Antenna module operating in circular polarization

Abstract

This antenna module operating in circular polarization comprises: a transparent substrate; a conductive ground region formed in a first ring shape on a first surface of the transparent substrate; a conductive patch region disposed on a second surface of the transparent substrate, the second surface being opposite to the first surface and corresponding to the inner region of the conductive ground region, so as to be spaced apart from the inside of the conductive ground region; first patterns extending to the inner side of the conductive ground region; and second patterns extending to the outer side of the conductive patch region. Portions of the first patterns and the second patterns overlap each other. The overlapping regions are formed in the vicinity of the conductive ground region.

Description

Antenna module operating with circular polarization

[0001] The present specification relates to an antenna module operating in circular polarization. Particular embodiments relate to a planar circular polarization antenna module implemented on a substrate and a vehicle having the same.

[0002] Vehicles can perform wireless communication services with other vehicles, surrounding objects, infrastructure, or base stations. In this regard, various communication services can be provided through wireless communication systems utilizing LTE or 5G communication technologies. Meanwhile, some LTE frequency bands may be allocated to provide 5G communication services. Additionally, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna configured to perform satellite communications may be installed on the vehicle.

[0003] Since the antenna must point towards the satellite and receive signals at any angle, the location where the antenna is attached may be a car body made of a molded material other than glass or metal with a gentle angle.

[0004] Meanwhile, a radiation pattern for an antenna with semi-spherical circular polarization for satellite signal reception must be implemented. Because satellite signals must be received from any direction, a radiation pattern with wide coverage is required. In this regard, a beam coverage of ±75 degrees of field of view (FoV) may be required. Due to the diffraction characteristics of satellite signals, circular polarization (CP) is required, and the axial ratio is a critical factor in CP gain.

[0005] Meanwhile, an ultra-thin circular polarization (CP) antenna is required for antenna implementation on a film or transparent substrate. In this regard, the antenna needs to be implemented on a thin flexible or transparent substrate to attach it to a vehicle body other than glass or metal. Conventional antennas achieve low-elevation performance due to the height of the antenna and the ground plane. However, ultra-thin antennas have the issue of difficulty in achieving low-elevation performance because the antenna and the ground plane are located almost on the same plane. Therefore, we propose a planar antenna structure that can achieve low-elevation performance with an ultra-thin antenna that can be placed on a vehicle window.

[0006] In addition, it is necessary to identify the influence of glass or dielectric, which corresponds to the attachment material to which the antenna module is attached, and design an antenna structure that can easily optimize performance according to the influence of glass or dielectric.

[0007] The purpose of this specification is to provide a planar circular polarization antenna module implemented on a substrate and a vehicle equipped with the same.

[0008] The purpose of this specification is to address the issue that it is difficult to implement low-altitude angle performance in ultra-thin antennas because the antenna and the ground plane are located almost on the same plane.

[0009] The purpose of this specification is to propose an antenna structure design that is easy to optimize performance depending on the influence of glass or dielectric.

[0010] The purpose of this specification is to propose an antenna structure that is easy to optimize for changes in antenna performance depending on the type, properties, size, etc. of the skin attachment material.

[0011] An antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification comprises: a transparent substrate; a conductive ground region formed in a first ring shape on a first surface of the transparent substrate; a conductive patch region disposed on a second surface of the transparent substrate, the second surface corresponding to an inner region of the conductive ground region and spaced apart from an inner side of the conductive ground region and opposite the first surface; first patterns formed to extend toward an inner surface of the conductive ground region; and second patterns formed to extend toward an outer surface of the conductive patch region. Portions of the first patterns and the second patterns are formed to overlap each other. The overlapping regions are formed near the conductive ground region. The first patterns and the second patterns form a plurality of connection patterns that are electrically coupled. A first connection pattern and a second connection pattern among the plurality of connection patterns are formed at a first angle. A second connection pattern and a third connection pattern among the connection patterns are formed at a second angle. Among the above connection patterns, the angles of the third connection pattern and the fourth connection pattern are formed at the same angle as the first angle. The fourth connection pattern and the first connection pattern are formed at the same angle as the second angle. One of the first angle and the second angle is an angle less than 90 degrees, and the other is an angle greater than 90 degrees.

[0012] According to an embodiment, the antenna module may further include a second ring-shaped conductive guide ring formed to surround the conductive ground region. An inner radius of the conductive guide ring may be formed to be larger than an outer radius of the conductive ground region.

[0013] The technical effects of the antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification can be summarized as follows, but are not limited thereto.

[0014] According to the present specification, a planar circular polarization antenna module implemented in an ultra-thin form on a substrate and a vehicle equipped with the same can be provided.

[0015] According to the present specification, an ultra-thin antenna can solve the issue of difficulty in implementing low-altitude angle performance due to the antenna and ground plane being located almost on the same plane through a parallel capacitor structure between metal patterns.

[0016] According to the present specification, when a planar circular polarization antenna module is attached to glass or a dielectric, an antenna structure design that facilitates performance optimization according to the influence of glass or a dielectric can be proposed.

[0017] The purpose of this specification is to propose an antenna structure that is easy to optimize for changes in antenna performance, especially changes in resonant frequency, depending on the type and properties of the attachment material, such as permittivity, dielectric loss, size, and thickness.

[0018] Further scope of the applicability of this specification will become apparent from the detailed description below. However, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this specification will become apparent to those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, such as preferred embodiments, are given by way of example only.

[0019] Figure 1 shows a configuration of a vehicle in which a vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization is placed on the front or rear window of the vehicle.

[0020] Figure 2a illustrates multiple frequency bands in relation to a vehicle GNSS antenna.

[0021] Figure 2b shows polarization characteristics related to a GNSS antenna for a vehicle.

[0022] Figure 3 shows a side view of a vehicle antenna module formed on the first and second surfaces of a transparent substrate and a vehicle antenna module formed on the second surface of the transparent substrate.

[0023] Figure 4 shows a plan view of a vehicle antenna formed on the first and second surfaces of a transparent substrate.

[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates metal patterns arranged on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate of the vehicle antenna module of FIG. 4.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the angle between adjacent stubs and the spacing between metal patterns of the vehicle antenna module of FIG. 5, and an enlarged view of a certain area.

[0026] Figure 7 shows a plan view of an antenna module in which slot regions are formed in a conductive ground region.

[0027] Figure 8 is a plan view and a drawing showing the polarization direction of an antenna module having a feed stub.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in an antenna module having the feed stub of FIG. 8.

[0029] Figure 10 is a plan view and a drawing showing the polarization direction of an antenna module in which the first to fourth stubs are formed at an angle of 90 degrees.

[0030] FIG. 11 is a drawing showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in an antenna module in which the first to fourth stubs of FIG. 10 are formed at an angle of 90 degrees.

[0031] FIG. 12 is a plan view and a polarization direction diagram of an antenna module in which the first and second stubs are formed at a first angle less than 90 degrees and the second and third stubs are formed at a second angle greater than 90 degrees.

[0032] Figure 13 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module of Figure 12.

[0033] FIG. 14 is a plan view and a drawing showing the polarization direction of an antenna module in which the first and second stubs are formed at a first angle greater than 90 degrees and the second and third stubs are formed at a second angle less than 90 degrees.

[0034] Figure 15 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module of Figure 14.

[0035] Figure 16 shows a side view of an antenna module attached to a skin attachment.

[0036] Figure 17 is a graph showing changes in the resonant frequency and axial ratio of an antenna module depending on the material of the skin attachment.

[0037] Figure 18 shows a front view of the radiation pattern of an antenna module placed on a glass panel and the radiation patterns on the YZ plane and the XZ plane.

[0038] Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in this specification will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing numbers, identical or similar components will be given the same reference numbers and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and "part" used for components in the following description are assigned or used interchangeably only for the convenience of writing the specification, and do not in themselves have distinct meanings or roles. In addition, when describing the embodiments disclosed in this specification, if it is determined that a specific description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the attached drawings are only intended to facilitate easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and the technical ideas disclosed in this specification are not limited by the attached drawings, and should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0039] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another.

