Contention-based early data transmission method for non-terrestrial network communication
The CB-EDT method addresses inefficiencies in NTN by using contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for optimized Msg3 transmission, enhancing capacity and reliability in IoT services.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing Early Data Transmission (EDT) mechanisms in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) face inefficiencies due to high latency, intermittent connectivity, and scalability issues, particularly in massive IoT deployments, leading to unnecessary signaling overhead and resource allocation challenges.
A contention-based early data transmission (CB-EDT) method is introduced, allowing UEs to perform CB-Msg3 transmission using contention-based preconfigured uplink resources (CB-PUR) with enhanced coverage levels, random resource selection, and monitoring for contention resolution, optimizing Msg3 transmission without Msg1 or Msg2.
This approach enhances uplink and downlink capacity, reduces signaling overhead, and ensures reliable data transmission by minimizing latency and improving resource allocation in NTN-based IoT services.
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Figure CN2025124644_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CONTENTION-BASED EARLY DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD FOR NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORK COMMUNICATIONTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a contention-based (CB) early data transmission (EDT) method for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication and a wireless communication device.Background Art
[0002] The field of non-terrestrial communication, particularly for Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , has seen significant advancements through various 3GPP releases. During 3GPP Release 15 (Rel-15) , Early Data Transmission (EDT) was introduced and studied to enhance uplink capacity for small data transmissions, enabling efficient data exchange with minimal resource utilization. Building on this, 3GPP Release 16 (Rel-16) explored Preconfigured Uplink Resource (PUR) to further reduce signaling overhead by eliminating Msg1 and Msg2, specifically tailored for stationary IoT user equipment (UE) . From the perspective of satellite-based networks, IoT UEs appear stationary due to their fixed or predictable positions relative to orbiting satellites, presenting an opportunity to enhance EDT by streamlining the traditional 4-step procedure for data transmission. However, PUR, while effective for individual UEs, proves inefficient for supporting the massive access demands of IoT devices. To address these challenges, the 3GPP Release 19 Work Item (WI) on Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) for Internet of Things (IoT) Phase 3 (IoT_NTN_Ph3) focuses on improving uplink capacity for IoT services over NTN. A key objective outlined in the work item description (WID) of IoT_NTN_Ph3 is to develop mechanisms that reduce the necessary uplink and downlink signaling required to complete EDT and PUR transactions, thereby significantly enhancing overall system capacity for IoT applications.
[0003] One of the objectives of the Work Item Description (WID) for IoT_NTN_Ph3 is to study and specify enhancements to reduce the uplink and downlink signaling required to complete an Early Data Transmission (EDT) transaction. These enhancements include: 1. Msg3 transmission without Msg1 or a Random Access Response (RAR) . 2. The efficient delivery of Msg4 or an RRC Early Data Complete message to reduce overhead.
[0004] One key focus in the development of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) for Internet of Things (IoT) Phase 3 (IoT_NTN_Ph3) is to enhance uplink capacity for IoT services over NTN. This includes studying and specifying, where beneficial, enhancements to reduce the necessary uplink and downlink signaling to complete an Early Data Transmission (EDT) transaction. Such enhancements encompass Msg3 transmission without Msg1 / Random Access Response (RAR) and the efficient delivery (with reduced overhead) of Msg4 / RRCEarlyDataComplete, aimed at optimizing system capacity for IoT applications.
[0005] The ongoing standardization efforts have identified that both NB-IoT and enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) are within the scope of uplink capacity enhancements. These efforts require both Control Plane (C-plane) and User Plane (U-plane) solutions to address the diverse needs of IoT devices. However, the focus remains on Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) Evolved Packet System (EPS) optimizations to ensure compatibility and efficiency.Technical Problem
[0006] Despite these advancements, several technical challenges persist in optimizing IoT communications over NTN. The reliance on EDT and PUR in terrestrial networks does not fully account for the unique constraints of satellite communications, such as intermittent connectivity and high latency, which can undermine efficiency. The current 4-step EDT procedure, while effective for small data, introduces unnecessary overhead in NTN environments where service link availability varies.
[0007] Similarly, the dedicated nature of PUR limits its scalability for massive IoT deployments, where thousands of devices may attempt simultaneous access. These limitations highlight the need for innovative solutions to minimize signaling overhead, improve resource allocation, and ensure reliable data transmission in the context of NTN-based IoT services, forming a critical technical problem to be addressed in the present invention.
[0008] The existing Early Data Transmission (EDT) mechanisms, while effective for small data transmission, face challenges in non-terrestrial networks. These challenges arise from the need to reduce signaling overhead and enhance coverage. The requirement for UEs to handle contention-based transmission, especially within NTN contexts with variable satellite coverage, presents a significant technical problem in maintaining efficient and reliable data transmission. Furthermore, the current reliance on four-step random access procedures and the inefficiencies of dedicated Preconfigured Uplink Resource (PUR) for massive IoT access underscore the need for new solutions to enhance uplink capacity and reduce latency in IoT services over NTN.Technical Solution
[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to propose a contention-based (CB) early data transmission (EDT) method for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication and a wireless communication device.
[0010] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a contention-based (CB) early data transmission (EDT) method for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: determining to perform contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission to a base station through NTN communication when a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) is less than a first RSRP threshold associated with a first enhanced coverage level as a selected enhanced coverage level; selecting a next upcoming contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with the selected enhanced coverage level; randomly selecting physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources in a time domain within the CB-PUR grouping unit from contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission, wherein the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission are associated with the selected enhanced coverage level; performing CB-Msg3 transmission on the PUSCH resources; and monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) while a monitoring timer is running, for a contention resolution message identified by a contention-based radio network temporary identifier (CB-RNTI) , wherein the contention resolution message comprises UE contention resolution identities.
[0011] The disclosed method may be implemented in a chip. The chip may include a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0012] The disclosed method may be programmed as computer-executable instructions stored in non-transitory computer-readable medium. The non-transitory computer-readable medium, when loaded to a computer, directs a processor of the computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0013] The non-transitory computer-readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
[0014] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program product, which causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0015] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program, which causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.Advantageous Effects
[0016] This invention discusses the configuration of Contention-based Preconfigured Uplink Resource (CB-PUR) , the content of Msg3, the contention resolution of Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR, the fallback procedure for failed Msg3 contention. The disclosure also provides procedures of data transmission over the CB-PUR including: 1. Control Plane (CP) Mobile Originated (MO) data transmission over the CB-PUR. 2. User Plane (UP) MO data transmission over the CB-PUR. 3. Control Plane Mobile Terminated (MT) data transmission over the CB-PUR. 4. User Plane MT data transmission over the CB-PUR. 5. Control Plane MO data transmission when the satellite supports store and forward (S&F) . 6. Control Plane MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F. 7. User Plane MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F.
[0017] Based on the proposed technical solutions, the overall system capacity, including uplink and downlink capacity, is increased.Description of Drawings
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure. A person having ordinary skills in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a Control Plane Mobile Originated Early Data Transmission (CP MO-EDT) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a User Plane Mobile Originated Early Data Transmission (UP MO-EDT) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a Control Plane Mobile Terminated Early Data Transmission (CP MT-EDT) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0022] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a User Plane Mobile Terminated Early Data Transmission (UP MT-EDT) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0023] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a Control Plane Preconfigured Uplink Resource (CP PUR) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0024] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a User Plane Preconfigured Uplink Resource (UP PUR) procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0025] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a PUR Configuration Request and PUR Configuration procedure in accordance with prior art.
[0026] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a physical structure of a Contention-based Preconfigured Uplink Resource (CB-PUR) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a multiple CB-PUR configuration with repetitions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for Control Plane Mobile Originated data transmission over CB-PUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for User Plane Mobile Originated data transmission over CB-PUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for Control Plane Mobile Terminated data transmission over CB-PUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for User Plane Mobile Terminated data transmission over CB-PUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for Control Plane Mobile Originated data transmission when the satellite supports Store and Forward (S&F) operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for Control Plane Mobile Originated and Mobile Terminated data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure for User Plane Mobile Originated data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic diagram showing an inter-satellite communication procedure in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a wireless communication system architecture with multiple satellites supporting enhanced capacity for IoT over NTN according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a procedure of User Plane MO / MT data transmission through multiple satellites supporting S&F according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic view showing a user equipment (UE) .
[0039] FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic view showing a base station.
[0040] FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic view showing a network node.
[0041] FIG. 23 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a UE.
[0042] FIG. 24 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a base station .
[0043] FIG. 25 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a network node.
[0044] FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic view showing an embodiment of the disclosed method.
[0045] FIG. 27 illustrates a schematic view showing an embodiment of the disclosed method.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0046] Embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0047] The disclosed method may be applied to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) . a. Early Data Transmission (EDT)
[0048] With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the procedures for Control Plane mobile originated early data transmission (MO-EDT) and User Plane MO-EDT are briefly explained respectively. MO-EDT allows one uplink (UL) data transmission optionally followed by one downlink data transmission during the random access procedure. MO-EDT is triggered when the UE requests the establishment or resumption of the RRC Connection for mobile originated data and the uplink data size is less than or equal to a transport block (TB) size indicated in the system information. With reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the procedures for Control Plane mobile terminated early data transmission (MT-EDT) and User Plane MT-EDT are briefly explained respectively. MT-EDT is intended for a single downlink (DL) data transmission during the random access procedure. MT-EDT is initiated by the Mobility Management Entity (MME) if the UE and the network support MT-EDT and there is a single DL data transmission for the UE. MT-EDT reuses the MO-EDT procedure with 4-step (i.e., random access preamble, random access response, RRCEarlyDataRequest / RRCConnectionResumeRequest, RRCEarlyDataComplete / RRCConnectionRelease) to deliver the single DL data. Especially when the single DL data is small data, the efficiency is very low. b. Preconfigured uplink resource (PUR)
[0049] With reference to FIG. 5, a MO-EDT procedure for control plane CIoT EPS / 5GS optimization is shown. With reference to FIG. 6, a MO-EDT procedure for user plane CIoT EPS / 5GS optimization is shown. Transmission using PUR allows one uplink transmission from RRC_IDLE using a preconfigured uplink resource without the steps of random access preamble and random access response. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show the procedures for Control Plane PUR and User Plane PUR, respectively. The UE may request to be configured with a PUR or to have a PUR configuration released while in RRC connected mode. The eNB decides to configure a PUR based on UE's request, UE's subscription information and / or local policy. The procedure for PUR configuration request and PUR configuration is common to Control Plane PUR and User Plane PUR and is illustrated in FIG. 7 . PUR is an uplink resource which is dedicated to a specific UE. In scenarios where a large number of User Equipment (UEs) are present within a cell's coverage area, the allocation of dedicated resources and the associated signaling overhead can become significant. To enhance resource efficiency, particularly for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) cells, contention-based PUR can be considered. This approach, which may involve the use of a shared resource pool, can be particularly beneficial for managing the uplink transmissions of numerous IoT devices within an NTN cell's coverage.
[0050] With reference to FIG. 26, an embodiment of the disclosed method is performed by a UE (e.g., UE 100) and a base station (e.g., base station 200) .
[0051] Step S001: The UE determines to perform contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission to a base station through NTN communication when a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) is less than a first RSRP threshold associated with a first enhanced coverage level as a selected enhanced coverage level.
[0052] Step S002: The UE selects a next upcoming contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0053] Step S003: The UE randomly selects physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources in a time domain within the CB-PUR grouping unit from contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission, wherein the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission are associated with the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0054] Step S004: The UE performs CB-Msg3 transmission on the PUSCH resources. The base station receives the CB-Msg3 transmission on the PUSCH resources. The base station receives contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission from a user equipment (UE) through NTN communication. A CB-Msg3 and repetitions of the CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission are conveyed within a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with a first enhanced coverage level. The CB-Msg3 and the repetitions of the CB-Msg3 are conveyed on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources randomly selected from contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission in a time domain within the CB-PUR grouping unit. The contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission are associated with the first enhanced coverage level.
[0055] Step S005: The UE monitors a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) while a monitoring timer is running, for a contention resolution message identified by a contention-based radio network temporary identifier (CB-RNTI) , wherein the contention resolution message comprises UE contention resolution identities. The base station transmits a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) to the UE for scheduling a contention resolution message identified by a contention-based radio network temporary identifier (CB-RNTI) . The contention resolution message comprises UE contention resolution identities. The base station transmits the contention resolution message to the UE, and the UE receives the contention resolution message.
[0056] In one or more embodiments, the UE contention resolution identities identify: UEs competing for CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit; and / or UEs for receiving the contention resolution message.
[0057] In one or more embodiments, the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission comprise resources associated with: one or more enhanced coverage levels; one or more thresholds of reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) one or more numbers of repetitions; or one or more maximum transport blocks.
[0058] In one or more embodiments, the UE randomly selects a frequency domain PUSCH resource within each of the selected PUSCH resources associated with the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0059] In one or more embodiments, the UE does not performs CB-Msg3 transmission to the base station through NTN communication when the measured RSRP is less than a second RSRP threshold associated with a second enhanced coverage level as the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0060] In one or more embodiments, the UE does not performs CB-Msg3 transmission to the base station through NTN communication when the measured RSRP is less than a third RSRP threshold; and wherein the third RSRP threshold is lower than the first RSRP threshold and the second RSRP threshold.
[0061] In one or more embodiments, the CB-Msg3 transmission is performed only when data size of pending uplink data is less than a configured maximum transport block size (TBS) .
[0062] In one or more embodiments, the base station receives another contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission from the user equipment (UE) through NTN communication. The CB-Msg3 and repetitions of the CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission are conveyed within a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with a second enhanced coverage level.
[0063] In one or more embodiments, configuration of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises one or more of the following: a starting frame, subframe, or slot; a starting subcarrier or physical resource block (PRB) ; a time interval; a number of resource units (RUs) ; a number of carriers, subcarriers, or PRBs; a repetition number; a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) ; a maximum transport block size (TBS) ; and periodicity.
[0064] In one or more embodiments, the CB-PUR grouping unit is configured through system information. The base station may configure the CB-PUR grouping unit using system information.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, a number of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit for the CB-Msg3 transmission is configured according to the selected enhanced coverage level (e.g., the first enhanced coverage level or the second enhanced coverage level) . The CB-Msg3 transmission comprises transmission of a CB-Msg3 and one or more repetitions of the CB-Msg3.
[0066] In one or more embodiments, the performing contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission to a base station through NTN communication is in response to a paging message. The base station transmits to the UE the paging message that conveys an early data transmission (EDT) indicator. The UE receives from the base station the paging message that conveys an early data transmission (EDT) indicator.
[0067] In one or more embodiments, a CB-Msg3 in the CB-Msg3 transmission is scrambled with the CB-RNTI.
[0068] In one or more embodiments, the UE contention resolution identity comprises first 48 bits of an uplink common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) for the UE.
[0069] In one or more embodiments, the contention resolution message comprises a timing advance (TA) .
[0070] In one or more embodiments, the base station configures a monitoring timer that is set to be started after completion of the CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit, with an additional delay equal to a UE-to-eNB round trip time (RTT) . The UE starts the monitoring timer after completion of the CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit, with an additional delay equal to a UE-to-eNB round trip time (RTT) .
[0071] In one or more embodiments, the UE determines the CB-Msg3 transmission successfully completed and stopping the monitoring timer if a UE contention resolution identity is included in a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that matches 48 first bits of a common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) transmitted in a CB-Msg3, wherein the MAC PDU is the contention resolution message. The UE determines the CB-Msg3 transmission is not successful when the monitoring timer expires.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the contention resolution message comprises a backoff indicator. The UE selects a random backoff time using a uniform distribution between 0 and a value in a backoff indicator in the contention resolution message when the CB-Msg3 transmission is not successful.
[0073] In one or more embodiments, the UE performs another run of the CB-Msg3 transmission until a number of runs of performed CB-Msg3 transmission reaches a threshold before the monitoring timer expires.
[0074] In one or more embodiments, a length of the monitoring timer is specific to the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0075] In one or more embodiments, the CB-RNTI is derived based on at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit and the selected enhanced coverage level.
