Apparatus and method for monitoring pier head deflection in constructing and dismantling bridges

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for monitoring the pier head deflection (9) of a bridge pier (208) and / or the positional deviation (39) of a bridge superstructure (206), in particular in the construction and / or dismantling of bridges (202) using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a launching gantry.The invention further relates to a device (1) for monitoring the pier head deflection (9) of a bridge pier (208) and / or the positional deviation (39) of a bridge superstructure (206), comprising a plumb laser (7) configured to emit a vertical laser beam (11); a laser plumb disk (13) preferably having a measuring grid (33); a plumb disk fixing (15) configured to fix the laser plumb disk (13) horizontally projecting from a pier head (218) of the bridge pier (208) onto the pier head (218) and above the plumb laser (7), so that the laser beam (11) of the plumb laser (7) can be projected onto the laser plumb disk (13); and a camera unit (19) for capturing images and / or videos of the laser beam (11) striking the laser plumb disk (13).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for monitoring the pier head deflection of a bridge pier and / or the positional deviation of a bridge superstructure, in particular during the construction and / or dismantling of bridges using the incremental launching method and / or by means of launching scaffolding.

[0002] When building bridges, particularly bridges that cross wide valleys or rivers and / or are only accessible from below due to their great height to a limited extent or not at all, the so-called incremental launching method has established itself as the preferred construction method. In this method, a so-called bridge superstructure is prefabricated in sections along the bridge's longitudinal axis behind an abutment, which forms one of the bridge's two longitudinal ends, at the so-called pre-assembly site and then pushed onto previously constructed bridge piers in the bridge's longitudinal direction. This pushing process is also known as launching. The incremental pre-assembly and longitudinal launching is repeated until the entire length of the bridge superstructure has been constructed and the first incremental segment of the bridge superstructure has reached the other abutment.

[0003] A so-called pre-forming nose is often attached in front of the foremost segment of the bridge superstructure in the direction of insertion (the longitudinal direction of the future bridge). The pre-forming nose is usually a tapered steel structure. It reduces the overhang or free length of the bridge superstructure, which is usually made of reinforced concrete, during the insertion process. This allows the pre-forming nose to be supported on a bridge pier while the bridge superstructure has only been inserted over part of the span.

[0004] Other methods for the construction and / or demolition of bridges involve the use of launching scaffolds, which are also pushed onto bridge piers. The use of a launching scaffold enables the dismantling of large bridges span by span in sensitive areas where falling parts must be prevented.

[0005] When structural units such as a bridge superstructure, a cantilever beam or a launching scaffold are pushed onto or inserted into a pier head of a bridge pier and / or when a structural unit is pushed off a bridge pier, large forces act on the bridge pier. Particularly in the construction of new bridges, the pier head is usually free, i.e. forms a free end of the bridge pier. The forces exerted on the pier head when it is pushed on are diverted over the entire length of the pier and a pier base opposite the pier head. As a result of these forces, particularly in high bridges with correspondingly long bridge piers, considerable spatial deflections of the pier head (i.e. pier head deflections) from its original position can occur. Any pier head deflections remaining after the construction process are undesirable, as they can impair the load-bearing capacity of the bridge.During the construction process, pier head deflection makes positioning the bridge superstructure more difficult. Furthermore, pier head deflection is a measure of the forces acting on the bridge pier, with excessive forces potentially damaging the bridge pier. In addition, excessive pier head deflection can cause the position of a finished bridge to deviate from a predetermined target position. For example, an offset can occur between the bridge superstructure and the abutment. Knowledge of the pier head deflections both during and after a structural unit is being pushed onto or into the pier heads of a bridge pier is therefore desirable. Furthermore, the position of the bridge superstructure can deviate from a target position determined during bridge planning even without pier head deflection. This is the case, for example, if prefabricated cycle segments are pushed onto the bridge piers in the incorrect alignment.

[0006] CN 109837836 A discloses a method in which the relative alignment of the bridge superstructure and the pier head is monitored using infrared sensors. However, this method does not allow for clear conclusions about the absolute pier head deflection or the absolute position of the bridge superstructure.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for monitoring the pier head deflection of a bridge pier and / or the positional deviation of a bridge superstructure, which are particularly precise, cost-effective, easy to implement and / or reliable.

[0008] In a first aspect, the invention solves the aforementioned problem with a method for monitoring the pier head deflection of a bridge pier and / or the positional deviation of a bridge superstructure, in particular during the construction and / or dismantling of bridges using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a launching rig, the method comprising the steps of: preferably determining a fixed point; preferably fixing the fixed point in a fixed spatial relationship to a pier base of the bridge pier; arranging a plumb laser at the fixed point; vertically projecting a projection point of the fixed point in the direction of a pier head of the bridge pier using a laser beam of the plumb laser; fixing a laser plumb disc in a fixed spatial relationship to a pier head of the bridge pier using the projection point;Detecting the position of at least one control characteristic in relation to the laser plumbing disk during and / or after sliding a component onto the pier head and / or during and / or after sliding a component off the pier head. The method can therefore be used only during sliding, only during sliding off, or both during sliding off and sliding on.

[0009] The control characteristic is a characteristic suitable for monitoring the pier head deflection and / or the positional deviation of the bridge superstructure. For this purpose, the position of the control characteristic is recorded in relation to the laser plumb line. For example, and preferably, the projection point of the fixed point can be a control characteristic. A specific feature of the bridge superstructure, such as a measuring point or an edge of the bridge superstructure, can also be such a control characteristic. The control characteristic is preferably optically detectable. The position of the control characteristic is recorded in relation to the laser plumb line. For example, the position of the projection point on the laser plumb line and / or an alignment of a longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure to the laser plumb line or a marking thereon (in particular a grid line) can be recorded.In principle, the laser plumbing disk can be fixed before or simultaneously with determining the fixed point, fixing the fixed point, and positioning the plumb laser, but is preferably performed during projection. Projection is also preferably performed over a period of time.

[0010] The method according to the invention allows particularly simple and reliable monitoring of the pier head deflection and / or the positional deviation of a bridge superstructure. For example, and preferably, the fixed point is a survey point that is particularly well suited for monitoring the position of the pier head or a bridge superstructure. By fixing the fixed point in a fixed spatial relationship to a pier base of the bridge pier, this is always known. The method can be repeated at intervals. Preferably, the fixed point is fixed on a subsoil at a predefined distance from the pier base. Particularly preferably, the fixed point is marked and fixed on a fixing plate arranged adjacent to the pier base. The fixing plate can preferably be a concrete slab that is protected against movement relative to the pier base by its own weight and / or by additional fixing means. Such fixing means can be, for example, ground anchors.The fixed point is preferably located outside a vertical projection of the pier head onto the subsoil. In variants, the fixed point can be fixed to a frame attached to the foundation of the pier base. The fixed point is preferably located in the ground area or a contact area of ​​the pier base. It should be understood that even a fixed fixed point can be altered in its spatial position relative to the pier base by the action of large forces. However, during normal construction operations, the spatial relationship of the fixed point to the pier base remains constant.

