METHOD FOR TRAINING THE ANTICIPATION OF THE RUNWAY OF A GAME OBJECT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for training the anticipation of the trajectory of a game object, in particular a ball, according to claim 1, and an arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 9.

[0002] The athleticism and technique of players are constantly evolving, and the speed of the objects used, such as balls or pucks, is also increasing, especially in elite sports. This is particularly true for various racket sports such as tennis, badminton, table tennis, and paddle tennis, but also volleyball, soccer, fistball, and ice hockey.

[0003] In racket sports, the balls hit reach speeds of up to 200 km / h and more. This gives the receiver increasingly less time to move towards the ball and execute their shot. Balls are either not reached at all or only under extreme time pressure. This increases the error rate. This is most evident in tennis returns (aces, winners). With fast serves exceeding 200 km / h, the returner has approximately 0.5 seconds to initiate the return.

[0004] During this time, several cognitive processes need to be completed: Observe --> Observation of the execution of the blow Recognize --> A trend is identified Analyze --> The detected information is analyzed. Several options --> Multiple options possible Evaluate --> Evaluation of the options Decide --> Decide which option is executed action --> Initiate a setback

[0005] In sports like table tennis and badminton, these times are even shorter. Here, when faced with fast-moving shots over short distances, the receiver often has only about 0.1-0.2 seconds to initiate the return. With such short timeframes, it's only possible to return the hit ball if its direction can be deduced from the opponent's striking motion. This allows the player to initiate the return motion earlier, giving them more time to reach and return the ball.

[0006] US Patent 4303241 A discloses a training procedure or arrangement for a baseball batter. To enable the batter to calculate the remaining trajectory of the ball, the initial portion of the baseball's flight path must be observed for a certain period. After the ball leaves the pitcher's hand, the batter's field of vision is obscured by closing a visor. This is achieved by activating a pressure switch located on the ground, which is triggered by the pitcher as soon as their lead foot touches the ground during the throw.

[0007] US Patent 9956465 B1 also discloses a training method or arrangement for a baseball batter in which the ball remains visible for a certain period after it leaves the pitcher's hand in order to deduce the remaining trajectory. The batter's visor is then darkened by a sensor. This sensor is a motion detector that can be installed in various positions on the ground, triggered, for example, by the pitcher's leading foot, arm, or the ball during a throwing motion.

[0008] The ability to anticipate the trajectory of a ball is currently trained primarily automatically through practice and conscious observation of the opponent's body language in the respective sport. For example, shadow tennis, i.e., a tennis game without a ball, is a well-known method where players can train to recognize where the ball will be played by observing the striking motion. Similar techniques exist in football, handball, and ice hockey, where, for instance, goalkeeper training involves playing light balls from close range with a racket, hand, or foot. The goalkeeper being trained must then recognize where the balls are being played and make the save. However, these training methods are not universally applicable, only show results after a long period of training, and the ability to anticipate is usually not optimally developed.

[0009] The object of the invention is therefore to remedy this situation and to provide a training method or training arrangement that can be used by players of various sports and team sizes and that quickly and efficiently trains the ability to anticipate the trajectory of a game object.

[0010] The invention solves this problem with a method for training the anticipation of the trajectory of a game object, in particular a ball, for at least two players, with the features of claim 1.

[0011] In the following, "game objects" are understood to mean any objects that can be played or set in motion by a person participating in a sport, for example, with their foot, hand, head, or any other body part, or with sports equipment such as a racket or paddle. After the last contact with the game object during the execution movement—that is, after the game object last made contact with, for example, a racket, a device for attaching it to a player's body, or a body part of a player, such as the foot of the first soccer player playing the game object—the game object is not visible to the second player being trained for a predetermined period of darkness.

[0012] In the context of the invention, an execution movement is understood to be any movement by which a game object is played or set into flight. This can involve, for example, a player's body part being used to set the game object in flight, as is the case in soccer or volleyball. However, a striking device can also be used to set the game object in flight, such as a tennis racket to hit a tennis ball or an ice hockey stick to hit a puck. During such an execution movement, a striking device can assume a variety of characteristic positions, such as a turning point, a lowest point, or a point of contact with the game object, which can be used to detect the execution movement. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to detect the execution movement from the game object itself, e.g.,in the form of a meeting point, i.e., an impact of, for example, a striking implement or a player's body part on the game object.

[0013] In the context of the invention, a striking device is understood to be any sports equipment suitable for setting a game object on a flight path during a performance movement, such as rackets, e.g. tennis rackets, badminton rackets or table tennis rackets, or also sticks, e.g. ice hockey sticks.

[0014] By training with a method according to the invention, an athlete can advantageously train their anticipatory skills particularly efficiently and develop them within a very short time, e.g., within a few weeks. This enables players to recognize a fraction of a second earlier where the ball will be played and to move towards it earlier in order to reach it. As a result, the error rate decreases and the level of play increases.

[0015] The first player passes a game object to the second player, who is being trained and is wearing blackout goggles. In the context of this invention, blackout goggles are understood to be any goggles whose lenses can be switched at least partially opaque or transparent, such as shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses. "Switching to opaque" in the context of this invention means that, in the opaque state of the blackout goggles, the wearer cannot directly see their entire surroundings in their line of sight and / or predetermined objects, such as the game object.

[0016] In the context of this invention, virtual reality glasses are understood to be any glasses that enable a person, i.e., the wearer of the virtual reality glasses, to temporarily display or visualize a physical environment and, at least partially, a computer-generated virtual environment. In the context of this invention, virtual reality glasses are also understood to be glasses with which the athlete perceives the environment realistically, but with which part or all of the field of vision can be replaced by a virtual image. This combined display of a physical and a virtual environment is often referred to as augmented reality glasses or mixed reality glasses. Therefore, in the context of this invention, a head-mounted display that has one of the functionalities mentioned above is also considered a virtual reality headset.

[0017] Switching the blackout goggles to opaque allows the object being played by the first player to be hidden from view from a predetermined point. With the goggles opaque, the second player must try to anticipate the object's trajectory in order to move towards it, position themselves correctly, and initiate the return. Because the second player must anticipate the object's trajectory by observing the execution of the action, which includes the movements of the first player and their racket, this training method optimally develops anticipatory skills.

[0018] To allow multiple players to train simultaneously, thus optimizing their anticipation skills, it may be possible to provide for... that the first player and the second player each wear blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, that execution movements are detected in the first player and the second player, and that upon detection of an execution movement, the blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of the first player and the blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of the second player are each alternately made opaque.

[0019] In order to simultaneously train the anticipation skills of players from two teams, for example the players of the two teams in tennis doubles or the players of two football teams, it may be possible to that two teams with several players each are provided for and all players of the first team and all players of the second team each wear blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, that execution movements are detected in all players, and that upon detection of an execution movement, the blackout goggles, in particular the shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of the player of the first team and the blackout goggles, in particular the shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of the player of the second team are each alternately made opaque, or the blackout goggles, in particular the shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of all players except the blackout goggles, in particular the shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, of the player who is performing the execution movement are made opaque.

[0020] To ensure particularly efficient training of anticipatory ability, a method according to the invention may include the following: that only one side of the glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, is switched to be opaque and / or that the right and left sides of the glasses are switched to be opaque alternately and / or that the right and / or left sides of the glasses are switched to be transparent and then back to opaque at a predetermined frequency, in particular in the form of flashing.

[0021] Binocular vision gives humans depth perception, higher visual acuity, and a wider field of vision. When only one side of the glasses, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, is closed, depth perception, visual acuity, and the field of vision are restricted. Despite this limitation, the second player learns to almost reach peak performance (especially in their anticipation skills), thus training anticipation with only one eye, as well as other cognitive abilities.

[0022] Furthermore, humans have a dominant eye and an auxiliary eye. If, for example, the dominant eye is suppressed, the athlete being trained learns to almost reach peak performance (especially in their anticipation ability) using the auxiliary eye, thus training not only their anticipation ability but also other cognitive skills.

[0023] A particularly efficient detection of the execution movement and corresponding darkening of the darkening glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, is ensured in a method according to the invention by detecting contact with the game object during the execution movement and by switching the darkening glasses, in particular the shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, to opaque status based on the detected contact with the game object.

[0024] This approach is particularly advantageous because the point of contact with the object is especially easy and reliable to detect, thus generating a highly reliable control signal for the blindfold, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality headsets. Additionally, the point of contact clearly defines the boundary between the execution phase, during which a player can still intentionally alter the direction of the shot, and the follow-through phase, in which the player can no longer influence the object's trajectory. This technique is universally applicable to all sports, as well as to a wide variety of playing styles and shot types.

[0025] In order to adapt a method according to the invention to, for example, the individual experience of the player being trained, it can be provided that the darkening glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, are switched to opaque immediately after, preferably 4 to 9 ms after, particularly preferably 5 ms after, the detected contact with the game object.

[0026] Since it is difficult for a player undergoing training who has little experience and limited training time, and therefore has a lower level of anticipation, if the blindfold, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, are already opaque at the moment of the meeting point, it is helpful if such a delay time can be set. This scalable difficulty level, achieved through adjustable delay times, promotes rapid learning and, depending on the player's existing anticipation skills, allows for an adapted level of difficulty in anticipation training, making it ideally suited for everyone from beginners to professional athletes.

[0027] Further improvements to the training effect can be achieved by adjusting the speed at which the game object is played or the distance to the first player. that the speed of the playing object after it has been put into flight, in particular the speed after contact with a striking device, especially a racket or paddle, is determined, and that the duration of the period in which the blackout goggles are switched off is selected in particular automatically, depending on the determined speed of the playing object, and / or that the distance between the first player and the second player is determined, and that the duration of the period in which the blackout goggles are switched off is selected in particular automatically, depending on the determined distance.

[0028] The term "period during which the blackout glasses are switched to be opaque" is used synonymously with the term "blackout period" in connection with the invention.

