A circuit that supports high-current charging detection

Abstract

A circuit supporting high-current charging detection, mounted on a circuit board, includes an input source for connecting to an external power supply; a charging detection circuit for detecting the charging current and outputting a charging detection signal to a battery and an MCU, comprising at least a diode module, a sampling resistor module, and an optocoupler; the diode module includes at least multiple first power diodes connected in parallel, with the anodes of all first power diodes connected to the input source and the cathodes connected to the positive terminal of the battery; the sampling resistor module has one end connected to the common terminal of the input source and the diode module, and the other end connected to the first pin of the optocoupler, including multiple sampling resistors connected in parallel; the second and third pins of the optocoupler are grounded, and the fourth pin is connected to the MCU; the battery is used to adjust the charging current according to the charging detection signal. This invention can accurately detect the high-current charging state and flexibly adjust the resistance and power of the sampling resistors to meet the detection requirements of different current ranges.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of charging detection circuit technology, and in particular to a circuit that supports high-current charging detection. Background Technology

[0002] Fast charging technology has become an important component of portable electronic devices such as transport robots and humanoid robots. To achieve faster charging speeds, high-current charging is gradually becoming the mainstream trend.

[0003] However, existing charging detection circuits often produce large errors, making it impossible to accurately determine the charging status and difficult to simultaneously meet the charging current requirements of different battery specifications.

[0004] In other words, existing technologies suffer from low detection accuracy and poor adaptability. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a circuit that supports high-current charging detection and enables precise detection of dynamic changes in current magnitude.

[0006] This utility model is implemented using the following method: a circuit supporting high-current charging detection, disposed on a circuit board, comprising:

[0007] Input source, used to connect to an external power source;

[0008] A charging detection circuit is used to detect the charging current and output a charging detection signal to the battery and the MCU. It includes at least a diode module, a sampling resistor module and an optocoupler.

[0009] The diode module includes at least a plurality of first power diodes connected in parallel, wherein the anodes of each first power diode are connected to the input source and the cathodes are connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0010] The sampling resistor module has one end connected to the common terminal of the input source and the diode module, and the other end connected to the first pin of the optocoupler. It includes multiple sampling resistors connected in parallel.

[0011] The second and third pins of the optocoupler are grounded, and the fourth pin is connected to the MCU.

[0012] The battery is used to adjust the charging current based on the charging detection signal.

[0013] Preferably, the diode module includes four first power diodes.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling resistor module includes eight sampling resistors.

[0015] Preferably, the input source includes at least a plurality of parallel input ports, and at least one input port is connected in parallel with a second power diode.

[0016] Preferably, a third power diode is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and the negative terminal of the battery is grounded.

[0017] Preferably, a first filter capacitor is provided between the input source and the diode module. One end of the first filter capacitor is connected to the common terminal of the input source and the diode module, and the other end is grounded.

[0018] Preferably, a second filter capacitor is provided between the diode module and the battery. One end of the second filter capacitor is connected to the common terminal of the diode module and the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end is grounded.

[0019] Preferably, an RC filter circuit is provided between the first pin and the second pin of the optocoupler;

[0020] The RC filter circuit includes a third filter capacitor and a current-limiting resistor connected in parallel.

[0021] Preferably, the optocoupler is connected to the MCU via a connector;

[0022] The fourth pin of the optocoupler is connected to the second pin of the connector via the first TVS diode;

[0023] The first pin of the connector is connected to the logic power supply, and the third pin of the connector is grounded;

[0024] A second TVS diode and a fourth filter capacitor are connected in parallel between the first and third pins of the connector.

[0025] Preferably, the circuit board includes a layered heat dissipation structure, which includes a bare copper area of ​​the PCB covering the heat-generating area, a VIA layer penetrating the PCB, and a metal heat sink attached to the bare copper area; a thermal grease layer is also provided between the metal heat sink and the PCB.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0027] 1. By setting up an input source, charging detection circuit, diode module, sampling resistor module, optocoupler and battery on the circuit board, the high-current charging state can be accurately detected and the charging detection signal can be stably output to the battery and MCU, effectively solving the problem of insufficient detection accuracy of high-current charging; the sampling resistor module contains multiple parallel sampling resistors, which can accurately sample the current signal under high current conditions, and the resistance value and power of the sampling resistors can be flexibly adjusted through parallel connection to meet the detection requirements of different current ranges, enhancing the adaptability and reliability of the circuit.

