Gas concentration measuring device, gas concentration measuring method, and program

Abstract

[Problem] To measure a gas concentration in a space precisely by accurately estimating a feature quantity relating to the gas concentration, even if a change in background temperature occurs due to factors other than gas. [Solution] A gas concentration measuring device 20 comprises: an inspection image acquiring unit 211 for acquiring infrared image time-series data captured by means of an infrared camera 10; a pixel identifying unit 2121 for identifying, within the infrared images, a target pixel for measuring the gas concentration, and a reference pixel having a lower gas concentration than the target pixel; a gas-free background temperature estimating unit 2122 for estimating gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel on the basis of target pixel time-series infrared data and reference pixel time-series infrared data in the infrared image time-series data; and a concentration feature quantity calculating unit 2123 for calculating time-series data for a feature quantity relating to the gas concentration of the target pixel, on the basis of the target pixel time-series infrared data and the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data of the target pixel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a gas concentration measuring device, a gas concentration measuring method, and a program, and relates to gas concentration measurement using an infrared imaging image.

Background Art

[0002] In facilities that use gas, such as production facilities that produce natural gas or oil, production plants that produce chemical products using gas, gas pipeline facilities, petrochemical plants, thermal power plants, and iron and steel related facilities (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "gas facilities"), due to aging deterioration of the facilities and operation errors, the risk of gas leakage is recognized, and a gas detection device is installed to minimize gas leakage.

[0003] In this gas detection, in addition to a gas detection device that utilizes the change in the electrical characteristics of a probe when gas molecules come into contact with the detection probe, in recent years, an optical gas leak detection method has been adopted in which an infrared video is taken using the infrared absorption characteristics of gas to detect gas leakage in the inspection area.

[0004] The gas detection method using an infrared video has the advantage that gas can be visualized by the video, so that the release state such as the gas flow and the leakage position can be easily detected compared with the conventional detection probe method. In addition, since the state of the leaked gas is recorded as a video, it also has the advantage that it can be used as evidence of the occurrence and repair of gas leakage.

[0005] As this type of infrared gas detection device, for example, in Patent Document 1, by detecting the amplitude characteristics of the time-series luminance change for each pixel to be inspected in the infrared image obtained by photographing the monitoring target, the background temperature when gas is present and the background temperature when gas is not present are specified, and a technique for estimating the concentration thickness product is disclosed. This technique utilizes the fact that due to the nature of the gas fluctuating, data with gas present and without gas are imaged in a time series for the pixels to be inspected.

Prior Art Documents

[0006] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2017 / 104617 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] However, the measuring device described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that, for example, when the background temperature changes due to factors other than gas, such as the effect of clouds, the temperature change due to the gas may be smaller than the change in background temperature. This makes it difficult to accurately estimate characteristic quantities related to gas concentration, such as concentration-thickness product, and to accurately measure the gas concentration in space.

[0008] The embodiments of this disclosure have been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aim to provide a gas concentration measuring device, a gas concentration measuring method, and a program that can accurately measure the gas concentration in a space from infrared video even when the background temperature changes due to factors other than gas. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A gas concentration measuring device according to one aspect of this disclosure is a gas concentration measuring device for measuring the distribution of gas concentration in a space exposed from a gas leak monitoring target, and arranging in chronological order infrared images of the space, each composed of multiple pixels, that are captured at multiple times by an infrared camera. The system comprises: an inspection image acquisition unit that acquires infrared image time-series data; a pixel identification unit that identifies a target pixel for measuring gas concentration in the gas cloud image and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel; a gas-free background temperature estimation unit that estimates gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel arranged in time series and the reference pixel time-series infrared data arranged in time series; and a concentration feature calculation unit that calculates time-series data of feature quantities related to the gas concentration of the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data of the target pixel. 、 The gas-free background temperature estimation unit estimates the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. It is characterized by the following: [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to a gas concentration measuring device, gas concentration measuring method, and program of one aspect of this disclosure, the influence of background temperature changes caused by factors other than gas can be reduced, and the background temperature when no gas is present can be estimated more accurately. As a result, even when background temperature changes occur due to factors other than gas, the gas concentration in space can be accurately measured from infrared motion images. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the infrared camera 10 and the object to be inspected 300. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram showing the characteristics of time-series pixel data of infrared data extracted from inspection data of infrared video images. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the gas concentration measurement system 1 according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a diagram showing the configuration of the infrared camera 10. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the circuit configuration of the gas concentration measuring device 20. [Figure 6]It is a functional block diagram of the control unit 21. [Figure 7] It is a flowchart showing the gas concentration measurement operation in the gas concentration measurement device 20. [Figure 8] It is a flowchart showing the operation of specifying target pixels and reference pixels in step S1 in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] (a) to (d) are examples of images of a plurality of frames arranged in time series based on infrared image time series data. [Figure 10] (a) to (d) are examples of images of a plurality of frames arranged in time series based on gas cloud image time series data. [Figure 11] It is an image obtained by averaging the gas cloud images of a plurality of frames shown in FIGS. 10(a) to (d). [Figure 12] It is a flowchart showing the operation of estimating the background temperature without gas for the target pixel in step S2 in FIG. 7. [Figure 13] It is a diagram showing an overview of the target pixel time series infrared data and the reference pixel time series infrared data. [Figure 14] It is a diagram showing the mode of an envelope drawn so that the total area of the region sandwiched between the target pixel time series infrared data is minimized. [Figure 15] It is a flowchart showing the operation of calculating the concentration thickness product data of the target pixel in step S3 in FIG. 7. [Figure 16] (a) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of the background temperature data with gas, (b) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of the background temperature data without gas, and (c) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of the light absorption rate image data. [Figure 17] It is a schematic diagram for explaining the outline of the method for calculating the concentration thickness product from the light absorption rate.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] ≪Embodiment≫ Embodiments of the present disclosure classify gas leaks from inspection images to be inspected for gas leaks in gas facilities. This is implemented as a gas concentration measurement system 1 including an infrared camera 10 and a gas concentration measuring device.