[0029] For example, in tennis, for optimal training effect, it is advantageous if the blackout goggles, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, always open when the ball, for example, passes the net. A shorter closure time is therefore beneficial for fast-hit balls, and a longer closure time for slow-hit balls. This method ensures that the training effect is maximized for both fast and slow-hit balls.

[0030] This function can also be used for multiple players, for example in doubles or team sports. For each player, a distance- and / or speed-dependent closure time for the blackout glasses would be selected, depending on the distance to the player currently hitting the ball, ensuring it is optimal for that individual player.

[0031] Further improvement of the training can be achieved if the duration of the period in which the darkening glasses, in particular the shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, are switched to opaque is 50 ms to 3 s, in particular 50 ms to 1 s, preferably 50 ms to 300 ms.

[0032] In order to ensure, in a method according to the invention, that the second player advantageously learns to anticipate the entire trajectory of the game object up to the point of contact with the game object, it can be provided that the darkening glasses are switched back to transparent at the latest when an execution movement of the second player is detected.

[0033] According to an advantageous variant, it can be provided that the darkening glasses are switched to transparent, after the second player has hit the playing object, preferably after the playing object has been hit by a striking device, in particular a racket or bat, of the second player, and / or when the striking device, in particular the racket or bat, of the second player passes a turning point in the course of the execution movement.

[0034] With perfect anticipation, an athlete could predict the trajectory, speed, length, and height of the struck ball so accurately that they could even hit it while wearing closed blackout goggles, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality headsets. This is a particularly challenging form of training because the player being trained must calculate the speed, direction, length, and bounce height of the ball and ultimately execute the shot while wearing the closed goggles.

[0035] Particularly reliable detection of the execution movement can be achieved if the detection of the execution movement and / or the contact with the game object is carried out using an accelerometer.

[0036] A further improvement in the reliability of the detection of the execution movement can be ensured if the detection of the execution movement and / or the contact with the game object is carried out by means of at least one position sensor, in particular a gyroscope sensor and / or a magnetic field sensor.

[0037] Particularly reliable detection of the execution movement and / or contact with the game object can be ensured if the measured values ​​of an accelerometer, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetic field sensor are used together, i.e. in combined form, for the detection of the execution movement and / or contact with the game object.

[0038] In the context of the invention, a magnetic field sensor or magnetometer is understood to be a sensory device for measuring the magnetic flux density (unit Tesla (T)) or the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field for all three spatial directions (x, y, z). Such a sensor can be used, for example, to determine the orientation and position of a racket, usually in combination with an accelerometer and / or gyroscope.

[0039] In the context of the invention, an acceleration sensor is understood to be a preferably digital linear, 3D acceleration sensor that measures accelerations in the unit m / s² in all three spatial directions (x, y, z). Such a sensor can be used, for example, to detect whether an increase or decrease in speed is occurring, and it can also be used in combination with, for example, a gyroscope sensor and / or a magnetometer to determine the orientation and position of a racket.

[0040] In the context of the invention, a gyroscope sensor is understood to be a 3D digital angular rate sensor that measures the angle of an object relative to gravity in all three spatial directions (x, y, z) or the angular velocity in degrees per second (° / s). Such a sensor can be used in combination with, for example, an accelerometer and / or a magnetometer to determine the orientation and position of a racket.

[0041] A particularly effective use of a method according to the invention in racket sports can be ensured if the execution movement is carried out with a striking device, in particular a racket, preferably a tennis racket or badminton racket or table tennis racket, or a paddle, preferably an ice hockey stick, and if the darkening glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, are switched to an opaque state. if the acceleration of the striking device, in particular the racket or club, measured during the execution movement, in particular at the point of contact of the striking device, in particular the racket or club, with the object being played, exceeds a predetermined acceleration threshold, in particular of 120 m / s², and / or if the striking device, in particular the racket or club, reaches a predetermined position during the execution movement, in particular if the striking device, in particular the racket or club, crosses a turning point, and / or if the racket head speed of the striking device, in particular the racket or club, which is calculated in particular, exceeds a predetermined speed threshold, in particular of 20 m / s, and / or if the acceleration of the striking device, in particular the racket or club, measured during the execution movement at the point of contact of the striking device, in particular the racket or club,Vibrations occurring with the playing object exceed a predetermined threshold and / or if the time derivative of the acceleration of the striking device, in particular the racket or paddle, measured at the point of contact with the playing object, exceeds a predetermined threshold, in particular 2000.

[0042] An alternative option for making the blackout glasses opaque can be provided if, upon detection of the execution movement, the blackout glasses are made opaque for a certain period of time such that the game object is replaced by a virtual image for the second player after the last contact with the game object during the execution movement.

[0043] The object of the invention is also to provide an arrangement with which the inventive method can be carried out, which can be used by players of various sports and team sizes and makes it possible to train the ability to anticipate the trajectory of a game object quickly and efficiently.

[0044] This problem is solved by an arrangement having the features of claim 9.

[0045] Such an arrangement according to the invention enables particularly effective training of anticipation skills and is advantageously applicable to a wide variety of sports, such as tennis, table tennis, badminton, volleyball, football, etc. Furthermore, an arrangement according to the invention is easily adaptable to specific sports and scalable for a wide range of player levels, from beginners to professional athletes.

[0046] An alternative variant of an opaque circuit can be provided in an arrangement according to the invention if The arrangement comprises a pair of darkening glasses in the form of virtual reality glasses, which are designed to switch between transparent and opaque upon the presence of a control signal, and which is designed to switch the darkening glasses to an opaque state upon the presence of a corresponding control signal, such that the game object is replaced by a virtual image after the last contact with the game object during the execution movement, in particular after the last contact of the game object with a striking device, in particular a racket or paddle, or a device for arrangement on the body of a player, or a body part of a player.

[0047] To advantageously enable components of an arrangement according to the invention to be subsequently attached to, for example, a racket, they can be partially combined in a transmitter unit. Such a transmitter unit for an arrangement according to the invention, for mounting on a striking device, in particular a racket, preferably a tennis racket, a badminton racket or a table tennis racket, or a stick, preferably an ice hockey stick, or on a device for mounting on the body of a player, in particular a football boot or a cuff, or in or on a playing object, in particular a ball, comprises the following components: at least one sensor for detecting an execution movement and generating a corresponding detection signal, a control unit designed to receive the sensor's detection signals and, based on the detection signals, to generate a control signal for darkening goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, and a transmitting device designed to transmit the control signals generated by the control unit, in particular by radio.

[0048] Such a transmitter unit advantageously features a particularly compact design and low weight, allowing it to be easily attached to all rackets or, for example, to the hands or feet of athletes using cuffs. The integrated control unit enables particularly rapid and reliable detection of movements and exceptionally fast transmission of control signals.

[0049] Particularly reliable detection of the execution movement can be achieved in an arrangement according to the invention if the sensor is designed as an acceleration sensor.

[0050] Further improvements in the reliability of the detection of the execution movement can be ensured if the sensor is designed as a position sensor, in particular as a magnetic field sensor and / or gyroscope sensor, or if another sensor designed as a position sensor is arranged on the racket.

[0051] A particularly advantageous placement of the transmitter unit or sensor of an arrangement according to the invention can be achieved if the acceleration sensor is arranged on the handle of the striking device, in particular the racket or bat, preferably in the area of ​​the handle end of the striking device, in particular the racket or bat.

[0052] This allows the transmitter unit or accelerometer to be securely mounted, for example, inside the handle. The end of the handle, or its interior, is also an ideal location to attach a small additional weight without significantly affecting the performance or playing characteristics of the racket.

[0053] In order to advantageously arrange components of an arrangement according to the invention particularly compactly on a racket, they can be partially combined in a receiver unit. Such a receiver unit for an arrangement according to the invention for mounting on darkening goggles, in particular shutter goggles or virtual reality goggles, comprises the following components: a receiving device configured to receive control signals transmitted to the darkening glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, and a further control unit configured to control the darkening glasses, in particular shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses, to switch them to be transparent or opaque based on the control signals received by the receiving device.

[0054] Such a receiver unit advantageously features a particularly compact design and low weight, allowing it to be easily integrated into the frame or temple of darkening glasses, especially shutter glasses or virtual reality glasses. The integrated control unit within the receiver unit enables particularly fast and reliable control of the lenses to make them opaque.

[0055] A further improvement in the training effect, adapted to the speed at which the game object is played or to the distance to the first player, can be achieved if the receiver's additional control unit is trained to to specify the duration of the period during which the blackout goggles are opaque, depending on the speed of the object after it has been put into flight, in particular the speed of the object after contact with a striking device, especially a racket or paddle, and / or to specify the duration of the period during which the blackout goggles are opaque, depending on the distance between the first player and the second player.

[0056] In this context, for example, the control unit of the arrangement or the transmitting unit can be designed to determine the speed of the playing object after it has been set on its trajectory, in particular the speed of the playing object after contact with a racket, based on the measured values ​​of an accelerometer or also by combination with a position sensor such as a gyroscope sensor.

[0057] Advantageously, an arrangement or a transmitting and / or receiving unit according to the invention can also be in data communication with a smartphone on which software in the form of an app is installed in order to be able to specify parameters or select different settings or specifications using the smartphone.

[0058] Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

[0059] The invention is below schematically illustrated in the drawings using particularly advantageous, but not limiting, embodiments and is described by way of example with reference to the drawings.