[0076] In one or more embodiments, the at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises periodicity.
[0077] In one or more embodiments, the CB-RNTI is derived further based on a carrier index.
[0078] In one or more embodiments, a CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission is an RRCEarlyDataRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for control plane (CP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization, and the CB-Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for user plane (UP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization.
[0079] In one or more embodiments, an RRCEarlyDataComplete message concatenated with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCEarlyDataRequest message, and an RRCConnectionRelease message multiplexed with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message.
[0080] In one or more embodiments, a C-RNTI is assigned in the contention resolution message.
[0081] With reference to FIG. 27, an embodiment of the disclosed method is performed by a UE (e.g., UE 100) and a satellite (e.g., base station 200 and / or network device 300) .
[0082] Step S101: The satellite transmits one or more types of configuration information to a S&F capable user equipment (UE) , wherein the one or more types of configuration information comprises one or more of a store and forward (S&F) operation indication, a coordinated universal time (UTC) time related to a transition from a store and forward (S&F) mode to a normal mode, a UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode, The UE receives the one or more types of configuration information from the satellite. In the configuration information, the store and forward (S&F) operation indication having a first value showing that the UE supporting S&F operations is not barred from the satellite, the store and forward (S&F) operation indication having a second value showing that the UE supporting S&F operations is barred from the satellite, or absence of the S&F operation indication shows that a feeder link of the satellite is available; and The satellite configures the S&F operation indication with the first value or disabling the S&F operation indication to allow the UE to connect to the satellite; or configures the S&F operation indication with the second value to prevent the UE from connecting to the satellite.
[0083] Step S102: The UE determines that the UE supporting S&F operations is not barred from the satellite when the store and forward (S&F) operation indication in the configuration information has a first value, the UE supporting S&F operations is barred from the satellite when the S&F operation indication has a second value, or a feeder link of the satellite is available when the S&F operation indication is absent from the configuration information;
[0084] Step S103: The UE is allowed to connect to the satellite when the S&F operation indication is absent or when the S&F operation indication is present and configured to the first value; or The UE is prevented from connecting to the satellite when the S&F operation indication is present and configured to the second value.
[0085] That is, the UE determines to connect to the satellite based on absence of the S&F operation indication or the S&F operation indication having the first value; or The UE refrains from connecting to the satellite according to the S&F operation indication having the second value.
[0086] In one or more embodiments, the one or more types of configuration information further comprises a wait timer configuration related to the S&F mode. The satellite transmits the wait timer configuration to the UE to prevent the UE from connecting to the satellite until expiration of a wait timer of the wait timer configuration. The UE receives the wait timer configuration from a mobility management entity (MME) through the satellite. The UE is prevented from connecting to the satellite until expiration of a wait timer of the wait timer configuration.
[0087] In one or more embodiments, the satellite transmits a first switch time parameter to indicate the UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode or the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode. The UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode and the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode is configured by a first switch time parameter.
[0088] In one or more embodiments, the first switch time parameter indicates the UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode when the S&F operation indication is present.
[0089] In one or more embodiments, the first switch time parameter indicates the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode when the S&F operation indication is absent.
[0090] In one or more embodiments, the one or more types of configuration information further comprises another S&F operation indication for a neighboring cell associated with a neighboring satellite; a UTC time related to a transition from an S&F mode to a normal mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite; and a UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite.
[0091] In one or more embodiments, the UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite and the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite are configured using a second switch time parameter. The satellite transmits to the UE a second switch time parameter to indicate the UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite or the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite.
[0092] In one or more embodiments, the second switch time parameter indicates the UTC time related to a transition from the S&F mode to the normal mode when the S&F operation indication for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite is present.
[0093] In one or more embodiments, the second switch time parameter indicates the UTC time related to a transition from the normal mode to the S&F mode when the S&F operation indication for the neighboring cell associated with the neighboring satellite is absent.
[0094] In one or more embodiments, the one or more types of configuration information are conveyed in system information.
[0095] In one or more embodiments, the S&F operation indication is used to determine whether the feeder link of the satellite is available.
[0096] In one or more embodiments, the wait timer configuration is configured based on availability of the feeder link.
[0097] In one or more embodiments, the one or more types of configuration information further comprises a monitoring list of satellites. The monitoring list of satellites is received from an MME through the satellite. The UE determines that the satellite is accessible by the UE when an identifier (ID) of the satellite is identical to an satellite identifier (ID) included in the monitoring list of satellites.
[0098] In one or more embodiments, satellite IDs in the monitoring list belong to the same public land mobile network (PLMN) .
[0099] In one or more embodiments, the UE transmits uplink data to the satellite via a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) . The satellite receives uplink data via a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) .
[0100] In one or more embodiments, the uplink data is a Mobile Originated (MO) data transmission.
[0101] In one or more embodiments, a base station, a mobility management entity (MME) , and a serving gateway (S-GW) are deployed on the satellite.
[0102] In one or more embodiments, a base station and a mobility management entity onboard (MME-onboard) are deployed on the satellite.
[0103] In one or more embodiments, the satellite receives uplink data from the UE by the satellite when a service link between the UE and the satellite is available. The satellite stores the uplink data in the satellite by at least one of a base station or an MME-onboard until the feeder link between the satellite and a ground station is available. The satellite transmits the stored uplink data from the satellite to an MME-ground when the feeder link is available. The MME-onboard and the MME-ground are two functional split portions of the MME.
[0104] In one or more embodiments, the satellite receives corresponding downlink data from the MME-ground. The satellite determines, by the MME-ground, a satellite for transmitting the downlink data and transmits the downlink data from the determined satellite to the UE when the service link between the UE and the determined satellite is available.
[0105] In one or more embodiments, the satellite receives the determined satellite is different from the satellite receiving the uplink data.
[0106] In one or more embodiments, the satellite stores the downlink data in at least one of the base station or the MME-onboard on the determined satellite until the service link is available. The satellite transmits the stored downlink data to the UE upon availability of the service link.
[0107] In one or more embodiments, the MME-ground selects the satellite for downlink transmission based on at least one of satellite availability, service link status, or UE location information.
[0108] In one or more embodiments, the determined satellite stores the downlink data independently of the satellite storing the uplink data.
[0109] In one or more embodiments, the satellite receives uplink data from the UE by the satellite when a service link between the UE and the satellite is available. At least one of a base station stores the uplink data in the satellite until the feeder link between the satellite and a ground station is available. The satellite transmits the stored uplink data from the satellite to a serving gateway (S-GW) when the feeder link is available.
[0110] In one or more embodiments, the satellite receives corresponding downlink data from the S-GW. The downlink data is stored in the base station deployed on the satellite until the service link is available; and The satellite transmits the downlink data to the UE upon availability of the service link.
[0111] In one or more embodiments, the uplink data is a Mobile Originated (MO) data transmission. Contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR)
[0112] With reference to FIG. 8, an example of contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) is provided.
[0113] A CB-PUR is a common uplink (UL) resource preconfigured for multiple UEs (such as UEs 100) to transmit contention-based Msg3 (CB-Msg3) . A CB-Msg3 is a message transmitted on contention based uplink resources (e.g., CB-PUR) . CB-Msg4 is a response message to one or more CB-Msg3. CB-Msg3-EDT procedure allows EDT from RRC_IDLE using contention based uplink resources transmission without random access preamble transmission and without random access response reception. The CB-Msg3 utilize a diversity slotted aloha (DSA) method where the CB-Msg3 is replicated at k randomly selected occasions within a window (k and the window are configured by the network) . Following a CB-Msg3 transmission, the UE (such as UE 100) monitors PDCCH for a response, where the network may respond to multiple UEs in one CB-Msg4. FIG. 8 shows a physical CB-PUR structure. The eNB may describe the structure of a CB-PUR by specifying the number of time intervals (e.g., frames, subframes, slots, or resource units) , the number of frequency units (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or PRBs) , the starting / end time offset (e.g., which hyper-frame, frame, subframe, and / or slot) , the starting / end frequency offset (e.g., which subcarrier or PRB) , the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , the (maximum) transport block size (TBS) , the number of orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) , and / or the periodicity of the CB-PUR.
[0114] In the description, an eNB may be a may be interpreted as a base station. The base station may be a eNB, ng-eNB, a gNB. An ng-eNB node provides E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE (such as UE 100) , and is connected via the NG interface to the 5GC.
[0115] To improve transmission and reception efficiency, a physical CB-PUR may be repeatedly configured multiple times within the CB-PUR’s periodicity, and the number of CB-PURs in the CB-PUR’s periodicity may be configured according to the UE’s coverage enhancement level (CE-level) . The CE-level of a UE (such as UE 100) is determined by the UE based on the signal quality of the reference signals from the satellite. When the CE-level is low (e.g., CE-level0 or CE-level1) , the transmission and reception efficiency is good and the required number of repetitions is low. (e.g., 8 or 16) . When the CE-level is high (e.g., CE-level2 or CE-level3) , the transmission and reception efficiency is bad, and the required number of repetitions is high. (e.g., 64, 128, or more than 128) . In an alternative embodiment, different CB-PUR sizes may be configured for each CE-level. For example, When the CE-level is low, the eNB configures a small CB-PUR with a small number of time intervals (e.g., frames, subframes, or slots) and frequency bandwidth (e.g., subcarriers or PRBs) . When the CE-level is high, the eNB configures a large CB-PUR with a large number of time intervals and frequency bandwidth.
[0116] Each CB-PUR may be a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) occasion which comprises one or more than one Resource Units (RU) in time domain and in frequency domain. The number of RUs of a CB-PUR may be a fixed number or can be configured by the eNB. The eNB may describe the structure of an RU by specifying the number of slots in time domain, the number of subcarriers in frequency domain, the starting / end time offset (e.g., which slot) , the starting / end frequency offset (e.g., which subcarrier or PRB) , the MCS, the number of OCCs, and / or the TBS of the RU. The number of slots (e.g., 2, 4, 8, or 16 slots) , the number of subcarriers (e.g., 1, 3, 6, or 12 subcarriers) , and the number of OCCs can be configured by the eNB. Each RU can be used by the UE (such as UE 100) to transmit Msg3 or the corresponding repetition. In an alternative embodiment, each RU in the CB-PUR is a PUSCH occasion and the CB-PUR is a group of PUSCH occasions.
[0117] The UE (such as UE 100) may randomly select one or more than one CB-PUR in a CB-PUR periodicity to transmit Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) , and the number of CB-PURs for Msg3 repetition may be based on the UE’s CE-level and can be configured by the eNB through an RRC information element (IE) . In an alternative embodiment, the UE may randomly select one RU from the RUs in the same time domain (e.g., the UE selects RU 1 from RU 1 to RU M in FIG. 8 ) to transmit Msg3 and randomly select the RUs in different time domains to transmit Msg3 repetitions. The number of repetitions, which may be associated with the CE-level, can be configured by the eNB through an RRC IE) . The UE transmits an MAC PDU of Msg3 to the Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) entity which assigns an HARQ process for the MAC PDU of Msg3. The HARQ entity of the UE transmits the MAC PDU of Msg3 on a CB-PUR / RU with a HARQ Redundancy Version (RV) and the repetition (s) of the MAC PDU of Msg3 on the other RU (s) with corresponding HARQ RV (s) . In case the UE independently selects the CB-PURs / RUs for Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) , the HARQ RV (s) of the repetition (s) should be the same with the HARQ RV of Msg3 (e.g., RV=0) . That is, Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) are new HARQ transmissions. In case the UE selects the corresponding repetition (s) based on a (preconfigured) pattern (i.e., given the eNB knows the position’s relationship between Msg3 and the corresponding repetitions) , the HARQ RV (s) of the repetitions can be different from the HARQ RV of Msg3. That is, the corresponding repetitions are HARQ retransmissions of Msg3. Note that the UE may select multiple CB-PURs / RUs in different time domains but in the same frequency domain or in different frequency domains. When multiple UEs (such as UEs 100) transmit Msg3 in the same time domain (i.e., may be in the same CB-PUR / RU or different CB-PURs / RUs) , collision between Msg3s may happen. To resolve Msg3 collisions from different UEs, each UE randomly selects an OCC to scramble Msg3, and different OCCs can transfer Msg3 to different code domains. Alternatively, the eNB can resolve the collision based on its capability or PUSCH DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) configuration for the UE.
[0118] Multiple CB-PURs in a CB-PUR periodicity can be grouped and / or indexed as a CB-PUR pattern, and the UE (such as UE 100) may randomly select a CB-PUR pattern to transmit Msg3 and the corresponding repetitions (s) . The number of CB-PURs in a CB-PUR periodicity can be configured associated with the CE-level by the eNB. In an alternative embodiment, multiple RUs in a CB-PUR are grouped and / or indexed as an RU pattern, and the UE may randomly select an RU pattern to transmit Msg3 and the corresponding repetitions (s) . The number of RUs in an RU pattern can be configured associated with the CE-level by the eNB. For example, assuming the number of RUs on the frequency domain is 1 (i.e., M=1 in FIG. 8 ) and the number of RUs in the time domain is 10 (i.e., N=10 in FIG. 8 ) , and the number of repetitions is 2 for CE-level0, the RU_index 1 may indicate that the RU 1 and RU 6 are selected for transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition, the RU_index 2 may indicate the RU 2 and RU 7, the RU_index 3 may indicate the RU 3 and RU 8, etc. Note that the RUs in an RU pattern may be configured in the same frequency domain or in different frequency domain. For the other example, assuming the number of RUs on the frequency domain is 3 (i.e., M=3 in FIG. 8 ) and the number of RUs in the time domain is 10 (i.e., N=10 in FIG. 8 ) , and the number of repetitions is 3 for CE-level1, the RU_index 1 may indicate that the RU 1, RU 10, and RU 19 are selected for transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) , the RU_index 2 may indicate the RU 5, RU 14, and RU 23, the RU_index 3 may indicate the RU 9, RU 18, and RU 27, etc. The advantage of a CB-PUR / RU pattern is to allow the eNB to determine the positions of Msg3 and the corresponding repetitions (s) . If Msg3 in the first CB-PUR / RU in a CB / PUR / RU pattern is decoded successfully, the eNB transmits a contention resolution (known as message four, Msg4) without waiting for the corresponding repetition (s) . The eNB can skip decoding the corresponding repetition (s) in the following CB-PUR (s) / RU (s) in the CB-PUR / RU pattern, thus avoiding unnecessary decoding. On the other hand, if Msg3 in the first CB-PUR / RU in a CB-PUR / RU pattern is not decoded successfully, a contention resolution will not be transmitted until the eNB successfully decodes Msg3 through the corresponding repetition (s) . The eNB can save Msg3 in the HARQ buffer and decode Msg3 using the corresponding repetition (s) with different HARQ RV (s) , therefore decoding rate can be improved.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 9 , a CB-PUR and its repetition (s) are periodically allocated within a CB-PUR periodicity, and the number of repetitions can be based on the UE’s CE-level. When the number of repetitions is zero, the CB-PUR is similar to the legacy PUSCH occasion for Msg3 transmission. The CB-PUR and its repetition (s) is transmitted on a group of PUSCH occasions, which can be processed by the UE (such as UE 100) and the satellite (i.e., base station) as a window comprising one or more PUSCH occasions for transmission of CB-PUR and repetition (s) . The eNB may configure a start time (e.g., hyper-frame, frame, subframe, and / or slot) , a window size (e.g., number of PUSCH occasions) . The periodicity of the window is equal to the CB-PUR periodicity. The window size may be equal to or shorter than the CB-PUR periodicity. When the window size is shorter than the CB-PUR periodicity, some resources during one CB-PUR period can be reserved for downlink data / signaling. FIG. 9 shows that the start time of the window is aligned with the start time of a CB-PUR (i.e., a PUSCH occasion) . FIG. 9 also shows how to index the CB-PURs associated with the CB-PUR periodicity. The CB-PURs in the same time domain can be organized and identified sequentially based on their Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) or subcarriers, arranged in ascending order. The CB-PUR and its corresponding repetition (s) within a CB-PUR periodicity can be indexed with the same CB-PUR index. This means the eNB can index the PUSCH occasions in the window by configuring the same index. For each CE-level, the PUSCH occasions within the window may be configured along the time domain, the frequency domain, or both the time and frequency domains. To transmit a Msg3, the UE first selects the next upcoming window based on its CE-level and randomly selects a number of PUSCH occasions for a CB-PUR and its corresponding repetition (s) from the selected window based on its CE-level. The number of PUSCH occasions for CB-PUR repetition can be configured by the eNB. That is, the window size for CB-PUR repetition can be configured by the eNB. The window size or the number of PUSCH occasions for CB-PUR and its repetition (s) can be configured based on a CE level.
