Cladding with magnetic properties for covering parts and magnetic adhesion system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cladding with magnetic properties and a magnetic adhesion system for covering parts that incorporate said cladding, being particularly suitable for the placement of ceramic parts and on supports of other materials.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Coating with magnetic properties for coating parts and magnetic adhesion system

[0003] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates both to the magnetic adhesion system for wall and / or floor tiles, combined with the application of a coating with hard or soft ferromagnetic properties, designed exclusively for said purpose, and to the ferromagnetic coating itself. It also relates to the addition of both hard and soft ferromagnetic materials to the ceramic atomization from which the ceramic support or substrate is formed, in order to adapt said tiles for magnetic adhesion using the installation system of the present invention, said tiles being capable of being subsequently magnetized.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0006] Currently, there is no known material in the state of the art that can provide a ceramic support with magnetic characteristics without using adhesion processes, adhesives, or mortars. This is due to the difficulty of using magnetic materials in processes involving high temperatures that are often well above the Curie temperature (Te) of magnetic materials, such as ceramic firing cycles.

[0007] Referring to the invention in Spain with publication number ES1232466U, currently the different ceramic cladding pieces for walls and floors are adhered to the structural bases of the floor and / or wall using an adhesive material, mortar, or other materials.

[0008] Other techniques are also known for adhering ceramic cladding pieces to the floor or wall by means of magnetic adhesion (see for example documents GB2564104 A, WO2019 / 00837 A1 , US2008202053 A1 , US 2017254094 A1 , ES1025004U).

[0009] However, these techniques require additional stages in the production process for the inclusion and / or adhesion of the magnetic materials to the substrate, which leads to higher costs and longer processing times, since additional stages must be included in the ceramic tile production process.

[0010] European patent document EP1857993 A2 describes an invention in which a support or substrate is provided with magnetic characteristics by applying a polymeric substrate followed by a coating of magnetic minerals, for potential use in billboards, traffic signs and other types of applications.

[0011] The present invention relates to a coating with magnetic properties, which is especially suitable for placement on cladding pieces, providing them with magnetic adhesion for subsequent placement on surfaces with an intense magnetic field or on ferromagnetically soft metal surfaces, in both cases by aligning their magnetic domains. The present invention also encompasses the possibility of introducing these ferromagnetic properties into the atomized ceramic substrate or support with the aim of achieving the same end, in addition to producing an inversion of the adhesion system through different processes.

[0012] The invention is fundamentally intended to provide the system with magnetic adhesion, mainly for ceramic supports or substrates, however the invention is also applicable to other supports of another nature, such as metals, plastics, wood, papers, tiles, natural and imitation wood, mirrors, natural fibers, natural stone, textiles, ceramic supports or substrates, non-porous ceramic supports or substrates, marble, plasterboard, polished concrete or microcement, polyurethane panels, etc.

[0013] As disclosed in documents WO 2022 / 112639, ES1232466U, US 2018 / 0257340, ES1025004U, W02008121806A1 , US2017254094A1 , US2017254094A1 , US2008202053A1 , GB2564104A, and in EP1857993A2, reference is made to a magnetic adhesion system for surfaces of different nature (not only ceramics), using magnetic forces as an adhesion element for coatings with a decorative function on surfaces to be coated for decoration and / or advertising. Document WO 2022 / 112639 claims the use of ferromagnetic coatings for this purpose, without the need for adhesive and / or mechanical interfaces to the substrate, claiming the development of ferromagnetic polymeric coatings designed exclusively for this purpose.This document aims to expand the scope of such coatings in addition to conferring these characteristics, in the case of flooring and cladding, to the support, by adding materials that are susceptible to being attracted by external magnetic fields and / or capable of being magnetized.

[0014] This document describes the possibility of providing the support with soft ferromagnetic properties so that it can be attracted as disclosed in document WO 2022 / 112639, in addition to producing an inversion of the adhesion system, that is, providing hard ferromagnetic properties in order to generate a magnetic field and attract soft ferromagnetic materials with high magnetic susceptibility. To do this, hybrid organic-inorganic coatings, or solely inorganic coatings, will be used, in addition to the addition of the materials previously described to the ceramic atomized, or to an external layer of the atomized to confer these hard or soft ferromagnetic properties, being necessary in some cases high temperatures for the appearance of the same and the application of magnetic fields during some of the stages of the process.