[0040] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0041] Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0042] In this application, terms such as “include” or “have” are intended to specify the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part or combination thereof described in the specification, but should be understood not to exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0043] The vehicle antenna described herein can be mounted on a vehicle. The configuration and operation according to the embodiments described herein can also be applied to a vehicle-mounted communication system, i.e., a vehicle antenna. In this regard, a vehicle-mounted antenna may include multiple antennas and a transceiver circuit and processor that control the antennas.

[0044] Hereinafter, an antenna assembly (antenna module) that can be placed on a vehicle window according to the present specification and a vehicle antenna including the antenna assembly are described. In this regard, the antenna assembly refers to a structure in which conductive patterns are combined on a dielectric substrate, and may also be referred to as an antenna module.

[0045] In this regard, Fig. 1 shows a configuration of a vehicle in which a vehicle antenna module operating with circular polarization is placed on the front windshield or rear windshield of the vehicle.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 1, an antenna module (1000) that operates in circular polarization may be placed on a front windshield (310) or a rear windshield (330) of a vehicle. The antenna module (1000) formed on a transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a transparent antenna. The transparent substrate (1010) may be electrically connected to an opaque substrate (1010b). The antenna module (1000) may be electrically connected to a TCU (300) via a coaxial cable (100c). If the coaxial cable (100c) is connected to a metal pattern of the transparent substrate (1010), it may be implemented without an opaque substrate.

[0047] A vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification is described. Meanwhile, the vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification can be implemented as a single dielectric substrate on the same plane as a CPW feeder. In addition, a wideband transparent antenna structure that can be placed on a vehicle glass according to the present specification can be implemented as a structure in which grounds are formed on both sides of a radiator to form a wideband structure. The vehicle wideband transparent antenna can include an antenna module configured to perform 4G wireless communication and 5G wireless communication. In addition, the vehicle wideband transparent antenna can include a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna configured to provide location services.

[0048] Hereinafter, a vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization is described in this specification. In this regard, FIG. 2a illustrates multiple frequency bands in relation to a vehicle GNSS antenna. FIG. 2b illustrates polarization characteristics in relation to a vehicle GNSS antenna.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 2A, the frequency band in which the vehicle GNSS antenna operates may include a first frequency band corresponding to the L1 band and a second frequency band corresponding to the L5 band. The first frequency band corresponding to the L1 band may be set to 1559.0 to 1605.9 MHz. The first frequency band may include an L1 band associated with GPS. The first frequency band may include an L1 band associated with GLONASS. The second frequency band corresponding to the L5 band may be set to 1164 MHz to 1188 MHz. The second frequency band may include an L5 band associated with GPS.

[0050] An antenna assembly implemented as a GNSS antenna for a vehicle may be configured to have dual-band resonance to operate in a first frequency band and a second frequency band. The antenna assembly implemented as a GNSS antenna for a vehicle may be configured to operate with circular polarization. The antenna assembly may be configured to operate with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP).

[0051] Referring to Fig. 2b(a), a signal formed in a vehicular GNSS antenna can propagate in the z-axis direction. Referring to Figs. 2b(a) to 2b(c), a signal formed in a vehicular GNSS antenna can be formed to have a circular polarization whose electric field direction rotates on the x-axis and y-axis. Referring to Figs. 2b(a) and 2b(c), a signal formed in a vehicular GNSS antenna can be formed to have even-hand circular polarization (RHCP) on the x-axis and y-axis and propagate in the z-axis direction. A signal formed in a vehicular GNSS antenna can be expressed as in Mathematical Expression 1.

[0052]

[0053] A signal with right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) can be formed by A=B in Equation 1 and a phase difference of 90 degrees. A signal with left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) can be formed by A=B in Equation 1 and a phase difference of -90 degrees. The maximum value of |E| in Equation 1 (|E| max ) and minimum value (|E| min ) can be defined as the axial ratio (AR) as in mathematical equation 2.

[0054]

[0055] Referring to Equations 1 and 2, and FIG. 2b(d), if A and B have different values, the signal formed from the vehicle GNSS antenna can be configured to have an elliptical polarization. The circularly polarized signal needs to be formed at a specific level, for example, 3 dB or 6 dB or less, in the ceiling direction on the plane where the vehicle antenna is placed. The antenna gain needs to be formed at a specific level, for example, -3 dBic or less, in the 45 degree range based on 0 degrees in the ceiling direction.

[0056] A vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification is described. In this regard, FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of a vehicle antenna module formed on a first side and a second side of a transparent substrate and a vehicle antenna module formed on the second side of the transparent substrate.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 3(a), a vehicle antenna module (1000) may be formed as a double-sided structure in which metal patterns are disposed on both layers (both sides) of a transparent substrate (1010). A conductive patch region (1100) and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be disposed on a first side (first layer) of the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive ground region (1100g) may be disposed on a second side (second layer) of the transparent substrate (1010). A coaxial cable (100c) may be disposed on the second side (second layer) of the transparent substrate (1010).

[0058] Referring to FIG. 3(b), a vehicle antenna module (1000b) may be formed in a cross-sectional structure in which a metal pattern is disposed on one layer (one side) of a transparent substrate (1010). A conductive patch region (1100), a conductive ground region (1100g), and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be disposed on a second side (second layer) of the transparent substrate (1010). A coaxial cable (100c) may be disposed on the second side (second layer) of the transparent substrate (1010).

[0059] FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of a vehicle antenna formed on the first and second surfaces of a transparent substrate. Referring to FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 4, a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive ground region (1100g), and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be arranged on the first surface (La1) of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be arranged on the first surface (La1) of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be arranged on the second surface (La2) of the transparent substrate (1010).

[0060] A slit or slot may be added inside the conductive patch region (1100) to improve the axial ratio and gain characteristics. A stub, slit or slot may be added between the conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g) to improve the impedance matching, axial ratio and gain characteristics. A stub, slit or slot may be added between the conductive ground region (1100g) and the conductive guide ring (1100r). In addition, the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be connected or coupled to the conductive ground region (1100g) through a vertical via or stub, etc.

[0061] The metal patterns arranged on the first surface (La1) and the second surface (La2) of the transparent substrate (1010) can be configured to radiate linearly polarized or circularly polarized signals by means of a connection pattern structure connected to a predetermined position. In this regard, the connection pattern (1100c) can be configured to include a first connection pattern (1110c), a second connection pattern (1120c), a third connection pattern (1130), and a fourth connection pattern (1140c).

[0062] The first connection pattern (1110c) may include a first stub (SB1) extending from a first point of the conductive patch region (1100), a fifth stub (SB5) extending from a first point of the conductive ground region (1100g), and a first slot region (SR1). The first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) may overlap by an overlapping length in a first direction, which is the X-axis direction. The second connection pattern (1120c) may include a second stub (SB2) extending from a second point of the conductive patch region (1100), and a sixth stub (SB6) extending from a second point of the conductive ground region (1100g). The second stub (SB2) and the sixth stub (SB6) may overlap by an overlapping length in a second direction that is rotated by a first angle in the X-axis direction.

[0063] The third connection pattern (1120c) may include a third stub (SB3) extending from a third point of the conductive patch area (1100) and a sixth stub (SB6) extending from a third point of the conductive ground area (1100g). The third stub (SB3) and the seventh stub (SB7) may overlap by an overlapping length in a third direction rotated by a second angle in the second direction. The second connection pattern (1140c) may include a fourth stub (SB4) extending from a fourth point of the conductive patch area (1100) and a sixth stub (SB6) extending from a fourth point of the conductive ground area (1100g). The fourth stub (SB4) and the sixth stub (SB6) may overlap by an overlapping length in a fourth direction rotated by a first angle in the third direction.