[0120] Note that the window may be a sliding window or a fixed window. The start time of the next upcoming window is aligned with the next upcoming PUSCH occasion if the window is a sliding window. alternatively, the start time of the next upcoming window is aligned with the next CB-PUR periodicity if the window is a fixed window. For the selected window in time domain, the UE can randomly select a frequency domain based on the UE’s CE-level. Alternatively, the UE (such as UE 100) may select the window based on its UE ID. Note that the window with different CE-levels may be configured in different carriers. For example, the window with CE-level0 is configured in the anchor carrier, and the window (s) with CE-level1 / 2 / 3 is configured in the non-anchor carrier (s) . When the CB-PUR resources are configured across different carriers, the UE (such as UE 100) should select a carrier based on its CE-level. A CB-PUR can be configured in the following ways. a. CB-PUR is configured by a specific radio resource control (RRC) message for a UE (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionReconfiguration, or a new RRC message) . The biggest benefit of configuring CB-PUR through an RRC message is that the base station can know and control the number of UEs (such as UEs 100) transmitting Msg3 on the CB-PUR. Based on this knowledge, the eNB can configure appropriate CB-PUR for the UEs and control the collision probability at a low level. The disadvantage of this method is that the RRC message overhead increases depending on the number of UEs. b. CB-PUR is configured by a broadcast message for multiple UEs (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType2 or a new system information) . The benefit of configuring CB-PUR through a broadcast message is reduced control overhead. However, the eNB cannot know the exact number of UEs that are going to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR, so that it cannot configure appropriate CB-PUR in time to control the collision probability at a low level.
[0121] CB-PUR may be configured separately from the Random Access Channel (RACH) . Whether the UE (such as UE 100) will use the CB-PUR may be based on the signal quality from the satellite. When the signal quality is good, the UE selects the CB-PUR / RU with low CE-level. Otherwise, the UE selects the CB-PUR / RU with high CE-level. For example, a set of thresholds are configured, namely, thresholds 1, 2, 3, and 4 in order of magnitude, for selecting the CB-PUR / RU. When the Reference Symbol Received Power (RSRP) / Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) / Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is higher than or equal to the threshold 1, the UE may select the CB-PUR / RU with CE-level0 for Msg3 transmission. When the RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ is lower than the threshold 1 and higher than or equal to the threshold 2, the UE may select the CB-PUR / RU with CE-Level1 for Msg3 transmission. When the RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ is lower than the threshold 2 and higher than or equal to the threshold 3, the UE may select the CB-PUR / RU with CE-level2 for Msg3 transmission. When the RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ is lower than the threshold 3 and higher than or equal to the threshold 4, the UE may select the CB-PUR / RU with CE-level3 for Msg3 transmission. When the RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ is lower than the threshold 4, the UE may perform random access procedure through the RACH or Early Data Transmission (EDT) for Msg3 transmission.
[0122] In addition to the signal quality of the satellite, the UE (such as UE 100) may also consider Msg3 size (e.g., MAC PDU size and / or uplink data size) to determine whether the CB-PUR / RU will be used. When Msg3 size (e.g., MAC PDU size and / or uplink data size) is larger than the maximum TBS of the CB-PUR / RU, the UE is not allowed to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR / RU.
[0123] The UE (such as UE 100) may first determine the CE-level based on the signal quality (e.g., RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ) of the satellite and then determine whether to select the CB-PUR / RU based on the maximum TBS. In this case, maximum TBS may be configured with different sizes for each CE-level. On the other hand, the UE first determines whether to select the CB-PUR / RU based on the maximum TBS and then determines the CE-level based on the signal quality of the satellite. In this case, the maximum TBS is fixed for all CE-levels. In another implementation, the UE may consider the signal quality of the satellite and the maximum TBS simultaneously to determine whether to use CB-PUR / RU and the CE-level of the CB-PUR / RU. Msg3
[0124] Msg3 is the message transmitted in the third step of the legacy random access procedure. In principle, Msg3 is used for transmitting UE’s identity (e.g., UE (resume) ID or (temporary) C-RNTI) to notify the base station which UE initiates the random access procedure. When Msg3 is transmitted in a CB-PUR, there is no random access preamble and random access response (RAR) before Msg3. The temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) has not been assigned to the UE, thus the temporary RNTI may be configured to be empty or the C-RNTI received in the previous RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0125] In 3GPP rel-15, Msg3 may comprise / multiplex small data to reduce the transmission latency. Depending on the nodes in the core network (CN) through which data follow, there are two types of data transmission: one is through the Control Plane (CP) and the other is through the User Plane (UP) . a. Msg3 for Control Plane Mobile Originated (MO) / Mobile Terminated (MT) data transmission When the UL data passes through the Mobile Management Entity (MME) , it is said that the data passes through the CP, where the data is encrypted into a Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol data unit (PDU) and contained in a NAS container of Msg3. The NAS PDU is decrypted by the MME and then forwarded to the Serving Gateway (S-GW) . b. Msg3 for User Plane MO / MT data transmission When the UL data is transferred from the eNB to the S-GW, it is said that the data passes through the UP, where the data is multiplexed with Msg3 into a MAC PDU. The base station receives the MAC PDU and then forwards the data to the S-GW. Contention resolution
[0126] After the UE (such as UE 100) transmits Msg3 (i.e., including all the repetitions of Msg3) in the CB-PUR, the UE starts a contention resolution timer to monitor a Downlink Control Information (DCI) in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) that schedules the resource of the contention resolution. A period timed by a contention resolution timer can also be referred to as a PDCCH monitoring window. Because the UE may transmit Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) in a CB-PUR periodicity, multiple contention resolution timers may be started for Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) respectively. Each contention resolution timer is initiated after completion of all (physical layer) repetitions of Msg3, including corresponding repetitions, with an added delay equal a UE-to-eNB round trip time (RTT) . That is, each contention resolution timer is initiated after the completion of all (physical layer) repetitions of Msg3, with an additional delay equal to the UE-to-eNB RTT. The length of contention resolution timer should be based on the repetition number of DCI (i.e., the repetition number of DCI is based on UE’s CE-level) and smaller than the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle of the UE. In this case, the UE monitors a contention resolution for each contention resolution timer. If the UE can simultaneously transmit Msg3 and receive the contention resolution (i.e., the UE’s capability is full duplex) , the UE can monitor the contention resolution before transmitting the remaining repetition (s) . When a contention resolution is successfully received (i.e., L1 ACK, MAC PDU or RRC message) , the UE stops transmitting the remaining repetition (s) and the contention resolution timers. If the UE cannot simultaneously transmit the Msg3 and receive the contention resolution (i.e., the UE’s capability is half duplex) , the UE monitors the contention resolution only after all repetitions of Msg3 are completed.
[0127] In an alternative embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) may start only one contention resolution timer for Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) and monitor the contention resolution within the contention resolution timer. The contention resolution timer may be initiated after the completion of the first Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) of the first Msg3 in a CB-PUR periodicity plus a UE-to-eNB RTT. That is, the contention resolution timer may be initiated after the completion of the first Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) of the first Msg3 in a CB-PUR periodicity, with an additional delay equal to the UE-to-eNB RTT. The length of contention resolution timer should be based on the repetition number of DCI plus the CB-PUR periodicity of Msg3 and should be smaller than the DRX cycle of the UE. Because the repetition number of DCI and the CB-PUR periodicity is based on UE’s CE-level, the length of contention resolution timer is CE-level specific. The contention resolution timer is stopped when a contention resolution is successfully received by the UE.
[0128] A contention resolution is a response to Msg3, and it was transmitted from the base station (e.g., eNB / gNB) to the UE (such as UE 100) .
[0129] The contention resolution may have the following approaches: a. L1 ACK –An L1 ACK is an acknowledgement of physical layer. The advantage of L1 ACK is that the response time is the shortest among the three approaches. The disadvantage is that the L1 ACK carries limited information (e.g., only one bit for ACK / NACK) . When the UE has only one uplink transmission without subsequent downlink data, the UE stops the contention resolution timer after receiving the L1 ACK. In this case, the L1 ACK is the last message of the EDT procedure. The eNB may configure whether an L1 ACK is sufficient to acknowledge Msg3 for the UE with only one uplink data. If there is subsequent downlink data or the eNB configures UE to receive the RRC message after the L1 ACK, the UE does not stop the contention resolution timer after receiving the L1 ACK and continuously monitors the DCI to receive the subsequent downlink data carried in the RRC message. When receiving an L1 NACK, the UE stops the contention resolution timer and attempts to select another RU / CB-PUR for Msg3 retransmission. b. Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) –A MAC PDU (e.g., UE Contention Resolution Identity MAC field) is an acknowledgement of MAC layer. The advantage of a MAC PDU is that it can carry more information than the L1 ACK. The disadvantage is that the MAC PDU may not carry corresponding downlink data if any. For example, for the UE (s) whose Msg3 is successfully received by the eNB, the eNB transmits a MAC PDU carrying the Contention Resolution Identity of the UE (s) . The UE Contention Resolution Identity may be the first 48 bits of the uplink CCCH SDU in Msg3. For the UE (s) whose Msg3 is not received by the eNB, the eNB transmits a MAC PDU containing a backoff indicator. The Contention Resolution Identities and the backoff indicator can be multiplexed in a MAC PDU. When a UE receives the MAC PDU whose Contention Resolution Identity matches the first 48 bits of the uplink CCCH SDU in Msg3, the UE thinks that Msg3 contention is successful and terminates the EDT procedure or continuously monitors the subsequent downlink data in the RRC message. When a UE receives the MAC PDU whose Contention Resolution Identity does not match the first 48 bits of the uplink CCCH SDU in Msg3, the UE thinks that Msg3 contention is failed and waits for a period of time (i.e., the UE randomly selects a backoff time using a uniform distribution between 0 and the value in the backoff indicator) to retransmit Msg3. In addition to the Contention Resolution Identity, the MAC PDU may contain Time Advance Command for updating the timing advance for the UE, a new C-RNTI assigned for the UE, and / or HARQ ACK resource for indicating the HARQ feedback resource for the MAC PDU. When the UE has only one uplink transmission without subsequent downlink data, the UE stops the contention resolution timer after receiving the MAC PDU. In this case, the MAC PDU is the last message of the EDT procedure. If there is subsequent downlink data, the UE does not stop the contention resolution timer after receiving the MAC PDU carrying the UE’s Contention Resolution Identity and continuously monitors the DCI to receive the subsequent downlink data carried in the RRC message. c. RRC message –An RRC message is an acknowledgement of RRC layer. The advantage of an RRC message is that it can carry the most information among the three approaches, including corresponding downlink data if any. The disadvantage is that the response time is the longest among the three approaches. When the UE has one uplink transmission with subsequent downlink data, the UE will expect to receive an RRC message containing corresponding downlink data. (i.e., even the UE receives an L1 ACK or a MAC PDU, it does not stop the contention resolution timer and waits to receive an RRC message from the eNB. ) When the eNB successfully receives Msg3 from a UE, the eNB should assign a new C-RNTI for the UE in the RRC message. In an alternative embodiment, the eNB may assign a new C-RNIT by the MAC PDU multiplexed with the RRC message.
[0130] The contention resolution may comprise only an L1 ACK, a combination of an L1 ACK and a MAC PDU, a combination of an L1 ACK and an RRC message, or a combination of an L1 ACK, a MAC PDU, and an RRC message. Whether it is L1 ACK or MAC PDU or RRC message, the contention resolution or the Downlink Control Information (DCI) for scheduling the contention resolution is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UE (such as UE 100) that successfully transmitted Msg3. In this case, the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI identifies the UE in a cell or in a satellite supporting CB-PUR.
[0131] In an alternative embodiment, the contention resolution or the DCI for scheduling the contention resolution is scrambled with a resource location of Msg3 (i.e., the CB-PUR-RNTI is associated with the resource location) , which may comprise the transmission time of Msg3 (e.g., slot number, subframe number, system frame number, hyper super frame number of Msg3, and / or the combination of above number) and / or transmission frequency of Msg3 (e.g., subcarrier number, resource block number, CB-PUR number, and / or the combination of above number) . The CB-PUR-RNTI may be computed as: CB-PUR-RNTI = a + b*RU_index + c*CB-PUR_index (1)
[0132] where a, b, c are integer, the RU_index (or Msg3 occasion or PUSCH occasion) indicates the selected RUs or RU pattern for transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) , and the CB-PUR_index indicates the selected CB-PUR or CB-PUR pattern for transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) . The integer a can be an offset for avoiding the overlapping between CB-PUR-RNTI and other RNTIs (e.g., random access RNTI, RA-RNTI) . In an alternative embodiment, the RU_index may be a common index for all selected RUs in a CB-PUR. For example, RU_index = RU_M AND RU_N if RU M and RU N are selected for transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition. The RU_index may be composed of the time domain (e.g., frame / subframe / slot) , the frequency domain (e.g., subcarrier or PRB) , and / or the code domain (e.g., OCC) of the selected RUs or RU pattern. When the integer b is zero, the CB-PURI-RNTI does not consider the selected RUs in a CB-PUR. The CB-PUR_index may be a common index for all the CB-PURs in a CB-PUR periodicity. The CB-PUR_index may be configured based on the time domain (e.g., hyper-frame / frame / subframe / slot) , the frequency domain (e.g., subcarrier or PRB) , the code domain (e.g., OCC) , and / or the CE-level of the CB-PURs in a CB-PUR periodicity. CB-PUR-RNTI in Equation (1) generates a common RNTI for Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) in a CB-PUR periodicity, which means the same CB-PUR-RNTI may be generated when the UEs (such as UEs 100) selects the same CB-PUR (pattern) and RU (pattern) .
[0133] In an alternative embodiment, the CB-PUR-RNTI may be generated based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location: CB-PUR-RNTI = a + b*t_index + c*f_index + d*c_index + e*carrier_index (2) where a, b, c, d, e are integer, t_index is the index of the first hyper frame / frame / subframe / slot of the first CB-PUR repetition, f_index is the index of the CB-PUR on the same timeline (e.g., hyper frame / frame / subframe / slot) , in ascending order of frequency domain, c_index is the index of the selected OCC on the CB-PUR, and carrier_index is the index of the UL carrier associated with the specified CB-PUR. For example, the carrier_id of the anchor carrier is 0, and the carrier_id of the non-anchor carrier is 1. Further, since the CB-PUR may repeat multiple times at high CE-level, the t_index may cause system frame number (SFN) or hyper-SFN wraparound issue. Therefore, the t_index can be compressed through modulo operation or division operation for the SFN / H-SFN to overcome the SFN / H-SFN wraparound issue. Equation (2) generates a specific RNTI or a common RNTI depending on the granularity of the t_index and f_index. When the t_index and f_index indicate an RU, Equation (2) generates a specific RNTI for each RU in a CB-PUR. When the t_index and f_index indicate a CB-PUR, Equation (2) generates a common RNTI for a whole CB-PUR.
[0134] The advantage of a common RNTI is that the eNB can use the common RNTI to schedule multiple contention resolutions for the UEs (such as UEs 100) transmitting Msg3 and the corresponding repetition (s) on a large UL resource (e.g., multiple RUs in the same time / frequency domain, an RU pattern, or a CB-PUR) . For example, the eNB can use a common RNTI to schedule L1 ACKs responsible for the UEs transmitting Msg3 in the same PRB / subcarrier in a CB-PUR. For another example, the eNB can use a common RNTI to schedule a MAC PDU containing multiple instances of the first 48 bits of the uplink CCCH SDU for the multiple UEs that transmit Msg3 in the same transmission time interval (TTI) .