[0015] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to expand the scope of the ferromagnetic coating existing in the state of the art, such as that described in document WO / 2022 / 112639 (PCT / ES2021 / 070852), presenting the possibility of providing these ferromagnetic properties to the ceramic support during the pressing process for subsequent firing at high temperature. In addition to inverting the adhesion system, being able to provide hard ferromagnetic properties both to the support itself by pressing, and to the ferromagnetic coating. In short, it is an extension and improvement of the magnetic adhesion system described above, which allows the adhesion of coating pieces, which can be a ceramic piece or another support, comprising the coating, avoiding problems such as dust formation, noise generated with conventional coating piece installations, etc.

[0016] OBJECT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] A first object of the invention is a coating with magnetic properties for cladding pieces such as a ceramic piece or other support, characterized in that it comprises:

[0018] - a polymer or a dispersion of a polymer (thermoplastic or thermosetting),

[0019] - an inorganic material,

[0020] - solvent and other additives.

[0021] The base polymers or polymer dispersions can be, for example, selected from latex dispersions of acrylic nature, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Teflon (or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE), sodium polyacrylate (PANa), potassium polyacrylate (PAK) and polyamide, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or combinations of all the above. Also colloidal dispersions in organic vehicles of all the above type “plastisol” and “organosol”.

[0022] A solvent and other additives, for example selected from ethanol, water, polyethylene glycol, monopolar ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetone, acrylamide, bentonite, sodium tripolyphosphate and carboxylmethylcellulose.

[0023] The coating components may be present in different proportions, such as: between 40 and 85%, preferably between 50% and 80% of magnetic materials, between 10% and 50%, preferably 20% and 50% of polymeric materials, between 0.1 and 15%, preferably between 1% and 9% of solvents and 5% of other additives with respect to the total weight of the coating.

[0024] Some stainless steels can be considered magnetic materials, such as the families of stainless steels known as terrific, martensitic, and / or duplex steels, which can exhibit magnetism and are therefore recognized as magnetic materials, for example, in this case, stainless steel, magnetite, strontium hexaferrite, and hematite. Furthermore, other types of steel, at high firing temperatures and slow cooling, can undergo some transformation into alpha iron, among others, which will present magnetic attraction to permanent magnets.

[0025] In addition, some of these pieces are susceptible to being subsequently magnetized and behaving as a permanent magnet, consequently presenting a high value of remanent magnetization (Mr).

[0026] The invention provides a coating for obtaining a coating structure, said coating being of an inorganic glass-ceramic nature or a hybrid inorganic / organic nature, capable of being attracted by external magnetic fields and / or generating magnetic fields that can attract materials susceptible to being attracted, depending on the nature of the selected inorganic materials.

[0027] According to particular embodiments, the use of the coating with magnetic properties or the coating pieces refers to the use in an industrial production line, on all types of surfaces by means of at least some of the conventional application methods such as the enamelling bell or die, digital printing, application by means of rollers, or by means of airless spraying techniques, where the support and the magnetic coating are joined in a single body, without the need for interfaces, and similarly, the coating structure is joined to the magnetized sheet directly, by magnetic adhesion.

[0028] In particular cases of use as thermoplastic polymers, for example selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Teflon (or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or combinations of all of the above in addition to colloidal dispersions in organic vehicles of the above "plastisol" and "organosol" type, the application of temperature and / or pressure will be required for the formation of the coating in the industrial production line.

[0029] An additional component of the present invention is a two-component polyurethane resin blended with ferromagnetic material. This resin is a two-component polyurethane polymer that includes a catalyst for its hardening. This mixture is applied to the back of the cladding piece, advancing with the rib face downward, allowing it to enter the application machine. This process includes an application that accelerates drying through thermal assistance, ensuring rapid solidification and development of the desired magnetic properties.