[0028] 2. The input source, through multiple parallel input ports and a second power diode connected in parallel, can realize the parallel access and current splitting of multiple input currents, which improves the input adaptability and flexibility of the circuit, and enhances the reliability under high current input.

[0029] 3. A third power diode is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery to provide a reverse current protection mechanism for the battery, preventing reverse current from damaging the circuit during charging and further improving the safety and stability of the circuit.

[0030] 4. The setting of the first filter capacitor can effectively filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the input current, making the current input to the diode module smoother and more stable, improving the circuit's anti-interference ability and the accuracy of charging detection.

[0031] 5. The second filter capacitor can further filter the current output by the diode module, ensuring that the charging current entering the battery is stable and reliable, reducing the impact of current fluctuations on the battery, and extending the battery's service life.

[0032] 6. The third filter capacitor and current-limiting resistor connected in parallel in the RC filter circuit can filter and limit the signal on the input side of the optocoupler, eliminating high-frequency interference and spike pulses in the signal transmission process, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the charging detection signal, and improving the service life of the optocoupler.

[0033] 7. The optocoupler connects to the MCU via a connector, simplifying the circuit connection and improving the circuit's integration and reliability. The placement of the first TVS diode, the second TVS diode, and the fourth filter capacitor effectively prevents damage to the circuit from transient overvoltages such as electrostatic discharge and surge voltage at the connector, enhancing the circuit's anti-interference capability and stability, and ensuring reliable transmission of the charging detection signal.

[0034] 8. The layered heat dissipation structure forms an efficient heat conduction path by setting up bare copper areas, VIA layers, metal heat sinks, and thermal grease layers on the PCB. It can quickly conduct the heat generated by the circuit components to the metal heat sink, and the heat dissipation effect is further enhanced by the good thermal conductivity of the thermal grease layer. This effectively reduces the temperature rise of the circuit board, solves the problem of heat dissipation difficulties during high-current charging, improves the stability and reliability of the circuit under high-current operating conditions, and extends the service life of the circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a module block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit that supports high-current charging detection according to this utility model.

[0036] Figure 2This is a circuit schematic diagram of one embodiment of a circuit that supports high-current charging detection according to this utility model.

[0037] Figure reference numerals: 10, Input source; 20, Charging detection circuit; 21, Diode module; 22, Sampling resistor module; 23, Optocoupler; 30, Battery; 40, MCU. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 A circuit supporting high-current charging detection, disposed on a circuit board, includes:

[0040] Input source 10 is used to connect to an external power source;

[0041] The charging detection circuit 20 is used to detect the charging current and output a charging detection signal to the battery 30 and MCU 40, and includes at least a diode module 21, a sampling resistor module 22 and an optocoupler 23.

[0042] The diode module 21 includes at least a plurality of first power diodes connected in parallel, wherein the anodes of each first power diode are connected to the input source 10 and the cathodes are connected to the positive terminal of the battery 30.

[0043] The sampling resistor module 22 has one end connected to the common terminal of the input source 10 and the diode module 21, and the other end connected to the first pin of the optocoupler 23, and includes multiple sampling resistors connected in parallel.

[0044] The second and third pins of optocoupler 23 are grounded, and the fourth pin is connected to MCU40;

[0045] Battery 30 is used to adjust the charging current based on the charging detection signal.

[0046] This invention, by setting up an input source 10, a charging detection circuit 20, a diode module 21, a sampling resistor module 22, an optocoupler 23, and a battery 30 on a circuit board, can accurately detect the high-current charging state and stably output a charging detection signal to the battery 30 and the MCU 40, effectively solving the problem of insufficient accuracy in high-current charging detection. The sampling resistor module 22 contains multiple parallel sampling resistors, which can accurately sample the current signal under high-current conditions. Furthermore, the resistance and power of the sampling resistors can be flexibly adjusted through parallel connection to meet the detection requirements of different current ranges, enhancing the adaptability and reliability of the circuit.