[0135] Note that the CB-PUR-RNTI may be computed by the combination of any index in the equation (1) and (2) . For example, deleting t_index in Equation (2) generates a common CB-PUR-RNTI in different time domains in a CB-PUR. Deleting f_index in Equation (2) generates a common CB-PUR-RNTI in different frequency domains in a CB-PUR. Deleting c_index in Equation (2) generates a common CB-PUR-RNTI in different code domains in a CB-PUR. Fallback procedure for failure handling
[0136] When the following conditions are met, the fallback procedure for the Control Plane or User Plane MO / MT-EDT is triggered. a. The size of downlink data to be transmitted to the UE is beyond a threshold. When the downlink data to be transmitted cannot be accommodated in one transport block (i.e., the size of downlink data and the corresponding control message such as an RRC message and / or a medium access control (MAC) message is larger than the maximum transport block size (TBS) ) , the eNB may transmit a specific RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionSetup) to indicate the UE (such as UE 100) to establish an RRC connection and enter RRC_Connected to continue the subsequent data transmission. b. The number of Msg3 transmissions is beyond a threshold. If the UE (such as UE 100) does not receive any contention resolution (e.g., L1 ACK / NACK, MAC PDU, and / or RRC message) for Msg3 over CB-PUR, the UE increases a counter for counting the number of Msg3 transmission by 1. When the number of Msg3 transmissions is beyond a threshold, the UE gives up Msg3 transmission. For Msg3 retransmission, the UE may back off for a random period of time (referred to as a backoff time) and continue transmitting Msg3 over the CB-PUR. In the other way, the UE may retransmit Msg3 over the CB-PUR with higher CE-level. (i.e., with more repetitions within a CB-PUR periodicity) Alternatively, the UE may also fall back to 4-step random access procedure. The threshold may be configured by the eNB through an RRC information element (IE) . c. The load of CB-PUR is beyond a threshold. When the load of CB-PUR is high, the collision probability of Msg3 becomes high. The eNB can command the UE (such as UE 100) to back off Msg3 transmission over the CB-PUR by transmitting a backoff indicator in the contention resolution message (e.g., MAC PDU or RRC message) . After receiving the backoff indicator, the UE backs off for a period of time (e.g., a random period referred to as backoff time) and transmit Msg3 over the CB-PUR again. The eNB can also command the UE to fall back to 4-step random access procedure by transmitting a fallback indicator in the contention resolution (e.g., MAC PDU or RRC message) . After receiving the fallback indicator, the UE initiates a 4-step random access procedure to establish a radio bearer to transmit the MO data or receive the MT data. d. The packet loss rate (PLR) is beyond a threshold. When the PLR is beyond a threshold (e.g., 10%) , the CB-PUR may perform worse than the legacy RACH. The eNB can enable an Access Class Barring (ACB) to prevent the UEs (such as UEs 100) from using the CB-PUR. In the other way, the eNB may configure the UE with a large backoff time to reduce Msg3 attempt over the CB-PUR. The large backoff time may be configured in the contention resolution message (e.g., MAC PDU or RRC message) . The eNB can also command the UE to fall back to 4-step random access procedure by transmitting a fallback indicator in the contention resolution (e.g., MAC PDU or RRC message) . After receiving the fallback indicator, the UE initiates a 4-step random access procedure to transmit the MO data or receive the MT data over the legacy RACH. Store and forward operation for the satellite
[0137] In 3GPP Rel-19, the store and forward (S&F) operation of a satellite is studied. When the S&F is operated on the satellite, the eNB (i.e., implemented on the satellite) receives uplink data from the UE (such as UE 100) when the service link (i.e., the link between the UE and the satellite) is available, and the uplink data is stored in the satellite (e.g., the eNB or MME-onboard) until the feeder link (i.e., the link between the satellite and the ground station) is available. A satellite may carry an NTN payload, and a ground station may operate as a NTN gateway. A feeder link is a wireless link between the NTN Gateway and the NTN payload. A service link is a wireless link between the NTN payload and the UE. When the feeder link is available, the satellite (e.g., the eNB or MME-onboard) transmits the uplink data to the Core Network (CN) on the ground station (e.g., MME-ground) . If there is corresponding downlink data (e.g., acknowledgement of the uplink data) to be transmitted to the UE, the downlink data is stored in the CN (e.g., MME-ground) until the feeder link is available. The CN (e.g., MME-ground) selects the satellite and transmits the downlink data to the satellite (i.e., this satellite may be different from the satellite receiving the uplink data) when the feeder link between the CN and the selected satellite is available. The satellite (e.g., the eNB or MME-onboard) stores the downlink data and transmits it to the UE when the service link is available again.
[0138] Depending on the existing MO-EDT procedure in Figures 1 and 2, the eNB transmits the contention resolution (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete message or RRCConnectionRelease message) after performing uplink and downlink data transmission toward the CN entity. In S&F scenario, however, the data transmission between the eNB and the CN can only take place after the feeder link is available, which means that the contention resolution for Msg3 can only be transmitted after a certain period of time. The delay of contention resolution will cause the UE’s Msg3 timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) to expire. In the existing Msg3 timer configuration, the length of Msg3 timer can be configured from a few seconds to hundreds of seconds, which is much smaller than the interval between two consecutive satellites. When Msg3 timer expires, the UE considers that the previous Msg3 fails and retransmits Msg3 again. To avoid this situation, the contention resolution (e.g., L1 ACK / NCAK or MAC PDU) should be transmitted by the eNB before performing data transmission to the CN entity. In an alternative embodiment, the eNB transmits back the contention resolution (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete) with a release cause (e.g., S&F or other) to release the UE to RRC_IDLE before it can transmit the uplink data to the CN entity or transmits back the contention resolution (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease) with a release cause (e.g., S&F or other) to suspend the UE to RRC_INACTIVE before it can transmit the uplink data to the CN. In an alternative embodiment, the length of Msg3 timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) should be extended (e.g., ranges from hundreds of seconds to several hours) so that it can cover the time for data transmission in S&F scenario. 1. CP MO data transmission over CB-PUR
[0139] FIG. 10 shows the procedure of Control Plane MO data transmission over the CB-PUR in a 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. In this embodiment, the eNB, MME, and S-GW may be implemented on the ground. The data transmission between the UE (such as UE 100) and the eNB is via a satellite, which is not shown in FIG. 10. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G New Radio (NR) network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , and the data routing function is the User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0140] Step 1: Before the satellite leaves the UE’s coverage, the base station (e.g., eNB) transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of contention-based PUR (CB-PUR) and / or dedicated PUR (D-PUR) for the UE. In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message or an RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0141] In some embodiments, the CB-PUR is a preconfigured uplink resource for contention-based Msg3 transmissions for multiple UEs (such as UEs 100) in a cell. The CB-PUR may be divided into multiple resources (e.g., RUs) associated with specific coverage enhancement (CE) level (s) , RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ threshold (s) , the number of repetitions, and / or maximum TBS (s) .
[0142] In some embodiments, the D-PUR is a preconfigured uplink resource dedicated for the UE (such as UE 100) for transmitting uplink data / signaling. The D-PUR may be allocated associated with the UE’s specific CE level, RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ threshold (s) , the number of repetitions, and / or maximum TBS.
[0143] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE (such as UE 100) . The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or CB-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the CB-PUR. When the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the RRC message, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0144] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a D-PUR-RNTI for the UE (such as UE 100) . The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or D-PUR-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the D-PUR. The C-RNTI and the D-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI. One objective of related standardization efforts include the evaluation of Diversity Slotted ALOHA (DSA) and Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted ALOHA (CRDSA) for Msg3-EDT transmissions without Msg1 / RAR, assessing their impact on specifications with the potential for future technical collaboration. For IoT NTN UEs (such as UEs 100) in an IDLE state utilizing the new contention-based procedure introduced in Release 19, it is necessary for the UE to verify or update uplink synchronization-such as obtaining a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) fix or acquiring a Timing Advance (TA) -immediately prior to transmitting Msg3, ensuring reliable communication in the challenging NTN environment.
[0145] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0146] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE (such as UE 100) releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE.
[0147] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. )
[0148] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0149] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0150] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0151] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0152] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS Release Assistance Indication (RAI) .
[0153] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum TBS size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0154] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is RRCEarlyDataRequest and the data is encapsulated as a NAS PDU carried in Msg3.
[0155] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE (such as UE 100) starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0156] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3 (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing Msg3 is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) . In an alternative embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0157] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC Control Element (CE) (e.g., Downlink Channel Quality Report (DCQR) and AS Release Assistance Indication (RAI) MAC Control Element) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0158] In some embodiments, the UE (such as UE 100) selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0159] Step 5: The eNB transmits S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME. The S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE comprises the NAS PDU carrying the uplink data.
[0160] Step 6: The MME decapsulates the NAS PDU and transmits the uplink data to the Serving Gateway (S-GW) . The uplink data may be carried in the Modify Bear Request message.
[0161] Step 7: If there is corresponding downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data in the Modify Bearer Response message. If there is no downlink data, the S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message without downlink data.
[0162] Step 8: The MME transmits S1-AP: DL NAS TRANSPORT message to the eNB. The S1-AP: DL NAS TRANSPORT message may optionally comprise the NAS PDU carrying the downlink data.
[0163] Step 9: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE (such as UE 100) .
[0164] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is no downlink data, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE (such as UE 100) successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the Layer 1 ACK is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0165] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is no downlink data, the Contention Resolution of the UE (such as UE 100) may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE (such as UE 100) successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the MAC PDU is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0166] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is at most one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCEarlyDataComplete message plus the NAS PDU and corresponding MAC header / CE is equal to or smaller than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The downlink data is encrypted as a NAS PDU and concatenated in the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE (such as UE 100) successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCEarlyDataComplete message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0167] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCEarlyDataComplete message plus the NAS PDU and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE (such as UE 100) falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionSetup message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0168] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE (such as UE 100) by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0169] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) . After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE (such as UE 100) retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over RACH.
[0170] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0171] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE (such as UE 100) may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. Step 10: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB and the MME is released.
[0172] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE (such as UE 100) Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO transmission) .
[0173] In some embodiments, the MME transmits an S1-AP: UE (such as UE 100) Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0174] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0175] Step 11: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME and the S-GW is released.
[0176] In some embodiments, the MME transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE (such as UE 100) .
[0177] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE (such as UE 100) . 2. UP MO data transmission over CB-PUR
[0178] FIG. 11 shows the procedure of User Plane MO data transmission over the CB-PUR in a 4G LTE network. In this embodiment, the eNB, MME, and S-GW may be implemented on the ground. The data transmission between the UE (such as UE 100) and the eNB is via a satellite, which is not shown in FIG. 11. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0179] Step 1: The base station (e.g., eNB) transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of contention-based PUR (CB-PUR) and / or dedicated PUR (D-PUR) for the UE.
[0180] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0181] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a Resume ID. The UE uses the assigned Resume ID to resume its context in the next RRC establishment procedure.
[0182] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a suspend indication for suspending the radio bearer.
[0183] In some embodiments, the RRC message may also comprise a nextHopChainingCount used by the UE to derive Access Stratum (AS) keys (e.g., KeNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPenc and KUPint) . The AS keys can be used for the integrity and ciphering of the next RRC message (s) .
[0184] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE suspends the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0185] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. )
[0186] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0187] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0188] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0189] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0190] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0191] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum TBS size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0192] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The data is multiplexed with the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The RRCConnectionResumeRequest message comprises the Resume ID assigned in step 1.
[0193] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0194] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., Resume ID in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0195] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0196] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0197] Step 5: The eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message to the MME.
[0198] Step 6: The MME transmits a Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW to resume the S11-U bearer (s) .
[0199] Step 7: The S-GW transmits a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME as a response to the Modify Bearer Request message.
[0200] Step 8: The MME transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message to the eNB as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message, the eNB resumes the UE context of S1 bearer (s) .
[0201] Step 9: The eNB transmits the uplink data to the S-GW.
[0202] Step 10: If there is corresponding downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data to the eNB.
[0203] Step 11: The S1 connection between the eNB and the MME is released.
[0204] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME to release the S1 bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO transmission) .
[0205] In some embodiments, the MME transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0206] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME releases all the S1 bearer (s) of the UE. Step 12: The S11 bearer (s) between the MME and the S-GW is released.
[0207] In some embodiments, the MME transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0208] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME releases all the S11 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0209] Step 13: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0210] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is no downlink data, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0211] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is no downlink data, the Contention Resolution may be a MAC PDU (e.g., Time Advance Command) for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. The MAC PDU may contain multiple contention resolutions for the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may contain multiple identities (e.g., ue-Identity of the UEs) to identify the contention resolutions for the UEs. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0212] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is at most one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is equal to or smaller than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The downlink data is transmitted on dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) multiplexed with the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE (such as UE 100) successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0213] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0214] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionResume message. After receiving the RRCConnectionResume message, the UE resumes the RRC Connection and transmits the RRCConnectionResumeComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionResume message. The RRCConnectionResume message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0215] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns the UE with the Resume ID in the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or with a new RNTI in the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0216] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0217] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0218] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. 3. CP MT data transmission over CB-PUR
[0219] FIG. 12 shows the procedure of Control Plane MT data transmission over the CB-PUR in a 4G LTE network. In this embodiment, the eNB, MME, and S-GW may be implemented on the ground. The data transmission between the UE (such as UE 100) and the eNB is via a satellite, which is not shown in FIG. 12. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0220] Step 1: The base station (e.g., eNB) transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of contention-based PUR (CB-PUR) and / or dedicated PUR (D-PUR) for the UE.
[0221] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message or an RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0222] In some embodiments, the CB-PUR is a preconfigured uplink resource for contention-based Msg3 transmissions for multiple UEs (such as UEs 100) in a cell. The CB-PUR may be divided into multiple resources associated with specific CE level (s) , RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ threshold (s) , the number of repetitions, and / or maximum TBS (s) .
[0223] In some embodiments, the D-PUR is a preconfigured uplink resource dedicated for the UE for transmitting uplink data / signaling. The D-PUR may be allocated associated with the UE’s specific CE level, RSRP / RSSI / RSRQ threshold (s) , the number of repetitions, and / or maximum TBS.
[0224] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or CB-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the CB-PUR. When the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the RRC message, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0225] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a D-PUR-RNTI for the UE. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or D-PUR-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the D-PUR. The C-RNTI and the D-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0226] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0227] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE.
[0228] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. )
[0229] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0230] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0231] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0232] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0233] Step 4: When the S-GW receives downlink data for the UE, it buffers the downlink data and transmits a Downlink Data Notification with downlink data size information to the MME. The MME responds to the S-GW with a Downlink Data Notification Ack message.
[0234] Step 5: The MME transmits S1-AP: PAGING message to the eNB to page the UE. The S1-AP: PAGING message includes a Data Size IE, and the eNB determines whether to initiate (CB-based) MT-EDT procedures towards the UE based on the data size.
[0235] In some embodiments, the MT-EDT procedures may be performed on the CB-PUR or the D-PUR.
[0236] Step 6: The eNB pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. When the eNB determines to initiate the MT-EDT procedure, the paging message contains the MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0237] Step 7: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0238] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is RRCEarlyDataRequest.
[0239] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0240] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0241] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0242] Step 8: The eNB transmits S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME. The S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE comprises an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., EDT session IE) .
[0243] Step 9: The MME transmits the Modify Bear Request message to the S-GW.
[0244] Step 10: The S-GW transmits the Modify Bear Response message and the downlink data to the MME.
[0245] Step 11: The MME transmits S1-AP: DL NAS TRANSPORT message to the eNB. The S1-AP: DL NAS TRANSPORT message contains the NAS PDU carrying the downlink data.
[0246] Step 12: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0247] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0248] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCEarlyDataComplete message plus the NAS PDU and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. The downlink data is encrypted as a NAS PDU and concatenated in the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0249] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0250] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0251] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0252] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0253] Step 13: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB and the MME is released.
[0254] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO transmission) .
[0255] In some embodiments, the MME transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0256] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0257] Step 14: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME and the S-GW is released.