[0030] In another particular case in which the chosen inorganic materials are susceptible to being magnetized, that is to say with hard ferromagnetic properties, for example selected stoichiometric and doped with barium, strontium, nickel, cobalt, manganese ferrites, powder derived from permanent magnets such as AINiCo and NdFeB and any material with hard ferromagnetic properties. During the application, an external magnetic field generated by electromagnets or an NdFeB magnet with axial magnetization may be applied. This field may be applied at the time of application, during the application of pressure and / or at a specific time during the drying process if necessary.

[0031] Due to the anisotropy of the crystal lattice of some of the materials described above, or the elongated shape of the grain in others, the magnetization is confined in a favorable direction called the easy magnetization axis (in either direction), which will allow greater ease when magnetizing them.

[0032] Magnetization will depend on the material and the percentage of ferromagnetically active material. For this purpose, electromagnetic chucks coupled to capacitor discharge magnetizers with different pole pitches capable of achieving the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the material will be used. Pole pitches between 3 mm and 5 mm are preferred.

[0033] A second object of the invention is the introduction of hard / soft ferromagnetic elements into the coating structure itself. The ceramic support is made of atomized ceramic powder. This is a type of ceramic material created by breaking down ceramic materials into micrometric particles through a process known as atomization. This process involves rapidly heating and cooling the ceramic material, causing it to break down into tiny droplets, which then solidify into small particles. The resulting ceramic powder can be used as a raw material in various applications, such as the manufacture of ceramics, coatings, and composite materials.

[0034] In ceramic production, the wet spray-drying process is the most commonly used. In this process, spray-dried powder is mixed with a binder, molded into the desired shape, and fired at high temperatures to create a finished product. The small particle size of spray-dried ceramic powder allows for a high degree of control over the final ceramic properties, such as strength, hardness, and thermal resistance. Furthermore, spray-dried powder can be customized for specific applications by adjusting the raw material composition and the spray-drying process.

[0035] The spray-dried powder pressing process is a method of creating solid ceramic products from spray-dried ceramic powder. This process typically involves the following steps:

[0036] -Mixing: Atomized ceramic powder is mixed with a binder, such as a polymer or organic material, to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0037] -Compaction: The mix is ​​then compacted using a process such as isostatic pressing, uniaxial pressing, hot pressing, or continuous pressing (large-format sheets) to create a dense, green body. The compaction process increases the strength and durability of the material by reducing porosity and improving the uniformity of particle distribution.

[0038] -Drying: The green body is dried to remove residual moisture, which can cause cracks or other defects during the firing process.

[0039] -Firing: The green body is fired at high temperatures, typically between 1,000 and 1,500°C, to remove the binder and create a dense, sintered ceramic product. The firing process also causes the ceramic particles to fuse together, creating a strong bond and improving the material's mechanical properties. Spray-dried ceramics may exhibit ferromagnetic properties depending on their composition and processing. Some ceramics exhibit naturally magnetic properties and can be used to create magnetic ceramics using the spray-dried powder pressing process.

[0040] The components of the support may be present in different proportions, such as: between 55% and 99%, preferably between 60% and 97% of atomized powder, between 10% and 50%, preferably 13% and 30% of ferromagnetic materials with respect to the total weight of the support.

[0041] Another innovative component of the present invention is a fluid magnetic system, which can be composed of inorganic ferromagnetic material, as well as containing graphene or carbon-derived structures. This system allows for the application of various coatings on both vertical and horizontal surfaces. In addition to its magnetic properties, it offers thermal insulation qualities and is safe for health and the environment. Its application is easy and fast, similar to that of paint, with a fluid consistency and graphite color, ensuring complete coverage and optimal adhesion. This system also allows for application to both the top and bottom of surfaces, without the need for an additional baking process.

[0042] The present invention also relates to a coating structure comprising a support with ferromagnetic properties or a support and a coating with ferromagnetic properties, designed exclusively for said purpose. Preferably, the coating structure comprises the coating defined above bonded to the support.

[0043] The support on which the coating is applied can be of various nature, for example: metals, plastics, wood, papers, tiles, natural and imitation wood, mirrors, natural fibers, natural stone, textiles, ceramic substrates, non-porous ceramic substrates, marble, plasterboard, polished concrete or microcement, and polyurethane panels, where the ceramic substrates can be, for example, ceramic pieces, cladding pieces, for example, tiles, etc.