[0011] The plumb laser is designed to emit a vertical or perpendicular laser beam. The laser beam of the plumb laser arranged at or above the fixed point enables a vertical or perpendicular projection of the fixed point upwards, i.e., from the pier base to the pier head. The laser beam projects the laser beam perpendicularly towards the pier head. By providing the fixed point and the plumb laser at the pier base, the process is considerably simplified, as the pier base, unlike the pier head, is usually easily accessible. The plumb laser projects the fixed point with high accuracy onto the pier head or close to it, so that high precision can be achieved despite simplifying the process. The laser plumb disc is a target for the laser beam or a projection surface for the laser beam. The laser plumb disc serves as a screen for the laser beam emitted by the plumb laser. The fixed point is projected as a projection point onto the laser plumb disc.The laser plumbing disk is fixed in a fixed spatial relationship to the pier head of the bridge pier. The laser plumbing disk is fixed using the projection point, so that the laser plumbing disk can be positioned vertically above the fixed point before being pushed on or off. If the pier head deflects, the laser plumbing disk moves with the pier head, while the fixed point maintains its position. Without deflection of the pier head, the projection point of the fixed point lies on a target point of the laser plumbing disk, which is preferably a center of the laser plumbing disk.

[0012] In a first preferred embodiment, the projection point of the fixed point is a control characteristic and the laser plumb disc is fixed to the pier head during fixing in such a way that the control point lies on a target point of the laser plumb disc.

[0013] Preferably, detecting a position of at least one control characteristic comprises detecting a position of the projection point of the fixed point on the laser plumbing disk, wherein the method further comprises: determining a positional deviation between the target point and the position of the projection point during and / or after sliding the assembly onto the pier head and / or during; and determining a pier head deflection of the pier head from the positional deviation. It should be understood that in addition to the position of the projection point, other control characteristics can also be detected.

[0014] If the pier head is deflected, the laser plumbing disk shifts while the position of the projection point of the fixed point does not change significantly. Depending on the direction of the pier head deflection, the position of the projection point above the laser plumbing disk moves (or the laser plumbing disk shifts relative to the projection point). The projection point therefore moves out of the target point or away from the target point on the laser plumbing disk. If the position of the projection point of the fixed point on the laser plumbing disk is recorded during and / or after a component is pushed onto / off the pier head, a positional deviation between the target point, which is fixed on the laser plumbing disk, and the projection point can be determined. The pier head deflection can then be determined from this positional deviation. The positional deviation can, for example, be the pier head deflection.Alternatively or additionally, the pier head design can also be determined to a good approximation using simple trigonometric functions, for example, if the length of the bridge pier or its height between the pier head and the pier base is known.

[0015] Preferably, the pier head is free when the laser plumbing disk is secured. A free pier head is a free end of the bridge pier that is not in contact with a structural unit, in particular a bridge superstructure, a launching scaffold, and / or a pre-construction nose.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the step of determining a target position point of a bridge superstructure encompassed by the structural unit, wherein the fixed point is a vertical projection of the target position point in the direction of the pier base. The target position point marks the target position of the bridge superstructure relative to the subsoil, as specified in the bridge design. The fixed point, determined as a vertical projection of the target position point in the direction of the pier base or onto the subsoil, can thus be advantageously used to determine position deviations of the bridge superstructure. In simplified terms, the fixed point lies exactly vertically below the target position point of the bridge superstructure. The bridge superstructure can also form the structural unit.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the target position point lies on a longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure (marks the target position of this longitudinal edge). The longitudinal edge is particularly prominent and can be easily recognized even from a greater distance. The bridge superstructure preferably has a hollow box profile. The target position point of the bridge superstructure then preferably lies on a longitudinal edge between an outer web and a base slab of the hollow box profile. Hollow box profiles are particularly suitable for bridge construction using the incremental launching method. The longitudinal edge runs essentially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the finished bridge between its abutments. Furthermore, the position of the longitudinal edge between the outer web and the base slab of the hollow box profile is important for the stability of the bridge. However, the method is also suitable for bridge superstructures without hollow boxes.

[0018] The laser plumb line preferably has a guideline, the laser plumb line being fastened to the pier head in such a way that the guideline is substantially congruent with a desired position of a longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure. The longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure is preferably a control characteristic, and detecting a position of at least one control characteristic preferably comprises detecting the position of the longitudinal edge in relation to the laser plumb line. The guideline is preferably a grid line, in particular a grid line running through the center of a grid of the laser plumb line. The laser plumb line is preferably fixed to the pier head before the structural unit, in particular the bridge superstructure, is pushed onto the bridge pier or before the structural unit is pushed off the bridge pier. The alignment is preferably selected such that the guideline corresponds exactly to the desired position orThe laser plumb line can thus be used to monitor the relative alignment between the pier head and the bridge superstructure. The laser plumb line is preferably at least partially transparent. The method preferably further comprises: determining a longitudinal alignment error between the bridge superstructure and pier head if the longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure deviates from the guideline after the bridge superstructure has been pushed onto the pier head and / or after the bridge superstructure has been pushed off. The deviation can be a parallel displacement and / or an angular deviation. In the case of a parallel displacement, the guideline and the longitudinal edge run parallel and are spaced from one another. In the case of a purely angular deviation, the guideline and the longitudinal edge intersect in the center of the grid.If the grid guideline deviates from the guideline after the bridge superstructure has been pushed into place, the position of the pier head and / or the bridge superstructure will not correspond to the target position specified in the bridge design. Although this is preferred, the laser plumb line does not have to be transparent. The laser plumb line, which has been precisely positioned with the help of the plumb line laser, can thus be used to easily determine a longitudinal alignment error or monitor a positional deviation of the bridge superstructure. The plumb line laser and its projection point can then, if necessary, only be used to position the laser plumb line at the pier head. However, an advantage of the method according to the invention is that both a pier head deflection and a positional deviation of the bridge superstructure can be monitored.