[0064] Meanwhile, FIG. 5 illustrates metal patterns disposed on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate of the vehicle antenna module of FIG. 4. FIG. 5(a) illustrates a conductive patch region (1100) and a conductive patch region (1100r) disposed on the first surface (La1) of the transparent substrate (1010) of the antenna module. The conductive patch region (1100) may include first to fourth stubs (SB1) to (SB4) extending from different points on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100).

[0065] FIG. 5(b) illustrates a conductive ground region (1100g) disposed on a second surface (La2) of a transparent substrate (1010) of an antenna module. The conductive ground region (1100g) may be electrically separated by a fifth stub (SB5) operating as a power supply stub and a first slot region (SR1). The conductive ground region (1100g) may include sixth stubs (SB6) to eighth stubs (SB8) extending from different points on the circumference of the conductive ground region (1100g). A signal line (110c) of a coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the fifth stub (SB5) of the first slot region (SR1) of the conductive ground region (1100g). A ground line (120c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0066] Meanwhile, FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the angle between adjacent stubs and the spacing between metal patterns of the vehicle antenna module of FIG. 5, and an enlarged view of a certain area. FIG. 6 (a) is a drawing showing the angle between adjacent stubs and the spacing between metal patterns of the vehicle antenna module (1000) of FIG. 5.

[0067] Referring to FIGS. 4 to 6(a), the conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a circular shape having a radius (Rp) smaller than the inner radius of the conductive ground region (1100g). The conductive patch region (1100) is not limited to a circular shape and may be formed in a polygonal shape larger than a square or a hexagon. The conductive ground region (1100g) is also not limited to a circular shape and may be formed in a polygonal shape larger than a square or a hexagon. The direction of the circular polarization, the axial ratio, may be controlled by the first angle (α1) between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3).

[0068] Fig. 6(b) is an enlarged view of the A region overlapped by the second and sixth stubs of Fig. 6(a). The boundary of the conductive patch region (1100) and the inner boundary of the conductive ground region (1100g) can be spaced apart by a first gap (Gg). The resonant frequency of the antenna module can be adjusted by the radius (Rp) of the conductive patch region (1100) and the first gap (Gg) between the conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0069] The second stub (SB2) and the sixth stub (SB6) may be arranged to overlap in the same direction on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate. The second stub (SB2) and the sixth stub (SB6) may be formed with a first width (W1). The second stub (SB2) may be spaced apart from the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g) by a second gap (Wc1). In this regard, the resonant frequency of the antenna module may be adjusted by a capacitance value determined by the gap between the inner boundary of the conductive ground region (1100g) and the second stub (SB2). The resonant frequency of the antenna module may be adjusted by the product of the first width (W1) and the second gap (Wc1) to the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0070] Fig. 6(c) is an enlarged view of the B region overlapped by the first and fifth stubs of Fig. 6(a). The first stub (SB1) may be formed with a first width (W1). The first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) may be arranged to overlap in the same direction on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate. The first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) may be arranged to overlap in the same direction on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate with an overlapping length (W FC1 ) can be arranged to overlap each other. The impedance matching of the antenna module can be achieved by the overlapping area of ​​the first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate. The first width (W1) of the first stub (SB1) and the overlapping length (W) of the first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) FC1 ) can be used to achieve impedance matching of the antenna module. In addition, the gain of the antenna module can be adjusted (optimized) by the third gap (Gr) between the conductive ground area (1100g) and the guide ring (1100r) and the width (Wr) of the guide ring (1100r).

[0071] Meanwhile, Fig. 7 illustrates a plan view of an antenna module in which slot regions are formed in a conductive ground region. In this regard, the antenna module (1000b) of Fig. 7 is not limited to the structure arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate of Fig. 3(b). The antenna module (1000) of Fig. 7 can also be applied to the structure arranged on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate of Fig. 3(a).

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 7, the antenna module (1000) may include a plurality of metal patterns disposed on a first surface and a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010). The antenna module (1000) includes a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive guide ring (1100r) disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010), and a conductive ground region (1100g) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape having a square shape, a hexagonal shape, or a larger shape. The conductive patch region (1100) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) to a fourth stub (SB4). A first slot region (SR1) to a fourth slot region (SR4) may be formed in the conductive ground region (1100g) such that the protruding first stub (SB1) to the fourth stub (SB4) partially overlap with the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0073] Referring to FIG. 3(b) and FIG. 7, the antenna module (1000b) may include a plurality of metal patterns disposed on a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010). The antenna module (1000b) includes a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive ground region (1100g), and a conductive guide ring (1100r) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape having a square or hexagonal shape or larger. The conductive patch region (1100) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) to a fourth stub (SB4). A first slot region (SR1) to a fourth slot region (SR4) may be formed in the conductive ground region (1100g) so that the protruding first stubs (SB1) to the fourth stubs (SB4) are electrically isolated from the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0074] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, a vehicle antenna module (1000, 1000b) operating in circular polarization according to the present specification will be described. The antenna module (1000, 1000b) may be configured to include a transparent substrate (1010), a conductive ground region (1100g), a conductive patch region (1100), and connection patterns (1100c). The antenna module (1000, 1000b) may further be configured to include a second ring-shaped conductive guide ring (1100r).

[0075] The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed in a first ring shape on the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be arranged in an inner region of the conductive ground region (1100g) so as to be spaced apart from the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). Accordingly, the conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed to surround the conductive patch region (1100).

[0076] The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed in a first ring shape on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive patch region (1100) may be formed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be arranged on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010), corresponding to the inner region of the conductive ground region (1100g), spaced apart from the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The connection patterns (1100c) may be composed of first patterns (SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8) and second patterns (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4).

[0077] The first patterns (SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8) may be formed to extend to the inner surface of the conductive ground region (1100g). The second patterns (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4) may be formed to extend to the outer surface of the conductive patch region (1100). Portions of the first patterns (SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8) and the second patterns (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4) may be formed to overlap each other. The overlapping regions may be formed near the conductive ground region (1100g). The first patterns (SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8) and the second patterns (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4) may form a plurality of connection patterns (1100c) that are electrically coupled.

[0078] A plurality of connection patterns (1100c) may be formed to extend inwardly from the conductive ground region (1100g) to the conductive patch region (1100) to form capacitances between the conductive ground region (1100g) and the conductive patch region (1100). The conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g) may be electromagnetically coupled by being spaced apart from each other by the connection patterns (1100c). The connection patterns (1100c) having an overlapping length in the same layer or different layers of the transparent substrate (1010) may be electromagnetically coupled in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g) may form a horizontal coupling structure by the connection patterns (1100c).

[0079] A plurality of connection patterns (1100c) may be formed in a partially overlapping structure to couple between a conductive ground region (1100g) and a conductive patch region (1100) in another layer. The connection patterns (1100c) may be formed spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval to couple between a conductive ground region (1100g) and a conductive patch region (1100) in the same layer. Accordingly, the connection patterns (1100c) may be referred to as a coupling structure, a capacitor structure, or a connection pattern structure.

[0080] Among the plurality of connection patterns (1100c), the first connection pattern (1110c) and the second connection pattern (1120c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a first angle (α1). Among the plurality of connection patterns (1100c), the second connection pattern (1120c) and the third connection pattern (1130c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a second angle (α2). Among the plurality of connection patterns (1100c), the angle between the third connection pattern (1130c) and the fourth connection pattern (1140c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by an angle equal to the first angle (α1). Among the plurality of connection patterns (1100c), the angle between the fourth connection pattern (1140c) and the first connection pattern (1110c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a second angle (α2).

[0081] In this regard, one of the first angle (α1) and the second angle (α2) may be an angle less than 90 degrees and the other may be an angle greater than 90 degrees. For example, the first angle (α1) may be formed as an angle less than 90 degrees and the second angle (α2) may be formed as an angle greater than 90 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may operate in right-handed circular polarization (RHCP). As another example, the first angle (α1) may be formed as an angle greater than 90 degrees and the second angle (α2) may be formed as an angle less than 90 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may operate in left-handed circular polarization (LHCP).