[0258] In some embodiments, the MME transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0259] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE. 4. UP MT data transmission over CB-PUR
[0260] FIG. 13 shows the procedure of User Plane MT data transmission over the CB-PUR in a 4G LTE network. In this embodiment, the eNB, MME, and S-GW may be implemented on the ground. The data transmission between the UE (such as UE 100) and the eNB is via a satellite, which is not shown in FIG. 13. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0261] Step 1: The base station (e.g., eNB) transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of contention-based PUR (CB-PUR) and / or dedicated PUR (D-PUR) for the UE.
[0262] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0263] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a Resume ID. The UE uses the assigned Resume ID to resume its context in the next RRC establishment procedure.
[0264] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0265] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a suspend indication for suspending the radio bearer.
[0266] In some embodiments, the RRC message may also comprise a nextHopChainingCount used by the UE to derive Access Stratum (AS) keys (e.g., KeNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPenc and KUPint) . The AS keys can be used for the integrity and ciphering of the next RRC message (s) .
[0267] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE suspends the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0268] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. )
[0269] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0270] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0271] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0272] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0273] Step 4: When the S-GW receives downlink data for the UE, it buffers the downlink data and transmits a Downlink Data Notification with downlink data size information to the MME. The MME responds to the S-GW with a Downlink Data Notification Ack message.
[0274] Step 5: The MME transmits S1-AP: PAGING message to the eNB to page the UE. The S1-AP: PAGING message includes a Data Size IE, and the eNB determines whether to initiate (CB-based) MT-EDT procedures towards the UE based on the data size.
[0275] In some embodiments, the MT-EDT procedures may be performed on the CB-PUR or the D-PUR.
[0276] Step 6: The eNB pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. When the eNB determines to initiate the MT-EDT procedure, the paging message contains the MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0277] Step 7: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0278] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The RRCConnectionResumeRequest message comprises the Resume ID assigned in step 1.
[0279] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0280] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0281] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0282] Step 8: The eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message to the MME. The S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message comprises the Resume ID.
[0283] Step 9: The MME transmits a Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW to resume the S11-U bearer (s) .
[0284] Step 10: The S-GW transmits a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME as a response to the Modify Bearer Request message.
[0285] Step 11: The MME transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message to the eNB as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message, the eNB resumes the UE context of S1 bearer (s) .
[0286] Step 12: The S-GW transmits the downlink data to the eNB.
[0287] Step 13: The S1 connection between the eNB and the MME is released.
[0288] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME to release the S1 bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO transmission) .
[0289] In some embodiments, the MME transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0290] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME releases all the S1 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0291] Step 14: The S11 bearer (s) between the MME and the S-GW is released.
[0292] In some embodiments, the MME transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0293] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME releases all the S11 bearer (s) of the UE.
[0294] Step 15: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0295] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is at most one downlink data (i.e., the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is equal to or smaller than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The downlink data is transmitted on DTCH multiplexed with the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0296] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0297] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionResume message. After receiving the RRCConnectionResume message, the UE resumes the RRC Connection and transmits the RRCConnectionResumeComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionResume message. The RRCConnectionResume message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0298] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0299] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0300] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0301] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. 5. CP MO data transmission when the satellite supports S&F
[0302] In this embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) and the satellite (s) support store and forward (S&F) capability. When the UE supports S&F capability, it can select the satellite (s) with S&F capability for connection. To support S&F capability, the eNB, the MME, and / or the S-GW may be implemented onboard the satellite. In this embodiment, the MME functionality is split into two parts, which are MME-onboard and MME-ground. The MME-onboard is onboard the satellite and the MME-ground is on the ground network. In addition to the MME-onboard, the satellite also has eNB functionality. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0303] With reference to FIG. 14, a procedure of Control Plane MO data transmission through the satellite supporting S&F is illustrated in the following.
[0304] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB on the satellite transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of CB-PUR / D-PUR for the UE.
[0305] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message or an RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0306] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or CB-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the CB-PUR. When the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the RRC message, it is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0307] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a D-PUR-RNTI for the UE. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or D-PUR-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the D-PUR. The C-RNTI and the D-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0308] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0309] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the satellite may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellites includes the satellite ID (s) of the satellite (s) that supports S&F operation. The satellite ID (s) in the S&F monitoring list may belong to the same operator (i.e., public land mobile network, PLMN) . In addition, the satellites in the S&F monitoring list may store the context of the UE to help the UE to quickly complete the connection establishment between the UE and the MME-onboard. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE may be provided by the MME.
[0310] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of next arrival or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the same satellite is available again. When the wait timer is activated, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives. To avoid that large amounts of UEs (such as UEs 100) perform RRC connection requests simultaneously, the satellite (e.g., MME-onboard) can select the wait timer value that ensures the RRC connection requests are not synchronized among large amounts of UEs.
[0311] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0312] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain support indicator for S&F and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0313] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0314] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0315] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0316] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0317] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) .
[0318] In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information (e.g., system information block 1) to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator is present, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations are allowed to access the satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) are prohibited from accessing the satellite. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0319] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time (s) in the system information (e.g., system information block 31) indicating the start time and / or stop time of the S&F mode of the satellite. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and / or the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0320] In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time of the S&F mode, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of the next satellite (s) / the neighboring cell (s) . In some scenarios (e.g., the satellite is going to stop serving the cell of the UE, or the next satellite already starts to serve the cell of the UE and the service time is longer than the satellite’s ) , the UE with S&F capability may select the next satellite / neighbor cell based on the time information of the S&F mode of the next satellite (s) / neighbor cell (s) . In one another scenario, the UE without S&F capability may deprioritize the next satellite / neighbor cell operating in S&F mode.
[0321] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares the satellite ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. When the satellite ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access the satellite. In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast the neighboring satellite ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If the neighboring satellite ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward the neighboring satellite. In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI. Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum TBS size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0322] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is RRCEarlyDataRequest and the data is encapsulated as a NAS PDU carried in Msg3.
[0323] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0324] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0325] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0326] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0327] In some embodiments, the UE may prevent the transmission of Msg3 if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the CP MO data transmission.
[0328] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0329] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0330] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration of the service link of the serving satellite. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0331] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between the satellite and the MME-ground is available.
[0332] Step 5: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0333] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0334] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0335] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0336] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0337] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over RACH.
[0338] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0339] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit the MAC PDU and RRCConnectionReject message to reject the UE if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the CP MO data transmission.
[0340] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0341] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise a new C-RNTI or a new CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE to scramble the subsequent Msg3.
[0342] In some embodiments, the eNB on the satellite should transmit the contention resolution to the UE before the satellite leaves the coverage of the UE (i.e., service link of the UE expires) .
[0343] Step 6: When the feeder link is available, the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) transmits S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME-ground. The S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE comprises the NAS PDU carrying the uplink data.
[0344] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0345] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0346] In some embodiments, the eNB on the satellite may estimate and transmit the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration associated with the satellite ID to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0347] Step 7: The MME-ground decapsulates the NAS PDU and transmits the uplink data to the S-GW. The uplink data may be carried in the Modify Bear Request message.
[0348] Step 8: If there is corresponding downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data in the Modify Bearer Response message. If there is no downlink data, the S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message without downlink data.
[0349] Step 9: If there is downlink data and the feeder link is available, the MME-ground transmits S1-AP: DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message with the NAS PDU carrying the downlink data to the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) . When the service link is available (i.e., the link between the UE and the satellite) , the MME-onboard triggers a paging procedure to the UE.
[0350] In some embodiments, the MME-ground determines when the feeder link is available based on the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration received from the satellite.
[0351] Step 10: When the service link is available, the eNB pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. The paging message may contain an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0352] In some embodiments, the eNB determines when the service link is available based on the UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) .
[0353] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor the paging message when satellite ID is included in the received S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0354] Step 11: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 (i.e., RRCEarlyDataRequest) over the CB-PUR.
[0355] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0356] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1, step 3, or step 5. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0357] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0358] Step 12: The eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0359] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The downlink data is encrypted as a NAS PDU and concatenated in the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0360] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCEarlyDataComplete message plus the NAS PDU and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0361] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0362] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0363] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0364] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0365] Step 13: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0366] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO / MT transmission) .
[0367] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0368] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP:UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0369] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between the satellite and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB on the satellite and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB (on the satellite) detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB.
[0370] Step 14: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME-ground and the S-GW is released.
[0371] In some embodiments, the MME-ground transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0372] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME-ground releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE. 5. a CP MO data transmission when the satellite supports S&F
[0373] In this embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) and the satellite (s) support store and forward (S&F) capability. The contention resolution for Msg3 is transmitted after the satellite has completed the UL / DL data transmission. During the UL / DL data transmission in RACH procedure, the service link may be disconnected for a period of time. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF. With reference to FIG. 15, a procedure of Control Plane MO data transmission through the satellite supporting S&F is illustrated in the following.
[0374] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB on the satellite transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the configurations of CB-PUR / D-PUR for the UE.
[0375] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message or an RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0376] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or CB-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the CB-PUR. When the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the RRC message, it is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0377] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a D-PUR-RNTI. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or D-PUR-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the D-PUR. The C-RNTI and the D-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0378] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0379] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the satellite may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellites includes the satellite ID (s) of the satellite (s) that supports S&F operation. The satellite ID (s) in the S&F monitoring list may belong to the same PLMN. In addition, the satellites in the S&F monitoring list may store the context of the UE to help the UE to quickly complete the connection establishment between the UE and the MME-onboard. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE may be provided by the MME.
[0380] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of next arrival or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the same satellite is available again. When the wait timer is running, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives.
[0381] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0382] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain support indicator for S&F and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0383] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0384] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0385] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0386] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0387] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs.
[0388] In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator is present, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations are allowed to access the satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) are prohibited from accessing the satellite. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0389] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with UTC time (s) indicating the start time and / or stop time of the S&F mode. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and / or the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0390] In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time of the S&F mode, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of the next satellite (s) / the neighboring cell (s) .
[0391] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares the satellite ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. When the satellite ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access the satellite.
[0392] In some embodiments, the satellite may broadcast the neighboring satellite ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If the neighboring satellite ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward the neighboring satellite.
[0393] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0394] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0395] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is RRCEarlyDataRequest and the data is encapsulated as a NAS PDU carried in Msg3.
[0396] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3. In this embodiment, the maximum value of the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) should be extended. (e.g., ranges from hundreds of seconds to several hours)
[0397] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0398] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0399] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0400] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0401] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0402] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration of the service link of the serving satellite. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0403] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between the satellite and the MME-ground is available.
[0404] In some embodiments, the UE may activate a wait time after transmitting Msg3 with uplink. Before the wait time expires, the UE does not need to monitor the contention resolution message. The wait time may be configured by the eNB or the MME.
[0405] Step 5: When the feeder link is available, the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) transmits S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME-ground. The S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE comprises the NAS PDU carrying the uplink data.
[0406] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0407] In some embodiments, the satellite may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0408] In some embodiments, the eNB on the satellite may estimate and transmit the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration associated with the satellite ID to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0409] Step 6: The MME-ground decapsulates the NAS PDU and transmits the uplink data to the S-GW. The uplink data may be carried in the Modify Bear Request message.
[0410] Step 7: If there is corresponding downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data in the Modify Bearer Response message. If there is no downlink data, the S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message without downlink data.
[0411] Step 8: If there is downlink data and the feeder link is available, the MME-ground transmits S1-AP: DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message with the NAS PDU carrying the downlink data to the satellite (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on the satellite) . If there is no downlink data and the feeder link is available, the MME-ground transmits S1-AP: CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT INDICATION message with the End Indication IE set to “no further data” to the satellite to complete the establishment of the UE-associated logical S1-connection.
[0412] In some embodiments, the MME-ground determines when the feeder link is available based on the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration received from the satellite.
[0413] Step 9: When the service link is available, the eNB transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0414] In some embodiments, the eNB determines when the service link is available based on the UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) .
[0415] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0416] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The downlink data is encrypted as a NAS PDU and concatenated in the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0417] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0418] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0419] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0420] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0421] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise a new C-RNTI or a new CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE to scramble the subsequent Msg3.
[0422] Step 10: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0423] In some embodiments, to release the S1 connection, the eNB may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO / MT transmission) .
[0424] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0425] In some embodiments, the eNB transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP:UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0426] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between the satellite and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB (on the satellite) may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB (on the satellite) .
[0427] Step 11: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME-ground and the S-GW is released.
[0428] In some embodiments, the MME-ground transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0429] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME-ground releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE. 5.b CP MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F
[0430] In this embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) and the satellites support store and forward (S&F) capability. When the UE supports S&F capability, it may only connect to the satellites that support S&F capability. The UE performs Control Plane (CP) MO data transmission on one satellite and MT data transmission on another satellite. As the previous embodiment, the MME functionality is split into two parts, which are MME-onboard implemented on the satellite and MME-ground implemented on the ground network. In addition to the MME-onboard, the satellite also has eNB functionality. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0431] With reference to FIG. 16, a procedure of Control Plane MO / MT data transmission through multiple satellites supporting is illustrated in the following.
[0432] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 1 transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the CB-PUR / D-PUR configurations of the next satellite.
[0433] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message or an RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0434] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or CB-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the CB-PUR. When the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the RRC message, it is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0435] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a C-RNTI or a D-PUR-RNTI. The UE uses the assigned C-RNTI or D-PUR-RNTI to identify itself in the next uplink transmission on the D-PUR. The C-RNTI and the D-PUR-RNTI is a UE-specific RNTI.
[0436] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0437] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, Satellite 1 may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs may be provided by the MME-onboard or MME-ground. The S&F monitoring list of satellites includes the satellite ID (s) of the satellite (s) that supports S&F operation. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs helps the UE to monitor the subsequent satellites supporting S&F capability.
[0438] In some embodiments, satellite 1 may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite (e.g., satellite 2) supporting S&F or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the next satellite supporting S&F is available. When the wait timer is activated, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives.
[0439] In some embodiments, satellite 1 can transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0440] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0441] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 2. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 2 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain support indicator for S&F and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0442] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0443] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0444] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0445] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0446] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs.
[0447] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator is present, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, Satellite 2 may be configured to allow all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations to access Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, Satellite 2 may be configured to prohibit the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) to access Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0448] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC times. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0449] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite that supports S&F. In an alternative embodiment, Satellite 2 may transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0450] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an indication in a neighbor cell list to indicate whether the neighbor cell (e.g., Satellite 3) operates in S&F mode or not. The indication may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC times. In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode of the neighbor cell can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode, the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode, the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode. This can help the UE (e.g., Rel-19 UE with S&F capability) to quickly determine whether performing cell reselection to the neighbor cell.
[0451] In some embodiments, Satellite 2 may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time of the S&F mode, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of Satellite 3 / Satellite 3’s cell.
[0452] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares Satellite 2 ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. When Satellite 2 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access Satellite 2.
[0453] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast Satellite 3 ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If Satellite 3 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward Satellite 3.
[0454] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0455] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR of Satellite 2.
[0456] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for Control Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is RRCEarlyDataRequest and the data is encapsulated as a NAS PDU carried in Msg3.
[0457] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0458] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0459] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0460] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0461] In some embodiments, to decode Msg3, the eNB needs to know the UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI may be transmitted from Satellite 1 to Satellite 2 through the inter-satellite link.
[0462] In some embodiments, the UE may prevent the transmission of Msg3 if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the CP MO data transmission.
[0463] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0464] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0465] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration of the service link of the serving satellite. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0466] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available.
[0467] Step 5: The eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0468] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0469] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0470] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0471] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 2 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0472] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0473] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0474] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 may transmit the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message to reject the UE if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the CP MO data transmission.
[0475] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0476] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise a new C-RNTI or a new CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE to scramble the subsequent Msg3.
[0477] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 should transmit the contention resolution to the UE before Satellite 2 leaves the coverage of the UE (i.e., service link of the UE expires) .
[0478] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, the eNB on Satellite 2 may transmit the contention resolution to the UE after Step 9 (i.e., the service link may expire and become available again) . In this case, the maximum value of the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) should be extended. (e.g., ranges from hundreds of seconds to several hours)
[0479] Step 6: When the feeder link is available, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) transmits S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME-ground. The S1-AP: INITIAL UE MESSAGE comprises the NAS PDU carrying the uplink data.