[0044] An additional purpose of the present invention is to confer ferromagnetic properties to a support such as ceramic tiles, enabling it to potentially adhere magnetically to surfaces with a magnetic field, by aligning its magnetic domains. The ferromagnetic layer, designed exclusively for this purpose, is applied to the support, for example, a ceramic substrate, either before or after firing.

[0045] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the different pieces of coatings with magnetic adhesion so that they can be placed on surfaces capable of generating an intense magnetic field by aligning their magnetic domains.

[0046] Another additional purpose of the present invention is to confer to a support, such as ceramic tiles, hard ferromagnetic properties capable of generating magnetic fields for its potential magnetic adhesion on soft ferromagnetic surfaces.

[0047] The present invention also provides a magnetic adhesion system for cladding pieces that may be formed by the defined cladding structure, comprised of the support and the ferromagnetic coating of the invention; a magnetic sheet, preferably a sheet of magnetic vinyl material; a surface of laminated plaster or any other structural base on which the magnetic sheet is arranged as detailed in the drawings below.

[0048] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The additional characteristics of the invention will become clearer from the following description, and for greater clarity, the description of the invention continues with reference to the attached drawings, which have a merely illustrative, non-limiting value, in which:

[0049] Figure 1 shows a section diagram of the magnetic adhesion system for cladding pieces of the invention, composed of a cladding structure (1), comprising the ceramic glaze or decorative body (2), the ceramic support (3), the ferromagnetic coating of the invention (4), the magnetic sheet (5), and the laminated plasterboard (6).

[0050] Figure 2 shows a section diagram of the magnetic adhesion system for cladding pieces of the invention, composed of a cladding structure (1), comprising the ceramic glaze or decorative body (2), the ferromagnetic ceramic support (7), the magnetic sheet (5), and the laminated plasterboard (6).

[0051] Figure 3 shows a section diagram of the magnetic adhesion system for cladding pieces of the invention, composed of a cladding structure (1), comprising the ceramic glaze or decorative body (2), the ceramic support (3), the magnetized ferromagnetic coating of the invention (8), the ferromagnetic sheet or plate (9), and the laminated plasterboard (6).

[0052] Figure 4 shows a section diagram of the magnetic adhesion system for cladding pieces of the invention, composed of a cladding structure (1), comprising the ceramic glaze or decorative body (2), the magnetized ferromagnetic ceramic support (10), the ferromagnetic sheet or plate (9), and the laminated plasterboard (6).

[0053] Figure 5 shows an example of the appearance of the magnetic coating of the invention, applied to the side opposite the face where the decorative body goes on a ceramic piece.

[0054] Figure 6 shows the ceramic piece assembly from Figure 5, magnetically attached to a metal plate.

[0055] Figure 7 shows an example of the appearance of the magnetic coating of the invention, applied to the side opposite the decoration or face where the decorative body goes on a ceramic piece.

[0056] Figure 8 shows the ceramic piece assembly of Figure 6, magnetically attached to a metal plate.

[0057] Figure 9 shows the piece already pressed with the atomized A (11) on the top and the atomized / steel mixture (12) on the bottom, coated on its back with a digitally decorated standard ceramic enamel or glaze (2).

[0058] Figure 10 shows an aspect of a magnetic ceramic piece from Figure 9 adhered to a sheet of the magnetic vinyl material, after it has been fired.

[0059] Figure 11 shows the whole magnetic ceramic piece, which as an example in this case is circular, magnetically adhered to an iron plate, which has already been pressed with the atomized composition of table 2 and table 3, and has been subjected to firing, and its subsequent magnetization by means of electromagnetic plates with capacitor discharge magnetizers and with polar pitch.