[0060] The following schematically illustrates: Fig. 1 a representation of the stroke phases or physically clearly definable points and phases of a stroke execution in tennis, Fig. 2 a first embodiment of a training method according to the invention, Fig. 3 another illustration of the stroke phases in tennis, Fig. 4 the speed and acceleration of the racket head of a tennis racket during an execution movement, Fig. 5 an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, Fig. 6 an embodiment of a combined sensor for detecting the execution movement, Fig. 7Vibrations (y-axis) measured by the accelerometer during and after the impact of the playing object on the racket, Fig. 8 the acceleration and vibrations of a tennis racket, as well as the derivation of the acceleration during and after the impact of the playing object, Fig. 9 the acceleration of a tennis racket and the derivative of the acceleration during and after the impact of the playing object with a threshold value for the derivative of the acceleration to detect the impact of the playing object on the racket, Fig. 10 a schematic representation of a blend of the game object, Fig. 11 a schematic representation of the control of the display of a virtual reality headset, Fig. 12a-Fig. 12c Further examples of a blend of the game object. Fig. 13 shows one embodiment using the example of tennis

[0061] Due to the high speeds of the struck objects (6), it is desirable in various sports to develop and train the athletes' anticipation skills as effectively as possible. Even among professional athletes, significant differences in this area are often observed. Because the athlete constantly tracks the struck object (6), they also react to it. However, at high striking speeds, it is essential to observe the opponent very closely during the execution of the strike, rather than the object (6), in order to anticipate the direction of the strike and thus initiate the return early.

[0062] To train the ability to observe the opponent and not the game object 6 in detail, it is advantageous to briefly obscure the game object 6, e.g., the ball, at the moment it is struck by a racket or foot used by the opponent to propel the game object 6 in the desired direction. In a method according to the invention, this is achieved by having the player 2 being trained wear blackout goggles, e.g., shutter glasses 3 or virtual reality glasses.

[0063] Because the player being trained (2) can no longer see the playing object (6) for a short time after the point of contact (T), he is forced to observe the opponent and his movements very closely before this point of contact in order to anticipate the direction, spin and length of the hit playing object (6) and to be able to initiate the return phase (positioning to the ball and backswing phase), even though the player being trained (2) cannot see the playing object (6).

[0064] The following describes a first embodiment of a training method according to the invention using a racket sport as an example. In this first embodiment, shutter glasses 3 are used as the darkening glasses. All explanations given in the following embodiments in connection with shutter glasses 3 are of course also valid for other types of darkening glasses, such as virtual reality glasses.

[0065] The process of a method according to the invention is described in the following exemplary embodiment. Fig. 2 The method and arrangement 100 according to the invention are described using the example of a tennis player being trained. However, the method and arrangement 100 according to the invention can of course also be used for other racket sports such as table tennis or badminton, but also in football, ice hockey, handball, and also in combat sports such as karate, boxing, kickboxing or the like.

[0066] In tennis, a stroke consists of several stroke phases (see Fig. 1 ): A backswing phase u, which involves reaching the starting position in which a reversal point U and a lowest point N can be detected in the movement pattern of the tennis racket 4, an initiating striking phase s in which the acceleration a exceeds a predetermined threshold x, a striking phase s in which the point of contact T, where the tennis racket 4 hits the tennis ball, is reached, and a follow-through phase e.

[0067] By observing head position, leg stance, torso, shoulders, hitting hand, and racket, a tennis player (with perfect anticipation) can theoretically predict the direction of the shot, as well as spin, height, and placement. At the latest, the moment the racket strikes the ball, i.e., the point of contact (T), the player can no longer change the direction of the shot, and the ball's trajectory is fixed. At this point of impact, the returning player has all the information necessary to anticipate the direction, spin, height, and placement of the shot.

[0068] In order to train the anticipation of the trajectory of the tennis ball using a method according to the invention, at least two players are required: a first player 1, the training partner of the player to be trained, and a second player 2, the player to be trained.

[0069] The second player being trained, player 2, wears shutter glasses 3, which can switch between transparent and opaque modes, for example, when a corresponding control signal is received. This means the shutter glasses 3 can temporarily darken the second player's field of vision, so that player 2 cannot see anything during this period, especially not balls played by player 1.

[0070] The first player 1 transports the game object 6, in the exemplary embodiment a tennis ball, to the second player 2 to be trained by means of an execution movement. This execution movement is carried out by the first player 1 with tennis racket 4 in the first exemplary embodiment.

[0071] To effectively train the second player 2, it is advantageous that the tennis ball rebounding from the tennis racket 4 is no longer visible after the point of contact T, so that the second player 2 being trained cannot see the trajectory and direction of the hit tennis ball 6. The execution movement of the first player 1, with which he sets the tennis ball on its trajectory, is detected, and based on this detection, the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 are switched to opaque mode for a specific period of time during the execution movement.

[0072] The time between the detection of the execution movement and the darkening of the blackout goggles is of particular importance for the anticipation training to work and also significantly influences the technical requirements.

[0073] With a serve at 200 km / h, the ball would travel 5.6 m in 100 ms, and the second player would likely still be able to see where the tennis ball is going by observing it, even before the blackout goggles have closed. A time interval of 100 ms between the detection of the execution movement and the darkening of the blackout goggles is therefore particularly well-suited for training with slow strokes, for example, in children's training.

[0074] In tennis, the time between the impact of the tennis ball 6 on the tennis racket 4 and its rebound is approximately 4-6 ms. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous if the darkening glasses darken at the moment the tennis ball hits the racket 4. It is also advantageous if the darkening glasses close before the tennis ball leaves the racket 4 – the ball contact time is approximately 5 ms, so the time until the darkening glasses are less than 5 ms after the point of contact should be less than 5 ms. It is also acceptable if the darkening glasses close 5 ms after the last contact of the tennis ball with the racket 4.

[0075] Therefore, it is advantageous if the time between the detection of the execution movement, e.g., the contact of the tennis ball with the tennis racket 4, and the darkening of the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 is shorter than 5 ms.

[0076] In the first embodiment, an acceleration sensor 5 is attached to the tennis racket 4 of the first player 1 to detect the execution movement or contact of the tennis racket 4 with the tennis ball 6.

[0077] Additionally or alternatively, in all embodiments of a method or arrangement 100 according to the invention, the detection of the execution movement and / or the contact with the toy 6 can be carried out by means of a position sensor such as a gyroscope sensor 7 and / or magnetometer 8. Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to use an acoustic sensor such as a microphone to detect the execution movement in an arrangement 100 according to the invention. Exemplary embodiments of an arrangement 100 according to the invention are discussed in more detail below.

[0078] Using the acceleration sensor 5, the acceleration sensor is used in the first embodiment to detect the execution movement at the meeting point T (see Figs. 7 to 10The vibrations generated when the tennis racket 4 hits the tennis ball (i.e., when it comes into contact with the object 6) are detected, thus determining the precise moment the tennis ball hits the racket 4. The tennis ball is still attached to the first player's racket 4 or is just about to bounce off it. Based on this detection, a corresponding control signal is generated for the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 and transmitted to them, causing them to become opaque for a specific period of time.

[0079] Detecting the execution movement based on the vibrations generated at the point of contact T, i.e., when the tennis racket 4 strikes the tennis ball, offers several advantages. The point of contact T with the tennis ball represents a clearly identifiable event for the sensors and is independent of the type of stroke, playing style, or even the sport. Furthermore, the point of contact T marks a clear boundary between the phase in which the first player can still change the direction of the stroke and the follow-through phase e, where this is no longer possible. As mentioned previously, however, a sufficiently rapid detection of the point of contact T, or ball contact, is essential so that the shutter glasses 3 close early enough and the second player 2 no longer sees the tennis ball 6 after the point of contact T. A fast closure time of < 5 ms from the impact of the tennis ball on the tennis racket 4 until the shutter glasses 3 are completely darkened is therefore advantageous.

[0080] To ensure this, specific hardware can be used, for example. The generation and transmission of the control signal to the shutter glasses 3 can be carried out, for example, by means of a microcontroller which, immediately after the detection of the execution movement, in the first embodiment the detection of the point of contact T or ball contact, reads a trigger signal generated by the accelerometer 5 and then generates a control signal for the shutter glasses 3 and transmits it wirelessly to the shutter glasses 3 via an output circuit using the transmitter 12.

[0081] This control signal is received by the receiver 20, which is arranged on the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 being trained, and evaluated, for example, by the receiver 22 using an input circuit. It is then processed by the control unit 21 and forwarded to the control device 23 as a signal for the closable lenses of the shutter glasses 3, so that, in the first embodiment, the shutter glasses 3 are switched directly from transparent to opaque. This ensures that at least part of the execution movement before contact with the tennis ball is visible to the second player 2, and that the tennis ball is no longer visible to the second player 2 for a predetermined period after the final contact with the tennis racket 4 during the execution movement.

[0082] The Shutter Glasses 3 can optionally be controlled according to a pre-selected or definable program after receiving the control signal. For example, the blackout time can be set using a corresponding app on a smartphone. Thus, the Shutter Glasses 3 can be closed for a period of 200 ms, so that the second player being trained is essentially blind for this period.

[0083] The darkening period can also be varied depending on the force of the impact and / or the speed of the execution movement at the point of contact T. A short darkening period is useful for fast-moving objects 6 and a long darkening period for slow-moving objects 6. This ensures that the training stimulus remains high even with slow-moving objects 6, while still allowing the object 6 to be returned when played quickly. To detect this, the accelerometer 5 can detect the vibrations that occur. If an object 6 is struck with considerable force, the accelerometer 5 measures strong vibrations, or its peak values ​​are very high. The higher the peak value, the faster the struck object 6 is and the shorter the darkening period can be.This selected darkening time can then be transmitted together with the control signal for the darkening to the darkening glasses, e.g. shutter glasses 3.

[0084] The darkening period can also be chosen, as mentioned previously, depending on the velocity v at the meeting point T. To calculate the velocity v, the integration of the measured acceleration a can be used, or the calculation of the velocity v can be made more accurately by combining it with the signal from a gyroscope sensor 7 and, if necessary, a magnetometer 8 (see also Fig. 4 ). In Fig. 4 B specifies a possible threshold for acceleration a, G a possible threshold for velocity v, and T the time of the meeting point.

[0085] The higher the velocity v at the point of impact T, the faster the struck object 6 (or ball) is, and the shorter the blackout period can be. This selected blackout period, along with the control signal for the blackout, can then be transmitted to the blackout goggles, e.g., shutter goggles 3.