[0019] Preferably, the recording of the position of at least one control characteristic, the determination of the positional deviation, the determination of the pier head deflection and / or the determination of a longitudinal alignment error are carried out continuously. For example, a temporal progression of the pier head deflection can also be recorded, whereby loads on the bridge pier can be determined particularly precisely. Furthermore, it is possible to react as quickly as possible to an incipient or unplanned pier head deflection or a longitudinal alignment error of the bridge superstructure. The position of the projection point can be determined during and / or after the pushing and / or pushing away of a structural unit, in particular a bridge superstructure, a cantilever nose and / or a launching scaffold. For example, the positional deviation and / or the pier head deflection can be determined during the pushing and also afterward.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: reducing a feed rate of a feed unit if the determined pier head deflection violates a deflection limit value. Alternatively or additionally, the method further comprises: reducing a feed rate of a feed unit if the determined longitudinal alignment error violates an alignment error limit value. Reducing the feed rate can also be a reduction to zero or a switching off of the feed rate. In variants, the feed rate can also be reversed, so that the assembly is then moved in the opposite direction. In response to the determination of an undesirable pier head deflection and / or an undesirable longitudinal alignment error, the feed rate of the assembly can be slowed down, interrupted, or reversed in the method according to the invention.Preferably, the feed rate is reduced automatically if the deflection limit and / or the alignment error limit are violated. Preferably, the feed rate is reduced if the pier head deflection exceeds a deflection limit in one or more geometric directions. Violation of a limit can, in particular, be either exceeding a limit or reaching the limit. Preferably, the alignment error limit and / or the deflection limit is represented by a marking on the laser plumb line. Particularly preferably, the laser plumb line comprises a target range and a violation range. Thus, the deflection limit can be violated if the projection point of the fixed point is outside the target range and / or the longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure is outside the target range.The method may preferably also comprise stopping the feed unit if the determined longitudinal alignment error violates an alignment error limit and / or if the determined pier head deflection violates a deflection limit.

[0021] In a preferred development, the method further comprises the step of detecting the advance variable, in particular a advance pressure, of the advance unit, wherein the determination of the advance variable preferably takes place simultaneously with the detection of the position of at least one control characteristic. The advance unit is provided to push the structural unit onto the pier head and / or push it off the pier head. In bridge construction using the incremental launching method, the advance unit displaces the already manufactured incremental segments and the possibly present nose in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. The advance unit is therefore provided, among other things, to push the structural unit which is foremost in the longitudinal direction onto the pier head. The advance unit is preferably a hydraulic advance unit. A variable characterizing the advance is a advance pressure, which is provided, for example, to hydraulic cylinders provided for displacing the bridge superstructure.The feed pressure corresponds to a feed force, which in turn corresponds to the head forces applied to the pier head. Furthermore, the feed variable can be, include, or correspond to a feed rate. Knowledge of the feed variable allows, on the one hand, a more precise determination of the load acting on the pier head and, on the other hand, corrective interventions on the feed unit. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of assigning the determined pier head deflection and / or positional deviation to the preferably simultaneously recorded feed variable.

[0022] The laser plummet disc preferably has a grid. A grid allows the positional deviation to be determined particularly easily. The accuracy of the method is increased. For example, the positional deviation can still be determined with high accuracy even in poor visibility conditions and / or at a great distance from the laser plummet disc. The grid is preferably a square grid. The grid preferably has a grid spacing of 1 cm x 1 cm, 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm, 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm, 2 cm x 2 cm, 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm, 3 cm x 3 cm, 4 cm x 4 cm or 5 cm x 5 cm. The target point preferably forms a midpoint and / or center of the grid.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the position of the at least one control characteristic is detected by at least one camera, wherein the camera is preferably a wireless camera. A wireless camera allows for particularly simple transmission of images or video recordings (or corresponding image or video data). The arrangement of plumb laser, laser plumb disc, and camera allows for cost-effective and robust detection of the position of the control characteristic. Furthermore, a high level of accuracy can be achieved, particularly when using a grid of the laser plumb disc. Using a wireless camera facilitates the transmission of images or videos. Furthermore, the use of cameras allows the pier head deflections of several bridge piers to be monitored simultaneously with little effort.

[0024] The method preferably further comprises: providing the detected position of the control characteristic, the determined positional deviation, the determined pier head deflection, and / or the determined longitudinal alignment error for remote access, in particular providing them on a server. It should be understood that providing the detected position of the projection point of the fixed point on the laser plumb line, the position of the longitudinal edge of the bridge superstructure in relation to the laser plumb line, the determined positional deviation, the determined pier head deflection, and / or the determined longitudinal alignment error can, in particular, be providing corresponding data. For example, and preferably, providing the detected position of the projection point of the fixed point on the laser plumb line is done by providing images and / or videos or image data and / or video data.For example, the wireless camera can capture the position of the projection point of the fixed point on the laser plummet, and the corresponding image data can then be transmitted directly or via a central processing unit to a server. The server is preferably a web server. Providing the data on a web server enables access to the captured position of the projection point, the position deviation, and / or the laser plummet via an internet connection.

[0025] Preferably, the at least one detected feed variable is also made available for remote access. For example, both the feed variable and the pier head deflection can be monitored from a control center. If the pier head deflection exceeds a limit and / or a longitudinal alignment error is detected, the feed variable can be reduced by appropriately controlling the feed unit to counteract the pier head deflection and / or the longitudinal alignment error. The control center can be connected to the server. For example, the control center can be located in an office building remote from the bridge construction site, and monitoring and / or control can be carried out via the Internet.

[0026] The method is preferably performed for multiple bridge piers. Therefore, multiple fixed points, plumb lasers, etc. can be provided. The pier head deflection and / or the positional deviation of the bridge superstructure is then monitored separately for each bridge pier using a laser plumb disc and a plumb laser fixed to a corresponding fixed point. The method can be performed for multiple bridge piers simultaneously and / or sequentially.