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the infrared camera 10 and the object to be inspected 300. As shown in Figure 1, the infrared camera 10 is installed so that the object to be inspected 300 is included within the field of view 310 of the infrared camera.

[0014] The infrared camera 10 converts the captured image into a predetermined video signal. In this embodiment, the infrared image signal acquired by the infrared camera is reconstructed into an image and processed as a moving image consisting of multiple frames. The resulting infrared image is, for example, a video signal for transmitting 30 frames per second. In the gas concentration measurement system 1, this infrared moving image is supplied from the infrared camera 10 to the gas concentration measuring device as inspection target data.

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of time-series pixel data of infrared data extracted from the inspection target data of an infrared video image. The image is an infrared video image of the object being monitored, and the pixel value represents the intensity of infrared light. If the size of the infrared video image or the number of frames as a video is excessive, the computational load for measurement will increase. In this embodiment, the number of pixels (n × m) of the infrared image is, for example, 320 × 256 pixels, and the number of frames (N) may be, for example, 100.

[0016] <Configuration of Gas Concentration Measurement System 1> The gas concentration measurement system 1 is a device or system that uses infrared light to image a target for monitoring and provides an infrared image in which the gas is visualized. For example, it includes an imaging means consisting of an infrared camera 10 that detects and images infrared light, and an interface circuit that outputs to a communication network N. The gas concentration measurement system 1 can be in various forms, such as a stationary type in which the infrared camera is installed in gas equipment, a portable type in which the infrared camera can be carried by an inspector, or a type in which the infrared camera is mounted on a drone.

[0017] The gas concentration measurement system 1 according to this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the gas concentration measurement system 1 according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the gas concentration measurement system 1 consists of a plurality of infrared cameras 10 connected to a communication network N, a gas concentration measuring device 20, and a storage means 30.

[0019] The communication network N is, for example, the Internet, and the infrared camera 10, the gas concentration measuring device 20, and the storage means 30 are connected to each other so that they can exchange information.

[0020] <Each part configuration> The infrared camera 10 is an infrared imaging device that generates an infrared image based on infrared light and outputs the infrared image to the outside.

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of an infrared camera 10. As shown in Figure 4, the infrared camera 10 includes a lens 11 that collects ambient light, a filter 12 that allows only infrared light in a specific wavelength band including the absorption wavelength of the gas to be detected to pass through, an image sensor 13 that receives infrared light and converts it into an electrical signal, and a signal processing unit 14.

[0022] Infrared cameras are commonly used to detect hydrocarbon gases. For example, a so-called infrared camera equipped with an image sensor that has a sensitivity wavelength band in at least a portion of the infrared light wavelengths between 3 μm and 5 μm can detect hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, ethylene, and propylene by detecting and imaging infrared light with wavelengths of 3.2 to 3.4 μm. Alternatively, by using infrared light with wavelengths of 4.52 to 4.67 μm, it is possible to detect different types of gases, such as carbon monoxide.

[0023] The infrared camera 10 detects the presence of gas by capturing changes in the amount of electromagnetic radiation emitted from background objects with an absolute temperature of 0 K or higher. Changes in the amount of electromagnetic radiation are mainly caused by the absorption of infrared electromagnetic waves by the gas or by blackbody radiation generated from the gas itself. By photographing the monitored space, gas leaks can be captured as images, allowing for earlier detection of gas leaks and accurate identification of the gas's location.

[0024] The infrared image (inspection image) is temporarily stored in memory or the like, and then transferred to the storage means 30 via the communication network N based on the operation input and saved.

[0025] The storage means 30 is a storage device that stores infrared images transmitted from the infrared camera 10, and is configured to include non-volatile memory such as a hard disk, and stores the infrared images in association with the identification information of the infrared camera 10. The administrator can read the infrared images from the storage means 30 using a management terminal (not shown), etc., and understand the status of the infrared images to be viewed.

[0026] The gas concentration measuring device 20 acquires infrared images of the monitored object from the infrared camera 10, estimates gas concentration features (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "gas concentration features") based on the infrared images, and notifies the user of gas detection via the display unit 24. Examples of gas concentration features include concentration-to-thickness product and light absorption rate.

[0027] (Configuration of the gas concentration measuring device 20) The gas concentration measuring device 20 is implemented as a computer equipped with, for example, a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit) and RAM (Random Access Memory), and a program to be executed on them. As will be described later, the gas concentration measuring device 20 may further be equipped with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) and RAM as computing devices.

[0028] The configuration of the gas concentration measuring device 20 will be described below. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of the gas concentration measuring device 20.

[0029] The gas concentration measuring device 20 is a server computer for estimating gas concentration features based on infrared images input as inspection images to be inspected. The gas concentration measuring device 20 reads infrared images stored in the storage means 30, or receives infrared images from the infrared camera 10, and for example, estimates the density-thickness product of the infrared images to generate a density-thickness product image, which is then output to the storage means 30 via the communication network N for storage. Alternatively, it may estimate the light absorption product of the infrared images to generate a light absorption image.