[0480] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0481] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0482] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 may estimate and transmit the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration associated with Satellite 2 ID to the MME-ground to determine when to transmit the corresponding downlink data.
[0483] Step 7: The MME-ground decapsulates the NAS PDU and transmits the uplink data to the S-GW. The uplink data may be carried in the Modify Bear Request message.
[0484] Step 8: If there is corresponding downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data in the Modify Bearer Response message to the MME-ground. Based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the MME-ground may store the downlink data. If there is no downlink data, the S-GW transmits the Modify Bearer Response message without downlink data.
[0485] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the MME-ground knows that the service link between Satellite 2 and the UE is unavailable. The MME-ground may determine not to transmit the downlink data to Satellite 2 because Satellite 2 is not the first satellite that can cover the UE.
[0486] Step 9: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB on Satellite 2 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0487] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the eNB on Satellite 2 may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity) .
[0488] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB on Satellite 2. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB on Satellite 2 releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0489] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0490] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB on Satellite 2 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB on Satellite 2 detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 2 may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB on Satellite 2.
[0491] Step 10: If there is downlink data and the feeder link is available, the MME-ground transmits S1-AP: DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message with the NAS PDU carrying the downlink data to Satellite 3 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 3) . When the service link is available (i.e., the link between the UE and Satellite 3) , the MME-onboard triggers a paging procedure to the UE.
[0492] In some embodiments, based on the feeder link’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration received from Satellite 3, the MME-ground determines that Satellite 3 is the first satellite that can cover the UE.
[0493] In some embodiments, the MME-ground may transmit UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) to Satellite 3.
[0494] Step 11: When the service link is available, the eNB on Satellite 3 pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. The paging message may contain an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0495] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 3 determines when the service link is available based on the UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) .
[0496] In some embodiments, similar to step 3, the UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 3. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 3 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain support indicator for S&F and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0497] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor the paging message when the satellite ID of satellite 3 is included in the received S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0498] Step 12: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 with uplink data is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 (i.e., RRCEarlyDataRequest) over the CB-PUR of Satellite 3.
[0499] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0500] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1, step 3, or step 5. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0501] Step 13: The eNB on Satellite 3 transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0502] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The downlink data is encrypted as a NAS PDU and concatenated in the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCEarlyDataComplete message. The RRCEarlyDataComplete message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0503] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCEarlyDataComplete message plus the NAS PDU and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0504] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 3 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCEarlyDataComplete or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0505] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0506] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0507] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0508] Step 14: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB on Satellite 3 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0509] In some embodiments, after transmitting the downlink, the eNB on Satellite 3 may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or end of MO / MT transmission) .
[0510] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB on Satellite 3. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB on Satellite 3 releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0511] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 3 transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0512] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between Satellite 3 and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB on Satellite 3 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB on Satellite 3 detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 3 may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB on Satellite 3.
[0513] Step 15: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME-ground and the S-GW is released.
[0514] In some embodiments, the MME-ground transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0515] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME-ground releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE. 6. UP MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F
[0516] In this embodiment, the UE (such as UE 100) performs User Plane (UP) MO data transmission on one satellite and MT data reception on another satellite. As the previous embodiment, the MME functionality is split into two parts, which are MME-onboard implemented on the satellite and MME-ground implemented on the ground network. In addition to the MME-onboard, the satellite also has eNB functionality. In this embodiment, the UE context is stored in the MME-ground after UE successfully attach or register to the MME-ground. When the UE accesses a satellite which does not have the UE context, the satellite retrieves the UE context from the MME-ground to resume the UE context. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0517] With reference to FIG. 17, the procedure of User Plane MO / MT data transmission through multiple satellites supporting S&F is illustrated in the following.
[0518] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 1 transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the CB-PUR / D-PUR configurations of the next satellite.
[0519] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0520] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a Resume ID. The UE uses the assigned Resume ID to resume its context in the next RRC establishment procedure.
[0521] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0522] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a suspend indication for suspending the radio bearer.
[0523] In some embodiments, the RRC message may also comprise a nextHopChainingCount used by the UE to derive Access Stratum (AS) keys (e.g., KeNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPenc and KUPint) . The AS keys can be used for the integrity and ciphering of the next RRC message (s) .
[0524] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, Satellite 1 may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs of the UE in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs may be provided by the MME-onboard or MME-ground. The S&F monitoring list of satellites includes the satellite ID (s) of the satellite (s) that supports S&F operation. The satellite ID (s) in the S&F monitoring list may belong to the same PLMN. In addition, the satellites in the S&F monitoring list may store the context of the UE to help the UE to quickly complete the connection establishment between the UE and the MME-onboard. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs helps the UE to monitor the satellites supporting S&F capability.
[0525] In some embodiments, satellite 1 may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite (e.g., satellite 2) supporting S&F or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the next satellite supporting S&F is available. When the wait timer is activated, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives.
[0526] In some embodiments, satellite 1 can transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0527] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0528] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 2. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 2 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain S&F indicator and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0529] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0530] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0531] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0532] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0533] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs.
[0534] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations are allowed to access Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) are prohibited from accessing Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0535] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC times. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0536] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite that supports S&F. In an alternative embodiment, Satellite 2 may transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0537] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an indication in a neighbor cell list to indicate whether the neighbor cell (e.g., Satellite 3) operates in S&F mode or not. The indication may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC times. In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode of the neighbor cell can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode, the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode, the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode. This can help the UE (e.g., Rel-19 UE with S&F capability) to quickly determine whether performing cell reselection to the neighbor cell.
[0538] In some embodiments, Satellite 2 may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time of the S&F mode, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of Satellite 3 / Satellite 3’s cell.
[0539] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares Satellite 2 ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. When Satellite 2 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access Satellite 2.
[0540] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast Satellite 3 ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If Satellite 3 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward Satellite 3.
[0541] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0542] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR of Satellite 2.
[0543] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The data is multiplexed with the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The RRCConnectionResumeRequest message comprises the Resume ID assigned in step 1.
[0544] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0545] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0546] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0547] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0548] In some embodiments, to decode Msg3, the eNB needs to know the UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI may be transmitted from Satellite 1 to Satellite 2 through the inter-satellite link.
[0549] In some embodiments, the UE may prevent the transmission of Msg3 if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the UP MO data transmission.
[0550] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0551] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0552] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0553] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available.
[0554] Step 5: The eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0555] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0556] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0557] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0558] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 2 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0559] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0560] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0561] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message to reject the UE if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the UP MO data transmission.
[0562] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0563] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise the Resume ID for resuming the context in the next RRC connection establishment procedure.
[0564] In some embodiments, in case the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 has the UE context, the eNB can decrypt Msg3 with uplink data using the UE context so that the eNB transmits the contention resolution to the UE before Satellite 2 leaves the coverage of the UE (i.e., service link of the UE expires) .
[0565] In some embodiments, in case the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 does not have the UE context, the eNB on Satellite 2 may transmit the contention resolution to the UE after Step 11 (i.e., the service link may expire and become available again) . In this case, the maximum value of the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) should be extended. (e.g., ranges from hundreds of seconds to several hours)
[0566] In some embodiments, in case the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 does not have the UE context and the eNB on Satellite 2 cannot retrieve the UE context before leaving the UE’s coverage area, the eNB on Satellite 2 can transmit a MAC PDU or an RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease message) with a failure indication to the UE. The MAC PDU or the RRC message may contain a rejection reason (e.g., S&F mode without UE context) and / or a waiting time that indicates the time the UE should wait before re-accessing the current or another satellite.
[0567] Step 6: When the feeder link is available, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message to the MME-ground to request the UE context. The S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message may comprise the Resume ID. The MME-ground stores the UE context (e.g., Resume ID, nextHopChainingCount, UE security capabilities, security keys, etc. ) in the previous attach / registration procedure.
[0568] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0569] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when the service link between the UE and Satellite 2 stops and when the service link between the UE and the Satellite 3 starts.
[0570] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may transmit an indication to the MME-ground to inform Satellite 2’s arrival / departure.
[0571] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may inform the MME-ground the movement information of itself. The movement information may comprise the ephemeris information, the location, the trajectory and / or the velocity of Satellite 2. Based on the movement information, the MME-ground can estimate the arrival / departure time of Satellite 2.
[0572] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may estimate and transmit the start / stop time of the feeder link between Satellite 2 and MME-ground and / or the start / stop time of the feeder link between Satellite 3 and MME-ground to the MME-ground. The start / stop time of the feeder link may be associated with Satellite 2 ID.
[0573] Step 7: The MME-ground transmits a Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW to resume the S11-U bearer (s) .
[0574] Step 8: The S-GW transmits a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Modify Bearer Request message.
[0575] Step 9: The MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message to Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Request message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Resume Response message, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) resumes the UE context of S1 bearer (s) . The S1-AP: Initial Context Resume Response message may contain the UE context (e.g., Resume ID, nextHopChainingCount, UE security capabilities, security keys, etc. ) .
[0576] Step 10: Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) transmits the uplink data to the S-GW.
[0577] Step 11: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB on Satellite 2 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released (or removed) .
[0578] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the eNB on Satellite 2 may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or S&F) .
[0579] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB on Satellite 2. The S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message may contain a release cause (e.g. user inactivity or S&F) . After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB on Satellite 2 releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0580] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0581] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB on Satellite 2 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB on Satellite 2 detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 2 may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB on Satellite 2.
[0582] Step 12: If there is downlink data, the S-GW stores the downlink data and when the feeder link between Satellite 3 and the MME-ground is available, the S-GW transmits the downlink data to Satellite 3 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 3) . When the service link is available (i.e., the link between the UE and the satellite) , the MME-onboard triggers a paging procedure to the UE.
[0583] In some embodiments, based on the feeder link’s start / stop time received from Satellite 2, the MME-ground determines that Satellite 3 is the first satellite that can cover the UE.
[0584] In some embodiments, the MME-ground (or other entity in the core network) may transmit a notification (e.g., Satellite arriving notification) to the S-GW to notify the arrival time of Satellite 3. Satellite 3 may or may not support S&F operations. The S-GW transmits the downlink data to Satellite 3 based on the notification.
[0585] In some embodiments, the MME-ground may transmit UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) to Satellite 3.
[0586] Step 13: When the service link is available, the eNB on Satellite 3 pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. The paging message may contain an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0587] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 3 determines when the service link is available based on the UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) .
[0588] In some embodiments, similar to step 3, the UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 3. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 3 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain support indicator for S&F and / or S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0589] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor the paging message when the satellite ID of satellite 3 is included in the received S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0590] Step 14: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 with uplink data is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 (i.e., RRCConnectionResumeRequest) over the CB-PUR of Satellite 3.
[0591] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0592] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., Resume ID in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1, step 3, or step 5. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0593] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0594] Step 15: The eNB on Satellite 3 transmits the Contention Resolution with downlink data to the UE.
[0595] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The downlink data is transmitted on DTCH multiplexed with the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0596] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0597] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionResume message. After receiving the RRCConnectionResume message, the UE resumes the RRC Connection and transmits the RRCConnectionResumeComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionResume message. The RRCConnectionResume message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0598] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 3 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0599] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0600] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0601] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0602] Step 16: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB on Satellite 3 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0603] In some embodiments, after transmitting the downlink, the eNB on Satellite 3 may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity, end of MO / MT transmission, or S&F) .
[0604] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB on Satellite 3. The S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message may contain a release cause (e.g. user inactivity, end of MO / MT transmission, or S&F) . After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB on Satellite 3 releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0605] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 3 transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0606] In some embodiments, in an alternative embodiment, to reduce the signaling overhead between Satellite 3 and the MME-ground, all the S1 connections between the eNB on Satellite 3 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground may be released (or removed) on a per eNB basis. When the eNB on Satellite 3 detects that it is going to leave the MME-ground’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 3 may transmit an S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message to request removal of all the resources associated with the S1 interface. Upon reception of the S1-AP: S1 Removal Request message, the MME-ground reply with the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message. After receiving the S1-AP: S1 Removal Response message, the eNB releases (or removes) all resources (e.g., S1 connections or UE context) associated with the S1 interface towards the MME-ground. The MME-ground may then release (or remove) all resources associated with the eNB on Satellite 3.
[0607] Step 17: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME-ground and the S-GW is released.
[0608] In some embodiments, the MME-ground transmits a Release Access Bearers Request message to the S-GW that requests the release of S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0609] In some embodiments, the S-GW transmits a Release Access Bearers Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Release Access Bearers Request message. After receiving the Release Access Bearers Response message, the MME-ground releases all the S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) of the UE. 6. a UP MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F
[0610] In this embodiment, the UE context is stored in the old eNB, and the new eNB on Satellite 2 retrieves UE context from the old eNB on Satellite 1 through the inter-satellite-link (ISL) to resume the UE context. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0611] With reference to FIG. 18, a procedure of User Plane MO / MT data transmission through multiple satellites supporting S&F is illustrated in the following.
[0612] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB on Satellite 1 transmits an RRC message to release the RRC connections of the UE (such as UE 100) . The RRC message may comprise the CB-PUR / D-PUR configurations of the next satellite.
[0613] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0614] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a Resume ID. The UE uses the assigned Resume ID to resume its context in the next RRC establishment procedure.
[0615] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0616] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a suspend indication for suspending the radio bearer.
[0617] In some embodiments, the RRC message may also comprise a nextHopChainingCount used by the UE to derive Access Stratum (AS) keys (e.g., KeNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPenc and KUPint) . The AS keys can be used for the integrity and ciphering of the next RRC message (s) .
[0618] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, Satellite 1 may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs to the UE through a NAS PDU in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs may be provided by the MME-onboard or MME-ground.
[0619] In some embodiments, satellite 1 may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite (e.g., satellite 2) supporting S&F or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the next satellite supporting S&F is available. When the wait timer is activated, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives.
[0620] In some embodiments, satellite 1 can transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0621] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0622] Step 3: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 2. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 2 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain an S&F indicator.
[0623] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0624] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0625] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0626] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0627] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs.
[0628] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator is present, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations are allowed to access Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) are prohibited from accessing Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0629] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC time. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may include the start time and the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0630] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite that supports S&F. In an alternative embodiment, Satellite 2 may transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0631] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time of the S&F mode, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of the next satellite (s) / the neighboring cell (s) .
[0632] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares Satellite 2 ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. When Satellite 2 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access Satellite 2.
[0633] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast Satellite 3 ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If Satellite 3 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward Satellite 3.
[0634] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0635] Step 4: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 or uplink data size is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR of Satellite 2.
[0636] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The data is multiplexed with the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The RRCConnectionResumeRequest message comprises the Resume ID assigned in step 1.
[0637] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0638] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0639] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0640] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0641] In some embodiments, to decode Msg3, the eNB needs to know the UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI may be transmitted from Satellite 1 to Satellite 2 through the inter-satellite link.
[0642] In some embodiments, the UE may prevent the transmission of Msg3 if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the UP MO data transmission.
[0643] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0644] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0645] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0646] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available.
[0647] Step 5: The new eNB on Satellite 2 locates the old eNB on Satellite 1 using the Resume ID in Msg3 and transmits X2-AP: Retrieve UE Context Request to retrieve the UE context.
[0648] Step 6: The old eNB on Satellite 1 transmits X2-AP: Retrieve UE Context Response to respond with the UE context associated with the Resume ID.
[0649] Step 7: The new eNB on Satellite 2 triggers release of the UE context at the old eNB by transmitting X2-AP:UE Context Release.
[0650] In some embodiments, the new eNB may trigger release of the UE context at the old eNB after the path switch procedure (i.e., steps 9-12) is completed. In this case, however, the UE Context Release procedure should be delayed after the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available.
[0651] Step 8: The eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0652] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 decrypts Msg3 with uplink data using the retrieved UE context from the eNB on Satellite 1.
[0653] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0654] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0655] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0656] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 2 assigns the UE with the Resume ID in the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or with a new RNTI in the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0657] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0658] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0659] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message to reject the UE if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the UP MO data transmission. The RRCConnectionReject message may be transmitted before the step 5.