[0082] Meanwhile, the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed in a second ring shape to surround the conductive ground region (1100g). The inner radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the outer radius (Rg) of the conductive ground region (1100g). Referring to FIG. 3(a) and FIGS. 4 to 6, the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). When the conductive guide ring (1100r) is disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010), the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be implemented as a floating structure that is not electrically connected to the ground.

[0083] The conductive guide ring (1100r) may be disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010). When the conductive guide ring (1100r) is disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010), the current component formed in the conductive ground region (1100g) may be effectively coupled to the conductive guide ring (1100r). However, when the conductive guide ring (1100r) is disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010), the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be connected to the ground line (120c) of the coaxial cable (100c).

[0084] The radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive grounding area (1100g). The radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive patch area (1100). The radius of the conductive grounding area (1100g) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive patch area (1100).

[0085] Referring to FIG. 3(b) and FIG. 7, a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be disposed on a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010). When the conductive guide ring (1100r) is disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010), the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be connected to a ground line (120c) of a coaxial cable (100c). The radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive grounding area (1100g). The radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive patch area (1100). The radius of the conductive grounding area (1100g) may be formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive patch area (1100).

[0086] Meanwhile, the conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape larger than a hexagon. Referring to FIG. 3(a) and FIGS. 4 to 6, the first connection pattern (1110c) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) and a first slot region (SR1). The first stub (SB1) may be formed to extend from a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The first slot region (SR1) may be formed such that a metal pattern is removed from the conductive ground region (1100g). Accordingly, the first stub (SB1) may be arranged in the first slot region (SR1). A signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the first stub (SB1).

[0087] Meanwhile, one of the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a glass panel. A conductive ground region (1100g) and a coaxial cable (100c) may be arranged on the other of the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010). A signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the first stub (SB), and a ground line (110g) may be connected to the ground region (GR). Accordingly, a signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) and the first stub (SB1).

[0088] Referring to FIG. 3(b) and FIG. 7, the first connection pattern (1110c) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) and a ground region (GR). The first stub (SB1) may be formed to extend from a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The ground region (GR) may be formed to surround one side and the other side and the circumference of the first stub (SB1). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed with a first slot region (SR1) in which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from the ground region (GR). A signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the first stub (SB1).

[0089] Meanwhile, one of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a glass panel. A conductive ground region (1100g), a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive guide ring (1100c), and a coaxial cable (100c) may be arranged on the other of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010). A signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the first stub (SB), and a ground line (110g) may be connected to the ground region (GR). Accordingly, a signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) and the first stub (SB1).

[0090] Meanwhile, the second connection pattern (1120c) may be formed as a second stub (SB2) extending from a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The third connection pattern (1130c) may be formed as a third stub (SB3) extending from a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The fourth connection pattern (1140c) may be formed as a fourth stub (SB4) extending from a fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1). The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2).

[0091] In a structure in which the conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g) are arranged on the same layer, the capacitor structure of the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) and the conductive ground region (1100g) can be formed in a non-connected structure. In this regard, the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) of the conductive patch region (1100) can extend to protrude further than the inner surface of the conductive ground region (1100g). Accordingly, the second to fourth slot regions (SR2, SR3, SR4) can be formed in the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0092] The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed as a second slot region (SR2) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and an end portion of the second stub (SB2). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed as a second slot region (SR3) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and an end portion of the third stub (SB3). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed as a fourth slot region (SR4) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and an end portion of the fourth stub (SB4).

[0093] The ends of the second to fourth slot regions (SR2, SR3, SR4) and the ends of the second to fourth slot regions (SR2, SR3, SR4) may overlap to form connection patterns (1100c). The second to fourth slot regions (SR2, SR3, SR4) may correspond to the second patterns (SB6, SB7, SB8).

[0094] As described above, the antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification may be formed in a double-sided structure on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010). Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, a conductive patch region (1100) and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive ground region (1100g) may be arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape larger than a hexagon.

[0095] The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive patch region (1100) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1), a second stub (SB2), a third stub (SB3), and a fourth stub (SB4). The first stub (SB1) may be formed at a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a first direction in which a first connection pattern (1110c) is formed. The second stub (SB2) may be formed at a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a second direction in which a second connection pattern (1120c) is formed. The third stub (SB3) may be formed at a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a third direction in which a third connection pattern (1130c) is formed. The fourth stub (SB4) can be formed in a fourth direction in which the fourth connection pattern (1140c) is formed at the fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch area (1100).

[0096] A conductive ground region (1100g) disposed on a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive ground region (1100g) may be configured to include a fifth stub (SB5), a sixth stub (SB6), a seventh stub (SB7), and an eighth stub (SB8). The fifth stub (SB5) may be formed in a first direction to overlap the first stub (SB1) at a first point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The sixth stub (SB6) may be formed in a second direction to overlap the second stub (SB2) at a second point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The seventh stub (SB7) may be formed in a third direction to overlap the third stub (SB3) at a third point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The eighth stub (SB8) can be formed in the fourth direction to overlap the fourth stub (SB4) at the fourth point on the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0097] The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fifth stub (SB5) and the sixth stub (SB6) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the sixth stub (SB6) and the seventh stub (SB7) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or less.

[0098] The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the seventh stub (SB7) and the eighth stub (SB8) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the eighth stub (SB8) and the fifth stub (SB5) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more.

[0099] The second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with the same width and length. The first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed longer than the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) so ​​that impedance matching may be achieved depending on the power supply. In this regard, the first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a first width (W1) and a first length (L1). The second to fourth stubs (SB2) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with the same second width (W1) and second length (L2). The second length (L2) of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) may be formed to be longer than the first length (L1) of the first stub (SB1). In this regard, the capacitance value may be maintained constant between the overlapping stubs between the first and second surfaces. The first length (L1) of the first stub (SB1) overlapping with the fifth stub (SB5) having the second width (W2) wider than the first width (W1) may be formed to be shorter than the second length (L2).

[0100] The fifth stub (SB5) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a second width (W2) that is wider than the first width (W1). The fifth stub (SB5) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a third length (L3) that is shorter than the first length (L1). The sixth to eighth stubs (SB6) to (SB8) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a fourth length (L4) that is shorter than the first width (W1) and the second length (L2). The fourth length (L4) of the sixth to eighth stubs (SB6) to (SB8) may be formed shorter than the third length (L3) of the fifth stub (SB5).

[0101] Corresponding stubs on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010) may be configured to overlap with a predetermined overlapping length to form a capacitor having a predetermined capacitance value. The overlapping lengths of the second stub (SB2) and the sixth stub (SB6), the overlapping lengths of the third stub (SB3) and the seventh stub (SB7), and the overlapping lengths of the fourth stub (SB4) and the eighth stub (SB8) may be formed to be the same. The overlapping length may be formed to be shorter than the fourth length (L4) of the sixth stub (SB6) to the eighth stub (SB8).

[0102] Meanwhile, the characteristics of the circular polarization antenna according to the present specification can be adjusted according to the overlapping structure of the stub structure and the angle between the stubs. The resonant frequency of the antenna module can be adjusted by the radius (Rp) of the conductive patch area (1100) and the first gap (Gg) between the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g). In addition, the resonant frequency of the antenna module can be adjusted by the product of the first width (W1) of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) and the second gap (Wc1) on the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g). In this regard, the second gap (Wc1) can be defined as the length from the ends of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) to the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0103] Meanwhile, the axial ratio of the circular polarization of the antenna module can be adjusted by the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3). In addition, the impedance matching of the antenna module can be achieved by the product of the first width (W1) of the first stub (SB1) and the overlapping length of the first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5). In addition, the gain of the antenna module can be adjusted by the third gap (Gr) between the conductive ground area (1100g) and the guide ring (1100r) and the width (Wr) of the guide ring (1100r).

[0104] The first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) can be formed in a range of greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. The sum of the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3) can be formed in a range of greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module can be configured to radiate a signal of right-handed circular polarization (RHCP).