[0086] For implementation, the arrangement 100, in particular the control unit 11, can optionally specify a darkening period corresponding to the impact force or the speed of the execution movement or the playing object 6, in addition to a trigger signal or control signal for darkening the shutter glasses 3 on the tennis racket 4. In this case, the control unit 11 of the arrangement 100 contains corresponding parameters so that the values ​​of impact force or speed can be converted into darkening times depending on the parameter settings.

[0087] Another way to define the blackout period is to ensure that, upon contact of the ball 6 with the tennis racket 4 at the point of contact T during the return by the second player 2 being trained, the blackout goggles or shutter goggles 3 are switched back to transparent. The second player 2 being trained is thus virtually blind until the point of contact T, as their shutter goggles 3 are opaque. For this purpose, a receiver unit 10 is optionally mounted on the second player 2's tennis racket 4. This unit contains an accelerometer 5 and / or a position sensor to detect a point of contact T and subsequently control the blackout goggles or shutter goggles 3 of the second player 2. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0088] Furthermore, it is also possible to make the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 transparent again when an execution movement is detected, in particular a predefined position, such as the reversal point U. The transparency setting upon detection of the reversal point U has the advantage that the second player 2 can only see the location of the game object 6 shortly before it is hit, and can thus compare their calculated or anticipated trajectory of the game object 6 with the actual trajectory. The second player 2 may also have the opportunity to correct any deviation in order to still hit the game object 6. This will be discussed in more detail later.

[0089] Optionally, both players 1 and 2 can each wear shutter glasses 3, allowing for alternating training sessions during a match. In this case, each player's tennis racket 4 has a sensor, such as an accelerometer 5, to detect their movements.

[0090] For example, upon detection of the point of contact T, i.e., the impact of the tennis ball 6 on the tennis racket 4 of the first player 1, the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 can be switched to opaque mode to train the anticipation skills of the second player 2. The shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2 can then be switched back to transparent mode after a predetermined period.

[0091] Subsequently, for example, upon detection of the point of contact T or the impact of the tennis ball 6 on the tennis racket 4 of the second player 2, the shutter glasses 3 of the first player 1 can be switched to opaque mode to train the anticipation skills of the first player 1. In this way, reciprocal training of the anticipation skills of both players 1 and 2 is possible.

[0092] Such reciprocal training is of course also possible in other racket sports such as table tennis or badminton.

[0093] However, as already mentioned, a method or arrangement 100 according to the invention can also be used in other sports. For example, training of a goalkeeper's anticipation skills in football or handball can be achieved if a corresponding sensor is installed in the respective game object or, in the case of football training, optionally additionally or alternatively in the shoe of the player playing the ball, which detects the execution movement with which the game object 6 is set on its trajectory. This could be, for example, the moment at which a stationary football is hit, or, in the case of throwing a handball, when a predetermined acceleration value a is exceeded.

[0094] A method or arrangement 100 according to the invention can of course also be used in team sports when more than two players are to be trained.

[0095] As an example in this context, consider a tennis doubles match: Upon detection of the execution movement, the blackout goggles of the opposing players are switched to opaque, thus training the returning players to anticipate the trajectory of the ball. Optionally, in addition to the control signal for the blackout goggles, an identification number can also be sent so that only the correct goggles are switched to opaque, obscuring the vision of the returning players.

[0096] Two teams, each with several players, can train together. All players on the first team and all players on the second team wear blackout goggles, such as shutter glasses. The movements of each player are detected using one or more sensors, for example, integrated into soccer cleats or attached to the arms of volleyball players. Alternatively, the sensor(s) can be integrated into the game object itself. In this case, GPS or Bluetooth beacons can be used to additionally determine the side of the playing field on which the game object is currently located.Upon detection of an execution move by a player of the first team, the shutter glasses of the players of the second team are made opaque and vice versa, or the blackout glasses of all players except the player performing the execution move are made opaque.

[0097] During a football training session, the shutter glasses of all players can be made opaque upon detection of an execution movement. The shutter glasses of the player executing the movement can optionally be closed as well. Both the attacking and defending teams attempt to anticipate the trajectory of the ball. This helps players learn to take their first step a fraction of a second earlier in the right direction, thus reaching the ball sooner to score a goal or to position themselves effectively for early attack.

[0098] To enable particularly effective and varied training, the shutter glasses 3 of an arrangement according to the invention can additionally receive control signals, which are emitted, for example, by a control unit that the coach of the player being trained can operate manually. Thus, the coach can, for example, press a button to trigger or deactivate the darkening of the shutter glasses 3, or to switch between different methods of detecting the execution movement or to change the mode.

[0099] The following is a first Exemplary embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention 100 to carry out a method according to the invention using Fig. 5 Explained in detail. In the exemplary embodiment, arrangement 100 comprises shutter glasses 3 as darkening glasses. However, all statements in this context are also valid for other types of darkening glasses such as virtual reality glasses.

[0100] In principle, it is desirable that an arrangement according to the invention 100 fulfills the following requirements in order to enable the most pleasant and undisturbed training process possible for the players, while at the same time making the training effective: Robustness, wireless data transmission with a range of e.g. at least 40 m to 140 m, response time of e.g. a maximum of 8 ms, small specific design, low weight for easy integration into sports equipment and on the Shutter Glasses 3, so that players are not hindered by high weight or bulky components during training, low energy consumption.

[0101] As mentioned previously, an arrangement according to the invention 100 basically comprises at least the following components: a pair of darkening glasses that switch between transparent and opaque when a control signal is present, a control unit that, upon detection of an execution movement by the sensor, creates a control signal for the darkening glasses and transmits it to the darkening glasses so that the darkening glasses switch to opaque, and a sensor for detecting the execution movement.

[0102] Preferably, a smartphone 30 with software in the form of an installed app can communicate with an arrangement 100 according to the invention in order to specify parameters for the arrangement 100 or to select settings and preferences. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0103] As mentioned previously, the sensor can be, for example, an accelerometer 5 or a position sensor, or several sensors can be used simultaneously, which are, for example, located on the handle of a racket in the area of ​​the handle end.

[0104] In an arrangement 100 according to the invention, the sensor(s) can either be subsequently attached to a piece of play equipment such as a racket or, for example, a football boot or an arm cuff, or can already be integrated or arranged in the play equipment, the football boot, etc., beforehand.

[0105] For carrying out a method according to the invention as described above, Fig. 2 As described, the arrangement 100 in the first embodiment comprises a Transmitter unit 10,which is arranged on the tennis racket 4 of the first player 1: The transmitting unit 10 of the arrangement 100 includes an accelerometer 5 for detecting the execution movement, e.g. in the form of ball contact or a definable position in the execution of the stroke or movement.

[0106] Generally, a single sensor is sufficient to detect the execution movement. In the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 5 In addition to an accelerometer 5 for detecting the point of impact T or the impact of a tennis ball on the tennis racket 4, a gyroscope sensor 7 is also provided. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 5 A magnetic field sensor or magnetometer 8 is also provided. However, there may also be several magnetometers 8 or gyroscope sensors 7.

[0107] Since tennis rackets have natural frequencies of up to 200 Hz, in an arrangement 100 according to the invention, the sampling frequency of the accelerometer 5 can advantageously be selected to be at least 400 Hz, so that the signal can accurately reconstruct the vibrations of an impacting tennis ball. Based on this signal, the point of contact or the impact of a tennis ball on the tennis racket 4 is determined. The vibrations reach acceleration values ​​of at least 65 m / s² (see Fig. 6 Therefore, in the exemplary embodiment, an acceleration sensor 5 with at least 8 g is selected.

[0108] In the first embodiment shown, an accelerometer 5 of type LSM9DS1 is used, which has a sample rate of 952 Hz, a measuring range of + / - 16 g, a resolution of 16 bits, and dimensions of 3 x 3.5 mm. However, other suitable accelerometers can also be used. By fusing the various sensor values ​​of the accelerometer 5, gyroscope 7, and magnetometer 8 using a Kalman filter, an "optimized position sensor" is obtained. (see Fig. 6 This allows for the detection of the acceleration a, angular velocities, and magnetic field components in the three spatial directions (see schematic representation of the respective components in [reference]). Fig. 6 ).

[0109] A linear accelerometer 5 can be particularly advantageous in this context, as it measures acceleration a as well as vibrations of objects in the x, y, and z directions. Therefore, this type of sensor is very well suited to high-frequency measurement of vibrations caused by the impact of play objects 6 on, for example, a racket, in order to determine the point of impact T with a very low delay of approximately 1 ms, possibly with the aid of processor post-processing. Furthermore, movements of the racket or an athlete (hand and arm movements in handball, or leg and foot movements in soccer) can also be detected at high frequency to generate a control or trigger signal for closing the shutter glasses 3 under definable conditions.

[0110] The transmitter unit 10 comprises, in the first embodiment, Fig. 5Furthermore, a processing unit 11 processes the measured values ​​determined by the sensors. In the first embodiment, a microcontroller is used for this purpose. The microcontroller of the transmitter unit 10 in Fig. 5 It is characterized by its compact and lightweight design, a fast serial interface for reading sensor data, and processing times of approximately 1 ms at a sample rate of 952 Hz. This also makes it possible to combine the various sensor measurements into an optimized sensor reading using a Kalman filter.

[0111] The measured values ​​from sensors 5, 7, and 8 are read and processed by a processor via inputs to the microcontroller. These measured values ​​are then evaluated to generate a control signal for the shutter glasses 3. The control signal is forwarded by the microcontroller to a transmitter 12 located on the tennis racket 4, which then transmits the control signal wirelessly. Wireless transmission advantageously ensures suitable ranges for a wide variety of sports, such as up to 40 m (indoors and outdoors) in tennis, up to 140 m (outdoors) and 70 m (indoors) in football, up to 20 m (indoors) in table tennis, up to 20 m (indoors) in badminton, and up to 70 m (indoors) in ice hockey. Furthermore, wireless data transmission advantageously ensures that the players' freedom of movement is not restricted or disturbed.