[0027] In a second aspect, the invention achieves the object mentioned at the outset with a device for monitoring the pier head deflection of a bridge pier and / or the positional deviation of a bridge superstructure, in particular during the construction and / or dismantling of bridges using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a feed rig, the device comprising: a plumb laser designed to be arranged adjacent to and in a fixed spatial relationship to a pier base of the bridge pier and to emit a vertical laser beam; a laser plumb disc, which preferably has a measuring grid; a plumb disc fixation designed to fix the laser plumb disc, protruding horizontally from a pier head of the bridge pier, to the pier head and above the plumb laser, so that the laser beam of the plumb laser can be projected onto the laser plumb disc;and a camera unit for capturing images and / or videos of the laser beam impinging on the laser plumbing disk. The camera unit can be designed, in particular, to capture image data and / or video data. The camera unit can thus be or comprise a digital camera. Particularly preferably, the device is designed for continuously monitoring the pier head deflection. The device can be designed, in particular, for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0028] In a first preferred embodiment, the device has a central unit designed to display, record, and / or evaluate an image and / or video from the camera unit. The central unit can, for example, comprise a control computer of the device and / or a server. The central unit is preferably designed to determine a pier head deflection and / or a positional deviation between a target point of the laser plumbing disk and a projection point of the laser beam of the plumbing laser from the images and / or videos captured by the camera unit. For example, the central unit can be designed to determine a position of the projection point and the target point from image data from the camera unit and to determine the positional deviation therefrom.Furthermore, the central unit can be configured to determine load variables of the bridge pier using specified values, which in particular include geometric dimensions of the bridge pier, and the positional deviation. Alternatively or additionally, the central unit can be configured to determine a longitudinal alignment error of the bridge superstructure and pier head using a detected position of a longitudinal edge of a bridge superstructure in relation to the laser plumb line.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the camera unit comprises at least one wireless camera, wherein the central unit comprises a wireless receiving unit configured to communicate with the wireless camera. A wireless camera and a wireless receiving unit significantly simplify the setup of the device on a construction site. For example, no cables need to be laid from a camera unit arranged at a pier head to a central unit arranged at a control center. Furthermore, the deflections of several pier heads of different bridge piers can be monitored simultaneously and particularly easily. The device therefore preferably comprises several camera units, laser plumbing disks, and plumbing disk fixations. However, it may also be sufficient to provide just one central unit to monitor several pier head deflections.Instead of a wireless camera, at least one wired camera can preferably be provided, which is equipped with a transmitting unit for wirelessly transmitting camera data (image or video data). The wireless receiving unit can, for example, be a receiving unit connected to a control computer. The wireless camera and the wireless receiving unit are preferably configured for communication via Bluetooth and / or one of the mobile radio standards GPRS, EDGE (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G), or 5G.

[0030] The device preferably further comprises a feed detection unit designed to detect feed information representing at least one feed variable of a feed unit. The feed detection unit is or comprises preferably a pressure detection unit designed to detect pressure information representing a feed pressure of a feed unit. The pressure information can, for example, be measured values ​​or measurement signals from a pressure sensor. The feed detection unit is or comprises preferably a camera. The pressure information is then preferably image or video data showing a pressure display of the feed unit. For example, a camera can be provided that detects a video image of a pressure gauge of the feed unit and then transmits this video image to the central unit for further processing.The central unit is preferably designed to assign a time stamp to the feed information and / or the images and / or videos of the laser beam impinging on the laser plumbing disk. The central unit can preferably also assign a time stamp to a determined positional deviation and / or a pier head deflection. Assigning a time stamp facilitates subsequent evaluation of the data and / or enables an association of feed information and images. The central unit is preferably designed to control, particularly preferably for remote control, the feed unit and / or a structural unit of the feed unit. The central unit can be designed to control the feed pressure of at least one hydraulic cylinder, particularly preferably all hydraulic cylinders, of the feed system.Preferably, the central unit is configured to determine whether a detected longitudinal alignment error violates an alignment error limit and / or whether a detected pier head deflection violates a deflection limit. Particularly preferably, the central unit is configured to stop the feed unit if the longitudinal alignment error violates the alignment error limit and / or if the pier head deflection violates the deflection limit.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the central unit is designed to allow remote access and / or provide data on a web server. In particular, the central unit is internet-capable. The central unit can also be a server, in particular a web server, or comprise such a server. Images and / or videos recorded or analyzed by the central unit can thus be accessed even from a great distance. This enables rapid evaluation by experts and allows for short-term corrections to the bridge construction process.

[0032] The device preferably further comprises a laser fixation device. The laser fixation device is provided for stationary fixing of the laser. The laser fixation device preferably comprises a fixing screw for fixing the plumb laser. The plumb laser can have a corresponding fixing thread that is screwed onto the fixing screw. The fixing screw preferably has an alignment hole, which particularly preferably extends through the fixing screw along a longitudinal axis of the fixing screw. The alignment hole is provided for centering the laser fixation device over a target point. This allows the target point to be determined and marked at the start of construction using conventional surveying instruments. The alignment hole is particularly preferably a through hole. In this case, the alignment hole allows a clear view of the target point, so that the fixing screw can be positioned exactly centrally over the previously determined target point.However, the alignment hole can also be a blind hole designed to accommodate a target point marker. For example, the target point marker can be a pin onto which the alignment hole is placed.

[0033] In a third aspect, the invention solves the problem mentioned above with a feed system for the construction and / or demolition of bridges, in particular using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a feed scaffold, the feed system comprising a feed unit for displacing a structural unit and a device according to the second aspect of the invention. The structural unit is or preferably comprises a bridge superstructure, a launching nose and / or a feed scaffold. The device is preferably designed to switch off the feed unit and / or to stop a feed of the feed unit. For example, the central unit can be provided for controlling the feed unit. However, it can also be provided that the device according to the second aspect of the invention has a feed control system different from the central unit.Preferably, the device is configured to switch off the feed unit and / or stop a feed of the feed unit in response to detecting a pier head deflection that violates a deflection limit, in response to detecting a positional deviation that violates a positional deviation limit, and / or in response to detecting a longitudinal alignment error that violates an alignment error limit.

[0034] It should be understood that the method according to the first aspect of the invention, the device according to the second aspect of the invention, and the feed system according to the third aspect of the invention may have the same and similar sub-aspects, as particularly set forth in the dependent claims for the method according to the first aspect of the invention. Therefore, for the device and the feed system, reference is made in full to the above statements regarding the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0035] Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawings. These are not necessarily intended to represent the embodiments to scale; rather, the drawings are schematic and / or slightly distorted where this is useful for explanation. With regard to additions to the teachings immediately apparent from the drawings, reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be noted that numerous modifications and changes to the form and detail of an embodiment can be made without deviating from the general idea of ​​the invention. The features of the invention disclosed in the description, in the drawings and in the claims can be essential for the further development of the invention, both individually and in any combination.Furthermore, all combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the description, the drawings and / or the claims fall within the scope of the invention. The general idea of ​​the invention is not limited to the exact form or detail of the preferred embodiments shown and described below, or limited to an object that would be more limited than the object claimed in the claims. For specified dimensioning ranges, values ​​within the stated limits are also intended to be disclosed as limit values ​​and to be used and claimed as desired. For the sake of simplicity, the same reference numerals are used below for identical or similar parts or parts with identical or similar functions.