[0060] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0061] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure, the invention will be described in more detail below, through various embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0062] The cladding structure can be adhered by magnetic fixation to the magnetic or metal sheet, preferably a sheet of magnetic vinyl material adhered to the surface of the laminated plasterboard or any other type of structural material / base such as iron, wood, plastic plates, as well as sandwich panels made of extruded polystyrene (XPS) or coated with fiberglass, inorganic salts and / or concrete that have been designed and / or compositionally modified to present both hard and soft ferromagnetic properties.The cladding structure of the invention and the magnetic adhesion system allow the panels to be held to walls and floors by means of magnetic adhesion, such that it is possible to install or remove the cladding pieces quickly and cleanly, both during the first installation and in subsequent replacements, restitutions, substitutions or substitutions, which generates a considerable saving of working hours and money necessary for the installation and placement of these pieces.

[0063] The coating on the support remains unchanged over time and maintains its original appearance, allowing the reuse of the cladding pieces and preventing them from breaking during dismantling. This means that no debris or waste is generated, nor are polluting gases generated by their transport.

[0064] The coatings maintain their original appearance, both when installed and when dismantled or removed, allowing the reuse of the coating pieces and preventing breakage, unlike what occurs conventionally.

[0065] The assembly of the structure of the invention allows for environmental friendliness, since, by avoiding breakages, the generation of debris is avoided, as well as the generation of polluting gases that would have been emitted by the machinery necessary to transport such debris to the landfill.

[0066] In this magnetic adhesion system for coated parts, unlike those existing in the state of the art, the use of interfaces is not necessary in order to adhere the ferromagnetic material and the substrate.

[0067] PREFERRED ACHIEVEMENTS

[0068] According to particular embodiments, the following are used to prepare and obtain the coating of the invention: between 20% and 87%, according to more particular embodiments between 45% and 85%, of the group of ferromagnetic inorganic materials described above, between 10% and 50%, preferably 20% and 50% of polymeric materials described above and between 0.1% and 20%, preferably between 1% and 12% of solvents (including water) and other additives with respect to the total weight of the coating.

[0069] For the preparation of this preferred application, a hybrid organic / inorganic mixture is prepared capable of adhering to the support, in this case a non-porous or low-porosity ceramic substrate, providing it with magnetic properties.

[0070] According to additional particular embodiments, preferably between 50% and 80% of magnetic materials, between 5% and 20% of polymeric materials together with the additives are used, in quantities of between 0% and 4% with respect to the resulting aqueous dispersion.

[0071] The mixture of these organic-inorganic materials is carried out by stirring and / or grinding, for a period of between 1 minute and 300 minutes, for example, between 1 minute and 20 minutes, depending on the proportions, required granulometry and total quantity of the mixture.

[0072] The suspension resulting from the previous mixture is conditioned theologically and applied on a support, such as previously fired porcelain stoneware, obtaining a ferromagnetic layer with adequate adhesion.

[0073] Density and viscosity are the most important parameters for glaze suspensions. The values ​​these parameters must meet will depend directly on the specific glaze application system used in each particular case, but in any case, they must be sufficient to ensure the production of a consolidated layer of dry glaze with suitable characteristics.

[0074] In the present invention, the resulting suspension preferably has density values ​​between 1.65 and 2.3 g / cm 3 , depending on its application method, and according to other particular embodiments, it has density values ​​between 1.85 and 2.3 g / cm 3 .

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, this application of the coating on the support can be carried out at the exit of the oven or previously heated, at a temperature between 80 °C and 150 °C, with a drying time between 5 and 15 seconds.

[0076] According to particular embodiments, for the preparation and obtaining of the coating of the invention the following is used: between 20% and 87%, according to more particular embodiments between 45% and 85%, of the group of ferromagnetic inorganic materials previously described, between 10% and 50% preferably 20 and 50% of polymeric materials previously described with respect to the total weight of the coating.

[0077] For the preparation of this preferred application, a hybrid organic / inorganic mixture is prepared capable of adhering to the support, in this case a non-porous or low-porosity ceramic substrate, providing it with magnetic properties.

[0078] According to further particular embodiments, between 50% and 80% of magnetic materials and between 5% and 20% of polymeric materials are preferably used.

[0079] The mixing of these organic-inorganic materials is carried out by dry stirring, for a period between 1 minute and 300 minutes, for example, between 1 minute and 20 minutes.