[0112] The transmitting antenna of the transmitting device 12 in Fig. 5 Advantageously, it is designed as a chip antenna, making it particularly compact and capable of operating in the range of several hundred MHz. This ensures a sufficiently high transmission speed, range, and adequate coverage in all directions for transmitting the control signal. In the exemplary embodiment, this is a Johanson Technology chip antenna with dimensions of 10 x 11 mm. Alternatively, isotropic radiators (cable antennas) could also be used, which exhibit an even more uniform radiation pattern in all directions.

[0113] The transmitter unit 10 is in the first embodiment in Fig. 2 or Fig. 5The transmitter unit 10 is located at the end of the handle of the tennis racket 4, the pommel. The accelerations a are lowest on the handle side, and therefore an additional weight has the least effect on the swing behavior of the tennis racket 4. The arrangement of the transmitter unit 10 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0114] In the first embodiment, the arrangement 100 further comprises a Receiver unit 20,which is arranged on the shutter glasses 3 of the second player 2: The control signal generated by the control unit 11 of the transmitter unit 10 is received at the shutter glasses 3 by means of a receiving antenna 22 and forwarded to a further control unit 21. In the first embodiment, this further control unit 21 is also a microcontroller. The microcontroller of the receiving unit 20 forwards the control signal to the control device 23 for controlling the shutter glasses 3, which includes a corresponding amplifier unit.

[0115] The receiving unit 20 is advantageously compact and lightweight.

[0116] The transmitter unit 10 is advantageously, as already mentioned above, compact and lightweight and, in addition to the radio interface for transmitting the control signal, also has a WLAN and Bluetooth interface to ensure data streaming to a computer or to an external Bluetooth or WLAN module.

[0117] The amplifier unit of the control device 23 converts the received control signal into a control signal with a corresponding signal level to control the shutter glasses 3, in order to switch the shutter glasses 3 off. Information, e.g., regarding possible durations of blackout for the shutter glasses 3, as well as other parameters, is stored in the microcontroller of the receiver unit 20 in the first embodiment.

[0118] The lockable lenses of the shutter glasses 3, in the exemplary embodiment, have in Fig. 5The shutter speed from transparency to opacity is less than or equal to 1 ms. The ball contact time in tennis, from when the ball hits the racket until it leaves it, is approximately 5 ms, as mentioned previously. This time span would therefore cover the entire process from the detection of the action until the shutter glasses completely darken. In addition to the 5 ms, a short time interval can be added because the human eye can only perceive dynamic processes at a specific frequency. In the gaming industry, a value of 200 Hz is known for this, which corresponds to a time of 5 ms.

[0119] This means that a well-trained player could potentially already partially predict the ball's trajectory 5 ms after it leaves the racket, or at least recognize a tendency in the ball's direction of flight. A response time of less than 8 ms from the detection of the execution movement (the point of contact) until the shutter glasses darken is guaranteed with a shutter speed of 1 ms or less.

[0120] The ball contact time (see Fig. 13The ball contact time (CFT) in tennis depends on several technical parameters. The stiffness of the racket frame, the string tension and material characteristics of the strings, the racket swing speed, and the ball hardness are the main components that determine the CFT. Therefore, the CFT is not fixed in tennis, but has a range of approximately 4-6 ms. As a maximum limit for the time interval ZR4 between the detection of the execution movement and the point at which the shutter glasses 3 should be completely opaque, 9 ms can be defined for tennis. This is calculated as follows: 4 ms ball contact time ZR2 + 5 ms persistence of vision ZR3. Fig. 13 T1 denotes the time of the first contact of the ball with the racket 4, T2 the time of the maximum deformation of the strings of the tennis racket 4 by the ball and T3 the time of the last contact of the ball with the tennis racket 4.

[0121] Using table tennis as an example, the technical parameters are different again, resulting in a ball contact time of approximately 2 ms and thus a maximum period ZR4 of 7 ms.

[0122] In football, however, the ball is larger, heavier, and softer, resulting in a longer ball contact time. Ball contact time therefore varies depending on the sport, and even within a sport there are slight differences due to varying conditions.

[0123] In all ball sports, the ball contact time should ideally be between 1 and 10 ms. However, the 5 ms of ZR3 can be considered a constant. This short timeframe presents a significant challenge for the technology, as the entire system of device 100 must complete several tasks within this brief period, each requiring a specific duration for technical reasons. It should also be noted that the vibrations generated when the ball hits a tennis racket also take a certain amount of time to reach the sensor's installation location (see ZR1 in...). Fig. 13 ). If the sensor is installed at the end of the handle, i.e. in the racket knob, this time corresponds to approximately 3.75 ms.

[0124] The total duration is essentially composed of the following tasks, from which specific time durations result: Total duration = Time until the vibrations arrive at the sensor's installation location + Detection of ball contact by the sensors 5, 7, 8 + Processing by control unit 11 + Sending the signal by transmitter 12 + Receiving the signal by receiver 22 + Processing the signal by control unit 21 + Output of a signal to close the lenses + Delay until the lens has completely darkened.

[0125] Arrangement 100 describes the setup of sensors 5, 7, 8, control units 11, 21, transmitters and receivers 12, 22, and the control unit for the glasses, which fulfill these requirements. A proprietary interface based on radio technology is used to achieve time-optimized transmission between the transmitter and receiver modules. The radio frequency is within the ISM band. Crucially, for fast and time-optimized transmission, a specific protocol is used to achieve data transfer with the lowest possible delay between the transmitter and receiver units.

[0126] Furthermore, the Shutter Glasses 3 have a high contrast ratio, so that the game object can no longer be seen through the Shutter Glasses 3 when they are switched to opaque mode. The contrast ratio is advantageously > 2,000:1.

[0127] In the first embodiment, the receiver unit 20 is integrated into the frame of the shutter glasses 3, so that the second player 2 being trained does not need to wear any additional components that might be bothersome, and no cable connections are required. Optionally, the receiver unit 20 can also be housed in the temple of the shutter glasses 3.

[0128] Furthermore, the receiving unit can be 20 in Fig. 5 include a fast driver for controlling the lenses of the Shutter Glasses 3 and a power supply for the driver.

[0129] In the first embodiment, it is also possible to select from the parameters or blackout periods stored in the microcontroller of the receiver unit 20 using a Bluetooth- or WLAN-enabled smartphone 30. For this purpose, an app can be installed on the smartphone 30, and the receiver unit 20 can optionally include a corresponding Bluetooth or WLAN receiver module 25.

[0130] In the exemplary embodiment, the transmitter unit 10 of the arrangement 100 therefore comprises at least the following hardware components: an accelerometer 5, a control unit 11, and a transmitter unit 12 with a transmission interface, all of which are arranged on the tennis racket 4 of the first player 1.

[0131] Furthermore, it is possible to select parameters or blackout periods stored in the microcontroller of the transmitter unit 10 using a Bluetooth- or WLAN-enabled smartphone 30. For this purpose, an app can be installed on the smartphone 30, and the transmitter unit 10 can also include a corresponding Bluetooth or WLAN receiver module 25. Depending on the selected program, the parameters are read by the control unit 11, and the control signals for the receiver unit 20, which in this embodiment is in the form of a spectacle module, are generated accordingly.

[0132] The receiving unit 20 comprises at least a receiving antenna 22, a control unit 21 and a control unit 23 for controlling the shutter glasses 3, which are arranged on the shutter glasses 3.

[0133] In the exemplary embodiment, corresponding process steps for evaluating the sensor measurements and generating the control signal for the shutter glasses 3, as well as for sending the generated control signals, are stored on the control unit 11 of the transmitter unit 10, and corresponding process steps for receiving the transmitted control signal and generating a control signal for controlling the shutter glasses 3 are stored on the control unit 21 of the receiver unit 20. Positioning of the transmitting and receiving unit

[0134] To enable mounting on, for example, a racket or inside a soccer shoe, the individual components of an arrangement 100 according to the invention have a small, specific design. So that the transmitter unit 10 can be mounted on any racket without the player feeling restricted, the transmitter unit 10 of an arrangement 100 according to the invention advantageously has very small dimensions. However, the design can vary depending on the sport and also on different brands or racket types.

[0135] The positioning of the transmitter unit 10 on the racket can be chosen depending on the sport: For a tennis racket, a suitable location is, for example, at the end of the handle, also called the knob. The knob usually has an oval shape, so the transmitter unit should also ideally have an oval shape. For a tennis racket, the maximum length of the transmitter unit is advantageously 25 mm with a width of 20 mm. Since the knob, or rather the handle of the tennis racket, is hollow inside, the transmitter unit can advantageously be installed inside the knob. Here, a maximum depth of 20 mm for the transmitter unit 10 can be advantageously chosen. For table tennis and badminton, the maximum dimensions would, of course, be correspondingly smaller.

[0136] In football, the transmitter unit 10 would be located in the ball or in a football boot. The design of the transmitter unit can advantageously be very flat, so that the player is not hindered when the transmitter unit 10 is integrated into the football boot.

[0137] Since even the smallest additional weights in the gram range can alter the balance of a racket for the player, these can subsequently also affect the execution of the stroke. Therefore, the weight of the transmitter unit 10 in an arrangement 100 according to the invention is advantageously kept low, at a maximum of 5 g, so that the playing characteristics of the racket are not altered. The receiver unit 20 of an arrangement 100 according to the invention also advantageously has a particularly low weight, so that the receiver unit 20, together with the shutter glasses 3, is not perceived as bothersome by the player being trained.

[0138] To enable an arrangement 100 according to the invention to be used continuously for at least 12 hours without intermediate recharging, low energy consumption is desirable. For example, an energy source in the form of a battery or rechargeable battery can be provided in the transmitter unit 10 and / or the receiver unit 20. This energy source can be kept small and therefore lightweight, since higher energy consumption is associated with a larger and therefore heavier power supply unit 13, 24. The energy consumption of an arrangement 100 can be further reduced if the sensor unit of the transmitter unit has threshold detection. In this case, the control unit 11 of the transmitter unit 10 can be woken from a sleep state when a detected measured value from one of the sensors 5, 7, 8 exceeds a predetermined threshold and otherwise remains in power-saving mode.This reduces energy consumption and allows for further reductions in the size and weight of the energy supply.

