to the electrical load.

[0057] Furthermore, the controller includes a command input circuit connected to the command input terminal of the control circuit. The command input circuit can be a button, a touch button, or a sensor-based command input circuit.

[0058] An electrical system includes a controller, a DC power supply, and electrical appliances. The controller includes a power testing circuit, which includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a switching circuit.

[0059] The power supply circuit includes a connection terminal A, which is connected to a DC power supply; the power supply circuit is connected to a control circuit and a switching circuit respectively, providing power.

[0060] The control circuit is connected to the power supply circuit to identify the DC power supply power; the control circuit is also connected to the switching circuit to adjust the output power and control its on / off state.

[0061] The switching circuit includes a connection terminal B, which is connected to the power supply circuit and the connection terminal B is connected to the electrical load.

[0062] Furthermore, the electrical system includes a command input circuit connected to the command input terminal of the control circuit. The control command input circuit is a button, touch, and sensor command input circuit. The electrical appliance is a heating device (such as...). Figure 7 Heating elements), electrical equipment, lighting fixtures (such as heating elements), electric devices ... Figure 6 LED module circuit, speaker (amplifier), photographic or video equipment, or a combination thereof.

[0063] The power supply circuit's input terminal connects to an external DC power source, while its output terminal connects to the power input terminals of the control and switching circuits. Depending on the actual production and application environment, the input and output terminals of the power supply circuit can be combined into one, effectively making the control circuit, switching circuit, and external DC power source directly connected. The power supply circuit's input terminal can also be connected using wires, terminals, soldering, rivets, printed circuit boards, USB, or Type-C, or a combination thereof. Similarly, the switching circuit's output terminal can also be connected using wires, terminals, soldering, rivets, printed circuit boards, USB, or Type-C, or a combination thereof.

[0064] The control circuit's power input terminal is connected to the power supply circuit's output terminal. When power is connected, the control circuit records the open-circuit voltage of the external DC power supply. The control circuit's signal output terminal is connected to the switching circuit's signal input terminal. The switching circuit, based on the signal from the control circuit, either opens or closes the power supply, adjusting the output voltage or power. Depending on the external DC power supply used by the electrical load, voltage regulators or current limiters can be added to the control circuit's input terminal to ensure a stable power supply for the control circuit.

[0065] The input terminal of the switching circuit is connected to the output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the switching circuit is connected to the electrical load. When the power supply is turned on, the control circuit detects the input voltage and determines the voltage and power of the external DC power supply. When the voltage and power meet the requirements of the electrical load, the control circuit does not need to send a signal to the switching circuit to adjust the voltage and power, and the switching circuit maintains the power output of the power supply. When the control circuit detects that the power of the electrical load is higher than the power of the external DC power supply, the control circuit sends a signal, and the switching circuit reduces the output power. Through similar adjustments, the external DC power supply and the electrical load can be stably and continuously operated within a certain voltage and current range by reducing the output power once or multiple times.

[0066] To provide products that better meet market needs, instruction input circuits, display circuits, parameter acquisition circuits, and temperature detection circuits (such as...) can be added. Figure 5(temperature sensing circuit), speed detection circuit, light intensity circuit), the electrical appliance is a heating device (such as...) Figure 7 Heating elements), electrical equipment, lighting fixtures (such as heating elements), electric devices ... Figure 6 LED module circuit, speaker (amplifier), photographic or video equipment, or a combination thereof.

[0067] This invention provides a power testing circuit that identifies the power of a DC power supply and adjusts its output power to supply power to the electrical load. It solves the problem of DC power supply protection tripping or burning out when the output power is less than the load power, allowing both the DC power supply and the load to continue operating and preventing power supply failure or burnout. Electrical loads integrating or using this circuit are compatible with more DC power supplies, giving appliances greater market adaptability. Suppliers selling these products do not need to equip themselves with DC power supplies; users can use their own spare DC power supplies. If the original DC power supply is damaged or lost, users can easily find a replacement.

[0068] Working principle:

[0069] I. See Figure 2 Power supply circuit:

[0070] When an external power supply provides VCC, this VCC is... Figure 2 A power supply path is formed between the ground GND; Figure 2 The power supply circuit ensures that the ground wire is fully connected at various points (SH1, SH2, SH3, SH4, and large areas inside the device) to guarantee stability.

[0071] II. See Figure 3 Control circuit:

[0072] The core of the MCU (Microcontroller Unit) is U1 (MCU) and its pins, such as P3.0 ~ P3.7, P1.0 ~ P1.7, RST / T2EX, etc. The MCU's power supply (VCC / 3.3V) is provided by the power supply circuit, and its ground pin (GND) is connected to the system common ground. The MCU acquires detection signals from the power supply circuit and switching circuit through analog channels or digital inputs. For example: ISEN is the current sensing terminal; HEAT-ADC / VREF corresponds to the load voltage, temperature, or other sensed quantities; P_ON / PWM are control signals issued by the MCU, or can also be load or power status pins. The HVIO terminal connects to the switching circuit and is used to send signals.

[0073] After powering on, the MCU reads parameters such as the DC power supply's no-load voltage or current under very small load to initially identify the external power supply power. Then, it determines whether the load power exceeds the DC power supply power and sends an adjustment signal to the switching circuit.

[0074] Output control signals. The diagram shows MCU pins labeled "PWM0", "PWM1", "P3.4", "P_ON", etc. Through these pins, the MCU sends adjustment commands to the switching circuit, including:

[0075] Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): Changes the duty cycle, thereby controlling the output voltage or current.