[0036] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments and from the drawings, which show: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a bridge construction using the incremental launching method, wherein a nose cone has not yet been pushed onto a bridge pier of the bridge and wherein a device for monitoring a pier head deflection of a pier head of the bridge pier is provided, Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a grid of a laser plumbing disc with a projection point of a laser beam projected onto the grid before pushing the nose cone onto the pier head, wherein the projection point is congruent with a target point; Fig. 3 is a Fig. 1 analogous schematic representation, where the nose cone is pushed onto the pier head and the pier head of the bridge pier is deflected; Fig. 4 a Fig. 3 Analogous schematic representation of the grid after the projection nose has been pushed onto the pier head, wherein the projection point is shifted by a positional deviation relative to the target point; Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of a bridge superstructure with a hollow box profile, wherein the bridge superstructure is arranged in a target position on the pier head of a bridge pier; Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a grid of a laser plumbing disk; and Fig. 7 shows a block diagram illustrating the sequence of a method for monitoring the pier head deflection of a bridge pier.

[0037] Fig. 1 schematically shows a bridge construction site 200 on which a bridge 202 is being constructed using the incremental launching method on a subsoil 204. The bridge 202 comprises a bridge superstructure 206, a bridge pier 208, and a first abutment 210. Behind the abutment 210, a production facility 212 is provided in which incremental segments 214 of the bridge superstructure 206 are manufactured. After completion of an incremental segment 214, the already constructed bridge superstructure 206 or its incremental segments 214 are moved in the advance direction R1, which here corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the finished bridge 202, and a further incremental segment 214 is formed onto the already constructed bridge superstructure 206. In order to reduce the freely projecting length of the bridge superstructure 206, a projection 216 is attached in advance of a first incremental segment 214.1 in the advance direction R1.

[0038] During the shifting process, the bridge superstructure 206 is pushed onto a pier head 218 of the already completed bridge pier 208, which is also referred to as pushing in. In this process, the nose 216 first comes into contact with the pier head 218 or is first pushed onto the pier head 218. Fig. 1 the projection 216 is still horizontally spaced from the pier head 218. The bridge pier 208 extends straight upwards from a pier base 220, which is connected to a foundation 222 arranged in the subsoil 204. In Fig. 1 In the illustrated construction section, the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208 is arranged vertically above the pier base 220.

[0039] A fixed point 3 is arranged next to the pier base 220 on the subsoil 204 and fixed there by means of a concrete slab 5. The fixed point 3 can, for example, be a pin screwed into the concrete slab 5. The dead weight of the concrete slab 5 prevents the fixed point 3 from shifting. The fixed point 3 is therefore fixed in its spatial relation to the pier base 200. Preferably, the fixed point 3 can also be fixed to the foundation 222 of the bridge pier 208.

[0040] A plumb laser 7 of a device 1 for monitoring a pier head deflection 9 of the pier head 218 is arranged on the fixed point 3. The plumb laser 7 emits a laser beam 11 vertically upwards. There, the laser beam 11 strikes a laser plumb disc 13, which is arranged in a fixed spatial relationship to the pier head 218. The laser plumb disc 13 is fixed to the pier head 218 by means of a plumb disc fixation 15, which here is designed as a rail system 25. The laser beam 11 of the plumb laser 7 thus projects the fixed point 3 onto the laser plumb disc 13. A projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 is visible on the laser plumb disc 13.

[0041] The device 1 for monitoring the pier head deflection 9 further comprises a camera unit 19, which here has a first wireless camera 21. The camera 21 is fixed to the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208 such that it can capture videos of the laser beam 11 impinging on the laser plumbing disk 13 or of the projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 on the laser plumbing disk 13. The wireless camera 21 is a digital camera that wirelessly transmits the captured video data to a central unit 23 of the device 1. Here, the central unit 23 is a network-capable, in particular internet-capable, control computer 27. The control computer 27 stores the video data transmitted by the wireless camera 21. Furthermore, the control computer 27 allows remote access to the stored video data via the internet. In the illustrated embodiment, the control computer 27 also serves as a network server.

[0042] In Fig. 1 the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208 is free and not in contact with the projection 216 forming a structural unit 224. The bridge pier 208 is not deformed and the pier head 218 lies vertically above the pier base 220. In Fig. 1 there is still no pier head deflection 9 or this has a value of 0. The laser plumbing disk 13 is fixed to the free pier head 218 in such a way that the projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 lies on a target point 29 of the laser plumbing disk 13. In this embodiment, the target point 29 is a center 31 of a grid 33 of the laser plumbing disk 13 (cf. Fig. 2 ). Grid 33 here is a square grid with a grid spacing 35 of 1 cm x 1 cm.

[0043] The wireless camera 21 sends the Fig. 2 illustrated image of the grid 33 and the projection point 17 to the central unit 23. This determines for the Fig. 2 shown image, in which the projection point 17 lies on the target point 29 or is congruent with it, that there is no pier head deflection 9.

[0044] In the next step of bridge construction, the bridge superstructure 206 is now pushed in the advance direction R1. For this purpose, a thrust unit 226 is provided on the first abutment 210. The thrust unit 226 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 228 coupled to the bridge superstructure 206 to move it in the advance direction R1. For this purpose, the hydraulic cylinder 228 of the thrust unit 226 is subjected to thrust pressure pV. The thrust pressure pV forms a thrust variable 37 of the thrust unit 226. The device 1 and the thrust unit 226 are part of a thrust system 150.

[0045] Fig. 3 shows a Fig. 1 analogous view of the bridge construction site 200, with the nose cone 216 now pushed onto the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208. The pier head 218 is in Fig. 3 no longer free, but is in contact with the structural unit 224, which here is formed by the nose cone 216. In other embodiments, however, the first cycle segment 214.1 can also be arranged at the front and form the structural unit 224. When the nose cone 216 is pushed onto the pier head 218, the nose cone 216 rubs against the pier head 218 and thus transfers a part of a thrust force applied by the thrust unit 226 to the bridge superstructure 206 to the pier head 218. The resulting head force F is in Fig. 3 indicated by an arrow.

[0046] The bridge pier 208 is supported on the subsoil 204 only at the pier base 220 opposite the pier head 218 and acts, in simplified form, as a bending beam. The head force F applied by the structural unit 224 to the pier head 218 causes a bending of the bridge pier 208, which results in a pier head deflection 9 of the pier head 218. Fig. 3 the pier head 218 is shifted to the left by the pier head deflection 9. The pier head deflection 9 is in Fig. 3 illustrated. The laser plumbing disk 13, which is fixed in a fixed spatial relationship to the pier head 218, is also displaced horizontally by the pier head deflection 9 when the bridge pier is deformed.