[0105] As another example, the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) may be formed in a range greater than 90 degrees and less than 135 degrees. The sum of the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3) may be formed in a range greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may be configured to radiate a signal of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP).

[0106] As described above, the characteristics of the antenna module according to the angle between adjacent stubs are described. Fig. 8 is a plan view and a diagram showing the polarization direction of an antenna module having a feed stub. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module having the feed stub of Fig. 8.

[0107] Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9(a), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the first state having a phase of 0 degrees is formed in the positive X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9(b), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the second state having a phase of 90 degrees is formed in the positive X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9(c), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the third state having a phase of 180 degrees is formed in the negative X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9(d), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the fourth state having a phase of 270 degrees is formed in the negative X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the phase difference of the current on the left and right sides of the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) becomes 180°. Accordingly, a radiation pattern identical to that of a dipole antenna is formed, and a linear polarization in a horizontal direction with respect to the fifth stub (SB5), which is a feeding stub, can be implemented.

[0108] Fig. 10 is a plan view and a diagram showing the polarization direction of an antenna module in which the first to fourth stubs are formed at an angle of 90 degrees. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module in which the first to fourth stubs of Fig. 10 are formed at an angle of 90 degrees.

[0109] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11(a), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the first state having a phase of 0 degrees is formed in the positive X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11(b), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the second state having a phase of 90 degrees is formed in the positive X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11(c), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the third state having a phase of 180 degrees is formed in the negative X-axis direction. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11(d), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the fourth state having a phase of 270 degrees is formed in the negative X-axis direction.

[0110] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, when three parallel stubs form angles of a1=90 degrees, a2=180 degrees, and a3=270 degrees with respect to the feed stub, respectively, the phase difference of the current on the left and right sides of the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) becomes 180 degrees. The same radiation pattern as a dipole antenna is formed, and linear polarization in the direction parallel to the feed line can be implemented. In addition, the electric field component coupled from the conductive patch area (1100) to the conductive ground area (1100g) by the plurality of stubs increases. Accordingly, the effective area of ​​the antenna module increases, resulting in improved directivity and gain. In particular, the directivity and gain of the antenna module are improved in the X-axis direction, which is the direction in which a signal is applied through the fifth stub (SB5), which is a feed stub.

[0111] Fig. 12 is a plan view and a polarization direction diagram of an antenna module in which the first and second stubs are formed at a first angle less than 90 degrees and the second and third stubs are formed at a second angle greater than 90 degrees. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module of Fig. 12.

[0112] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13(a), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the first state having a phase of 0 degrees is formed in the first diagonal direction. Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13(b), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the second state having a phase of 90 degrees is formed in the second diagonal direction orthogonal to the first direction. Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13(c), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the third state having a phase of 180 degrees is formed in the third diagonal direction orthogonal to the second direction and opposite to the first direction. Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13(d), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the fourth state having a phase of 270 degrees is formed in a fourth direction that is diagonal and orthogonal to the third direction and opposite to the second direction.

[0113] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, three parallel stubs can be formed to form angles of 45 degrees < a1 < 90 degrees, 150 degrees < a2 < 210 degrees, and 225 degrees < a3 < 270 degrees with respect to the feed stub, respectively. For example, they can be formed to form angles of a1 = 69 degrees, a2 = 175 degrees, and a3 = 246 degrees, but are not limited thereto. The ends of the parallel stubs can form a conductive ground area (1100g) and a planar capacitance. Depending on the angles (a1, a2, a3) formed by the first stub (SB1) corresponding to the feed stub and the three parallel stubs, the polarization can be implemented from linear polarization to circular polarization. When the angles are 45 degrees < a1 < 90 degrees, 150 degrees < a2 < 210 degrees, and 225 degrees < a3 < 270 degrees, the currents in the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) become perpendicular to each other at a phase difference of 90 degrees. The currents in the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. Therefore, a signal of right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) can be generated in the ceiling direction perpendicular to the antenna planes of the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0114] Fig. 14 is a plan view and a polarization direction diagram of an antenna module in which the first and second stubs are formed at a first angle greater than 90 degrees and the second and third stubs are formed at a second angle less than 90 degrees. Fig. 15 is a diagram showing the phase change of the electric field distribution in the antenna module of Fig. 14.

[0115] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15(a), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the first state having a phase of 0 degrees is formed in the fourth diagonal direction. Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15(b), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the second state having a phase of 90 degrees is formed in the third diagonal direction orthogonal to the fourth direction. Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15(c), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the third state having a phase of 180 degrees is formed in the second diagonal direction orthogonal to the third direction and opposite to the fourth direction. Referring to FIG. 14 and FIG. 15(d), the direction of the electric field formed in the conductive patch region (1100) in the fourth state having a phase of 270 degrees is formed in a first diagonal direction that is orthogonal to the second direction and opposite to the third direction.

[0116] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, three parallel stubs can be formed to form angles of 90 degrees < a1 < 135 degrees, 150 degrees < a2 < 210 degrees, and 270 degrees < a3 < 315 degrees with respect to the feed stub, respectively. For example, they can be formed to form angles of a1 = 114 degrees, a2 = 175 degrees, and a3 = 291 degrees, but are not limited thereto. The ends of the parallel stubs can form a conductive ground area (1100g) and a planar capacitance. Depending on the angles (a1, a2, a3) formed by the first stub (SB1) corresponding to the feed stub and the three parallel stubs, the polarization can be implemented from linear polarization to circular polarization. When the angles are 90 degrees < a1 < 135 degrees, 150 degrees < a2 < 210 degrees, and 270 degrees < a3 < 315 degrees, the currents in the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) become perpendicular to each other at a phase difference of 90 degrees. The currents in the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g) rotate in a clockwise direction. Therefore, a left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) signal can be generated in the ceiling direction perpendicular to the antenna planes of the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0117] Meanwhile, the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed in a second ring shape to surround the conductive grounding area (1100g). The inner radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the outer radius (Rg) of the conductive grounding area (1100g).

[0118] The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape larger than a hexagon. Referring to FIG. 7, the first connection pattern (1110c) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) and a ground region (GR). The first stub (SB1) may be formed to extend from a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The ground region (GR) may be formed to surround one side and the other side and the circumference of the first stub (SB1). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed with a first slot region (SR1) in which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from the ground region (GR). A signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the first stub (SB1).

[0119] Meanwhile, one of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a glass panel. A conductive ground region (1100g), a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive guide ring (1100r), and a coaxial cable (100c) may be arranged on the other of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010). A signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the first stub (SB), and a ground line (110g) may be connected to the ground region (GR). Accordingly, a signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) and the first stub (SB1).

[0120] In this regard, Fig. 16 shows a side view of an antenna module attached to a skin attachment. Fig. 17 is a graph showing changes in the resonant frequency and axial ratio of the antenna module depending on the material of the skin attachment. Meanwhile, Fig. 18 shows a front view of the radiation pattern of an antenna module placed on a glass panel and the radiation patterns on the YZ plane and the XZ plane.

[0121] Referring to FIGS. 5 and 16, a conductive patch region (1010) and a conductive guide ring (1010r) disposed on a first surface of a transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a skin attachment (10). Meanwhile, a conductive ground region (1100g) may be disposed on a second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). A signal line (110c) of a coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to a fifth stub (SB5) spaced apart from the conductive ground region (1100g). A ground line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the conductive ground region (1100g).

[0122] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17(a), when the antenna module (1000) is attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5, it has a reflection coefficient value of -15 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.4 GHz to 1.5 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5, it has a reflection coefficient value of -10 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.4 GHz to 1.75 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5, the antenna module (1000) has a resonant frequency of 1.58 GHz.

