The invention discloses a special feed for high-density culture of carps and a culture method of the carps, and belongs to the technical field of freshwater fishes. The special feed comprises fish meal, pork powder, chicken meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, vinasse protein feed, rice bran, corn protein powder, flour, soybean oil, vitamin premix, trace element premix, monocalciumphosphate, choline chloride, vitamin C phosphate, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant, vitamin E, L-carnitine hydrochloride, threonine, lysine and methionine. The breeding method comprises the three steps of breeding pond environment control, fry releasing and feeding control. According to the invention, the components in the formula are reasonably proportioned according to the nutritional requirements of carp organisms; the utilization rate of the carp feed is increased, the pollution of metabolites such as nitrogen and phosphorus to aquaculture water is reduced, and the sustainable development of carp aquaculture is promoted. Meanwhile, the matched breeding mode is high in stocking density, the utilization rate of pond water resources is high, and the output benefit per unit area is greatly improved.