[0047] However, the position of fixed point 3 and the plumb laser 7 arranged thereon does not change when the bridge superstructure 206 is inserted or when the nose cone 216 is pushed onto the pier head 218. Therefore, the absolute position of projection point 17 also remains unchanged. However, since the laser plumb disc 13 is essentially displaced horizontally, the projection point 17 moves on the laser plumb disc 13. The projection point 17 thus moves out of the center 31 of the grid 33 and is no longer congruent with the target point 29.

[0048] Fig. 4 shows this positional deviation 39 between the target point 29 located in the center 31 of the grid 33 and the projection point 17 after the assembly unit 224 has been pushed on. In the illustrated embodiment, pushing the projection nose 216 onto the pier head 218 results in a positional deviation 39 of 3 cm in the feed direction R1. The projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 is therefore a control characteristic 18 that is suitable for monitoring the pier head deflection 9. The position of this control characteristic 18 is recorded by the camera 21 in relation to the laser plumbing disk 13.

[0049] The wireless camera 21 sends to the Fig. 4 illustrated image to the central unit 23. The central unit 23 evaluates this image data and determines the pier head deflection 9 from the positional deviation 39. However, it can also be provided that the central unit 23 displays the image data on a screen and a user determines the positional deviation 39 and / or the pier head deflection 9 from the displayed images. Here, the central unit 23 is designed to provide a warning signal if the pier head deflection 9 and / or the positional deviation 39 exceeds an associated limit value. For example, the central unit 23 can emit a warning tone if the positional deviation 39 assumes a value of 4 cm or greater. The warning signal can also be a stop signal, for example, which the central unit 23 provides for the feed unit 226. An automatic shutdown function can thus be implemented by means of the device 1.

[0050] In the Figuren 1 bis 4 In the illustrated example, the pier head 318 of the bridge pier 308 is deflected in the advance direction R1. The bridge superstructure 306 is moved essentially uniformly in the advance direction R1. However, advance units 226 generally have a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 228 that act on sections of the bridge superstructure 206 offset transversely to the advance direction R1. When the bridge superstructure 206 is inserted, longitudinal alignment errors can thus also occur. For example, the bridge superstructure 206 can become the advance direction R1 if different advance pressures pV are provided to the hydraulic cylinders 228. The device 1 is also designed to determine such longitudinal alignment errors 41. It should be understood that the determination of longitudinal alignment errors 41 can be carried out independently of determining a pier head deflection 9.

[0051] Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of a bridge superstructure 206 that is pushed onto the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208 in a target position 240. In the target position 240, the bridge superstructure 206 is positioned exactly centrally on the pier head 218 in the transverse direction R2. The transverse direction R2 is perpendicular to the feed direction R1. Therefore, in the target position 240, there is no longitudinal alignment error 41 of the bridge superstructure 206.

[0052] In Fig. 5 In the cross-section illustrated, the bridge superstructure 206 has a hollow box profile 230. The hollow box profile 230 of the bridge superstructure 206 comprises a base plate 232, two outer webs 234 and a cover plate 236. The outer webs 234 connect the base plate 232 to the cover plate 236. At a transition between the base plate 232 and the outer web 234, the hollow box profile 230 has a longitudinal edge 238. The position of this longitudinal edge 238 is particularly suitable for determining the position of the bridge superstructure 206. The longitudinal edge 238 is therefore a control characteristic 18 for monitoring a positional deviation 39 of the bridge superstructure 206. Preferably, when the fixed point 3 is determined, a desired position 43 of the longitudinal edge 238 of the bridge superstructure 206 is determined. This target position 43 corresponds to the planned position of the longitudinal edge 238 after completion of the bridge 202. The target position 43 is therefore preferably already determined during the planning of the bridge 202.The fixed point 3 is preferably a projection of a point of the longitudinal edge 238 located in the target position 43 onto the subsoil 204. The fixed point 3 is therefore preferably determined or defined exactly below the target position 43 of the longitudinal edge 238.

[0053] Fig. 6 shows a second preferred embodiment of the grid 33 of the laser plummet disk 13. The grid 33 according to the second embodiment is essentially identical to the grid 33 according to the first in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 shown embodiment. Here, however, the grid 33 additionally has a guideline 45. Preferably, the guideline 45 runs through the center 31 of the grid 33. The laser plumbing disk 13 is preferably attached to the free pier head 318 such that the guideline 45 is exactly congruent with the target position 43 determined during the planning of the bridge 202. Here, the laser plumbing disk 13 is at least partially transparent, so that the position of the longitudinal edge 238 can be seen through the laser plumbing disk 13.

[0054] If the bridge superstructure 206 is pushed onto the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208 as planned, then the longitudinal edge 238 of the hollow box 230 should lie exactly on guideline 45. If the bridge superstructure 206 is not pushed in according to the planning in the advance direction R1, a longitudinal alignment error 41 occurs. The bridge superstructure 206 and thus also its longitudinal edge 238 are then tilted, for example, to the planned advance direction R1. As a result, the longitudinal edge 238 is not congruent with guideline 45 after the bridge superstructure 206 has been pushed in. This case is Fig. 6 illustrated. The longitudinal edge 238 forms an angle with guideline 45 and is also displaced transversely to guideline 45. The angular deviation and the simultaneous parallel displacement of the longitudinal edge 238 from guideline 45 indicate a longitudinal alignment error 41 of the bridge superstructure relative to the pier head 218.

[0055] The camera unit 19 captures a Fig. 6 corresponding image and sends corresponding image data to the central unit 23. There, the images from the central unit 23 or on a screen of the central unit 23 can be displayed. An operator can thus recognize whether a longitudinal alignment error 41 is present. However, it can also be provided that the central unit 23 automatically evaluates the images or the image data and determines a longitudinal alignment error 41 if the position of the longitudinal edge 238 deviates from the guideline 45 by more than a predetermined limit value.

[0056] The device 1 thus enables, for example, an operator of the advance unit 226 to determine a longitudinal alignment error 41 of the bridge superstructure 206 that occurs during the insertion of the bridge superstructure 206 and then to reduce the advance pressure pV provided to the hydraulic cylinders 228 of the advance unit 226 to zero in order to stop the advance of the bridge superstructure 206. It can also be provided that the central unit 23 is designed to control the advance unit 226. In particular, the central unit 23 can be designed to automatically control the advance unit 226. Thus, the central unit 23 can then automatically determine a longitudinal alignment error 41 and / or a pier head deflection 9, for example, using the image data from the camera unit 19.If the longitudinal alignment error 41 and / or the pier head deflection 9 exceed a corresponding predefined limit value, the advance unit 226 can reduce the advance pressures pV of the advance unit 226 to stop the advance of the bridge superstructure 206.