[0139] Further advantageous embodiments of an arrangement 100 according to the invention are described below: Meeting point detection

[0140] The detection of the point of impact T, which, as mentioned previously, triggers strong vibrations throughout the entire racket, can be determined particularly effectively not directly based on the acceleration value a measured by the accelerometer 5, but rather by differentiating the acceleration values ​​a. During the striking phase before the point of impact T, the value of the differential or derivative of the acceleration a is relatively small. At the moment of impact T, the differential of the acceleration a per unit of time increases considerably due to the vibrations in the racket (see dashed line in Figure 1). Fig. 8Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to define this differential value of the acceleration a (denoted as diff. a in Fig. 8 ) to select as meeting point detection (see Fig. 8 ), since this calculated value represents a clear indicator of a ball impact or the impact of a playing object 6 on a racket.

[0141] Fig. 9 This shows that the value of the differential at the point of impact T increases significantly from almost 0 to over 4000 in one millisecond. Therefore, the derivative of the acceleration a represents a trigger that is easy and reliable to detect. Furthermore, the achievable, exceptionally short delay time of max. 1 ms is also a significant advantage.

[0142] To avoid false detections caused by possible brief vibrations of the racket not originating from a stroke, the point of impact detection can be optimized by detecting the point of impact T only after a defined number of measurements exceeding a predefined threshold to. The number of required measurements exceeding the threshold to can optionally be adjusted, for example, via parameterization, i.e., by selecting appropriate parameters, using a smartphone (see [reference]). Fig. 9). Fig 9 shows an embodiment in which the control signal for switching the darkening glasses to an opaque state is only transmitted when a predetermined number of, for example, six points are reached in the calculation of the differential of the acceleration values ​​a (dashed line in Fig. 9 ) were subsequently detected that exceed a predefined or parameterizable threshold (e.g., threshold 2000). Adjusting the blackout period

[0143] In order to optimize the training effect for the second player 2 depending on the speeds at which the game object 6 is played, it may be advantageous to automatically adjust the duration of the blackout period of the blackout goggles.

[0144] For this function, for example, the speed of the game object 6, e.g. a tennis ball, at the meeting point T is calculated by the control unit 11 of the transmitter unit 10 and immediately afterwards sent as a value in addition to the control signal to the receiver unit 20.

[0145] The control unit 21 of the receiver unit 20 can then select the blackout time depending on the chosen parameter settings. To calculate the ball speed v at the point of impact T, either the racket head speed, e.g., of the sweet spot of the racket at the point of impact T, is calculated, or the force generated on the racket upon impact is determined, which is derived from the peak value of the vibration at the point of impact T (see Fig. 7 ) can be derived.

[0146] While the peak vibration value depends on many racket parameters, such as the speed of the racket head and ball, the racket's mass and design, the point of impact (sweet spot or near the frame), etc., it provides sufficient information for reliable parameterization. Adjustment / calibration can be performed using, for example, two points: Slow stroke, e.g. 50 km / h; fast stroke, e.g. 100 km / h

[0147] The resulting peak vibration values ​​can then be assigned accordingly. An additional speed measurement, for example using a radar device, is recommended for adjustment / calibration to accurately measure the ball speed.

[0148] However, a more accurate result can be achieved using the calculated racket head speed parameter. Here, too, the different parameters of a racket can be taken into account to potentially achieve even more precise adjustment / calibration. All important racket parameters and formulas required for an accurate calculation of ball speed (v) as a function of racket head speed can be found, for example, in the textbook "The Physics and Technology of Tennis" by Howard Brody, Rod Cross, and Crawford Lindsey (ISBN: 978-0972275903).

[0149] The selection of a distance-dependent darkening period is also possible with a method or arrangement 100 according to the invention. For example, immediately after the meeting point T of the first player 1, the distance between the first player 1 and the second player 2 is determined in order to vary the shutter time depending on the determined distance.

[0150] This ensures that, regardless of how fast the balls are hit, the blackout goggles always open after a predefined or configurable distance traveled by the ball or playing object 6 after the point of contact T. A distance parameter of 50% would mean that the blackout goggles would switch back to transparent at half the distance between the first player 1 and the second player 2.

[0151] The following is an example for tennis: Parameters: Distance: 50%, distance between first player 1 and second player 2 = 24m: The blackout glasses become opaque after the ball has traveled a distance of 12m.

[0152] How the distance is determined: When the first player 1 hits the ball at time T during the execution movement, a signal is immediately sent to the receiving unit 20 of the second player 2 via radio at a speed corresponding to the speed of light, i.e. approximately 300,000 km / s (see Fig. 2 ).

[0153] Furthermore, when the ball hits the tennis racket 4, a typical noise is produced in the form of an acoustic signal G (see Fig. 2 ), which propagates at the speed of sound, i.e. approximately 343 m / s, and is received by receiver unit 20 with the aid of a microphone with a corresponding evaluation unit 26 (see Fig. 5) can be measured. Both signals (radio signal SF and acoustic signal G) propagate from the first player 1 towards the second player 2 at the same time, but at different speeds. If the receiver 20 of the second player 2 now reads these signals without delay upon arrival and determines the time difference, the distance between players 1 and 2 can be calculated using this information. The calculation can be performed by the control unit 21 of the receiver 20.

[0154] For example, if control unit 21 receives an acoustic signal G 0.1 s later than the radio signal SF, the acoustic signal G travels a distance of 343 m in the air in 1 s. The radio signal SF travels a distance of 300,000 km in this time. The radio signal SF can be assumed to travel at infinite speed and serves as the starting point for control unit 21 to determine when the acoustic signal G is generated by the first player 1. A timer starts at this point. As soon as the acoustic signal G arrives, this time is stored and used for the distance calculation. However, the timer continues to run to serve as an input for calculating the timing of the transparency circuit based on the formula below.

[0155] Distance calculation: Time taken = 0.1s Distance = 1s / (343 m * Δt) --> 1s / (343 m * 0.1) = 34.3m

[0156] If a ball is hit at a speed of 100 km / h and the switch to intransparency is to occur at 50%, i.e., in the middle between the two players 1 and 2, the further calculation looks like this: Calculated ball speed = 100 km / h / 3.6 = 27.77 m / s Halfway distance = 34.3 m / 2 = 17.15 m Darkening period = (1 s / 27.77 m) * 17.15 m = 0.618 s = 618 ms

[0157] As soon as the timer reaches the value of 618 ms, the blackout glasses will switch back to transparent.

[0158] The ball's speed decreases due to air resistance, which could of course be taken into account for a more accurate calculation. However, this was not considered in the formula above.

[0159] Distance determination can also be carried out via external systems, i.e., distance measuring devices, using technologies such as GPS, radar, lidar, etc. The measured value can then be sent online at least at 10 Hz to the receiving unit 20 of the second player 2 and serve as the basis for calculating the blackout period, i.e., the period during which the blackout goggles are opaque, for the control unit 21. For this purpose, the respective measuring device can be equipped with an additional transmitting unit 10. The value measured by the measuring device can be transmitted via an available interface to the control unit 11, e.g., a microcontroller, which sends the value without delay via a transmitter 12 to be received by the receiving unit 20.

[0160] A further improvement in this regard can be achieved by linking the distance and speed functions. Quickly struck balls from a short distance would require the shortest darkening time, while slowly struck balls from a long distance would require the longest darkening time. This would ensure that, depending on the distance and speed of the struck ball or game object, a darkening time adapted to the game situation is always automatically selected, which greatly increases the effectiveness of training anticipation skills.

[0161] When the blackout glasses are in this mode, the same parameters are available as described for speed-dependent and distance-dependent shutter speeds. Parameter P3=2 for distance would mean that the blackout time is reduced by a factor of 2 at half the distance compared to the parameterized duration defined by parameters P1 and P2. For example, in tennis, the distance between the baselines is used as a basis, which is approximately 24 meters. The current value, which is distance-dependent and derived from the characteristic curve defined by P1 and P2, would therefore always be applied directly at a distance of 24 meters (both players at the baseline), but would be continuously reduced at shorter distances and increased at greater distances.

[0162] Here are some examples: Parameters (P1 and P2): 100 km / h = 10 m (P1), 50 km / h = 20 m (P2), distance = 2 (P3) The distance between the first player 1 and the second player 2 is 24 m, the ball is hit at 100 km / h.

[0163] The blackout glasses become transparent again after the ball has traveled a distance of 10 meters.

[0164] Parameters (P1 and P2): 100 km / h = 10 m (P1), 50 km / h = 20 m (P2), Distance = 2 (P3) The distance between the first player 1 and the second player 2 is 12 m, the ball is hit at 100 km / h.

[0165] The blackout glasses become transparent again after the ball has traveled a distance of 5 meters.

[0166] Parameters (P1 and P2): 100 km / h = 10 m (P1), 50 km / h = 20 m (P2), distance = 4 (P3) The distance between the first player 1 and the second player 2 is 12 m, the ball is hit at 100 km / h.

[0167] The blackout glasses become transparent again after the ball has traveled a distance of 2.5 m.