[0080] The resulting mixture is applied to a support, such as previously fired porcelain stoneware, to which pressure and temperature are applied to form the ferromagnetic coating.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, this application of the coating on the support can be carried out at the exit of the oven or previously heated, at a temperature between 80 °C and 250 °C, obtaining a ferromagnetic layer, with adequate adhesion.

[0082] The application methods for the ferromagnetic coating of the invention will be determined by the characteristics of the substrate to which it is applied. It can be applied using conventional methods on an enameling line, such as hood / drawer application. In the hood, the enamel is pumped from the container to a tank located above the hood. This tank allows the suspension to fall by gravity onto the surface of the hood, forming a continuous curtain that is deposited on the desired substrate.

[0083] It is also susceptible to being applied using other techniques known in the field of the ceramic industry, such as digital printing, application using rollers, or using airless techniques.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the necessary curing / drying techniques after the coating application can be coupled to the industrial application line, joining the support and the coating into a single body, which is the coating structure as such.

[0085] According to particular embodiments, for the preparation and obtaining of the support with magnetic properties between 55% and 98%, preferably between 65% and 95% of atomized powder, between 10% and 50%, preferably 13% and 30% of ferromagnetic materials and between 1-10% of other inorganic materials with respect to the total weight of the support.

[0086] The pressing of the materials is carried out in industrial presses at pressures between 300 and 500 kg / cm 2 , preferably between 320 and 400 kg / cm 2

[0087] Heat treatment is carried out in industrial firing cycles lasting between 30 and 90 minutes at temperatures between 700 and 1220°C. After heat treatment, the substrate has a dark appearance with magnetic properties under the influence of an external magnetic field.

[0088] In another preferred embodiment to the industrial application techniques described, a system and / or several systems capable of producing a permanent magnetization of the coating with high magnetic permeability particles can be coupled.

[0089] The magnetic adhesion system of the invention has the advantages that:

[0090] • It is a reversible, simple, and fast installation that is environmentally sustainable (it reduces debris, transportation, fuel and energy consumption, etc.).

[0091] • eliminates hours of work, noise, dust, debris.

[0092] • reduces transport of debris, as well as the inconvenience associated with traditional ceramic installation.

[0093] • contributes environmentally to the reduction of CO2 emissions, mitigating the environmental impact and reducing waste.

[0094] • Increases energy efficiency, thanks to the tightness provided by one of its installation models, improving the waterproofing and thermal and acoustic insulation of the building.

[0095] • It is ideal for achieving the environmental quality of buildings with VERDE, LEED and BREEAM certifications, as well as passive house energy efficiency standards.

[0096] • It has earthquake-resistant features (provides safety in the event of catastrophes such as earthquakes and other seismic movements.)

[0097] • reduces human error by industrializing the system.

[0098] • ensures greater safety and hygiene at work, having a positive impact on human health.

[0099] • benefits the economy due to the speed and cleanliness of any public or private activity.

[0100] • promotes the circular economy by allowing the reuse of the material obtained with the invention.

[0101] Tests conducted with the inventive system, following current regulations, have confirmed the excellent durability, adhesion, and resistance to various factors presented by the new magnetic coating - or enamel. The system is also completely harmless to both electronic devices and people with pacemakers.

[0102] The ferromagnetic coating of the present invention improves upon prior techniques based on a soft ferromagnetic coating and / or a hard and / or soft sheet, allowing for greater magnetic performance. Furthermore, in some preferred embodiments, the sheet-holding interface is eliminated, resulting in a single body, allowing for the formation of special, non-flat surfaces while maintaining their exterior appearance unchanged.

[0103] The ferromagnetic coating of the present invention allows the optimization of industrial processes by eliminating parts of the process.

[0104] The ferromagnetic coating of the present invention allows to increase the mechanical resistance of a part.

[0105] In another preferred embodiment, the ferromagnetic coating of the present invention can be used for the installation of any other type of coating or finishes such as textile panels, PVC, decorative paper, carpets, rugs, mirrors, accessories, paintings and other decorative or structural elements used in construction, glass curtain walls, facades, connection or joining of floors and structures, industrialized construction, etc.