[0660] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0661] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise a new C-RNTI or a new CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE to scramble Msg3 to be transmitted on the CB-PUR of the next satellite.
[0662] Step 9: When the feeder link is available, the new eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the S1-AP: Path Switch Request to establish an S1 UE associated signaling connection to the serving MME-ground and to request the MME-ground to resume / update the UE context.
[0663] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0664] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when the service link between the UE and Satellite 2 stops.
[0665] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may transmit an indication to the MME-ground to inform Satellite 2’s arrival / departure.
[0666] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may inform the MME-ground the movement information of itself. The movement information may comprise the ephemeris information, the location, the trajectory and / or the velocity of Satellite 2. Based on the movement information, the MME-ground can estimate the arrival / departure time of Satellite 2.
[0667] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may estimate and transmit the start / stop time of the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground. The start / stop time of the feeder link may be associated with Satellite 2 ID.
[0668] Step 10: The MME-ground transmits a Modify Bearer Request message to the S-GW to resume the S11-U bearer (s) and updates the downlink path.
[0669] Step 11: The S-GW transmits a Modify Bearer Response message to the MME-ground as a response to the Modify Bearer Request message.
[0670] Step 12: The MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: Path Switch Request Acknowledgement message to Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) as a response to the S1-AP: Path Switch Request message. After receiving the S1-AP: Path Switch Request Acknowledgement message, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) resumes the UE context of S1 bearer (s) . Step 13: Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) transmits the uplink data to the S-GW.
[0671] Step 14: If there is downlink data, the S-GW transmits the downlink data to Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) .
[0672] Step 15: The S1 connection (e.g., S1 bearer (s) and / or S1-U bearer (s) ) between the eNB on Satellite 2 and the MME-onboard / MME-ground is released.
[0673] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the eNB on Satellite 2 may optionally transmit an S1-AP: UE Context Release Request message with a release cause to the MME-onboard / MME-ground to release the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) . The release cause indicates the reason for the release (e.g. user inactivity or S&F) .
[0674] In some embodiments, based on UE’s Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration, the MME-onboard / MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message to the eNB on Satellite 2. The S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message may contain a release cause (e.g. user inactivity or S&F) . After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message, the eNB on Satellite 2 releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0675] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 transmits an S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message to the MME-onboard / MME-ground as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Release Command message. After receiving the S1-AP: UE Context Release Complete message, the MME-onboard / MME-ground releases all the S1 and / or S1-U bearer (s) of the UE.
[0676] Step 16: When the service link is available, the eNB on Satellite 2 pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. The paging message may contain an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0677] In some embodiments, similar to step 3, the UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 2. To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain S&F support indicator.
[0678] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor the paging message when satellite 2 ID is included in the received S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0679] Step 17: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 with uplink data is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 (i.e., RRCConnectionResumeRequest) over the CB-PUR of Satellite 3.
[0680] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0681] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., Resume ID in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1, step 3, or step 5. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0682] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0683] Step 18: The eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the Contention Resolution with downlink data to the UE.
[0684] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The downlink data is transmitted on DTCH multiplexed with the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0685] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0686] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionResume message. After receiving the RRCConnectionResume message, the UE resumes the RRC Connection and transmits the RRCConnectionResumeComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionResume message. The RRCConnectionResume message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0687] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 2 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0688] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0689] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0690] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. 6. b UP MO&MT data transmission when multiple satellites support S&F
[0691] In this embodiment, the UE context is stored in the old eNB and the MME-ground, and the MME-ground transmits the UE context to the eNB on Satellite 2 before the UE accesses Satellite 2 through the S1-AP messages. When this procedure is implemented in a 5G NR network, the base station is a gNB, the Control Plane function in the 5G core network is the AMF, and the data routing function is the UPF.
[0692] With reference to FIG. 19, a procedure of User Plane MO / MT data transmission through multiple satellites supporting S&F is illustrated in the following.
[0693] Step 1: Before entering the S&F mode or leaving the UE’s coverage, the eNB suspends the RRC connection by sending an RRC message with the releaseCause set to rrc-Suspend. The RRC message may include a Resume ID and / or a NextHopChainingCount which is stored by the UE (such as UE 100) .
[0694] In some embodiments, the RRC message may be an RRCConnectionRelease message.
[0695] In some embodiments, the configurations of contention-based PUR may comprise the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR and / or NTA information of the cell.
[0696] In some embodiments, the RRC message may comprise a suspend indication for suspending the radio bearer.
[0697] In some embodiments, the RRC message may also comprise a nextHopChainingCount used by the UE to derive Access Stratum (AS) keys (e.g., KeNB, KRRCint, KRRCenc, KUPenc and KUPint) . The AS keys can be used for the integrity and ciphering of the next RRC message (s) .
[0698] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, Satellite 1 may transmit S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs to the UE through a NAS PDU in the RRC message. The S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs may be provided by the MME-onboard or MME-ground.
[0699] In some embodiments, satellite 1 may transmit the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite (e.g., satellite 2) supporting S&F or transmit a wait timer for the UE to wait until the service link of the next satellite supporting S&F is available. When the wait timer is activated, the UE should prevent connecting to any satellite (e.g., performing cell (re) selection, monitoring paging message, etc. ) until the wait timer expires, even if at least one satellite that does not support S&F capability arrives.
[0700] In some embodiments, satellite 1 can transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0701] Step 2: After receiving the RRC message, the UE releases the radio bearers and enters RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE.
[0702] Step 3: Due to some triggers, e.g. the feeder link between Satellite 1 and the MME-ground is available, the eNB on Satellite 1 decides to suspend the RRC connection.
[0703] Step 4: The eNB on Satellite 1 initiates the S1-AP UE Context Suspend procedure to inform the MME-ground that the RRC connection is being suspended.
[0704] Step 5: The S11 and / or S11-U bearer (s) between the MME-ground and the S-GW is released.
[0705] Step 6: The MME-ground transmits a S1-AP: UE Context Suspend Response message as a response to the S1-AP: UE Context Suspend Request message.
[0706] Step 7: When the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available, the MME-ground transmits a S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Request message to the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 based on the UE’s S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs. The S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Request message contains the UE context (e.g., Resume ID, nextHopChainingCount, UE security capabilities, security keys, etc. ) .
[0707] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may transmit an indication to the MME-ground to inform Satellite 2’s arrival / departure.
[0708] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may inform the MME-ground the movement information of itself. The movement information may comprise the ephemeris information, the location, the trajectory and / or the velocity of Satellite 2. Based on the movement information, the MME-ground can estimate the arrival / departure time of Satellite 2.
[0709] Step 8: The eNB / MME satellite on Satellite 2 transmits a S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Response message as a response to the S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Request message.
[0710] Step 9: The UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 2. The system information blocks may include CB-PUR information of Satellite 2 (e.g., support indicator for CB-PUR, the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR, NTA information of the cell, CB-PUR-RNTI, etc. ) To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain an S&F indicator.
[0711] In some embodiments, NTA information may include NTA, common which represents NTA at the reference point and NTA, X which represents NTA at a distance X from the reference point. NTA / NTA, X information is used by the UEs (such as UEs 100) to pre-compensate the TA in the cell.
[0712] In some embodiments, if the time-frequency resource of the CB-PUR is configured through the RRCConnectionRelease message in step1, it will not be transmitted in the system information block (s) .
[0713] In some embodiments, when the CB-PUR-RNTI is transmitted in the system information block, the CB-PUR-RNTI is a common RNTI for the UEs (such as UEs 100) in the cell for scrambling Msg3 transmitted on the CB-PUR.
[0714] In some embodiments, the system information blocks contain a maximum TBS size (e.g., the maximum size allowed for a MAC PDU of Msg3 or uplink data) and a signal quality threshold (e.g., RSRP / RSI / RSRQ threshold) for each CE-level of the CB-PUR. The UE determines whether to transmit Msg3 on the CB-PUR based on the maximum TBS size and selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0715] In some embodiments, for the legacy UEs (such as a subset of UEs 100) that do not support S&F, the UEs should be prevented from accessing the satellite when the feeder link is not available. When the S&F indicator is present, the satellite may broadcast cellBarred and / or cellBarred-NTN bit in the system information to bar the legacy UEs.
[0716] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an S&F indicator (e.g., only one bit) in the system information to indicate whether it is currently operating in S&F mode. For example, when the S&F indicator is present, it indicates that the feeder link of the serving satellite is not available. Further, when the S&F indicator=1, all the Rel-19 UEs (such as UEs 100) supporting S&F operations are allowed to access Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator=0, the Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F operations (e.g., Rel-19 UEs in RRC_IDLE) are prohibited from accessing Satellite 2. When the S&F indicator is absent, it indicates that the satellite is not operating in S&F mode and the feeder link of the serving satellite is available.
[0717] In some embodiments, the S&F indicator may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time. In an alternative embodiment, the S&F indicator may include the start time and the duration of the S&F mode. The start time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from non-S&F mode (or normal mode) to S&F mode. The stop time of the S&F mode indicates the (UTC) time that the satellite transits from S&F mode to non-S&F mode (or normal mode) . In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is present) , the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode (i.e., when the S&F indicator is absent) , the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode.
[0718] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast the service start time (e.g., UTC time) of the next satellite that supports S&F. In an alternative embodiment, Satellite 2 may transmit multiple service start times, and each service start time corresponds to a satellite ID in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0719] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast an indication in a neighbor cell list to indicate whether the neighbor cell (e.g., Satellite 3) operates in S&F mode or not. The indication may be associated with the start time and the service stop time of the S&F mode, and the service start / stop time may be UTC times. In an alternative embodiment, the start time and the stop time of the S&F mode of the neighbor cell can be configured by a switching time parameter. For example, when the satellite is operating in S&F mode, the switching time parameter represents the stop time of the S&F mode. When the satellite is operating in normal mode, the switching time parameter represents the start time of the S&F mode. This can help the UE (e.g., Rel-19 UE with S&F capability) to quickly determine whether performing cell reselection to the neighbor cell.
[0720] In some embodiments, Satellite 2 may broadcast the S&F mode indicator, the start (UTC) time and / or stop (UTC) time, and / or the switching time of the S&F mode of the S&F mode of Satellite 3 / Satellite 3’s cell.
[0721] In some embodiments, the S&F capable UE (e.g., RRC layer in access stratum, or processor in non-access stratum) compares Satellite 2 ID broadcast from the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType31) with the satellites IDs in the received S&F monitoring list to determine whether to access the satellite supporting S&F operation. If Satellite 2 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE should not access Satellite 2.
[0722] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may broadcast Satellite 3 ID and the associated service start (UTC) time through the system information (e.g., SystemInformationBlockType32 or SystemInformationBlockType33) . If Satellite 3 ID is not in the S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs, the UE can stop performing IDLE mode tasks (e.g., cell (re) selection or paging monitoring) toward Satellite 3.
[0723] In some embodiments, the system information blocks may contain an enabler for AS RAI.
[0724] Step 10: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 with uplink data is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR of Satellite 2.
[0725] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 decrypts Msg3 with uplink data based on the UE context (e.g., Resume ID, nextHopChainingCount, UE security capabilities, security keys, etc. ) .
[0726] In some embodiments, when the procedure is for User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization, Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The data is multiplexed with the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message. The RRCConnectionResumeRequest message may comprise the Resume ID.
[0727] In some embodiments, when Msg3 with uplink data is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0728] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI or CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1 or step 3. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0729] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with a MAC CE (e.g., DCQR and AS RAI MAC CE) to the eNB to indicate whether there is any subsequent DL transmission (s) .
[0730] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0731] In some embodiments, to decode Msg3, the eNB needs to know the UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. The UE’s C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI may be transmitted from Satellite 1 to Satellite 2 through the inter-satellite link.
[0732] In some embodiments, the UE may prevent the transmission of Msg3 if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the CP MO data transmission.
[0733] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with the S&F support indicator of the UE. The S&F support indicator of the UE may be transmitted as an Uplink Control Information (UCI) , a MAC CE, an RRC IE (e.g., establishmentCause with the S&F support indicator) , or an UL NAS PDU.
[0734] In some embodiments, to enable S&F operations, the UE may transmit Msg3 with uplink data over the CB-PUR based on the support indicator for S&F from the eNB.
[0735] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit Msg3 with Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration. The Start of Unavailability Period may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE. The Unavailability Period Duration may be determined based on the service stop time, the reference point, or the ephemeris information of the serving satellite, the service start time of the next satellite, and / or the location, the trajectory or the velocity of the UE.
[0736] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg3 with uplink data, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) stores the uplink data until the feeder link between Satellite 2 and the MME-ground is available.
[0737] Step 11: The eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the Contention Resolution to the UE.
[0738] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 ACK optionally containing a Time Advance Adjustment for updating the TA. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the Layer 1 ACK. The Layer 1 ACK may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0739] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution of the UE may contain one or more than one MAC field (e.g., Time Advance Command for updating the TA and / or a UE Contention Resolution Identity) . The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the MAC PDU. Multiple Contention Resolutions of the UEs (such as UEs 100) competing for a specific CB-PUR may be multiplexed in a MAC PDU, and the MAC PDU may contain one or more than one identity (e.g., C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI of the UEs) and / or one or more than one UE Contention Resolution Identities to identify the UEs competing for a specific CB-PUR. The MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0740] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F or rrc-Suspend) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0741] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 2 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease, RRCConnectionResume, or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0742] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0743] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0744] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message to reject the UE if the time duration before the start time of the S&F mode is not sufficient to complete the UP MO data transmission.
[0745] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 with the uplink data over the CB-PUR.
[0746] In some embodiments, the Contention Resolution may comprise a new C-RNTI or a new CB-PUR-RNTI for the UE to scramble Msg3 to be transmitted on the CB-PUR of the next satellite.
[0747] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 2 should transmit the contention resolution to the UE before Satellite 2 leaves the coverage of the UE (i.e., service link of the UE expires) .
[0748] Step 12: When the feeder link is available, the new eNB on Satellite 2 transmits the S1-AP: Path Switch Request to establish an S1 UE associated signaling connection to the serving MME-ground and request the MME-ground to resume the UE context.
[0749] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit the S&F support indicator of the UE to the MME-ground.
[0750] In some embodiments, satellite 2 may transmit UE’s Start of Unavailability Period, Unavailability Period Duration, and / or location information (e.g., tracking area) to the MME-ground to determine when the service link between the UE and Satellite 2 stops and the service link between the UE and the Satellite 3 starts.
[0751] In some embodiments, the MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may transmit an indication to the MME-ground to inform Satellite 2’s arrival / departure.
[0752] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may inform the MME-ground the movement information of itself. The movement information may comprise the ephemeris information, the location, the trajectory and / or the velocity of Satellite 2. Based on the movement information, the MME-ground can estimate the arrival / departure time of Satellite 2.
[0753] In some embodiments, the eNB / MME-onboard on Satellite 2 may estimate and transmit the start / stop time of the feeder link between Satellite 2 and MME-ground and / or the start / stop time of the feeder link between Satellite 3 and MME-ground to the MME-ground. The start / stop time of the feeder link may be associated with Satellite 2 ID.
[0754] Step 13: The MME-ground requests the S-GW to activate the S1-U bearers and updates the downlink path for the UE.
[0755] Step 14: When the feeder link is available, the MME-ground transmits an S1-AP: Path Switch Request Acknowledgement message to Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) as a response to the S1-AP: Path Switch Request message. After receiving the S1-AP: Path Switch Request Acknowledgement message, Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) resumes the UE context of S1 bearer (s) .
[0756] Step 15: Satellite 2 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 2) transmits the uplink data to the S-GW.
[0757] Steps 16-18: Steps 16-18 are the same as steps 4-6.
[0758] Step 19: Due to some triggers, e.g. downlink data notification from the S-GW, the MME-ground requests the S-GW to activate the S1-U bearers between the S-GW and the eNB on Satellite 3 and updates the downlink path for the UE.
[0759] Steps 20-21: Steps 20-21 are the same as steps 7-8.