[0168] This function can also be used for multiple players, for example in doubles or team sports, if each pair of blackout goggles includes this function. For each player, a distance- and / or speed-dependent blackout time would be selected, depending on the distance to the player currently hitting the ball, ensuring it is optimal for that individual player. Streaming of data

[0169] Because the measured values ​​or sensor data of the sensor(s) of the transmitting unit 10 are processed by a control unit 11, e.g. a microcontroller, it is advantageously possible not only to create and transmit a control signal for shutter glasses 3, but also optionally to forward the sensor data to a processing unit such as a PC in near real time. Device parameterization

[0170] The transmitting antenna of the transmitting device 12 of the transmitting unit 10 and the receiving antenna 22 of the receiving unit 20 can optionally be designed as bidirectional antennas, so that, for example, entered parameters etc. from, for example, a smartphone 30 can be transmitted to the transmitting unit 10. In addition, various programs or different modes (see Table 1) for detecting the execution movement can be selected by input on a smartphone 30 and transmitted accordingly to the transmitting unit 10 and / or receiving unit 20, where the selected options are executed accordingly by the control unit 11 or the further control unit 21. Table 1: Possible programs or modes for detecting the execution movement and opaque switching of the blackout glasses program Description Program 1 Upon receiving the control signal, both lenses of the shutter glasses 3 close simultaneously for a definable period. The timing of the control signal can be selected. A point of contact T and, if desired, a delay time can be added. Program 2 Distance-dependent or speed-dependent selection of the blackout period. Program 3 Upon receiving the signal, the left lens of the shutter glasses (3) closes and the right lens opens. Upon the next signal reception, the right lens closes and the left lens opens, and so on. Program 4 The lenses open and close at a definable frequency, creating a stroboscopic effect. The opening and closing times can be defined. Program 5 Only the left lens of the glasses is open. Program 6 Only the right lens of the glasses is open. Program 7 The trainer closes the lenses using a push button. As long as the trainer holds the button down, the shutter glasses remain opaque or closed. Program 8 The trainer closes the Shutter Glasses 3 via a push button. Shutter time according to the app. Program 9 Streaming Mode: Data from the accelerometer and orientation sensor is streamed to the notebook. The data can then be analyzed using software. Program 10 Reaction Mode: Shutter glasses 3 close during the wind-up movement and open at point T.

[0171] By means of a method or arrangement 100 according to the invention, it is advantageously possible for an athlete undergoing training to improve their anticipation skills within a very short time. To avoid overwhelming less experienced players, various options can be selected, as mentioned previously, for how the execution movement is detected or when the shutter glasses 3 are closed. For example, in tennis, the closure can occur shortly after the point of contact T for beginners and at the point of contact T for more experienced athletes. This scalability allows the athlete to continuously improve over time by advancing the closing time.

[0172] Regular training with an arrangement 100 according to the invention can significantly improve the playing level of a player or an entire team, since the trajectory of the playing objects 6 can be predicted more accurately and the playing objects can therefore be reached earlier. This also leaves more time for the execution of the stroke, and the stroke can be executed more cleanly and with the correct timing, resulting in fewer playing errors.

[0173] With the help of the invention it is therefore possible to train the anticipation of the trajectory of game objects 6 effectively, simply, scalably and in the respective sport, wherein an arrangement 100 according to the invention is suitable for every player level and player age.

[0174] The following will be further Examples of implementation a training method or arrangement 100 according to the invention is explained, in which a Virtual reality glassesWhen used as blackout goggles: During training with shutter goggles 3, the second player 2 being trained sees nothing briefly while moving towards the game object 6, because the shutter goggles 3 are completely opaque across the entire lens area. In this context, however, it may be desirable for the second player 2 to be able to see everything except the game object 6.

[0175] With virtual reality glasses, which allow a blend of a physical and a virtual environment, it is possible to make only a portion of the glasses' display opaque or replace it with a virtual image. The goal in this context can therefore be, on the one hand, for the second player (player 2) to see their surroundings through the virtual reality glasses, with only a small portion of their field of view—defined by the area of ​​the game object (player 6) and / or an additional area around the game object (player 6), depicting its possible trajectories—being made opaque or supplemented with a virtual image.

[0176] Instead of virtual reality glasses as described above, it is also possible to use head-mounted displays (HMDs) with see-through video. In the context of this invention, a head-mounted display is therefore also understood to be a virtual reality headset. With this technology, it is not possible to see through the display; instead, an image is captured by one or more image capture units, such as cameras, mounted on the head-mounted display and projected onto the display in 3D.

[0177] The control unit 21 is paired with the virtual reality headset controller and can hide or gray out the game object 6 at any time using a command. This is shown schematically in Fig. 11 depicted. In Fig. 11Incident light L strikes an optical sensor S. The sensor measurement data from the optical sensor S is transmitted to the control unit 21, which uses the sensor measurement data to create an image for the virtual reality glasses and controls the display D of the virtual reality glasses accordingly to display the image. This image is, schematically indicated, represented as light L incident on the eye A of the second player 2.

[0178] This technology has the advantage that virtual objects can be very easily displayed on screen D, which in this application can replace the game object 6. Upon receiving the control signal, either the entire screen D or, as described previously, only a defined area can be dimmed or made opaque.

[0179] Both variants can advantageously be performed without delay, i.e., almost in real time (e.g., with at least 100Hz), and virtual and real objects can be related to each other in three dimensions.

[0180] All previously described embodiments of a training method and an arrangement 100 according to the invention are advantageously applicable unchanged when using virtual reality glasses. Upon receiving a corresponding control signal, the virtual reality glasses are switched to an opaque state such that the game object 6 is not visible to the second player 2 being trained, but is replaced, for example, by a virtual image or a darkened area. Since the second player 2 can still perceive their surroundings, this prevents them from being disturbed by a complete, momentary lack of transparency and allows them to move more safely because they can still perceive the players in their peripheral vision. This can be particularly advantageous in football, where physical contact occurs, to avoid unintentional collisions with opposing players.

[0181] The following describes the function using an exemplary embodiment in which the second player 2 sees their surroundings through the virtual reality headset and, instead of the game object 6, a superimposition of the game object 6 occurs, or it is virtually replaced: In this embodiment, a receiver unit 20 is mounted or integrated on the virtual reality headset. The control unit 21 is connected to the virtual reality headset via an available high-frequency interface, e.g., at least 200 Hz to 1 kHz, in order to control the display of the virtual reality headset accordingly and enable such a superimposition of the game object 6. The control unit 21 of the virtual reality headset is programmed accordingly.Of course, it is also possible for the control unit 21 to communicate with a corresponding separate control unit that controls the display of the virtual reality glasses, and to cause this separate control unit to make the display of the virtual reality glasses opaque.

[0182] In an arrangement 100 according to the invention, it is also possible to retrofit an existing virtual reality headset: In this case, a receiver unit 20 can be mounted or integrated into the virtual reality headset. A control unit already integrated into the virtual reality headset can then function as a control unit for the virtual reality headset and, upon receiving a control signal, darken or make the virtual reality headset opaque for a defined area, or project a virtual image onto the display or switch to see-through mode. The control unit 21 of the receiver unit 20 can communicate with the existing control unit of the virtual reality headset via a high-frequency interface with, for example, at least 200 Hz to 1 kHz, in order to control the display of the virtual reality headset accordingly and to enable such a superimposition of the game object 6.Another option is to completely integrate the receiver unit 20 into an existing control unit of the virtual reality glasses.

[0183] A transmitter unit 10, as previously described in connection with the shutter glasses 3, can be used unchanged and installed as usual, e.g. on a tennis racket 4.

[0184] The sequence of a training method according to the invention can also remain unchanged: While the first player 1 is performing the stroke, the second player 2 sees the entire environment and thus the stroke of the first player 1 as well as the game object 6 in real time. As soon as a movement that propels the game object 6 into its trajectory is detected by one or more sensors, e.g., from the moment the first player 1 hits the game object 6, the game object 6 is hidden for a predetermined time, and a virtual or grayed-out image is displayed for the second player 2 instead.

[0185] Several variations are conceivable for replacing the game object 6 with an image: When athletes focus their eyes on a ball, their head, and consequently the virtual reality headset they are wearing, is always oriented towards the game object 6 being observed. This, in turn, means that the light rays passing from the game object 6 through the virtual reality headset and into the human eye always penetrate the virtual reality headset in approximately the same area of ​​the lens. This has the advantage that the area that becomes opaque upon receiving the control signal can be precisely defined. The size, as well as the shape (e.g., circle, oval, or rectangle, see below), can be precisely determined. Fig. 12a ), this area can be defined by parameterization, as can the horizontal and vertical position of the area on the spectacle lens (see Fig. 12c ).

[0186] A second possibility is that this area is very small upon receiving the control signal, in order to only approximately obscure the game object 6 itself, and then continuously enlarges until the virtual reality headset becomes completely transparent again, thus concealing any possible trajectories of the game object 6 from the player. Two types of parameterization are conceivable for this: either an initial and an final size of the area can be defined, or an initial size and a magnification factor per unit of time or per obscuration phase (see Fig. 12b ).

[0187] With distance detection mode, the size of the area can be adjusted automatically. The closer the game object 6 is, the larger the area can be selected, as the game object 6 also appears larger.

[0188] To ensure particularly effectively that the second player 2 cannot trace the trajectory of the game object 6, the image area of ​​possible trajectories can optionally be extrapolated in addition to the area of ​​the game object 6 and replaced by a virtual image or filled with a lower resolution, as is done in Fig. 10 schematically represented: For the second player 2, an image area X is displayed (see Fig. 10 ), which shows its physical surroundings in the direction of view. In addition to area Y, which represents the game object 6, an optionally definable area Z around the game object 6, which represents the image area of ​​possible flight paths of the game object 6, can be calculated and also replaced by a virtual image.

[0189] The following will be another Example of implementationA training method or arrangement 100 according to the invention is explained, in which the detection of the execution movement is carried out with at least one sensor arranged in a game object 6: For training anticipation skills, the sensor or the entire transmitter unit 10 can be installed directly in a game object 6, for example a ball, instead of in the racket as previously described. When the ball hits the racket (e.g. in tennis) or a foot (e.g. in soccer) of the first player 1, this is detected by the sensor and the transmitter unit 10 sends a control signal. This control signal is received by the receiver unit 20 of the second player 2 and their blackout goggles are darkened for a certain period of time. The second player 2 can now try to anticipate the trajectory of the ball. Such a method or arrangement 100 is described in the invention.Such an arrangement 100 is also suitable for team sports, as the control signal can be received simultaneously by several players or their receiving units 20.

[0190] The point of contact, or the moment of impact when the ball hits a racket or foot, is characterized by the resulting vibrations and / or the change in direction of the ball and can thus be detected, for example, by an accelerometer and / or a gyroscope sensor and / or a magnetometer located in the ball, so that a corresponding control signal can be generated.