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit configuration of the gas concentration measuring device 20. As shown in Figure 3, the gas concentration measuring device 20 includes a control unit 21, a communication circuit 22, a storage device 23, a display unit 24, and an operation input unit 25.

[0031] The communication circuit 22 is a circuit that acquires a gas distribution video from the infrared camera 10. For example, a device that takes image data into a processing device such as a computer, such as an image capture board, can be used.

[0032] The storage device 23 is a storage means for temporarily storing infrared images transmitted from the infrared camera 10, and is configured, for example, to include a semiconductor memory, and stores the infrared images until the gas concentration feature quantity is calculated.

[0033] The display unit 24 is, for example, a liquid crystal panel, and displays the display screen generated by the control unit 21.

[0034] The operation input unit 25 is an input device that allows the operator to input information for operating the gas concentration measuring device 20. For example, it may be implemented as a single device that serves as both a display device and an input device, such as an input device like a keyboard or mouse, or a touch panel with a touch sensor on the front of the display unit 24.

[0035] The control unit 21 is composed of a CPU, RAM, and ROM, and the CPU executes a program (not shown) stored in the ROM to realize each function of the gas concentration measuring device 20. Specifically, the control unit 21 estimates the gas concentration of the gas distribution image based on the infrared image acquired from the communication circuit 22, creates a distribution image of gas concentration features, and outputs the gas concentration measurement image to the communication circuit 22. Specifically, as a gas concentration measurement, it estimates the light absorption rate or gas concentration thickness product, creates a light absorption rate image or gas concentration thickness product image, and outputs it to the communication circuit 22.

[0036] (Functions of the control unit 21) Figure 6 is a functional block diagram of the control unit 21. As shown in Figure 6, the gas concentration measuring device 20 includes an inspection image acquisition unit 211, an image processing unit 212, and an output unit 213.

[0037] The inspection image acquisition unit 211 is a circuit that acquires infrared image time-series data from the communication circuit 22, which consists of infrared images of a space composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times by an infrared camera, arranged in a time series.

[0038] Furthermore, the inspection image acquisition unit 211 may also measure the temperature of the gas in the space using a temperature sensor or the like to acquire the gas temperature value of the space.

[0039] The image processing unit 212 includes a pixel identification unit 2121, a gas-free background temperature estimation unit 2122, and a density feature calculation unit 2123.

[0040] The pixel identification unit 2121 is a circuit that identifies the target pixel for gas concentration measurement in the infrared image time series data, and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel.

[0041] The pixel identification unit 2121 may generate time-series data of a gas cloud image by extracting the image of the gas cloud from the time-series data of the infrared image, and identify the target pixel and the reference pixel based on the time-series data of the gas cloud image.

[0042] The generation of time-series data of gas cloud images can be used in a leak gas visualization imaging device that visualizes gas leaks from gas facilities by capturing infrared video of gas in the air using the infrared absorption characteristics of gas, as described in, for example, known literature (e.g., International Publication No. 2017 / 073430, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-58093).

[0043] The gas-free background temperature estimation unit 2122 is a circuit that estimates the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for a target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, which is obtained by arranging the infrared data of the target pixel in time series, and the time-series infrared data of the reference pixel, which is obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series. The density features, namely light absorption rate and density thickness product, are parameters that can be calculated by estimating the gas-present and gas-free background temperatures from the time changes for each pixel, as described in known literature, for example, Patent Document 1.

[0044] The concentration feature calculation unit 2123 is a circuit that calculates time-series data of the gas concentration feature of a target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel. The concentration feature may be either light absorptivity or gas concentration thickness product. Light absorptivity is the ratio of light absorption when gas is present in space, and is expressed as a range of 0 to 1, with the gas-free state being 0. Note that light absorptivity can be converted to concentration thickness product using the spectral absorption coefficient of the gas.

[0045] Details of the processing in the image processing unit 212, specifically the pixel identification unit 2121, the gas-free background temperature estimation unit 2122, and the density feature calculation unit 2123, will be described later.

[0046] The output unit 213 is a circuit that outputs the distribution image of the generated gas features to the communication circuit 22.

[0047] According to the gas concentration measuring device 20 with the above configuration, a reference pixel where gas appears faintly (usually a pixel without gas) is used as a reference, reducing the influence of background temperature changes caused by factors other than gas, and allowing for a more accurate estimation of the background temperature when gas is absent. Therefore, even when background temperature changes occur due to factors other than gas, the gas concentration features can be accurately estimated from infrared motion images, and the gas concentration in space can be measured with high precision.

[0048] <Operation of the gas concentration measuring device> The operation of the gas concentration measuring device 20 in this embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0049] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the gas concentration measurement operation in the control unit 21 of the gas concentration measuring device 20. In the following description, we will show a method for estimating the concentration thickness product as a gas concentration feature in gas concentration measurement where a gas concentration feature is estimated.

[0050] In the gas concentration measuring device 20 according to the embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, gas concentration measurement is performed by sequentially identifying the target pixel and reference pixel (step S1), estimating the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel (step S2), and calculating the concentration-thickness product data of the target pixel (step S3).

[0051] The following describes each step from S1 to S3.

[0052] (Identifying target pixels and reference pixels) Next, we identify the target pixels for gas concentration measurement and the reference pixels where gas is absent (or present in minute quantities).

[0053] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the process of identifying the target pixel and reference pixel in step S1 in Figure 7.