[0106] In another preferred embodiment, the present invention can be used in the manufacture of furniture, household goods, textiles, and industrial processes for pre-assembly or assembly.

[0107] The system described in this invention has the potential to be used for the generation of electrical energy using the principles of triboelectricity and piezoelectricity.

[0108] The installation of ceramic pieces incorporating the developed ferromagnetic coating will allow for a simple, functional, and environmentally friendly replacement system. EXAMPLES

[0109] Example 1: Hard ferromagnetic coating by bell application

[0110] Consider Figure 3, the wall and floor cladding structure, which features a decorative support or body, such as a ceramic glaze, and a hard ferromagnetic coating, approximately 0.7 mm thick. This cladding structure is fixed by magnetic adhesion to a metal sheet, which in this case is a metallic iron plate.

[0111] The support or decorative body can be ceramic in nature, or it can be of a different nature, as explained above.

[0112] The ferromagnetic coating of the invention was applied to the back of a previously fired 10x10 cm ceramic tile with the corresponding coating, in this case a ceramic glaze. The application was carried out using a glaze application hood.

[0113] The ferromagnetic coating was an inorganic-organic hybrid, presenting a density of 2.17 g / cm 3 a viscosity of 35 seconds (4 mm Ford cup) and the applied weight was 1000 g / m 2 .

[0114] The coating was dried by heating using infrared lamps on a 10x10 cm axially polarized magnet placed under the decorated face of the piece.

[0115] The drying and hardening time for this coating was around 120 seconds.

[0116] Subsequently, the magnetization was carried out using electromagnetic plates coupled to capacitor discharge magnetizers, with a pole pitch of 5 mm.

[0117] Example 2: Hard ferromagnetic coating dry application

[0118] Considering Figure 3, the wall and floor cladding structure features a support or decorative body, such as a ceramic glaze, and a hard ferromagnetic coating, approximately 1 mm thick. This cladding structure is fixed by magnetic adhesion to a metal sheet, which in this case is a metallic iron plate. The support or decorative body can be ceramic or of a different nature, as explained above.

[0119] The ferromagnetic coating of the invention was applied to the back of a 10x10 cm ceramic tile, previously fired with the corresponding coating, in this case a ceramic glaze. The powder coating was applied using a granulator.

[0120] The ferromagnetic coating was an inorganic-organic hybrid and required temperatures between 120 and 200 °C and the application of pressure for proper formation and adhesion of the film to the ceramic substrate.

[0121] The powder was applied using a granulator and was applied to a 10x10 cm axially polarized magnet, placed under the decorated face of the piece.

[0122] Subsequently, heat treatment and pressure were applied using infrared lamps and a polished stainless steel roller.

[0123] Subsequently, the magnetization was carried out using electromagnetic plates coupled to capacitor discharge magnetizers, with a 3mm pole pitch.

[0124] Figure 7 shows the appearance of the magnetic coating, applied to the side opposite the decoration. Figure 8 shows the entire part magnetically adhered to an iron plate.

[0125] Example 3: Soft magnetic support

[0126] For the production of the support with soft ferromagnetic properties, the raw materials are included as shown in Table 1.

[0127] Table 1. Raw materials used to obtain the magnetic support

[0128] The approximate percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of the spray A is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Approximate percentage by weight of equivalent oxides of the spray used

[0129] A 10x10 cm ceramic piece was pressed at a pressure of 350 Kg / cm 2 with 70% of the atomized A (7) in the upper part and 30% of the mixture with an atomized / steel ratio (8) shown in Table 1, in the lower part of the piece. The back was then coated with a standard ceramic glaze (2) for porcelain temperature and digitally decorated. Figure 9 schematizes the parts of this ceramic piece.

[0130] The obtained pieces were fired in a single-channel roller kiln in a 50-minute cycle at a maximum temperature of 1200 °C for 5 minutes.

[0131] Referring to Figure 10, the appearance of the magnetic piece adhered to a sheet of the magnetic vinyl material is shown.

[0132] Example 4: Hard magnetic support For the production of the support with hard ferromagnetic properties, the raw materials are included as shown in Table 3.