[0191] Thus, it is possible for the second player's (player 2) blackout goggles to darken upon detection of a point of contact, i.e., the ball hitting the racket, or even a player's foot or hand. This is because the impact of the ball on the racket or foot generates vibrations that can be detected by an accelerometer. Therefore, reliable detection of the movement in the form of a point of contact is possible with just an accelerometer, which records the vibrations as acceleration values, from which the point of contact can be derived. The distinction between whether the ball hits a racket or, for example, the ground, can be calculated from the sensor data using an evaluation algorithm.

[0192] A sensor system comprising an accelerometer, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetometer or a transmitter unit 10 in combination with evaluation algorithms also offers the possibility to calculate certain parameters of the ball's trajectory, such as acceleration, spin and speed.

[0193] If the transmitting unit 10 is installed in a ball, the above-mentioned calculated data can also be made available online (i.e. continuously) and with a parameterizable frequency to the receiving unit 20, but also to other external devices with a suitable interface for data analysis.

[0194] Preferably, the sensor(s) and / or the entire transmitter unit 10 are robust and very small, weighing less than 5 g, and contain their own power supply, making it possible to install the sensor directly inside the ball. The charging points of the battery built into the ball are accessible from the outside for charging, or charging can also be carried out externally via an inductive, contactless solution.

[0195] The sensor or the entire transmitter unit 10 can be arranged on the inner surface of the ball, or protected and centrally located inside the ball and supported by elastic elements against the inner surface. Alternatively, the sensor(s) and / or the entire transmitter unit 10 can also be at least partially located on the ball itself, e.g., on the outside.

Claims

1. Method for training the anticipation of the trajectory of a play object (6), in particular a ball, for at least two players, - wherein a first player (1) uses an execution movement to move, in particular hit, the play object (6) to a second player (2) to be trained, - wherein the second player (2) wears blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles (3) or virtual reality goggles, which are configured to switch to a transparent or non-transparent state, in particular when a control signal is present, - wherein an execution movement by the first player (1), which is used to move the play object (6) onto its trajectory, is detected, - wherein a sensor is provided for arrangement on or in an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, or a device for arrangement on the body of a player, in particular a football boot or a cuff, or for arrangement in or on a play object (6), in particular a ball, - wherein the sensor is configured to detect contact with the play object (6) during an execution movement, - wherein on the basis of this detection the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state for a particular period of time during the course of the execution movement on the basis of a control signal generated by a controller (11), wherein the controller (11) is configured to generate a control signal for the blackout goggles on detection of contact with the play object (6) by the sensor, - so that at least part of the execution movement is visible to the second player (2) before contact with the play object (6) and - so that after the last contact with the play object (6) as part of the execution movement this play object (6) is not visible to the second player (2) for a predetermined period of time, characterized in that - the contact with the play object (6) is detected during the execution movement and in that the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state based on the detected contact with the play object (6), and - the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state a maximum of 100 ms after the detected contact with the play object (6).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that - the first player (1) and the second player (2) each wear blackout goggles, - execution movements are detected for the first player (1) and the second player (2) respectively, and - when an execution movement is detected the blackout goggles of the first player (1) and the blackout goggles of the second player (2) are each switched alternately to a non-transparent state.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - two teams, each with several players, are provided, and all of the players of the first team and all of the players of the second team each wear blackout goggles, - execution movements are detected for all players respectively, and - upon detection of an execution movement - the blackout goggles of the players of the first team and the blackout goggles of the players of the second team are switched to a non-transparent state alternately, or - the blackout goggles of all of the players except the blackout goggles of the player performing the execution movement are switched to a non-transparent state.

4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - only one side of the blackout goggles is switched to a non-transparent state and / or - the right and left sides of the goggles are alternately switched to a non-transparent state and / or - the right and / or left side of the goggles is switched to a transparent state and then back to a non-transparent state at a predetermined frequency, in particular in the form of flashing, and / or - the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state immediately after, preferably 4 to 9 ms after, particularly preferably 5 ms after, the detected contact with the play object (6).

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the speed of the play object (6) after it has been set on its trajectory, in particular the speed of the play object (6) after contact with an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, is determined, and in that the duration of the time period in which the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state, in particular automatically, is selected as a function of the determined speed of the play object (6), and / or - the distance between the first player (1) and the second player (2) is determined and the duration of the time period in which the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state, in particular automatically, is selected as a function of the determined distance, and / or - the duration of the time period in which the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state is 50 ms to 3 s, in particular 50 ms to 1 s, preferably 50 ms to 300 ms, and / or - upon detection of the execution movement, the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state for a certain period of time in such a way that the play object (6) is replaced by a virtual image for the second player (2) after the last contact with the play object (6) as part of the execution movement.

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blackout goggles are switched back to a transparent state at the latest when an execution movement of the second player (2) is detected, wherein it is provided in particular that the blackout goggles are switched to a transparent state, - after the second player (2) has hit the play object (6), preferably after the play object (6) has been hit by an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, of the second player (2), and / or - when the item of hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, of the second player crosses a reversal point (U) in the course of the execution movement.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the execution movement and / or contact with the play object (6) is detected by means of an acceleration sensor (5), and / or - the execution movement and / or contact with the play object (6) is detected by means of a position sensor, in particular a gyroscope sensor (7) and / or a magnetic field sensor, wherein it may be provided in particular that the measured values of the acceleration sensor (5), the gyroscope sensor (7) and the magnetic field sensor are used jointly for detecting the execution movement and / or the contact with the play object (6).

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the execution movement is performed with an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket, preferably a tennis racket (4) or badminton racket or table tennis bat, or a stick, preferably a hockey stick, and in that the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state, - when the measured acceleration (a) of the head of the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, exceeds a predetermined acceleration threshold value (B), in particular of 120 m / s2, and / or - when the head speed of the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, in particular the calculated head speed, exceeds a predetermined speed threshold value, in particular 20 m / s, and / or - when the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, reaches a predetermined position over the course of the execution movement, in particular when the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, exceeds a reversal point (U) and / or - when the vibrations occurring in the course of the execution movement when the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, comes into contact with the play object (6) exceed a predetermined threshold value and / or - when the derivation after the time of the acceleration (a) of the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, measured at the point of contact (T) between the hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, and the play object (6) exceeds a predetermined threshold value (t0), in particular 2000.

9. Arrangement (100) for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or for training the anticipation of the trajectory of a play object (6), in particular a ball, comprising - at least one sensor - for arrangement on or in an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, or a device for arrangement on the body of a player, in particular a football boot or a cuff, or - for arrangement in or on a play object (6), in particular a ball, or at least - one item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket, preferably a tennis racket (4) or a badminton racket or a table tennis bat, or a bat, preferably an ice hockey stick, with a sensor arranged thereon or therein, or - a device for arrangement on a player's body, in particular a football boot or a cuff, with a sensor arranged thereon or therein, and / or at least one play object (6), in particular a ball, with a sensor arranged therein or thereon, wherein the sensor is configured to detect contact with the play object (6) during an execution movement, in particular with the hitting equipment, preferably the racket or the bat, particularly preferably by which the play object (6) is moved onto its trajectory, - at least one pair of blackout goggles, in particular shutter goggles (3) or virtual reality goggles, which are configured to switch to a transparent and non-transparent state when a control signal is present, and - at least one controller (11) which is configured, in particular according to a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, to generate a control signal for the blackout goggles upon detection of contact with the play object (6) by the sensor in order to switch the blackout goggles to a non-transparent state a maximum of 100 ms after the detected contact with the play object (6).

10. Arrangement (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that - the arrangement (100) comprises blackout goggles in the form of virtual reality goggles, which are configured to switch to a transparent or non-transparent state when a control signal is present, and - the at least one controller (11), or, if applicable, a further controller (21), is configured to switch the blackout goggles to a non-transparent state when a corresponding control signal is present, such that the play object (6) is replaced by a virtual image after the last contact with the play object (6) in the course of the execution movement, in particular after the last contact of the play object (6) with an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, or a device for arrangement on a player's body or a part of a player's body.

11. Arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the sensor is configured as an acceleration sensor (5), wherein it is provided in particular that the acceleration sensor (5) is arranged on the handle of the item of hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, preferably in the region of the handle end of item of hitting equipment.

12. Arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the sensor is configured as a position sensor, in particular as a magnetic field sensor and / or gyroscope sensor (7), or in that a further sensor configured as a position sensor is arranged on the item of hitting equipment, in particular on the racket or bat, wherein it is provided in particular that the position sensor or the further sensor is arranged on the handle of the item of hitting equipment, in particular the racket or bat, preferably in the region of the handle end of the item of hitting equipment.

13. Arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in the sensor, the controller (11) and a transmitting device (12) are comprised in a transmitting unit (10), - wherein the transmitting unit (10) is configured for arrangement on an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket, preferably a tennis racket, a badminton racket or a table tennis bat, or a stick, preferably an ice hockey stick, or on a device for arrangement on the body of a player, in particular a football boot or a cuff, or in or on a play object (6), in particular a ball, and - wherein the transmitting device (12) is configured to transmit the control signals generated by the controller (11), in particular by radio.

14. Arrangement (100) according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized by a receiving unit (20), wherein the receiving unit (20) is configured for arrangement on the blackout goggles, in particular on the shutter goggles (3) or virtual reality goggles, comprising - a receiving device (22) which is configured to receive control signals transmitted to the blackout goggles, and - a further controller (21) which is configured to control the blackout goggles, switching them to a transparent or non-transparent state, based on the control signals received by the receiving device (22).

15. Arrangement (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that the further controller (21) is configured - to specify the duration of the time period in which the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state, as a function of the speed of the play object (6) after it has been set onto its trajectory, in particular the speed of the play object (6) after the contact with an item of hitting equipment, in particular a racket or bat, and / or - to specify the duration of the time period in which the blackout goggles are switched to a non-transparent state, as a function of the distance between the first player (1) and the second player (2).