[0054] In the selection operation of target pixels and reference pixels, first, infrared image time-series data acquired by the infrared camera 10 is obtained (step S11). Figures 9(a) to (d) are examples showing the appearance of multiple frames arranged in time series based on infrared image time-series data. In Figures 9(a) to (d), the ground is shaded due to the movement of gas clouds, and the apparent temperature of the ground changes. The infrared image time-series data is an infrared image in the same format as the image inspection data generated by the infrared camera 10, and is a moving image containing time-series data of multiple frames. Preferably, the infrared image time-series data has a frame pixel count where the vertical and horizontal pixel counts are predetermined values. For example, the vertical × horizontal pixel count may be 320 × 256, 10 frames per second (fps) for 10 seconds, and N frames (N is a natural number), for example, N may be approximately 100 frames.

[0055] Next, specific frequency component image time series data is generated based on a known method, for example, as described in International Publication No. 2017 / 073430 (step S12), and difference time series data between the infrared image time series data and the specific frequency component image time series data is generated (step S13).

[0056] In the frames corresponding to the gas eruption period in the infrared image time-series data, the amplitude and waveform variability of the difference data are increasing.

[0057] Next, as data showing the variability of the waveform of the difference data, moving standard deviation time series data is generated and imaged using a predetermined number of frames as units for the difference time series data (step S14). In the frames corresponding to the gas eruption period, the variability of the amplitude of the moving standard deviation data increases significantly, and this moving standard deviation time series data shows the change in the gas cloud image during the gas eruption period.

[0058] In addition, in the processing of step S14, in addition to moving standard deviation time series data with a predetermined number of frames as units for the difference time series data, moving variance data for the difference data and absolute value sum data for the difference data may also be used as data to show the variability of the waveform of the difference data.

[0059] Figures 10(a) to (d) are examples of multiple frames arranged in time series, based on time-series data of gas cloud images. As shown in Figures 10(a) to (d), the gas cloud images highlight the gas cloud portion in the infrared image, making it easy to recognize that the gas cloud is moving.

[0060] Next, in order to determine the target pixels for measuring gas concentration, the moving standard deviation time series data is averaged (step S15). Figure 11 is an averaged image of the gas cloud images from multiple frames shown in Figures 10(a) to (d). As shown in Figure 11, in each of Figures 10(a) to (d), the areas where the gas cloud existed are cumulatively displayed, making it easy to recognize the range over which the gas cloud has moved.

[0061] Next, target pixels are selected by thresholding (step S16). In thresholding, in an image obtained by averaging gas cloud images from multiple frames, as shown in Figure 11, target pixels for gas concentration measurement are selected from pixels whose pixel data is above a predetermined threshold. In the example shown in Figure 11, the pixels marked with solid circles on the left side of the figure are the target pixels.

[0062] If there are multiple pixels whose pixel data is above a predetermined threshold, all candidate pixels may be selected as target pixels, and the density-thickness product may be calculated for each. Alternatively, some pixels may be selected as target pixels from among multiple pixels whose pixel data is above a predetermined threshold. In that case, the pixel with the largest pixel value may be selected from among the multiple candidate pixels. Alternatively, a configuration may be used in which a pixel surrounded by multiple pixels whose pixel value is above a predetermined threshold is selected as a target pixel.

[0063] Note that the method for searching for the target pixel is not limited to the example described above. For example, it is also possible to use a method in which the operator specifies the target pixel while looking at the pixels.

[0064] Next, we will explain how to select a reference pixel that does not contain gas (or contains a small amount of gas).

[0065] In this example, in the process of selecting a reference pixel based on temperature difference (step S17), as shown in Figure 11, in an image obtained by averaging gas cloud images from multiple frames, the pixel data of the target pixel selected in step S1 is used to select a reference pixel for measuring gas concentration from among pixels whose temperature difference is within a predetermined range.

[0066] The reason for selecting pixels with a temperature difference within a predetermined range is to assume the same material with similar reflectivity as the target pixel. By assuming the same material with similar reflectivity as the target pixel in the reference pixel, the accuracy of estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at the target pixel based on the reference pixel time-series infrared data can be improved in the subsequent steps S24-25. In this example, a reference pixel is selected from pixels whose temperature is within ±5°C of the target pixel.

[0067] In the example shown in Figure 11, the pixels with pixel values ​​close to 0, indicated by the dashed circles on the right side of the figure, are selected as target pixels, and pixels with almost no gas are selected as reference pixels.

[0068] If multiple candidate reference pixels exist, you can choose from pixels with values ​​close to 0 (no gas or very little gas), or pixels that are close to the target pixel in the image.

[0069] Note that the method for searching for a reference pixel is not limited to the ±5°C example described above. Different temperature ranges may be set if the same material can be specified within those ranges. Alternatively, the operator may specify the reference pixel while viewing the pixels.

[0070] The process of identifying the target pixel and the reference pixel is now complete.

[0071] Furthermore, the process may be repeated for target pixels in the area where gas is being emitted. This allows for the identification of target pixels in the gas-emitting area and the identification of reference pixels for those target pixels.

[0072] (Estimation of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel) Next, the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel is estimated based on the temperature change of the target pixel and the gas-free background temperature of the reference pixel.

[0073] Figure 12 is a flowchart showing the gas-free background temperature estimation operation of the target pixel in step S2 in Figure 6.

[0074] In the gas-free background temperature estimation operation for the target pixel, first, time-series data of luminance values ​​for the target pixel and reference pixel are input (step S21), and then converted into time-series data of temperature values ​​for the target pixel and reference pixel (step S22). The conversion from luminance values ​​to temperature values ​​is performed based on the luminance-temperature characteristics of the infrared camera 10.