[0133] Table 3. Raw materials used to obtain the hard magnetic support

[0134] The approximate weight percentage of equivalent oxides of spray-dried clay A is shown in Table 2. The approximate weight percentage of equivalent oxides of clay B is shown in Table 4. Table 4. Approximate weight percentage of equivalent oxides of clay B used

[0135] A circular ceramic piece with a diameter of 5.5 cm was pressed at a pressure of 350 kg / cm 2 the composition 70% of the atomized with the composition of table 2 at the top and 30% of the composition shown in table 3, at the bottom of the piece.

[0136] The obtained pieces were fired in a single-channel roller kiln in a 50-minute cycle at a maximum temperature of 1200 °C for 5 minutes.

[0137] Subsequently, the magnetization was carried out using electromagnetic plates coupled to capacitor discharge magnetizers, with a 5mm pole pitch.

[0138] Figure 11 shows the entire ceramic piece, which in this case is circular, magnetically attached to an iron plate and which has been made based on this example.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts, characterized in that it comprises: - a polymer or a dispersion of a polymer (thermoplastic or thermosetting), - an inorganic material, - solvent and other additives.

2. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - an inorganic material with magnetic properties selected from: permanent hands; and - an inorganic material of metallic nature, selected from:

3. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an organic component.

4. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an organic component, which is a polymer selected from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Teflon (or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sodium polyacrylate (PANa), potassium polyacrylate (PAK) and polyamide, 5. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises selected materials 6. Coating with magnetic properties for coating parts according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises cobalt oxides (CoO, CO3O4), manganese fluoride (MnF), metallic nickel or nickel aluminum cobalt alloys (AINiCo), metallic iron, steel.

7. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises percentages between 40 and 85%, preferably between 50% and 80% of magnetic materials, between 10% and 50%, preferably 20% and 50% of polymeric materials, between 0.1 and 15%, preferably between 1% and 9% of solvents and 5% of other additives with respect to the total weight of the coating.

8. Support with magnetic properties for cladding pieces characterized in that it comprises, firstly, a decorative body, secondly, the coating according to any of the preceding claims, and thirdly: - atomized powder, - an inorganic material or materials, - other components.

9. Support with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises an inorganic material with magnetic properties selected from:

10. Support with magnetic properties for coating parts according to claim 8, comprising between 65% and 95% of atomized powder and between 3% and 30% of ferromagnetic materials relative to the total weight of the support.

11. Cladding structure comprising the support with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to any of the preceding claims.

12. Coating structure according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises the coating defined in any one of the preceding claims adhered to a support.

13. Cladding structure according to claim 12, characterized in that the support is selected from metals, plastics, wood, papers, tiles, natural and imitation wood, mirrors, natural fibers, natural stone, textiles, ceramic substrates, non-porous ceramic substrates, marbles, plasterboards, concrete, polished microcement, and polyurethane panels.

14. A magnetic adhesion system for coating parts comprising: the coating structure defined in claim 11, formed by the support and the ferromagnetic coating defined in one of claims 1 to 10.

15. Use of the coating with magnetic properties or the coating pieces according to any of the preceding claims, for furniture.

16. Use of the coating with magnetic properties or the cladding pieces according to any of the preceding claims for textile panels, PVC, decorative paper, carpets, rugs, mirrors, accessories, paintings, glass curtain walls, facades, connection or joining of floors and structures.

23. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding pieces according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a two-component polyurethane resin mixed with ferromagnetic material and a catalyst for its hardening, applied to the back of the cladding piece, using an application that accelerates drying by means of thermal aid.

24. Method of applying a coating with magnetic properties according to claim 23, characterized in that the coating piece is advanced with the rib face downwards in an application machine, allowing rapid solidification and development of the magnetic properties by means of thermal aid.

25. Coating with magnetic properties for cladding parts according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fluid magnetic system that, once solidified, develops magnetic properties, and may be composed of ferromagnetic inorganic material, graphene or carbon-derived structures, allowing the application of various coatings on vertical and horizontal surfaces.

26. Method of applying a coating with magnetic properties according to claim 25, characterized in that it reduces labor costs and increases safety in handling.

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