The invention relates to a smart backpack with navigation and illumination functions based on the internet of things. The smart backpack comprises a main backpack body, two straps, an illumination mechanism and a navigation mechanism; the illumination mechanism comprises an illumination chamber, the illumination chamber is internally provided with a first motor, a driving bevel gear, a lifting plate, a supporting shaft, an adjusting assembly, an illumination lamp and two lifting assemblies, and each lifting assembly comprises a driven bevel gear, a screw rod, a sliding block and a connecting rod; the navigation mechanism comprises four navigation chambers, each navigation chamber is internally provided with a vibration assembly and a prompting plate, and each vibration assembly comprises asecond motor, a rotating disk, a rotating rod, a movable block and a vibration rod. According to the smart backpack with the navigation and illumination functions based on the internet of things, through the navigation mechanism, the back of a person is beaten, navigation is provided for the person, and the situation is avoided that the person does not hear navigation sound and goes to a wrong way due to too high external sound; through the illumination mechanism, the situation that the person cannot see a route clearly in a dim environment since he/she does not carry illumination equipment is avoided, and the practicality of the backpack is improved.