[0123] When the antenna module (1000) is attached to polycarbonate having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 2.7, it has a reflection coefficient value of -12 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.6 GHz to 1.9 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is attached to polycarbonate having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 2.7, the antenna module (1000) has a resonant frequency of 1.78 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is placed in air having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 1, it has a reflection coefficient value of -10 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.88 GHz to 2.05 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is placed in air having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 1, the antenna module (1000) has a resonant frequency of 1.94 GHz. Therefore, as the relative permittivity of the attachment material to which the antenna module (1000) is attached decreases, the resonant frequency shifts to a higher frequency band. In this regard, the resonant frequency change rate according to the relative permittivity (Dk) of the attachment material can be approximated by a logarithmic scale of the relative permittivity (Dk). Accordingly, the resonant frequency change rate can be determined as △fc(Dk) = 0.1211*ln(Dk)+1.

[0124] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17(b), when the antenna module (1000) is attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5, it has an axial ratio value of 3 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.53 GHz to 1.63 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5, the antenna module (1000) has a lowest axial ratio value of 1 dB or less at a resonant frequency of 1.58 GHz.

[0125] When the antenna module (1000) is attached to polycarbonate having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 2.7, it has an axial ratio value of 3 dB or less in a frequency band of 1.73 GHz to 1.83 GHz. When the antenna module (1000) is attached to polycarbonate having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 2.7, the antenna module (1000) has an axial ratio value of about 1.5 dB at a resonant frequency of 1.78 GHz. Therefore, the antenna module (1000) has the lowest axial ratio value when attached to a glass panel having a relative permittivity (Dk) of 6.5.

[0126] When the antenna module (1000) is placed in air with a relative permittivity (Dk) of 1, it has an axial ratio value exceeding 3 dB across the entire frequency band. When the antenna module (1000) is placed in air with a relative permittivity (Dk) of 1, the antenna module (1000) has an axial ratio value of about 5 dB exceeding 3 dB at a resonant frequency of 1.94 GHz.

[0127] Fig. 18(a) shows a front view of the radiation pattern of the antenna module disposed on the glass panel. Fig. 18(b) and Fig. 18(c) show the radiation patterns of the antenna module disposed on the glass panel on the YZ plane and the XZ plane. Referring to Figs. 4 and 18, a symmetrical structure can be formed by the first stub (SB1), which is a feed stub, and the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4), which are three parallel stubs. Accordingly, the low-altitude angle gain is improved, and an excellent omni-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal direction can be implemented. In addition, by optimizing the positions of the connection points of the first stub (SB1), which is a feed stub, and the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4), which are three parallel stubs, the current distribution identical to that of a patch antenna having exactly a 90-degree phase difference can be implemented. Accordingly, an antenna module satisfying circular polarization characteristics at a specific operating frequency of a GP, GNSS antenna for location tracking can be provided.

[0128] Meanwhile, in an antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification, a plurality of connection pattern structures may be formed as stub structures extending from different points on the circumference of a conductive patch region (1100). Accordingly, the polarization characteristics of the antenna module can be adjusted by adjusting the point at which the stub structure is connected to the conductive patch region (1100).

[0129] In this regard, the second connection pattern (1120c) may be formed as a second stub (SB2) extending from a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The third connection pattern (1130c) may be formed as a third stub (SB3) extending from a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The fourth connection pattern (1140c) may be formed as a fourth stub (SB4) extending from a fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1). The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2).

[0130] In a structure in which the conductive patch region (1100) and the conductive ground region (1100g) are arranged on the same layer, the capacitor structure of the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) and the conductive ground region (1100g) can be formed in a non-connected structure. The conductive ground region (1100g) can be formed as a second slot region (SR2) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from one side, the other side, and an end of the second stub (SB2). The conductive ground region (1100g) can be formed as a second slot region (SR3) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from one side, the other side, and an end of the third stub (SB3). The conductive ground region (1100g) can be formed as a fourth slot region (SR4) from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from one side, the other side, and an end of the fourth stub (SB4).

[0131] Accordingly, the second connection pattern (1110c) is configured to include a first stub (SB1), a ground region (GR1), and a first slot region (SR1) at a second point of the conductive patch region (1100), so that it can operate as an equivalent circuit having a first capacitance value. The second connection pattern (1120c) is configured to include a second stub (SB2) at a second point of the conductive patch region (1100) and a second slot region (SR2), so that it can operate as an equivalent circuit having a second capacitance value. The third connection pattern (1130c) is configured to include a third stub (SB3) at a fourth point of the conductive patch region (1100) and a third slot region (SR3), so that it can operate as an equivalent circuit having a third capacitance value. The fourth connection pattern (1140c) is configured to include the fourth stub (SB4) and the fourth slot region (SR4) of the fourth point of the conductive patch region (1100) and can operate as an equivalent circuit having a fourth capacitance value.

[0132] Meanwhile, the antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification may be formed in a double-sided structure on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010). In this regard, a conductive patch region (1100) and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive ground region (1100g) may be arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape larger than a hexagon.

[0133] The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive patch region (1100) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1), a second stub (SB2), a third stub (SB3), and a fourth stub (SB4). The first stub (SB1) may be formed at a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a first direction in which a first connection pattern (1110c) is formed. The second stub (SB2) may be formed at a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a second direction in which a second connection pattern (1120c) is formed. The third stub (SB3) may be formed at a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a third direction in which a third connection pattern (1130c) is formed. The fourth stub (SB4) can be formed in a fourth direction in which the fourth connection pattern (1140c) is formed at the fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch area (1100).

[0134] A conductive ground region (1100g) disposed on a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive ground region (1100g) may be configured to include a fifth stub (SB5), a sixth stub (SB6), a seventh stub (SB7), and an eighth stub (SB8). The fifth stub (SB5) may be formed in a first direction to overlap the first stub (SB1) at a first point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The sixth stub (SB6) may be formed in a second direction to overlap the second stub (SB2) at a second point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The seventh stub (SB7) may be formed in a third direction to overlap the third stub (SB3) at a third point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The eighth stub (SB8) can be formed in the fourth direction to overlap the fourth stub (SB4) at the fourth point on the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0135] The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fifth stub (SB5) and the sixth stub (SB6) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the sixth stub (SB6) and the seventh stub (SB7) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or less.

[0136] The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the seventh stub (SB7) and the eighth stub (SB8) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the eighth stub (SB8) and the fifth stub (SB5) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more.

[0137] The second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with the same width and length. The first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed longer than the second to fourth stubs (SB2, SB3, SB4) so ​​that impedance matching may be achieved depending on the power supply. In this regard, the first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a first width (W1) and a first length (L1). The second to fourth stubs (SB2) to SB4 arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with the same first width (W1) and second length (L2). The second length (L2) of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) may be formed to be longer than the first length (L1) of the first stub (SB1).

[0138] The fifth stub (SB5) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a second width (W2) that is wider than the first width (W1). The fifth stub (SB5) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a third length (L3) that is shorter than the first length (L1). The sixth to eighth stubs (SB6) to (SB8) disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed with a fourth length (L4) that is shorter than the first width (W1) and the second length (L2). The fourth length (L4) of the sixth to eighth stubs (SB6) to (SB8) may be formed shorter than the third length (L3) of the fifth stub (SB5).

[0139] Corresponding stubs on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010) may be configured to overlap with a predetermined overlapping length to form a capacitor having a predetermined capacitance value. The overlapping lengths of the second stub (SB2) and the sixth stub (SB6), the overlapping lengths of the third stub (SB3) and the seventh stub (SB7), and the overlapping lengths of the fourth stub (SB4) and the eighth stub (SB8) may be formed to be the same. The overlapping length may be formed to be shorter than the fourth length (L4) of the sixth stub (SB6) to the eighth stub (SB8).