[0075] Figure 13 shows an overview of the time-series infrared data for the target pixel and the time-series infrared data for the reference pixel. In Figure 13, the horizontal axis represents the frame number (1 to 50), and the vertical axis represents the temperature value. In the example shown in Figure 13, it can be seen that the reference pixel has a higher temperature than the target pixel in all frames. It can also be seen that the temperature change pattern of the reference pixel, which shows the background temperature without gas, is smoother than that of the target pixel, which shows the gas temperature in space.

[0076] Next, gas temperature data is input (step S23). The gas temperature value is the average temperature of the gas, and the ambient temperature in the space including the monitored object, measured by a temperature sensor, can be used. In this example, the air temperature is 36.7°C, and since the pixels diffused into the atmosphere adapt to the air temperature, the gas temperature acquired in step S23 will be approximately 36.7°C.

[0077] Next, in order to estimate the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel based on the reference pixel's gas-free background temperature, envelope processing is performed on the temperature value time series data of the target pixel (step S24).

[0078] Figure 14 shows the configuration of the drawn envelope.

[0079] The gas-free background temperature of the target pixel is the envelope with the larger temperature difference from the gas temperature among the two envelopes that can be drawn from the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, as described, for example, in International Publication No. 2017 / 104617. Therefore, in the example shown in Figure 14, the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel is the upper envelope (the one with the higher temperature).

[0080] On the other hand, since temperature changes are due to changes in clouds, etc., the shape of the time change in the gas-free background temperature of the reference pixel and the shape of the time change in the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel are considered to be similar. Therefore, the time series data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel is estimated based on the time series data of the gas-free background temperature of the reference pixel (reference pixel time series infrared data).

[0081] Specifically, the time-series data of the envelope is calculated by performing the following process to minimize the area enclosed by the gas-free background temperature (envelope) of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the target pixel.

[0082] To make the reference pixel's gas-free background temperature time series data (reference pixel time series infrared data) closer to the target pixel's time series infrared data, the temperature value of the reference pixel in frame 0 (offset coefficient 0) is offset by a coefficient OFT (offset coefficient 0 ≤ OFT ≤ 1) to the temperature value of the target pixel (offset coefficient 1), and a coefficient K (0 ≤ K ≤ 1) is multiplied to reduce the amount of temperature change relative to the reference pixel's gas-free background temperature time series data. The envelope is then calculated by varying the offset value OFT and coefficient K so that the sum of the areas of the region between the target pixel time series infrared data and the reference pixel time series data with reduced temperature change and offset temperature values ​​is minimized.

[0083] Next, the obtained envelope is estimated to be the gas-free background temperature time series data of the target pixel and output (step S25).

[0084] This completes the estimation process for the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel.

[0085] Furthermore, the process may be repeated for target pixels in the gas-emitting area. This allows for the estimation of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixels in the gas-emitting area.

[0086] (Calculation of density-thickness product data for the target pixel) Next, the density-thickness product of the target pixel is estimated based on the temperature change of the target pixel and the estimated gas-free background temperature of the target pixel.

[0087] Figure 15 is a flowchart showing the calculation operation of the density-thickness product data of the target pixel in step S3 in Figure 7.

[0088] In the calculation of density-thickness product data for the target pixel, first, the time-series data of the target pixel's background temperature with gas (time-series infrared data of the target pixel) is input (step S31). Next, the time-series data of the target pixel's background temperature without gas is input (step S32), and the blackbody radiance corresponding to the gas temperature value at each time point is calculated based on a known method (step S33).

[0089] Next, the time-series data of the light absorption rate of the target pixels is calculated (step S34), and time-series data of the light absorption rate image is generated.

[0090] Figure 16(a) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of background temperature data with gas, (b) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of background temperature data without gas, and (c) is a schematic diagram showing an overview of light absorptance image data.

[0091] When the coordinates of the target pixel are (x,y), the infrared intensity of the target pixel at a gas-free background temperature is DTIback(x,y), the blackbody radiance equivalent to the gas temperature is Igas, and the infrared intensity of the target pixel is DTI(x,y), the value of the light absorption rate of the light absorption rate image at the target pixel, DTα(x,y), is calculated by Equation 1, for example, based on a known method described in International Publication No. 2017 / 104607.

[0092]

number

[0093] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the general method for calculating the concentration-thickness integral from the light absorption rate.

[0094] The concentration-thickness product is calculated using the relationship between the gas concentration-thickness product and light absorptivity, as shown in Figure 17, to determine the gas concentration-thickness product corresponding to the light absorptivity value at the target pixel (x,y). The light absorptivity varies depending on the specified gas type, and the light absorptivity of the light absorptivity image data is converted to concentration-thickness product image data based on the gas light absorption-concentration-thickness product characteristics, using relationship data between the concentration-thickness product value and light absorptivity, such as the light absorptivity value corresponding to the gas concentration-thickness product stored in a data table, or a mathematical formula representing an approximation curve. The relationship between the gas concentration-thickness product and light absorptivity for each gas type may be obtained in advance by actual measurement.

[0095] This completes the calculation of the density-thickness product data for the target pixel.

[0096] Furthermore, the process may be repeated for target pixels in the area where gas is emitted. This allows for the estimation of the concentration-thickness product of the gas-emitting area.

[0097] <Effects> As described above, the gas concentration measuring device 20 according to the embodiment is characterized by comprising: an inspection image acquisition unit 211 that acquires infrared image time-series data captured by an infrared camera 10; a pixel identification unit 2121 that identifies a target pixel for gas concentration measurement in the infrared image and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel; a gas-free background temperature estimation unit 2122 that estimates gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at the target pixel based on the target pixel time-series infrared data and the reference pixel time-series infrared data in the infrared image time-series data; and a concentration feature calculation unit 2123 that calculates time-series data of the gas concentration feature of the target pixel based on the target pixel time-series infrared data and the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data of the target pixel.