[0047] Furthermore, the first power diode is a power-dissipating type with a small forward voltage drop. Utilizing its unidirectional conduction principle, it distinguishes the detected power supply from the input terminal, ensuring it originates from the battery's output voltage. The parallel connection of the first power diodes effectively shunts the current and provides excellent heat dissipation. The number of diodes can also be adjusted based on the magnitude of the detected current.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first pin of optocoupler U1 is connected to the common terminal of multiple parallel sampling resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R10, and R11). The second and third pins of optocoupler U1 are grounded, and the fourth pin is connected to MCU40. It should be noted that the optocoupler... Figure 1 The designation 23 indicates that it is part of the current measuring circuit 20; however, in Figure 2 In the specific circuit, the component code U1 is used to refer to it, which does not constitute an improper limitation on this utility model.

[0049] Preferably, the diode module 21 includes four first power diodes (two first power diodes D1 connected in parallel and two first power diodes D2 connected in parallel).

[0050] Preferably, the sampling resistor module 22 includes eight sampling resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9, R10 and R11.

[0051] Furthermore, the diode module 21 also includes four reserved first power diodes (two first power diodes D3 and two first power diodes D4 connected in parallel); the sampling resistor module 22 also includes two reserved sampling resistors (not shown in the figure, but can be set according to actual needs).

[0052] In this embodiment, the input source 10 includes at least a plurality of parallel input ports, and at least one input port is connected in parallel with a second power diode D5.

[0053] Preferably, the input source 10 includes two parallel input ports (input1 and input2), and input1 is connected in parallel with a second power diode D5.

[0054] The input source 10 of this utility model, through multiple parallel input ports (input1 and input2) and a second power diode D5 connected in parallel, can realize the parallel access and current splitting of multiple input currents, improve the input adaptability and flexibility of the circuit, and enhance the reliability when large current is input.

[0055] In this embodiment, a third power diode D6 is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery 30, and the negative terminal of the battery 30 is grounded.

[0056] This invention connects a third power diode D6 in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of battery 30, providing a reverse current protection mechanism for battery 30. This prevents reverse current from damaging the circuit during charging, further improving the safety and stability of the circuit.

[0057] In this embodiment, a first filter capacitor C3 is also provided between the input source 10 and the diode module 21. One end of the first filter capacitor C3 is connected to the common terminal of the input source 10 and the diode module 21, and the other end is grounded.

[0058] The first filter capacitor C3 in this invention can effectively filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the input current, making the current input to the diode module 21 smoother and more stable, thus improving the circuit's anti-interference capability and the accuracy of charging detection.

[0059] In this embodiment, a second filter capacitor C4 is also provided between the diode module 21 and the battery 30. One end of the second filter capacitor C4 is connected to the common terminal of the positive terminal of the diode module 21 and the battery 30, and the other end is grounded.

[0060] The second filter capacitor C4 in this invention can further filter the current output by the diode module 21, ensuring that the charging current entering the battery 30 is stable and reliable, reducing the impact of current fluctuations on the battery 30, and extending the service life of the battery 30.

[0061] In this embodiment, an RC filter circuit is provided between the first pin and the second pin of the optocoupler U1;

[0062] The RC filter circuit includes a third filter capacitor C2 and a current-limiting resistor R8 connected in parallel.

[0063] In this invention, the third filter capacitor C2 and the current-limiting resistor R8 connected in parallel in the RC filter circuit can filter and limit the signal on the input side of the optocoupler U1, eliminating high-frequency interference and spike pulses in the signal transmission process, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the charging detection signal, and improving the service life of the optocoupler U1.

[0064] In this embodiment, the optocoupler U1 is connected to the MCU40 via connector J3;

[0065] The fourth pin of optocoupler U1 is connected to the second pin of connector J3 through the first TVS diode TVS3;

[0066] The first pin of connector J3 is connected to the logic power supply SYS_3V3, and the third pin of connector J3 is grounded.

[0067] A second TVS diode (TVS1) and a fourth filter capacitor (C1) are connected in parallel between the first and third pins of connector J3.

[0068] Preferably, a resistor R7 and a resistor R6 are connected in series between the fourth pin of the optocoupler U1 and the second pin of the connector J3. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to the logic power supply SYS_3V3, and the other end is connected to the common terminal of the fourth pin of the optocoupler U1 and the resistor R7.