[0140] Meanwhile, the characteristics of the circular polarization antenna according to the present specification can be adjusted according to the overlapping structure of the stub structure and the angle between the stubs. The resonant frequency of the antenna module can be adjusted by the radius (Rp) of the conductive patch area (1100) and the first gap (Gg) between the conductive patch area (1100) and the conductive ground area (1100g). In addition, the resonant frequency of the antenna module can be adjusted by the product of the first width (W1) of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) and the second gap (Wc1) on the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g). In this regard, the second gap (Wc1) can be defined as the length from the ends of the second stub (SB2) to the fourth stub (SB4) to the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0141] Meanwhile, the axial ratio of the circular polarization of the antenna module can be adjusted by the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3). In addition, the first width (W1) of the first stub (SB1) and the overlapping length (W) of the first stub (SB1) and the fifth stub (SB5) FC1 ) can be used to achieve impedance matching of the antenna module. In addition, the gain of the antenna module can be adjusted by the third gap (Gr) between the conductive ground area (1100g) and the guide ring (1100r) and the width (Wr) of the guide ring (1100r).

[0142] The first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) can be formed in a range of greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees. The sum of the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3) can be formed in a range of greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module can be configured to radiate a signal of right-handed circular polarization (RHCP).

[0143] As another example, the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) may be formed in a range greater than 90 degrees and less than 135 degrees. The sum of the first angle (α1) between the first and second stubs (SB1, SB2) and the second angle (α2) between the second and third stubs (SB2, SB3) may be formed in a range greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may be configured to radiate a signal of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP).

[0144] The above describes a vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification. The following describes a vehicle equipped with a vehicle antenna module operating in circular polarization.

[0145] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 18, a vehicle having an antenna module operating in circular polarization according to the present specification is described. The vehicle (1) may be configured to include a glass panel (10) and an antenna module (1000). The antenna module (1000) may be configured to include a transparent substrate (1010), a conductive ground region (1100g), a conductive patch region (1100), and connection patterns (1100c). The antenna module (1000) may further be configured to include a second ring-shaped conductive guide ring (1100r).

[0146] A vehicle (1) may be provided with a glass panel (10). The glass panel (10) may correspond to one of the front glass (310), the rear glass (330), and the upper glass of the vehicle (1). The glass panel (10) may be coupled to a metal frame (9). The metal frame (9) may be formed with a support (9a) that supports the glass panel (10), an outer peripheral portion (9b) that forms the exterior of the vehicle, and a connecting portion (9c) between the support (9a) and the outer peripheral portion (9b).

[0147] The glass panel (10) may be configured to include a transparent region (11) and an opaque region (12). The front glass (310) may be configured to include a transparent region (311) and an opaque region (312). The rear glass (330) may be configured to include a transparent region (331) and an opaque region (332). The upper glass may be configured to include a transparent region and an opaque region. The transparent regions (11, 311, 331) may be formed in an inner region of the opaque regions (12, 312, 332). The transparency of the transparent regions (11, 311, 331) may be formed to be higher than the transparency of the opaque regions (12, 312, 332). The transparency of the transparent region (311) of the front glass (310) may be formed to be higher than the transparency of the transparent region (331) of the rear glass (330). The transparency of the transparent area (311) of the front glass (310) can be formed to be higher than the transparency of the transparent area of ​​the upper glass.

[0148] A transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a glass panel (10). A conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed in a first ring shape on the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive patch region (1100) may be arranged in an inner region of the conductive ground region (1100g) so as to be spaced apart from the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). Accordingly, the conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed to surround the conductive patch region (1100).

[0149] The connection patterns (1100c) may be formed to extend inward from the conductive ground region (1100g) to the conductive patch region (1100) to form capacitances between the conductive ground region (1100g) and the conductive patch region (1100). The connection patterns (1100c) may be formed in a partially overlapping structure to couple between the conductive ground region (1100g) and the conductive patch region (1100) in different layers. The connection patterns (1100c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval to couple between the conductive ground region (1100g) and the conductive patch region (1100) in the same layer. Therefore, the connection patterns (1100c) may be referred to as a coupling structure, a capacitor structure, or a connection pattern structure.

[0150] Among the connection patterns (1100c), the first connection pattern (1110c) and the second connection pattern (1120c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a first angle (α1). Among the connection patterns (1100c), the second connection pattern (1120c) and the third connection pattern (1130c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by a second angle (α2). Among the connection patterns (1100c), the third connection pattern (1130c) and the fourth connection pattern (1140c) may be formed to be spaced apart from each other by an angle equal to the first angle (α1). Among the connection patterns (1100c), the angle between the fourth connection pattern (1140c) and the first connection pattern (1110c) may be formed to be equal to the second angle (α2).

[0151] In this regard, one of the first angle (α1) and the second angle (α2) may be an angle less than 90 degrees and the other may be an angle greater than 90 degrees. For example, the first angle (α1) may be formed as an angle less than 90 degrees and the second angle (α2) may be formed as an angle greater than 90 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may operate in right-handed circular polarization (RHCP). As another example, the first angle (α1) may be formed as an angle greater than 90 degrees and the second angle (α2) may be formed as an angle less than 90 degrees. Accordingly, the antenna module may operate in left-handed circular polarization (LHCP).

[0152] Meanwhile, the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed in a second ring shape to surround the conductive grounding area (1100g). The inner radius of the conductive guide ring (1100r) may be formed to be larger than the outer radius (Rg) of the conductive grounding area (1100g).

[0153] The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal shape larger than a hexagon or a circular shape. Referring to FIG. 11, the first connection pattern (1110c) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1) and a ground region (GR). The first stub (SB1) may be formed to extend from a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The ground region (GR) may be formed to surround one side and the other side and the circumference of the first stub (SB1). The conductive ground region (1100g) may be formed with a first slot region (SR1) in which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from the ground region (GR). A signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the first stub (SB1).

[0154] Meanwhile, the second connection pattern (1120c) may be formed as a second stub (SB2) extending from a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The third connection pattern (1130c) may be formed as a third stub (SB3) extending from a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The fourth connection pattern (1140c) may be formed as a fourth stub (SB4) extending from a fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100). The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1). The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2).

[0155] Meanwhile, one of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010) may be attached to a glass panel. A conductive ground region (1100g), a conductive patch region (1100), a conductive guide ring (1100r), and a coaxial cable (100c) may be arranged on the other of the first side and the second side of the transparent substrate (1010). A signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) may be connected to the first stub (SB), and a ground line (110g) may be connected to the ground region (GR). Accordingly, a signal of a specific frequency band may be applied to the antenna module through the signal line (110c) of the coaxial cable (100c) and the first stub (SB1).

[0156] Meanwhile, the antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification may be formed in a double-sided structure on the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate (1010). In this regard, a conductive patch region (1100) and a conductive guide ring (1100r) may be arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010). A conductive ground region (1100g) may be arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010). The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed in a polygonal or circular shape larger than a hexagon.

[0157] The conductive patch region (1100) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive patch region (1100) may be configured to include a first stub (SB1), a second stub (SB2), a third stub (SB3), and a fourth stub (SB4). The first stub (SB1) may be formed at a first point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a first direction in which a first connection pattern (1110c) is formed. The second stub (SB2) may be formed at a second point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a second direction in which a second connection pattern (1120c) is formed. The third stub (SB3) may be formed at a third point on the circumference of the conductive patch region (1100) in a third direction in which a third connection pattern (1130c) is formed. The fourth stub (SB4) can be formed in a fourth direction in which the fourth connection pattern (1140c) is formed at the fourth point on the circumference of the conductive patch area (1100).

[0158] A conductive ground region (1100g) disposed on a second surface of a transparent substrate (1010) may be formed to include a plurality of stubs forming connection patterns. The conductive ground region (1100g) may be configured to include a fifth stub (SB5), a sixth stub (SB6), a seventh stub (SB7), and an eighth stub (SB8). The fifth stub (SB5) may be formed in a first direction to overlap the first stub (SB1) at a first point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The sixth stub (SB6) may be formed in a second direction to overlap the second stub (SB2) at a second point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The seventh stub (SB7) may be formed in a third direction to overlap the third stub (SB3) at a third point on the inner side of the conductive ground region (1100g). The eighth stub (SB8) can be formed in the fourth direction to overlap the fourth stub (SB4) at the fourth point on the inner side of the conductive ground area (1100g).