[0057] The feed unit 226 further comprises a feed size display 240, which is shown in the Fig. 1 and 3In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is a pressure gauge 242. The pressure gauge 242 indicates the feed pressure pV provided at the hydraulic cylinder 228, which here forms a feed variable 37 of the feed unit 226. The device 1 further comprises a feed detection unit 49. The feed detection unit 49 here has a second camera unit 47, which also comprises a wireless camera 21. The wireless camera 21 of the second camera unit 47 is also a digital camera, which sends image data corresponding to the captured image to the central unit 23. Thus, not only an image of the projection point 17 on the laser plumbing disk 13, but also an image of the pressure gauge 242 can be displayed on a screen of the central unit 23. The device 1 thus allows a simultaneous determination of the feed size 37 and the positional deviation and / or the longitudinal alignment error 41 and / or the pier head deflection 9. The central unit 23 is further designed to the images orto assign a time stamp to each of the image data of the wireless cameras 21 of the first camera unit 21 and the second camera unit 47, or to record a time stamp contained in the image data. This enables a subsequent assignment of the feed size 37 to the recorded position deviation 39.

[0058] In other embodiments, the feed unit 226 may also include a pressure sensor that provides pressure signals corresponding to the feed pressure pV. The pressure signals and / or measured values ​​derived therefrom can then be transmitted wired or wirelessly to the central unit 23.

[0059] Fig. 7 shows a block diagram illustrating the sequence of a method 100 for monitoring the pier head deflection 9 of a bridge pier 208. The method 100 is explained below with reference to the device 1 and the bridge 202. In a first step 102 of the method 100, the fixed point 3 or its position is determined. As explained above, the fixed point 3 can be determined as a projection of a point on the longitudinal edge 238 of the bridge superstructure 206 in its desired position 43 onto the subsoil 204. In a subsequent second step 104, the fixed point 3 is fixed to the subsoil 204 in a fixed spatial relationship to the pier base 220. Subsequently, in a third step 106, the plumb laser 7 is arranged on the fixed point 3, and the fixed point is projected vertically upwards using the laser beam 11 of the plumb laser 7 (fourth step 108).In a fifth step 110, which here takes place after the fourth step 108, but can in principle also be carried out before steps 102 to 108, the laser plumbing disk 13 is fixed in a fixed spatial relationship to the pier head 218 of the bridge pier 208. Performing the fifth step 110 following the fourth step 108 facilitates the fixing of the laser plumbing disk 13 in a position in which the projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 lies on the target point 29 of the laser plumbing disk 13. The fixing 110 of the laser plumbing disk 13 can then take place using the projection point 17. This significantly facilitates the fixing 110. Steps 102 to 110 can also be referred to as preparatory steps, which preferably take place before the insertion of a structural unit 224.

[0060] Following steps 102 to 110, the feed nose 216 can be pushed onto the pier head 218. In the present exemplary embodiment of the method 110, in a sixth step 112 of the method 100, a position of the projection point 17 on the laser plumbing disk 13 is detected while the feed nose 216 is being pushed on. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this is a detection 112 of a position of at least one control characteristic 18 in relation to the laser plumbing disk 13. From the detected position of the projection point 17 on the laser plumbing disk 13, a positional deviation 39 between the target point 29 and the projection point 17 of the fixed point 3 can be determined in a subsequent seventh step 114.

[0061] Following the seventh step 114, in an eighth step 116, a pier head deflection 9 of the pier head 318 is determined from the determined positional deviation 39. It should be understood that the positional deviation 39 can also directly constitute the pier head deflection 9. In the eighth step 116, therefore, only the positional deviation 39 can be determined as the pier head deflection 9 or equated with it.

[0062] In the present embodiment of method 100, in parallel with detecting the position of projection point 17 on laser plumbing disk 13 (sixth step 112), a feed variable 37 of feed unit 226 is detected in a ninth step 118. Here, feed variable 37 is the feed pressure pV at hydraulic cylinder 228, which is detected by second camera unit 47.

[0063] In the present exemplary embodiment of the method 100, in the sixth step 112, the position of the longitudinal edge 238 of the bridge superstructure 206 in relation to the laser plumbing disk 13 is recorded as a further control characteristic 18 simultaneously with the position of the projection point 17 on the laser plumbing disk 13. From the position of the longitudinal edge 238 in relation to the laser plumbing disk, a longitudinal alignment error 41 of the bridge superstructure 206 is determined in a tenth step 120 of the method 100.

[0064] In an eleventh step 122 of the method 100, a comparison of the determined pier head deflection 9 with a deflection limit value G1 is performed. Furthermore, in the eleventh step, a comparison of the determined longitudinal alignment error 41 with an alignment error limit value G2 is performed. If the pier head deflection 9 exceeds the deflection limit value G1 and / or if the longitudinal alignment error 41 exceeds the alignment error limit value G2, the advance magnitude 37 is reduced in a twelfth step 124 of the method 100 (step: reduce 124) in order to stop the advance of the bridge superstructure 206. Here, for example, the advance pressure pV can be reduced to zero in order to stop the advance. Bezugszeichenliste:

[0065] 1Device for monitoring a pier head deflection 3Fixed point 5Concrete slab 7Plumb laser 9Plumb head deflection 11Laser beam 13Laser plumb disc 15Plumb disc fixation 17Projection point of the fixed point on the laser plumb disc 18Control characteristic 19Camera unit 21Wireless camera 23Central unit 25Rail system 27Control computer 29Target point 31Center 33Grid 35Grid pattern 37Feed size 39Position deviation 41Longitudinal alignment error 43Target position of a longitudinal edge of a bridge superstructure 45Guideline 47Second camera unit 49Feed detection unit 100Procedure 102First step of the procedure or determining a fixed point 104Second step of the procedure or fixing the fixed point 106Third step of the procedure or arranging a Plumb laser at the fixed point 108fourth step of the process or projecting the fixed point 110fifth step of the process or fixing a laser plumb disc to the pier head 112sixth step of the process orDetecting a position of at least one control characteristic in relation to the laser plumb line 114seventh step of the method or determining a positional deviation 116eighth step of the method or determining a pier head deflection 118ninth step of the method or detecting a feed size 120tenth step of the method or determining a longitudinal alignment error of the bridge superstructure 122eleventh step or comparing the pier head deflection with a deflection limit value and / or comparing the longitudinal alignment error with an alignment error limit value 124twelfth step of the method or reducing the feed size 150Feed system 200Bridge construction site 202Bridge 204Subsoil 206Bridge superstructure 208Bridge pier 210Abutment 212Production plant 214Cycle segments 214.1First cycle segment 216Pre-construction nose 218Pillar head 220Pillar base 222Foundation of the bridge pier 224Building unit 226Feed unit 228Hydraulic cylinder 230Hollow box section 232Bottom slab 234Outer web 236Cover slab 238Longitudinal edge 240Target position FHead force G1Deflection limit of the pier head deflection G2Alignment error limit of the longitudinal alignment error pVFeed pressure R1Feed direction R2Transverse direction.