[0069] The optocoupler U1 of this invention is connected to the MCU40 via connector J3, simplifying the circuit connection and improving the circuit's integration and reliability. The placement of the first TVS diode TVS3, the second TVS diode TVS1, and the fourth filter capacitor C1 effectively prevents damage to the circuit from transient overvoltages such as electrostatic discharge and surge voltage at the connector, enhancing the circuit's anti-interference capability and stability, and ensuring reliable transmission of the charging detection signal.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 1 The working principle of this invention is as follows: The circuit is powered by input source 10. Voltage sampling is performed by sampling resistor module 22, followed by isolation and conversion by optocoupler 23. Simultaneously, a large current flows unidirectionally through diode module 21 to charge the battery. Optocoupler 23 feeds back the detected charging signal to MCU 40. The charging current supported by this circuit is expandable, supporting 50mA to 40A (or even larger current detection). The voltage is also expandable; simply adjust the sampling resistor value. The overall circuit schematic is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0071] In this embodiment, the circuit board includes a layered heat dissipation structure, which includes a bare copper area of ​​the PCB covering the heat-generating area, a VIA layer penetrating the PCB, and a metal heat sink attached to the bare copper area; a thermal grease layer is also provided between the metal heat sink and the PCB.

[0072] This invention's layered heat dissipation structure forms an efficient heat conduction path by setting a bare copper area, a VIA layer, a metal heat sink, and a thermal grease layer on the PCB. This allows for rapid heat transfer from circuit components to the metal heat sink, and the excellent thermal conductivity of the thermal grease layer further enhances the heat dissipation effect. This effectively reduces the temperature rise of the circuit board, solves the problem of heat dissipation difficulties during high-current charging, improves the stability and reliability of the circuit under high-current operating conditions, and extends the service life of the circuit.

[0073] Several points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connection, or internal connection between two components, or direct connection. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationship. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0074] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this utility model. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0075] Finally, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. The protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions that fall within the scope of the present utility model are protected by the present utility model.

[0076] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of this utility model should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A circuit supporting large current charging detection, characterized by, Located on the circuit board, including: Input source, used to connect to an external power source; A charging detection circuit is used to detect the charging current and output a charging detection signal to the battery and the MCU. It includes at least a diode module, a sampling resistor module and an optocoupler. The diode module includes at least a plurality of first power diodes connected in parallel, wherein the anodes of each first power diode are connected to the input source and the cathodes are connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The sampling resistor module has one end connected to the common terminal of the input source and the diode module, and the other end connected to the first pin of the optocoupler. It includes multiple sampling resistors connected in parallel. The second and third pins of the optocoupler are grounded, and the fourth pin is connected to the MCU. The battery is used to adjust the charging current based on the charging detection signal.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The diode module includes four first power diodes.

3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The sampling resistor module includes eight sampling resistors.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The input source includes at least a plurality of input ports connected in parallel, and at least one input port is connected in parallel with a second power diode.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, A third power diode is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and the negative terminal of the battery is grounded.

6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, A first filter capacitor is also provided between the input source and the diode module. One end of the first filter capacitor is connected to the common terminal of the input source and the diode module, and the other end is grounded.

7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, A second filter capacitor is also provided between the diode module and the battery. One end of the second filter capacitor is connected to the common terminal of the diode module and the positive terminal of the battery, and the other end is grounded.

8. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, An RC filter circuit is provided between the first and second pins of the optocoupler; The RC filter circuit includes a third filter capacitor and a current-limiting resistor connected in parallel.

9. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, The optocoupler is connected to the MCU via a connector; The fourth pin of the optocoupler is connected to the second pin of the connector via the first TVS diode; The first pin of the connector is connected to the logic power supply, and the third pin of the connector is grounded; A second TVS diode and a fourth filter capacitor are connected in parallel between the first and third pins of the connector.

10. The circuit supporting high-current charging detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit board includes a layered heat dissipation structure, which includes a bare copper area of ​​the PCB covering the heat-generating area, a VIA layer that runs through the PCB, and a metal heat sink that is attached to the bare copper area; a thermal grease layer is also provided between the metal heat sink and the PCB.

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