[0098] With this configuration, the gas-free background temperature of a target pixel can be estimated from the time change in temperature of a reference pixel that is not emitting gas (or has a low gas concentration), and the density-thickness product of the target pixel to be inspected can be estimated.

[0099] This allows for the estimation of background temperature changes for the target pixel by using pixel data from a reference pixel where the gas appears faintly (usually a pixel without gas) as a reference. Therefore, even if background temperature changes are caused by factors other than gas, the concentration-thickness product can be estimated with high accuracy.

[0100] As a result, compared to conventional techniques that estimate the gas-free background temperature of a target pixel by utilizing the fact that data with and without gas is captured over time for the pixel being inspected, this method can improve the accuracy of the concentration-thickness product measurement results when the background temperature changes due to factors other than gas.

[0101] Summary A gas concentration measuring device according to one aspect of this disclosure is a gas concentration measuring device that measures the distribution of gas concentration in a space exposed from a gas leak monitoring target, An inspection image acquisition unit acquires infrared image time-series data, which is obtained by arranging infrared images of the space composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times using an infrared camera, in a time-series order. A pixel identification unit that identifies a target pixel in the gas cloud image for measuring gas concentration and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel, A gas-free background temperature estimation unit estimates gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel arranged in time series, and the reference pixel time-series infrared data arranged in time series, in the time-series data of the infrared image. The system comprises a concentration feature calculation unit that calculates time-series data of feature quantities relating to the gas concentration of the target pixel based on the aforementioned time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel. picture, The gas-free background temperature estimation unit estimates the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. Gas concentration measuring device.

[0102] This configuration reduces the influence of background temperature changes caused by factors other than gas, allowing for a more accurate estimation of the background temperature when no gas is present. As a result, even when background temperature changes occur due to factors other than gas, the gas concentration in the space can be accurately detected from infrared motion images. Furthermore, it is possible to draw an envelope around the time-series infrared data of the target pixel such that the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the time-series infrared data of the target pixel is minimized. In addition, it is possible to estimate the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data of the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the reference pixel time-series infrared data obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series.

[0103] In another embodiment, in any of the above embodiments, the pixel identification unit may generate time-series data of a gas cloud image by extracting the image of the gas cloud from the time-series data of the infrared image, and identify the target pixel and the reference pixel based on the time-series data of the gas cloud image.

[0104] With this configuration, the gas cloud area in the infrared image is highlighted in the gas cloud image, making it easy to identify the target pixel for gas concentration measurement and the reference pixel where gas is absent (or present in a small amount of gas).

[0105] In another embodiment, in any of the above embodiments, the time-series data of the gas cloud image may be configured to be time-series data of an image obtained by extracting the time evolution of a specific frequency component from the time-series data of the infrared image.

[0106] With this configuration, it is possible to generate a gas cloud image by utilizing the frequency characteristics related to fluctuations in gas in space to emphasize the parts where gas exists in space.

[0107] In another embodiment, in any of the above embodiments, the infrared image may consist of data representing brightness or temperature.

[0108] With this configuration, even when using luminance values ​​as infrared images, it is possible to estimate features related to gas concentration in the same way as when using temperature values.

[0109] In another embodiment, in any of the above embodiments, the pixel identification unit may be configured to select the reference pixel from pixels whose infrared image value is within a predetermined range for the target pixel.

[0110] This configuration allows for the assumption that the reference pixel is made of the same material as the target pixel with a similar reflectivity, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at the target pixel based on the reference pixel time-series infrared data.

[0115] In another embodiment, in any of the above embodiments, the envelope may be configured to be the envelope with the largest temperature difference with the gas temperature in the space among the two envelopes that can be drawn on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel.

[0116] With this configuration, it is possible to perform a process to estimate gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at a target pixel based on reference pixel time-series infrared data.

[0119] In another embodiment, there is a gas concentration measurement method for measuring the distribution of gas concentration in a space exposed from a gas leak monitoring target, The space, composed of multiple pixels, is imaged at multiple times by an infrared camera. We obtain infrared image time-series data by arranging the captured infrared images in chronological order. Identify the target pixel in the infrared image for measuring the gas concentration, and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the target pixel in time series, and the time-series infrared data of the reference pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series, the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature at the target pixel is estimated. Based on the aforementioned time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel, time-series data of feature quantities related to the gas concentration of the target pixel is calculated. death, The estimation of the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data is performed by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data, thereby estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. This method can also be used for measuring gas concentration.

[0120] In another embodiment, there is a program that causes a computer to perform a gas concentration measurement process to measure the distribution of gas concentrations in a space exposed to a gas leak monitoring target, The aforementioned gas concentration measurement process is, An infrared image time-series data is obtained by arranging infrared images of the space, which is composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times using an infrared camera, in a time-series order. Identify the target pixel in the infrared image for measuring the gas concentration, and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the target pixel in time series, and the time-series infrared data of the reference pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series, the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature at the target pixel is estimated. Based on the aforementioned time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel, time-series data of feature quantities related to the gas concentration of the target pixel is calculated. death, The estimation of the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data is performed by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data, thereby estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. It can also be presented as a program.