Claims

1. Method (100) for monitoring the pier head deflection (9) of a bridge pier (208) and / or the positional deviation (39) of a bridge superstructure (206), in particular during the construction and / or dismantling of bridges (202) using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a feed rigging, the method (100) comprising the steps of: - determining (102) a fixed point (3); - fixing (104) the fixed point (3) in a fixed spatial relation to a pier base (220) of the bridge pier (208); - arranging (106) a plumb laser (7) at the fixed point (3); - projecting (108) a projection point (17) of the fixed point (3) perpendicularly in the direction of a pier head (218) of the bridge pier (208) using a laser beam (11) of the plumb laser (7); - fixing (110) a laser plumbing disk (13) in a fixed spatial relation to a pier head (218) of the bridge pier (208) using the projection point (17);- detecting (112) a position of at least one control characteristic (18) in relation to the laser plumbing disk (13) during and / or after sliding a structural unit (224) onto the pier head (218) and / or during and / or after sliding a structural unit (224) off the pier head (218); 2. Method (100) according to claim 1, wherein the projection point (17) of the fixed point (3) is a control characteristic (18) and wherein the laser plumbing disk (13) is fixed to the pillar head (218) during fixing (110) such that the projection point (17) lies on a desired point (29) of the laser plumbing disk (13).

3. The method (100) according to claim 2, wherein detecting a position of at least one control characteristic (18) comprises detecting a position of the projection point (17) of the fixed point (3) on the laser plumbing disk (13), and wherein the method (100) further comprises: - determining (114) a positional deviation (39) between the target point (29) and the position of the projection point (17) during and / or after sliding the structural unit (224) onto the pier head (218) and / or during and / or after sliding the structural unit (224) off the pier head (218); and - determining (116) a pier head deflection (9) of the pier head (218) from the positional deviation (39).

4. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, further comprising the step: - determining a desired position point of a bridge superstructure (206) comprised by the structural unit (224), wherein the fixed point (3) is a vertical projection of the desired position point in the direction of the pier base (220).

5. The method (100) according to claim 4, wherein the laser plumbing disk (13) has a guideline (45), wherein the laser plumbing disk (13) is attached to the pier head (218) such that the guideline (45) is substantially congruent with a desired position (43) of a longitudinal edge (238) of the bridge superstructure (206), wherein the longitudinal edge (238) of the bridge superstructure (206) is a control characteristic (18) and the detection of a position of at least one control characteristic (18) comprises detecting the position of the longitudinal edge (238) in relation to the laser plumbing disk (13), and wherein the method (100) preferably comprises: - determining a longitudinal alignment error (41) of the bridge superstructure (206) and the pier head (218) if the longitudinal edge (238) of the bridge superstructure (206) after and / or during pushing on and / or after and / or during the removal of the bridge superstructure (206) deviates from Directive (45).

6. The method (100) according to claim 3 or 5, further comprising the steps of: - reducing (124) a feed size (37) of a feed unit (226) for displacing the assembly (224) if the determined pier head deflection (9) violates a deflection limit value (G1) and / or if the determined longitudinal alignment error (41) violates an alignment error limit value (G2).

7. The method (100) according to claim 6, further comprising the step: - detecting (118) the feed variable (37), in particular a feed pressure (pV), of the feed unit (226), wherein the determination of the feed variable (37) takes place simultaneously with the detection of the position of at least one control characteristic (18).

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the detection of the position of the control characteristic (18) is carried out by at least one camera (21), wherein the camera (21) is preferably a wireless camera (21).

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the step: - providing the detected position of the control characteristic (18), the determined positional deviation (39), the determined pier head deflection (9) and / or the determined longitudinal alignment error (41) for remote access, in particular providing them on a web server.

10. Device (1) for monitoring the pier head deflection (9) of a bridge pier (208) and / or the positional deviation (39) of a bridge superstructure (206), in particular during the construction and / or dismantling of bridges (202) using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a feed rig, the device (1) comprising a plumb laser (7) designed to be arranged adjacent to and in a fixed spatial relationship to a pier base (220) of the bridge pier (208) and to emit a vertical laser beam (11); a laser plumb disc (13) preferably having a measuring grid (33); a plumbing disk fixation (15) which is designed to fix the laser plumbing disk (13) horizontally projecting from a pier head (218) of the bridge pier (208) to the pier head (218) and above the plumbing laser (7) so that the laser beam (11) of the plumbing laser (7) can be projected onto the laser plumbing disk (13);and a camera unit (19) for capturing images and / or videos of the laser beam (11) striking the laser plummet (13); 11. Device (1) according to claim 10, further comprising a central unit (23) which is designed to display, record and / or evaluate an image and / or video of the camera unit (19), wherein the central unit (23) is preferably designed to allow remote access and / or to provide data on a server.

12. Device (1) according to claim 11, wherein the camera unit (19) comprises at least one wireless camera (21) and wherein the central unit (23) comprises a wireless receiving unit which is designed to communicate with the wireless camera (21).

13. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising a feed detection unit (49) which is designed to detect feed information which represents at least one feed variable (37) of a feed unit (226), wherein the feed detection unit (49) is or comprises a camera (21).

14. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, further comprising a laser fixation, which preferably has a fixing screw for fixing the plumb laser (7), wherein the fixing screw has an alignment bore for centering the laser fixation over a desired position point.

15. A launching system (150) for the construction and / or dismantling of bridges (202), in particular using the incremental launching method and / or by means of a launching rig, the launching system (150) comprising a launching unit (226) for displacing a structural unit (224), in particular a bridge superstructure (206) or a launching rig, and a device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the device (1) is designed to switch off the launching unit (226), in particular in response to the detection of a pier head deflection (9) that violates a deflection limit value (G1), a positional deviation that violates a positional deviation limit value, and / or a longitudinal alignment error (41) that violates an alignment error limit value (G2).

Images