[0159] The angle between the first stub (SB1) and the second stub (SB2) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fifth stub (SB5) and the sixth stub (SB6) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the second stub (SB2) and the third stub (SB3) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the sixth stub (SB6) and the seventh stub (SB7) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed as a second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or less.

[0160] The angle between the third stub (SB3) and the fourth stub (SB4) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the seventh stub (SB7) and the eighth stub (SB8) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the first angle (α1) of 90 degrees or less. The angle between the fourth stub (SB4) and the first stub (SB1) arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more. The angle between the eighth stub (SB8) and the fifth stub (SB5) arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate (1010) may be formed at the same angle as the second angle (α2) of 90 degrees or more.

[0161] The above describes an antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification. The technical effects of the antenna module operating with circular polarization according to the present specification can be summarized as follows, but are not limited thereto.

[0162] According to the present specification, a planar circular polarization antenna module implemented in an ultra-thin form on a substrate and a vehicle equipped with the same can be provided.

[0163] According to the present specification, an ultra-thin antenna can solve the issue of difficulty in implementing low-altitude angle performance due to the antenna and ground plane being located almost on the same plane through a parallel capacitor structure between metal patterns.

[0164] According to the present specification, when a planar circular polarization antenna module is attached to glass or a dielectric, an antenna structure design that facilitates performance optimization according to the influence of glass or a dielectric can be proposed.

[0165] The purpose of this specification is to propose an antenna structure that is easy to optimize for changes in antenna performance, especially changes in resonant frequency, depending on the type and properties of the attachment material, such as permittivity, dielectric loss, size, and thickness.

[0166] Further scope of the applicability of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description below. However, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific embodiments, such as the preferred embodiments of this disclosure, are given by way of example only. Accordingly, the detailed description above should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of this disclosure are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. In an antenna module that operates with circular polarization, transparent substrate; A conductive ground region formed in a first ring shape on the first surface of the transparent substrate; A conductive patch region disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate, opposite to the first surface corresponding to an inner region of the conductive ground region and spaced apart from the inner side of the conductive ground region; First patterns formed to extend to the inner surface of the conductive grounding area; and Including second patterns formed to extend to the outer surface of the conductive patch area, Part of the above first patterns and part of the above second patterns are formed to overlap each other, The above overlapping areas are formed near the conductive ground area, The above first patterns and the above second patterns form a plurality of connection patterns that are electrically coupled, Among the plurality of connection patterns, the first connection pattern and the second connection pattern are formed at a first angle, Among the above connection patterns, the second connection pattern and the third connection pattern are formed at a second angle, Among the above connection patterns, the angles of the third connection pattern and the fourth connection pattern are formed at the same angle as the first angle, The fourth connection pattern and the first connection pattern are formed at the same angle as the second angle, An antenna module, characterized in that one of the first angle and the second angle is an angle less than 90 degrees and the other is an angle greater than 90 degrees.

2. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a second ring-shaped conductive guide ring formed to surround the conductive grounding area, An antenna module in which the inner radius of the conductive guide ring is formed larger than the outer radius of the conductive grounding area.

3. In paragraph 2, The above conductive patch region is formed in a circular shape, The first connection pattern includes a first stub extending from a first point on the circumference and a first slot region formed such that a metal pattern is removed from the conductive ground region, An antenna module to which a signal of a specific frequency band is applied through the first stub.

4. In paragraph 3, One of the first side and the second side of the above transparent substrate is attached to a glass panel, The conductive ground region and the coaxial cable are arranged on the other of the first and second surfaces of the transparent substrate, An antenna module, wherein the signal line of the coaxial cable is connected to the first stub and the ground line is connected to the conductive ground area.

5. In paragraph 3, The second connection pattern is formed by a second stub extending from a second point on the circumference, The third connection pattern is formed by a third stub extending from a third point on the circumference, The fourth connection pattern is formed by a fourth stub extending from a fourth point on the circumference, The angle between the first stub and the second stub is formed as the first angle of 90 degrees or less, The angle between the second stub and the third stub is formed as the second angle of 90 degrees or more, The angle of the third stub and the fourth stub is formed at the same angle as the first angle, An antenna module wherein the angle between the fourth stub and the first stub is formed at the same angle as the second angle.

6. In paragraph 5, The conductive grounding area is formed by a second slot area in which the metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and the end of the second stub, The conductive grounding area is formed by a third slot area in which the metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and the end of the third stub, An antenna module in which the conductive grounding area is formed with a fourth slot area from which a metal pattern is removed so as to be spaced apart from or overlapped with one side, the other side, and the end of the fourth stub.

7. In paragraph 2, The conductive patch region and the conductive guide ring are arranged on the first surface of the transparent substrate, The conductive ground region is arranged on the second surface of the transparent substrate, The radius of the conductive grounding area is formed to be larger than the radius of the conductive patch area, An antenna module in which the radius of the conductive guide ring is formed larger than the radius of the conductive grounding area.

8. In paragraph 7, The above conductive patch region is formed in a circular shape, The above conductive patch area is, A first stub formed in a first direction at a first point on the circumference in which the first connection pattern is formed; A second stub formed in a second direction at a second point on the circumference in which the second connection pattern is formed; A third stub formed in a third direction at a third point on the circumference where the third connection pattern is formed; and An antenna module comprising a fourth stub formed in a fourth direction at a fourth point on the circumference, wherein the fourth connection pattern is formed.

9. In paragraph 8, The above conductive ground area is A fifth stub formed in the first direction so as to overlap with the first stub at the first point on the inner side; A sixth stub formed in the second direction so as to overlap the second stub at the second point on the inner side; A seventh stub formed in the third direction so as to overlap with the third stub at the third point on the inner side; and An antenna module comprising an eighth stub formed in the fourth direction so as to overlap the fourth stub at the fourth point on the inner side.

10. In paragraph 9, The angle between the first stub and the second stub and the angle between the fifth stub and the sixth stub are formed as the first angle of 90 degrees or less, The angle between the second stub and the third stub and the angle between the sixth stub and the seventh stub are formed as the second angle of 90 degrees or more, The angles of the third stub and the fourth stub and the angles of the seventh stub and the eighth stub are formed at the same angle as the first angle, An antenna module, wherein the angle between the fourth stub and the first stub and the angle between the eighth stub and the fifth stub are formed at the same angle as the second angle.

11. In paragraph 9, The above first stub is formed with a first width and a first length, The second stub to the fourth stub are formed with the same first width and second length, and the second length is formed longer than the first length. The fifth stub is formed with a second width wider than the first width and a third length shorter than the first length, The sixth stub to the eighth stub are formed with a fourth length that is shorter than the first width and the second length, The overlapping lengths of the second stub and the sixth stub, the overlapping lengths of the third stub and the seventh stub, and the overlapping lengths of the fourth stub and the eighth stub are formed to be the same, An antenna module in which the above-mentioned overlapping length is formed shorter than the above-mentioned fourth length.

12. In paragraph 9, The resonant frequency of the antenna module is adjusted by the product of a radius of the conductive patch area, a first gap between the conductive patch area and the conductive ground area, and a first width of the second stub to the fourth stub and a second gap inside the second stub to the fourth stub and the conductive ground area, The axial ratio of the circular polarization of the antenna module is adjusted by the first angle and the second angle, The impedance matching of the antenna module is achieved by the product of the first width of the first stub and the overlapping length of the first stub and the fifth stub, An antenna module, wherein the gain of the antenna module is adjusted by the third gap between the conductive ground area and the guide ring and the width of the guide ring.

13. In paragraph 1, The above first angle is formed in a range greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, The sum of the first angle and the second angle is formed in a range greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees, An antenna module, wherein the antenna module is configured to radiate a signal of right handed circular polarization (RHCP).

14. In paragraph 1, The above first angle is formed in a range greater than 90 degrees and less than 135 degrees, The sum of the first angle and the second angle is formed in a range greater than 150 degrees and less than 210 degrees, An antenna module, wherein the antenna module is configured to radiate a signal of left handed circular polarization (RHCP).

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