[0121] ≪Variations≫ The gas concentration measurement system 1 according to the embodiment has been described above, but this disclosure is not limited in any way to the above embodiment, except for its essential characteristic components. For example, forms obtained by applying various modifications to the embodiment that a person skilled in the art can conceive of, and forms realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions of each embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention are also included in this disclosure. Below, as an example of such a form, a modification of the above embodiment will be described.

[0122] (1) In the above-described embodiment, the gas-free background temperature estimation unit is configured to estimate the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at a target pixel by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the time-series infrared data at the target pixel and the target pixel time-series infrared data. However, as a modification, the gas-free background temperature estimation unit may be configured to estimate the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data at a target pixel using a machine learning model.

[0123] In this case, the machine learning model used in the gas-free background temperature estimation unit may be, for example, a model that has been trained using reference pixel time-series infrared data, target pixel time-series infrared data, and target pixel gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data as training data. Alternatively, the machine learning model may be configured to output gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data when reference pixel time-series infrared data and target pixel time-series infrared data are input.

[0124] In this case, since the gas concentration features of the target pixel (concentration-thickness product, light absorption rate) can be analytically determined from the background temperature of the target pixel without gas, the temperature data of the target pixel (background temperature with gas), and the air temperature, a machine learning model may be generated using the reference pixel time-series infrared data, the target pixel time-series infrared data, the air temperature data, and the time-series data of the gas concentration features of the target pixel as training data, and this machine learning model may be used to calculate the time-series data of the gas concentration features of the target pixel.

[0125] Furthermore, the calculated features related to the gas concentration of the target pixel are not limited to time-series data; they can also be average values. In this case, instead of using time-series data of the gas concentration features of the target pixel as the ground truth data, the average value of the gas concentration features of the target pixel may be used for training.

[0126] (2) In the above-described embodiment, a configuration was introduced in which an infrared image captured by an infrared camera 10 is used as the inspection image to be inspected, and the embodiment was described in an example in which data representing temperature values ​​is used as the pixel data of the infrared image.

[0127] However, it goes without saying that the form of pixel data constituting the infrared image, which is the inspection image, is not limited to the above. For example, it is possible to process the luminance values ​​obtained from the infrared sensor as they are (before converting them to temperature values).

[0128] (3) In the above-described embodiment, the method for selecting a reference pixel in which gas is absent (or has a low gas concentration) was described in which a reference pixel is selected from a pixel that is within a predetermined temperature range from the temperature of the target pixel.

[0129] However, it goes without saying that the method for selecting the reference pixel is not limited to this method. For example, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-58093, it is possible to use a method that calculates the absolute value of the brightness change and adds them up one after another.

[0130] (4) In the embodiments described above, the embodiments were explained using as an example a configuration in which the gas concentration thickness product is estimated as the gas concentration feature in the gas concentration measurement for estimating the gas concentration feature. However, it is also possible to replace the gas concentration thickness product with a configuration in which the light absorption rate is estimated as the gas concentration measurement.

[0131] (5) In the embodiments described above, a gas plant was used as an example of a gas facility to be inspected. However, this disclosure is not limited to this and may be applied to the generation of display images in equipment, apparatus, laboratories, research facilities, factories, and businesses that utilize gas.

[0132] (6) Although the present disclosure has been described based on the embodiments described above, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the present invention also includes the following cases.

[0133] For example, the present invention may be a computer system comprising a microprocessor and memory, wherein the memory stores the computer program, and the microprocessor operates in accordance with the computer program. For example, the present invention may be a computer system having a computer program for processing in the system or its components, and operating in accordance with this program (or instructing each connected part to operate).

[0134] Furthermore, the present invention also includes cases where all or part of the processing in the above system or its components is performed by a computer system consisting of a microprocessor, a recording medium such as ROM or RAM, a hard disk unit, etc. The RAM or hard disk unit stores a computer program that achieves the same operation as each of the above devices. The microprocessor operates in accordance with the computer program, thereby enabling each device to perform its function.

[0135] Furthermore, some or all of the components constituting each of the above-mentioned devices may be composed of a single system LSI (Large Scale Integration). The system LSI is a highly functional LSI manufactured by integrating multiple components onto a single chip, and specifically, it is a computer system comprising a microprocessor, ROM, RAM, etc. These may be individually integrated into a single chip, or some or all of them may be integrated into a single chip. The RAM stores a computer program that achieves the same operation as each of the above-mentioned devices. The system LSI achieves its function by operating the microprocessor according to the computer program. For example, the present invention also includes cases where the processing in the system or its components is stored as a program in the LSI, and this LSI is inserted into a computer and executes a predetermined program.

[0136] Furthermore, the method of integrated circuit implementation is not limited to LSIs; it may also be implemented using dedicated circuits or general-purpose processors. After LSI manufacturing, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) that can be programmed, or reconfigurable processors that allow for the reconfiguration of the connections and settings of circuit cells inside the LSI, may also be used.

[0137] Furthermore, if advancements in semiconductor technology or other derived technologies lead to the emergence of integrated circuit technologies that replace LSIs, then naturally, it would be acceptable to use those technologies to integrate functional blocks.

[0138] Furthermore, some or all of the functions of the system or its components according to each embodiment may be realized by a processor such as a CPU executing a program. A non-temporary computer-readable recording medium on which a program that causes the operation of the system or its components is recorded may also be used. The program or signals may be recorded on the recording medium and transferred, allowing the program to be executed by another independent computer system. Needless to say, the program can also be distributed via a transmission medium such as the Internet.

[0139] Furthermore, the system or its components according to the above embodiment may be implemented using programmable devices such as a CPU, GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or processor, and software. These components can be a single circuit component or a collection of multiple circuit components. Alternatively, multiple components can be combined to form a single circuit component or a collection of multiple circuit components.