[0076] Current limiting / voltage reduction: It can also be achieved by switching digital signals and using circuits (MOSFETs, constant current transistors, etc.) to achieve the purpose of current limiting or voltage reduction.

[0077] When the load power exceeds the DC power supply power, causing a significant drop in the external power supply voltage, the MCU receives the information and instructs the switching circuit to reduce the output; if the power supply power is sufficient, the output power is maintained.

[0078] The control circuit is the "brain," which makes a comprehensive judgment on whether the power of the electrical load is greater than the power of the DC power supply, and sends a signal to the "switching circuit" in a digital / analog manner, instructing the switching circuit to perform specific power adjustment.

[0079] III. See Figure 4 Switching circuit:

[0080] exist Figure 4 In the diagram, you can see field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) such as Q1, Q2, and Q4, along with their corresponding drive resistors (R8, R9, etc.). These constitute the core power conversion section. The gate (or base) of the switching devices is connected to the MCU's PWM / P_ON / current limiting command pins. Once a command is received, the device changes its on / off state, thereby controlling the power supply to the load.

[0081] The output terminal can be labeled as Connection Terminal B or "Load," and is connected to the load (light fixture, motor, circuit board, etc.). To achieve closed-loop control, the switching circuit can connect to the control circuit via ISEN to feed back the current information flowing through the load to the control circuit (MCU). This allows the MCU to monitor and correct the output duty cycle or voltage in real time.

[0082] The switching circuit executes the MCU's adjustment instructions, actually determining "how much power to output to the load," and also feeds back the dynamic load status to the control circuit through current detection and other methods, so that the system forms a complete closed loop.

[0083] During work:

[0084] 1. Power-on and initial testing

[0085] The user plugs in the external DC power supply. Figure 2The input terminal of the power supply circuit, the power supply circuit supplies Figure 3 MCU & Figure 4 The switching circuit provides power. The MCU reads the power supply voltage and current signals (such as ISEN) under no-load / light-load conditions and performs a "power test". If the voltage is too low, it means that the power supply may be insufficient and the power needs to be reduced.

[0086] 2. Normal operation and dynamic adjustment

[0087] When the power is plugged in and powered on, if the switching circuit is in the open state, the electrical load starts to work. If the power supply is sufficient, the output power will be maintained. If the load power exceeds the DC power supply power, the input voltage will drop. The MCU receives the signal and issues an instruction, and the switching circuit narrows the duty cycle or enters the current limiting mode to protect the external power supply.

[0088] 3. Overload or abnormal protection

[0089] If the load power exceeds the power supply's capacity or a short circuit occurs, the switching circuit will experience overcurrent. The MCU, detecting the abnormal voltage, can then shut down or significantly reduce the output power to prevent power supply damage. The entire control process is completed in the MCU program or logic circuit, with the hardware consisting of the power supply circuit and the switching circuit performing their respective tasks.

[0090] 4. Feedback and Human-Computer Interaction (Optional)

[0091] If the circuit has a display and command input circuit, the user can view the circuit's working status or the load's working status, such as "voltage", "circuit abnormality", "temperature", etc. The user can also operate or set the functions they need (adjust the temperature, light brightness, fan speed, etc.).

[0092] In the specification and claims of this application, the terms "comprising / including" and "having / including" and variations thereof are used to specify the presence of the stated features, values, steps or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, values, steps, components or combinations thereof.

[0093] Some features of this invention are described in different embodiments for clarity; however, these features may also be described in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, some features of this invention are described only in a single embodiment for brevity; however, these features may also be described individually or in any suitable combination in different embodiments.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that any cross-referencing or superposition of the various embodiments of this solution by those skilled in the art still falls within the original disclosure scope of this solution. Furthermore, the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A power testing circuit, characterized in that, include: The power supply circuit has a connection terminal A connected to a DC power supply; A control circuit, connected to the power supply circuit, is used to detect the DC power supply power and output an adjustment signal based on the detection result; A switching circuit is connected to the power supply circuit and the control circuit respectively, and has a connection terminal B connected to the electrical load, which is used to adjust the power output to the electrical load and / or control the on / off state according to the adjustment signal.

2. The power testing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit is used to detect the voltage when the DC power supply is turned on, and to determine the power of the DC power supply based on the voltage.

3. The power testing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching circuit adjusts the output power through at least one of pulse width modulation, current limiting mode, or buck mode.

4. The power testing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an instruction input circuit that connects to the instruction input terminal of the control circuit.

5. A power testing circuit, characterized in that, include: Terminal A is used to connect to an external power source; A control circuit, connected to the connection terminal A, is used to detect the DC power supply power and output an adjustment signal based on the detection result; The switching circuit is connected to connection terminal A and the control circuit respectively, and has a connection terminal B connected to the electrical load, which is used to adjust the power output to the electrical load and / or control the on / off state according to the adjustment signal.

6. A power module, characterized in that, The power module includes the power testing circuit as described in any one of claims 1-5; It also includes an electrical load connected to the connection terminal B of the switching circuit.

7. A controller, characterized in that, The controller includes a housing and a power testing circuit according to any one of claims 1-5 disposed within the housing.

8. An electrical system, characterized in that, The power testing circuit according to any one of claims 1-5 further includes: DC power supply, connected to terminal A; The electrical appliance is connected to terminal B.

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