[0760] In some embodiments, based on the feeder link’s start / stop time received from Satellite 2, the MME-ground determines that Satellite 3 is the first satellite that can cover the UE.
[0761] In some embodiments, the MME-ground (or other entity in the core network) may transmit a notification (e.g., Satellite arriving notification) to the S-GW to notify the arrival time of Satellite 3. Satellite 3 may or may not support S&F operations. The S-GW transmits the downlink data to Satellite 3 based on the notification.
[0762] Step 22: The S-GW stores the downlink data and when the feeder link between Satellite 3 and the MME-ground is available, the S-GW transmits the downlink data to Satellite 3 (i.e., the eNB, the MME-onboard, or other functionality on Satellite 3) .
[0763] In some embodiments, the MME-ground may transmit UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) to Satellite 3.
[0764] Step 23: When the service link is available, the eNB on Satellite 3 pages the UE by transmitting the paging message (s) to the UE. The paging message may contain an MT-EDT indicator (e.g., mt-EDT-r16) to notify the UE to initiate the MT-EDT procedure.
[0765] In some embodiments, the eNB on Satellite 3 determines when the service link is available based on the UE’s location information (e.g., UE’s location or tracking area) .
[0766] In some embodiments, similar to step 9, the UE periodically monitors the system information blocks from Satellite 3. To enable S&F capability, the system information may contain S&F support indicator.
[0767] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor the paging message when the satellite ID of satellite 3 is included in the received S&F monitoring list of satellite IDs.
[0768] Step 24: When the MAC PDU size of Msg3 with uplink data is smaller or equal to the maximum Msg3 size, the UE transmits Msg3 (i.e., RRCConnectionResumeRequest) over the CB-PUR of Satellite 3.
[0769] In some embodiments, if there is uplink data multiplexed with Msg3, the eNB on Satellite 3 decrypts Msg3 with uplink data based on the UE context (e.g., Resume ID, nextHopChainingCount, UE security capabilities, security keys, etc. ) .
[0770] In some embodiments, when Msg3 is transmitted, the UE starts a timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) as a mistake-proofing mechanism. If the UE does not receive a contention resolution before the timer expires, the UE may retransmit Msg3.
[0771] In some embodiments, Msg3 may include a UE identity (e.g., ue-Identity in the RRC message or C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI in the MAC PDU) and / or be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI received from the step 1, step 3, or step 5. In an alternative embodiment, the UE may calculate the CB-PUR-RNTI based on the CB-PUR’s time / frequency location.
[0772] In some embodiments, the UE selects the CE-level of the CB-PUR based on the signal quality thresholds.
[0773] Step 25: The eNB on Satellite 3 transmits the Contention Resolution with downlink data to the UE.
[0774] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionRelease message. The downlink data is transmitted on DTCH multiplexed with the RRCConnectionRelease message. The procedure is terminated after the UE successfully receives the RRCConnectionRelease message. The RRCConnectionRelease message may contain a release cause (e.g., S&F) . The RRCConnectionRelease message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0775] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data (i.e., If another downlink data is transmitted to the eNB after Msg3 is transmitted, so that the size of the RRCConnectionRelease message plus the downlink data and corresponding MAC header / CE is larger than the maximum TBS, or the size of downlink data is larger than the maximum TBS) , the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionSetup message. After receiving the RRCConnectionSetup message, the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits the RRCConnectionSetupComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionSetup message. The RRCConnectionSetup message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0776] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful and there is more than one downlink data, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionResume message. After receiving the RRCConnectionResume message, the UE resumes the RRC Connection and transmits the RRCConnectionResumeComplete as a response to the RRCConnectionResume message. The RRCConnectionResume message may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI.
[0777] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 is successful, the eNB on Satellite 3 assigns a new RNTI for the UE by the RRC message (e.g., RRCConnectionRelease or RRCConnectionSetup message) or by the MAC PDU (e.g., C-RNTI MAC field) .
[0778] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may be a Layer 1 NACK or a MAC PDU. The Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU may be scrambled with the CB-PUR-RNTI. After receiving the Layer 1 NACK or the MAC PDU, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR. When the number of the retransmissions is larger than a threshold (i.e., the threshold may be configured to the UE through an RRC message) , the UE falls back to the legacy RRC Connection establishment procedure and transmits a Random Access Preamble over the RACH.
[0779] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the Contention Resolution may include the MAC PDU and the RRCConnectionReject message. The RRCConnectionReject message may be scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI (e.g., the CRC part of the transport block containing the RRCConnectionReject message is scrambled with the C-RNTI / CB-PUR-RNTI) .
[0780] In some embodiments, in case the contention of Msg3 fails, the UE may receive nothing from the eNB. After the timer (e.g., T300 and / or mac-ContentionResolutionTimer) expires, the UE retransmits Msg3 over the CB-PUR.
[0781] Steps 26-28: Steps 26-28 are the same as steps 16-18.
[0782] With reference to FIG. 20, the UE 100 may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The processor 11a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 12a, to cause UE 100 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of a UE. The UE 100 is an example of the UE in the description. The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0783] With reference to FIG. 21, the base station 200 is a network device and may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The processor 21a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 22a, to cause network node 200 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a base station. The eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB are examples of the base station in the description. The base station can have a functional split configuration such that a first portion of the base station (referred to as onboard eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB) is installed in an NTN device, such as a satellite, and a second portion of the base station (referred to as on-ground eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB) is installed in a terrestrial network (TN) device. The transceiver 23a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0784] With reference to FIG. 22, the network device 300 may be a core network device and may include a processor 31a, a memory 32a, and a transceiver 33a. The processor 31a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 32a, to cause network node 300 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a network device. The MME, S-GW, AMF, SMF, UPF, and other core network devices are examples of the network device in the description. The network device can have a functional split configuration such that a first portion of the network device (referred to as onboard core network device, such as MME-onboard) is installed in an NTN device, such as a satellite, and a second portion of the network device (referred to as on-ground core network device, such as MME-ground) is installed in a terrestrial network (TN) device. The transceiver 33a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0785] With reference to FIG. 23, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 70 that may correspond to a UE in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 may implement a corresponding process realized by the UE in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 includes a processor 71, and the processor 71 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0786] Optionally, the chip 70 may also include a memory 72. In particular, the processor 71 may call and run the computer program from the memory 72 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0787] Moreover, the memory 72 may be a separate device from the processor 71 or may be integrated into the processor 71.
[0788] Optionally, the chip 70 may include an input interface 73. Note that the processor 71 may control the input interface 73 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0789] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an output interface 74. Note that the processor 71 may control the output interface 74 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0790] With reference to FIG. 24, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 80 that may correspond to a base station (e.g., network node, radio node, the base station, eNB, ng-eNB, or gNB, onboard portion of a base station or on-ground portion of a base station ) in the description, and the chip 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 80 includes a processor 81, and the processor 81 may call and run a computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0791] Optionally, the chip 80 may further include a memory 82. In particular, the processor 81 may call and run the computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0792] Wherein the memory 82 may be a separate device from the processor 81 or may be integrated into the processor 81.
[0793] Optionally, the chip 80 may also include an input interface 83. In particular, the processor 81 may control the input interface 83 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0794] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 84. In particular, the processor 81 may control the output interface 84 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0795] With reference to FIG. 25, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 90 that may correspond to a network device (e.g., CN network entity, network node, radio node, the base station, eNB, ng-eNB, or gNB, onboard portion of a network device, such as MME-onboard, or on-ground portion of a network device, such as MME-ground) in the description, and the chip 90 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 90 includes a processor 91, and the processor 91 may call and run a computer program from the memory 92 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0796] Optionally, the chip 90 may further include a memory 92. In particular, the processor 91 may call and run the computer program from the memory 92 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0797] Wherein the memory 92 may be a separate device from the processor 91 or may be integrated into the processor 91.
[0798] Optionally, the chip 90 may also include an input interface 93. In particular, the processor 91 may control the input interface 93 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0799] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 94. In particular, the processor 91 may control the output interface 94 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0800] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a combination of techniques / processes that may be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product.
[0801] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A contention-based (CB) early data transmission (EDT) method for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:determining to perform contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission to a base station through NTN communication when a measured reference signal received power (RSRP) is less than a first RSRP threshold associated with a first enhanced coverage level as a selected enhanced coverage level;selecting a next upcoming contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with the selected enhanced coverage level;randomly selecting physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources in a time domain within the CB-PUR grouping unit from contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission, wherein the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission are associated with the selected enhanced coverage level; performing CB-Msg3 transmission on the PUSCH resources; andmonitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) while a monitoring timer is running, for a contention resolution message identified by a contention-based radio network temporary identifier (CB-RNTI) , wherein the contention resolution message comprises UE contention resolution identities.2.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the UE contention resolution identities identify:UEs competing for CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit; and / orUEs for receiving the contention resolution message.3.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission comprise resources associated with:one or more enhanced coverage levels;one or more thresholds of reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , or reference signal received quality (RSRQ)one or more numbers of repetitions; orone or more maximum transport blocks.4.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, further comprising:randomly selecting a frequency domain PUSCH resource within each of the selected PUSCH resources associated with the selected enhanced coverage level.5.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, further comprising:performing CB-Msg3 transmission to the base station through NTN communication when the measured RSRP is less than a second RSRP threshold associated with a second enhanced coverage level as the selected enhanced coverage level.6.The CB-EDT method of claim 5, further comprising:not performing CB-Msg3 transmission to the base station through NTN communication when the measured RSRP is less than a third RSRP threshold; andwherein the third RSRP threshold is lower than the first RSRP threshold and the second RSRP threshold.7.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the CB-Msg3 transmission is performed only when data size of pending uplink data is less than a configured maximum transport block size (TBS) .8.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein configuration of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises one or more of the following:a starting frame, subframe, or slot;a starting subcarrier or physical resource block (PRB) ;a time interval;a number of resource units (RUs) ;a number of carriers, subcarriers, or PRBs;a repetition number;a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) ;a maximum transport block size (TBS) ; andperiodicity.9.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the CB-PUR grouping unit is configured through system information.10.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein a number of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit for the CB-Msg3 transmission is configured according to the selected enhanced coverage level; andthe CB-Msg3 transmission comprises transmission of a CB-Msg3 and one or more repetitions of the CB-Msg3.11.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the performing contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission to a base station through NTN communication is in response to a paging message, and the method further comprises:receiving from the base station the paging message that conveys an early data transmission (EDT) indicator.12.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein a CB-Msg3 in the CB-Msg3 transmission is scrambled with the CB-RNTI.13.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the UE contention resolution identity comprises first 48 bits of an uplink common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) for the UE.14.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the contention resolution message comprises a timing advance (TA) .15.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, further comprising:starting the monitoring timer after completion of the CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit, with an additional delay equal to a UE-to-eNB round trip time (RTT) .16.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, further comprising:determining the CB-Msg3 transmission successfully completed and stopping the monitoring timer if a UE contention resolution identity is included in a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that matches 48 first bits of a common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) transmitted in a CB-Msg3, wherein the MAC PDU is the contention resolution message; anddetermining the CB-Msg3 transmission is not successful when the monitoring timer expires.17.The CB-EDT method of claim 16, further comprising:selecting a random backoff time using a uniform distribution between 0 and a value in a backoff indicator in the contention resolution message when the CB-Msg3 transmission is not successful.18.The CB-EDT method of claim 16, further comprising:performing another run of the CB-Msg3 transmission until a number of runs of performed CB-Msg3 transmission reaches a threshold before the monitoring timer expires.19.The CB-EDT method of claim 16, wherein a length of the monitoring timer is specific to the selected enhanced coverage level.20.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein the CB-RNTI is derived based on at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit and the selected enhanced coverage level.21.The CB-EDT method of claim 20, wherein the at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises periodicity.22.The CB-EDT method of claim 20, wherein the CB-RNTI is derived further based on a carrier index.23.The CB-EDT method of claim 1, wherein a CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission is an RRCEarlyDataRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for control plane (CP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization, and the CB-Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for user plane (UP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization.24.The CB-EDT method of claim 23, wherein an RRCEarlyDataComplete message concatenated with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCEarlyDataRequest message, and an RRCConnectionRelease message multiplexed with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message.25.The CB-EDT method of claim 24, where a C-RNTI is assigned in the contention resolution message.26.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 25.27.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 25.28.A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 25.29.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 25.30.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 25.31.A contention-based (CB) early data transmission (EDT) method for non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication, executed by a base station, comprising:receiving contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission from a user equipment (UE) through NTN communication;wherein a CB-Msg3 and repetitions of the CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission are conveyed within a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with a first enhanced coverage level;the CB-Msg3 and the repetitions of the CB-Msg3 are conveyed on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources randomly selected from contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission in a time domain within the CB-PUR grouping unit; andthe contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission are associated with the firstenhanced coverage level; andtransmitting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) to the UE for scheduling a contention resolution message identified by a contention-based radio network temporary identifier (CB-RNTI) ;wherein the contention resolution message comprises UE contention resolution identities.32.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the UE contention resolution identities identify:UEs competing for CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit; and / orUEs for receiving the contention resolution message.33.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the contention-based preconfigured uplink resources for CB-Msg3 transmission comprise resources associated with:one or more enhanced coverage levels;one or more thresholds of reference signal received power (RSRP) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , or reference signal received quality (RSRQ)one or more numbers of repetitions; orone or more maximum transport blocks.34.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, further comprising:receiving another contention-based message three (CB-Msg3) transmission from the user equipment (UE) through NTN communication;wherein the CB-Msg3 and repetitions of the CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission are conveyed within a contention-based preconfigured uplink resource (CB-PUR) grouping unit associated with a second enhanced coverage level.35.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein configuration of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises one or more of the following:a starting frame, subframe, or slot;a starting subcarrier or physical resource block (PRB) ;a time interval;a number of resource units (RUs) ;a number of carriers, subcarriers, or PRBs;a repetition number;a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) ;a maximum transport block size (TBS) ; andperiodicity.36.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the base station configures the CB-PUR grouping unit through system information.37.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein a number of PUSCH occasions in the CB-PUR grouping unit for receiving the CB-Msg3 is configured according to the first enhanced coverage level or the second enhanced coverage level.38.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the CB-Msg3 transmission to a base station through NTN communication is performed in response to a paging message, and the method further comprises:transmitting to the UE the paging message that conveys an early data transmission (EDT) indicator.39.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein a downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling the contention resolution message is scrambled with the CB-RNTI.40.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the contention resolution message is scrambled with the CB-RNTI.41.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the UE contention resolution identity comprises first 48 bits of an uplink common control channel (CCCH) service data unit (SDU) for the UE.42.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the contention resolution message comprises a timing advance (TA) .43.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the base station configures a monitoring timer that is set to be started after completion of the CB-Msg3 transmission within the CB-PUR grouping unit, with an additional delay equal to a UE-to-eNB round trip time (RTT) .44.The CB-EDT method of claim 43, wherein the contention resolution message comprises a backoff indicator.45.The CB-EDT method of claim 43 wherein a length of the monitoring timer is specific to the first enhanced coverage level.46.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein the CB-RNTI is derived based on at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit and the first enhanced coverage level.47.The CB-EDT method of claim 46, wherein the at least one characteristic of the PUSCH resources of the CB-PUR grouping unit comprises periodicity.48.The CB-EDT method of claim 46, wherein the CB-RNTI is derived further based on a carrier index.49.The CB-EDT method of claim 31, wherein a CB-Msg3 of the CB-Msg3 transmission is an RRCEarlyDataRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for control plane (CP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization, and the CB-Msg3 is an RRCConnectionResumeRequest message when the CB-EDT method is for user plane (UP) Cellular Internet of Thing (CIoT) optimization.50.The CB-EDT method of claim 49, wherein an RRCEarlyDataComplete message concatenated with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCEarlyDataRequest message, and an RRCConnectionRelease message multiplexed with a downlink data is received as a response to the RRCConnectionResumeRequest message.51.The CB-EDT method of claim 50, where a C-RNTI is assigned in the contention resolution message.52.A base station comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 31 to 51.53.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 31 to 51.54.A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 31 to 51.55.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 31 to 51.56.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 31 to 51.
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