[0140] (7) The division of a functional block is just one example; multiple functional blocks may be implemented as a single functional block, a single functional block may be divided into multiple parts, or some functions may be moved to other functional blocks. Furthermore, the functions of multiple functional blocks having similar functions may be processed in parallel or time-sharing by a single piece of hardware or software.

[0141] Furthermore, the order in which the above steps are performed is illustrative for the purpose of specifically illustrating the present invention, and may be performed in a different order. Also, some of the above steps may be performed simultaneously (in parallel) with other steps.

[0142] Furthermore, at least some of the functions of each embodiment and its modified form may be combined. Moreover, all the figures used above are illustrative to specifically explain the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the illustrated figures.

[0143] ≪Additional Information≫ The embodiments described above all represent preferred specific examples of the present invention. The numerical values, shapes, materials, components, arrangement and connection configurations of components, processes, and order of processes shown in the embodiments are examples only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, among the components in the embodiments, processes that are not described in the independent claims representing the highest-level concept of the present invention are described as any components that constitute a more preferred form.

[0144] Furthermore, for the sake of easier understanding of the invention, the scale of the components shown in the figures of each embodiment described above may differ from that of the actual components. Moreover, the present invention is not limited by the descriptions of each embodiment described above, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0145] Furthermore, while circuit components, lead wires, and other materials are present on the substrate, various configurations can be implemented based on ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field regarding electrical wiring and electrical circuits. Since these are not directly relevant to the description of the present invention, their explanation has been omitted. Note that the figures shown above are schematic diagrams and not necessarily strict representations. [Industrial applicability]

[0146] The gas concentration measuring device, gas concentration measuring method, and program relating to this disclosure are widely applicable to the estimation of gas concentrations using an infrared imaging device. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0147] 1. Gas concentration measurement system 10 Infrared Cameras 11 lenses 12 filters 13 Image sensor 14 Signal Processing Unit 20. Gas concentration measuring device 21 Control Unit 211 Inspection Image Acquisition Unit 212 Image Processing Unit 2121 Pixel Identification Section 2122 Gas-free background temperature estimation unit 2123 Concentration Feature Calculation Unit 213 Output section 22 Communication Circuit 23 Storage device 24 Display 25 Operation Input Section 30 Memory means

Claims

1. A gas concentration measuring device that measures the distribution of gas concentrations in a space that is under monitoring, An inspection image acquisition unit acquires infrared image time-series data, which is obtained by arranging infrared images of the space composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times using an infrared camera, in a time-series order. A pixel identification unit that identifies a target pixel in the infrared image for measuring gas concentration and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel, A gas-free background temperature estimation unit estimates gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel arranged in time series, and the reference pixel time-series infrared data arranged in time series, in the time-series data of the infrared image. The system includes a concentration feature calculation unit that calculates time-series data of feature quantities relating to the gas concentration of the target pixel based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel. The gas-free background temperature estimation unit estimates the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. Gas concentration measuring device.

2. The pixel identification unit generates time-series data of a gas cloud image by extracting the image of the gas cloud from the time-series data of the infrared image, and identifies the target pixel and the reference pixel based on the time-series data of the gas cloud image. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 1.

3. The time-series data of the gas cloud image is time-series data of an image obtained by extracting the time evolution of a specific frequency component from the time-series data of the infrared image. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 2.

4. The infrared image consists of data representing brightness or temperature. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 1.

5. The pixel identification unit selects the reference pixel from pixels whose infrared image value is within a predetermined range for the target pixel. The gas concentration measuring device according to claim 1.

6. A gas concentration measurement method for measuring the distribution of gas concentrations in a space that is under monitoring, Infrared image time-series data is obtained by arranging infrared images of the space, which is composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times using an infrared camera, in a time-series order. Identify the target pixel in the infrared image for measuring the gas concentration, and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the target pixel in time series, and the time-series infrared data of the reference pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series, the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature at the target pixel is estimated. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel, time-series data of feature quantities related to the gas concentration of the target pixel is calculated. The estimation of the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data is performed by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data, thereby estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. Method for measuring gas concentration.

7. In identifying the target pixel and the reference pixel, time-series data of a gas cloud image is generated by extracting the image of the gas cloud from the time-series data of the infrared image, and the target pixel and the reference pixel are identified based on the time-series data of the gas cloud image. The method for measuring gas concentration according to claim 6.

8. A program that causes a computer to perform a gas concentration measurement process to measure the distribution of gas concentrations in a space that is being monitored, The aforementioned gas concentration measurement process is: Infrared image time-series data is obtained by arranging infrared images of the space, which is composed of multiple pixels, captured at multiple times using an infrared camera, in a time-series order. Identify the target pixel in the infrared image for measuring the gas concentration, and a reference pixel with a lower gas concentration than the target pixel. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the target pixel in time series, and the time-series infrared data of the reference pixel, obtained by arranging the infrared data of the reference pixel in time series, the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature at the target pixel is estimated. Based on the time-series infrared data of the target pixel and the time-series infrared data of the gas-free background temperature of the target pixel, time-series data of feature quantities related to the gas concentration of the target pixel is calculated. The estimation of the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data is performed by drawing an envelope that minimizes the sum of the areas of the regions sandwiched between the target pixel time-series infrared data and the target pixel time-series infrared data, thereby estimating the gas-free background temperature time-series infrared data for the target pixel. The envelope is a line obtained by changing the amount of change and / or offset value of the reference pixel time-series infrared data. program.

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